MD965Z - Granular combined feed for young sheep - Google Patents
Granular combined feed for young sheep Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- MD965Z MD965Z MDS20150031A MDS20150031A MD965Z MD 965 Z MD965 Z MD 965Z MD S20150031 A MDS20150031 A MD S20150031A MD S20150031 A MDS20150031 A MD S20150031A MD 965 Z MD965 Z MD 965Z
- Authority
- MD
- Moldova
- Prior art keywords
- vitamin
- feed
- additive containing
- feed additive
- combined feed
- Prior art date
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- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 240000009108 Chlorella vulgaris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000007089 Chlorella vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019772 Sunflower meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000013384 milk substitute Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000186841 Lactobacillus farciminis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- FAPWYRCQGJNNSJ-UBKPKTQASA-L calcium D-pantothenic acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC([O-])=O.OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC([O-])=O FAPWYRCQGJNNSJ-UBKPKTQASA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chick antidermatitis factor Natural products OCC(C)(C)C(O)C(=O)NCCC(O)=O GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229930003451 Vitamin B1 Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229930003779 Vitamin B12 Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229930003471 Vitamin B2 Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229930003537 Vitamin B3 Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229930003571 Vitamin B5 Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229960002079 calcium pantothenate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910021446 cobalt carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotinic acid amide Natural products NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000010374 vitamin B1 Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011691 vitamin B1 Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019163 vitamin B12 Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011715 vitamin B12 Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019164 vitamin B2 Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011716 vitamin B2 Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019160 vitamin B3 Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011708 vitamin B3 Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000009492 vitamin B5 Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011675 vitamin B5 Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N vitamin D3 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000005282 vitamin D3 Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011647 vitamin D3 Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229940021056 vitamin d3 Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-WZHZPDAFSA-L cobalt(3+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2r)-1-[3-[(1r,2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2 Chemical compound [Co+3].N#[C-].N([C@@H]([C@]1(C)[N-]\C([C@H]([C@@]1(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=C(\C)/C1=N/C([C@H]([C@@]1(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=C\C1=N\C([C@H](C1(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=C/1C)[C@@H]2CC(N)=O)=C\1[C@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C)OP([O-])(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](N2C3=CC(C)=C(C)C=C3N=C2)O[C@@H]1CO FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-WZHZPDAFSA-L 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract description 31
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000006052 feed supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008369 fruit flavor Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000283903 Ovis aries Species 0.000 description 28
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 description 17
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 241000283898 Ovis Species 0.000 description 16
- 235000019687 Lamb Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 230000000529 probiotic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 6
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 4
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 4
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004464 cereal grain Substances 0.000 description 3
- AGVAZMGAQJOSFJ-WZHZPDAFSA-M cobalt(2+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2r)-1-[3-[(1r,2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2 Chemical compound [Co+2].N#[C-].[N-]([C@@H]1[C@H](CC(N)=O)[C@@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C)OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3CO)N3C4=CC(C)=C(C)C=C4N=C3)O)\C2=C(C)/C([C@H](C\2(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=N/C/2=C\C([C@H]([C@@]/2(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=N\C\2=C(C)/C2=N[C@]1(C)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]2CCC(N)=O AGVAZMGAQJOSFJ-WZHZPDAFSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 INZMV premix Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019728 animal nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021053 average weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 208000029182 enterotoxemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 244000005709 gut microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005706 microflora Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013406 prebiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Invenţia se referă la zootehnie, şi anume la producerea nutreţului combinat granulat pentru tineretul ovin. The invention relates to animal husbandry, namely to the production of granulated combined feed for young sheep.
Nutreţul este destinat hrănirii mieilor în perioada de alăptare, se recomandă de a fi utilizat la creşterea tineretului ovin de prăsilă în sistemul de creştere intensiv în perioada de la naştere până la înţărcare. Sunt elaborate şi experimentate un şir de reţete de nutreţ combinat destinat alimentaţiei tineretului ovin în perioada de alăptare. The feed is intended for feeding lambs during the lactation period, it is recommended to be used for raising young sheep in the intensive breeding system from birth to weaning. A series of combined feed recipes intended for feeding young sheep during the lactation period are developed and tested.
Institutul Ştiinţifico-Practic de Biotehnologii în Zootehnie şi Medicină Veterinară (INZMV) din Moldova a elaborat o reţetă de nutreţ combinat pentru tineretul ovin cu vârsta de 0-4 luni, care constituie un amestec de grăunţoase cerealiere cu includerea aditivilor furajeri - substituent de lapte uscat degresat, fosfat monocalcic, premix INZMV, sare de bucătărie [1]. The Scientific and Practical Institute of Biotechnologies in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine (INZMV) of Moldova has developed a recipe for compound feed for young sheep aged 0-4 months, which is a mixture of cereal grains with the inclusion of feed additives - skimmed dry milk substitute, monocalcium phosphate, INZMV premix, table salt [1].
Se cunoaşte nutreţul combinat, care conţine în % mas.: amestec de cereale - 40 (orz + grâu), ovăz - 12, tărâţe de grâu - 10, şrot de floarea-soarelui - 10, soia prelucrată termic - 15, lapte uscat degresat - 10, fosfat monocalcic - 1, sare de bucătărie - 1, premix INZMV - 1 [1]. The combined feed is known, which contains in % mass: cereal mixture - 40 (barley + wheat), oats - 12, wheat bran - 10, sunflower meal - 10, thermally processed soybeans - 15, skimmed milk powder - 10, monocalcium phosphate - 1, table salt - 1, INZMV premix - 1 [1].
Se mai cunoaşte nutreţul combinat, care conţine în % mas.: porumb - 30, orz - 15, grâu - 20, tărâţe - 4. şrot de floarea-soarelui - 10, făină de lucernă - 10, lapte uscat degresat - 5, drojdii furajere uscate - 3, premix - 0,4, Biovit-40 - 0,1, cretă - 1, sare - 1, fosfat defluorurat - 0,5 [2]. Combined feed is also known, which contains in % mass: corn - 30, barley - 15, wheat - 20, bran - 4. sunflower meal - 10, alfalfa flour - 10, skimmed milk powder - 5, dry fodder yeast - 3, premix - 0.4, Biovit-40 - 0.1, chalk - 1, salt - 1, defluorinated phosphate - 0.5 [2].
De asemenea se cunoaşte nutreţul combinat, care conţine amestec de grăunţoase cerealiere cu adaosuri de premix, lapte uscat degresat, sare, fosfat monocalcic, alţi aditivi furajeri, %: orz - 15, grâu - 20, ovăz - 20, tărâţe - 14, şrot de floarea-soarelui - 10, făină de iarbă - 10, drojdii furajere - 3, lapte uscat degresat - 5, sare - 1, fosfat defluorurat - 1, premix - 1 [3]. Also known is combined feed, which contains a mixture of cereal grains with premix additives, skimmed milk powder, salt, monocalcium phosphate, other feed additives, %: barley - 15, wheat - 20, oats - 20, bran - 14, sunflower meal - 10, grass meal - 10, feed yeast - 3, skimmed milk powder - 5, salt - 1, defluorinated phosphate - 1, premix - 1 [3].
Cea mai apropiată soluţie este nutreţul elaborat de către institutul unional de cercetări ştiinţifice în domeniul ovinelor şi caprinelor din Rusia, care conţine următoarele ingrediente în % mas.: porumb - 15, orz - 25, grâu furajer - 10, ovăz - 10, tărâţe de grâu - 10, şrot floarea-soarelui - 14, făină de iarbă - 10, drojdie furajeră - 3, sare de bucătărie - 1, fosfat monocalcic - 1, premix - 1. Nutreţul combinat nominalizat este destinat alimentaţiei mieilor cu vârsta de la naştere până la 100 zile [3]. The closest solution is the feed developed by the All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Sheep and Goats in Russia, which contains the following ingredients in % by weight: corn - 15, barley - 25, feed wheat - 10, oats - 10, wheat bran - 10, sunflower meal - 14, grass meal - 10, feed yeast - 3, table salt - 1, monocalcium phosphate - 1, premix - 1. The nominated combined feed is intended for feeding lambs from birth to 100 days of age [3].
Neajunsurile nutreţurilor combinate descrise mai sus sunt legate de faptul că sunt folosite premixuri preparate după reţete învechite, nu conţin probiotice, suspensie algală. Din această cauză este imposibil de a echilibra raţiile mieilor după conţinutul de vitamine, microelemente şi de a proteja tractul gastrointestinal de microflora patogenă. Făina de iarbă folosită este un component foarte scump, influenţând asupra preţului de cost, totodată nutreţurile au un conţinut excesiv de grâu şi tărâţe de grâu (în total 34%) şi mai puţin porumb. The shortcomings of the combined feeds described above are related to the fact that premixes prepared according to outdated recipes are used, they do not contain probiotics, algal suspension. Because of this, it is impossible to balance the lamb rations according to the content of vitamins, microelements and to protect the gastrointestinal tract from pathogenic microflora. The grass meal used is a very expensive component, influencing the cost price, at the same time the feeds have an excessive content of wheat and wheat bran (in total 34%) and less corn.
Actualmente în Republica Moldova, pentru hrănirea suplimentară a mieilor în perioada de alăptare foarte rar se foloseşte nutreţ combinat preparat după reţete speciale. Unii crescători de ovine prepară nutreţ combinat din cerealele furajere pe care le cultivă în gospodărie, incluzând preponderent amestecuri simple de grăunţoase şi resturi de cereale. În perioada de stabulaţie, hrana de bază o constituie fânul, paiele, cocenii de porumb, alte grosiere şi, uneori, cantităţi mici de concentrate (0,05…0,1 kg/cap/zi). Analizele efectuate în gospodăriile republicii pe parcursul a mai multor ani au demonstrat că nutreţurile grosiere şi suculente conţin cantităţi insuficiente de proteine şi fosfor. În acelaşi timp, tineretul ovin necesită o raţie mai bogată în proteine, vitamine, micro şi macroelemente decât animalele adulte. Currently, in the Republic of Moldova, compound feed prepared according to special recipes is very rarely used for supplementary feeding of lambs during the lactation period. Some sheep breeders prepare compound feed from the fodder grains they grow on the farm, including mainly simple mixtures of grains and cereal residues. During the housing period, the basic feed is hay, straw, corn cobs, other coarse feed and, sometimes, small amounts of concentrates (0.05…0.1 kg/head/day). Analyses carried out in the farms of the republic over several years have shown that coarse and succulent feeds contain insufficient amounts of protein and phosphorus. At the same time, young sheep require a ration richer in protein, vitamins, micro and macro elements than adult animals.
Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia propusă constă în elaborarea unui nutreţ combinat în formă granulată cu o înaltă valoare nutritivă, conţinut optim echilibrat de vitamine (A, B, D, E, PP), macro- şi microelemente cu includerea unor aditivi furajeri noi, precum probioticele, suspensiile algale, premixurile speciale destinate ovinelor. The problem solved by the proposed invention consists in developing a combined feed in granulated form with a high nutritional value, optimally balanced content of vitamins (A, B, D, E, PP), macro- and microelements with the inclusion of new feed additives, such as probiotics, algal suspensions, special premixes for sheep.
A fost elaborat un nou nutreţ combinat granulat pentru tineretul ovin cu vârsta de 0-4 luni, în care au fost incluse o gamă mai largă de aditivi furajeri şi unele ingrediente noi, cum ar fi probioticul „Biacton”, suspenzia algală Chlorella vulgaris şi premixul mineralo-vitaminic „Mioriţa” special elaborat pentru această grupă de animale. A new granulated combined feed was developed for young sheep aged 0-4 months, which included a wider range of feed additives and some new ingredients, such as the probiotic "Biacton", the algal suspension Chlorella vulgaris and the mineral-vitamin premix "Mioriţa" specially developed for this group of animals.
Nutreţul combinat granulat pentru tineretul ovin, conform invenţiei, conţine următoarele componente, în % mas.: porumb - 24,9, orz - 15,0, tărâţe de grâu - 17,0, şrot de floarea-soarelui - 10,0, şrot de soia - 13,0, făină de lucernă - 7,0, substituent de lapte - 5,0, melasă - 0,5, premix mineralo-vitaminic - 2,0, sare de bucătărie - 1,0, fosfat monocalcic - 1,0, suspensie algală de Chlorella vulgaris cu concentraţia de 50…60 mln celule/ml - 3,5, tulpina Lactobacillus farciminis - 0,1, totodată premixul mineralo-vitaminic conţine, g la 1 kg: sulfat de cupru - 0,67, oxid de zinc - 1,86, oxid de mangan - 7,33, iodură de potasiu - 0,10, aditiv furajer conţinând 5% carbonat de cobalt - 0,23, aditiv furajer conţinând 4,5% selenit de sodiu - 0,27, aditiv furajer conţinând 1000000 UI/g vitamina A - 0,67, aditiv furajer conţinând 500000 UI/g vitamina D3 - 0,27, aditiv furajer conţinând 50% vitamina E - 3,33, vitamina B1 - 0,13, aditiv furajer conţinând 80% vitamina B2 - 0,53, vitamina B3 - 0,47, vitamina B5 - 0,33, aditiv furajer conţinând 1% vitamina B12 - 0,10, aromatizator de fructe - 1,00, antioxidant - 0,67, suport - restul. The granulated combined feed for young sheep, according to the invention, contains the following components, in % mass: corn - 24.9, barley - 15.0, wheat bran - 17.0, sunflower meal - 10.0, soybean meal - 13.0, alfalfa flour - 7.0, milk substitute - 5.0, molasses - 0.5, mineral-vitamin premix - 2.0, table salt - 1.0, monocalcium phosphate - 1.0, algal suspension of Chlorella vulgaris with a concentration of 50…60 million cells/ml - 3.5, Lactobacillus farciminis strain - 0.1, at the same time the mineral-vitamin premix contains, g per 1 kg: copper sulfate - 0.67, zinc oxide - 1.86, manganese oxide - 7.33, potassium iodide - 0.10, feed additive containing 5% cobalt carbonate - 0.23, feed additive containing 4.5% sodium selenite - 0.27, feed additive containing 1000000 IU/g vitamin A - 0.67, feed additive containing 500000 IU/g vitamin D3 - 0.27, feed additive containing 50% vitamin E - 3.33, vitamin B1 - 0.13, feed additive containing 80% vitamin B2 - 0.53, vitamin B3 - 0.47, vitamin B5 - 0.33, feed additive containing 1% vitamin B12 - 0.10, fruit flavoring - 1.00, antioxidant - 0.67, support - the rest.
Nutreţul combinat a fost granulat cu ajutorul agregatului ОГМ-0,4, elaborat de către cercetătorii laboratorului de nutriţie şi tehnologii furajere al Institutului Ştiinţifico-Practic de Biotehnologii în Zootehnie şi Medicină Veterinară, sau cu ajutorul agregatului ОГМ-0,8. Totodată, nutreţul este destinat alimentaţiei tineretului ovin de la naştere până la înţărcare, are o înaltă valoare nutritivă şi conţine ingrediente precum aditivi furajeri, premix mineralo-vitaminic preparat special pentru ovine „Mioriţa”, probiotice, suspensie algală etc. The combined feed was granulated using the OGM-0.4 aggregate, developed by researchers of the laboratory of nutrition and feed technologies of the Scientific and Practical Institute of Biotechnologies in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, or using the OGM-0.8 aggregate. At the same time, the feed is intended for feeding young sheep from birth to weaning, has a high nutritional value and contains ingredients such as feed additives, mineral-vitamin premix specially prepared for sheep "Miorita", probiotics, algal suspension, etc.
Acest nutreţ combinat se deosebeşte prin faptul că la ingredientele de bază s-au adăugat aditivi furajeri noi (premix special preparat pentru nutriţia ovinelor ”Mioriţa”, melasă, suspensie algală Chlorella vulgaris, probiotic „Biacton”) pentru a echilibra substanţele nutritive în conformitate cu necesităţile animalelor la această vârstă. This combined feed is distinguished by the fact that new feed additives have been added to the basic ingredients (specially prepared premix for sheep nutrition "Mioriţa", molasses, Chlorella vulgaris algal suspension, "Biacton" probiotic) to balance the nutrients in accordance with the needs of animals at this age.
Nutreţul combinat granulat propus are menirea de a dezvolta o deprindere cât mai timpurie a mieilor sugari de a consuma asemenea tip de hrană, care, la rândul ei, asigură o adaptare mai rapidă a tractului digestiv la consumarea nutreţurilor fibroase. The proposed granulated combined feed is intended to develop an early habit of infant lambs to consume this type of food, which, in turn, ensures a faster adaptation of the digestive tract to consuming fibrous feed.
Astfel, noul nutreţ combinat granulat administrat mieilor din lotul experimental diferă de conţinutul nutreţului combinat administrat lotului martor prin includerea suplimentară a probioticului „Biacton”, suspensiei algale de Chlorella vulgaris, premixului mineralo-vitaminic „Mioriţa”, melasei, şrotului de soia şi substituentului de lapte. Thus, the new granulated combined feed administered to the lambs in the experimental group differs from the content of the combined feed administered to the control group by the additional inclusion of the probiotic "Biacton", the algal suspension of Chlorella vulgaris, the mineral-vitamin premix "Mioriţa", molasses, soybean meal and milk substitute.
În scopul obţinerii unor performanţe zootehnice la creşterea animalelor de fermă, unii deţinători de animale folosesc aditivi furajeri, printre care se regăsesc şi antibioticele furajere. Mai mulţi savanţi din diverse domenii (zootehnie, medicină sanitară umană, medicină veterinară) în baza experienţelor efectuate au ajuns la concluzia că utilizarea antibioticelor la nutriţia animalelor contribuie la apariţia problemei biorezistenţei în medicina umană. În ultimii ani, ca rezultat al grijii crescânde pentru siguranţa alimentară, mulţi consumatori se abţin de la procurarea şi utilizarea produselor provenite de la animale în hrana cărora s-au folosit antibiotice. In order to achieve zootechnical performance in raising farm animals, some animal owners use feed additives, including feed antibiotics. Several scientists from various fields (zootechnics, human health medicine, veterinary medicine) based on their experiences have concluded that the use of antibiotics in animal nutrition contributes to the emergence of the problem of bioresistance in human medicine. In recent years, as a result of growing concern for food safety, many consumers have refrained from purchasing and using products from animals in the feed of which antibiotics were used.
Uniunea Europeană, preocupată de rezolvarea acestei probleme, implementează un şir de măsuri cu privire la restricţionarea folosirii antibioticelor în hrana animalelor şi căută alţi aditivi furajeri care nu vor avea efecte negative asupra animalelor, produselor animaliere şi sănătatea oamenilor. Din aceste motive este tot mai evidentă tendinţa de găsire a unor alternative care să permită înlocuirea antibioticelor furajere cu alţi aditivi consideraţi mai siguri atât pentru animale, cât şi pentru omul consumator de produse de origine animală. Astfel de alternative pot fi probioticele, prebioticele, enzimele furajere etc. The European Union, concerned with solving this problem, is implementing a series of measures to restrict the use of antibiotics in animal feed and is looking for other feed additives that will not have negative effects on animals, animal products and human health. For these reasons, the trend of finding alternatives that would allow replacing feed antibiotics with other additives considered safer for both animals and humans consuming products of animal origin is increasingly evident. Such alternatives can be probiotics, prebiotics, feed enzymes, etc.
Încă la începutul secolului XX renumitul savant Ilia Mecnicov, care este considerat şi pionerul utilizării probioticelor, a studiat posibilitatea înlocuirii florei patogene a tubului digestiv prin aport exogen zilnic cu floră impusă, alcătuită din lactobacili şi streptococi, alte specii de microorganizme vii, care îmbunătăţesc echilibrul microbian intestinal, influenţând benefic starea de sănătate a animalelor [Ioan Mircea Pop. Aditivi furajeri. Iasi, TipoMoldova, 2006, p. 70-71]. At the beginning of the 20th century, the renowned scientist Ilia Mecnicov, who is also considered the pioneer of the use of probiotics, studied the possibility of replacing the pathogenic flora of the digestive tract through daily exogenous intake with imposed flora, consisting of lactobacilli and streptococci, other species of living microorganisms, which improve the intestinal microbial balance, beneficially influencing the health of animals [Ioan Mircea Pop. Feed additives. Iasi, TipoMoldova, 2006, p. 70-71].
Probioticele sunt preparate naturale ce conţin microorganisme vii care, acţionând asupra florei tactului digestiv, determină efecte benefice pentru organismul animalului, în sensul favorizării stării normale de sănătate, îmbunătăţirii valorificării hranei şi stimulării producţiei [Ioan Mircea Pop. Aditivi furajeri. Iasi, TipoMoldova, 2006, p. 70-71]. Probiotics are natural preparations containing live microorganisms that, acting on the flora of the digestive tract, determine beneficial effects for the animal's body, in the sense of promoting normal health, improving food utilization and stimulating production [Ioan Mircea Pop. Feed additives. Iasi, TipoMoldova, 2006, p. 70-71].
Microflora intestinală asigură nu numai digestia normală a hranei, dar şi apără starea de sănătate a animalului, îndeosebi apariţia afecţiunilor cu localizare gastrointestinală (diaree, dizenterie, enterocolite, enterotoxemii etc.). The intestinal microflora ensures not only the normal digestion of food, but also protects the animal's health, especially the occurrence of diseases with gastrointestinal localization (diarrhea, dysentery, enterocolitis, enterotoxemia, etc.).
Datorită acestor proprietăţi probioticele au căpătat o dezvoltare rapidă şi sunt folosite pe scară largă în toate ţările cu zootehnie avansată (SUA, Franţa, Anglia, Germania, Austria, Suedia, Italia, Olanda etc.). Due to these properties, probiotics have developed rapidly and are widely used in all countries with advanced animal husbandry (USA, France, England, Germany, Austria, Sweden, Italy, the Netherlands, etc.).
Probioticul „Biacton” reprezintă un produs natural, creat pe baza lactobacteriilor acido-lactice Lactobacillus farciminis şi este recomandat ca adaos furajer în nutreţul combinat destinat alimentaţiei animalelor de fermă [Effect of Lactobacillus Farciminis (Biacton) in poultry and pigs.11 th International Simposium of Animal Biology and Nutrition. Book of Abstracts. Bucharest. 2012]. The probiotic "Biacton" is a natural product, created based on the lactic acid lactobacilli Lactobacillus farciminis and is recommended as a feed additive in combined feed intended for farm animal feeding [Effect of Lactobacillus Farciminis (Biacton) in poultry and pigs.11 th International Simposium of Animal Biology and Nutrition. Book of Abstracts. Bucharest. 2012].
Cercetările ştiinţifice asupra creării şi dezvoltării probioticului „Biacton” s-au efectuat datorită cererii UE de a găsi o alternativă la folosirea antibioticelor în hrana animalelor. Efectul probioticului „Biacton” este documentat prin testări efectuate în multe universităţi europene şi aprobat ulterior de Autoritatea Europeană pentru Siguranţa Alimentară (EFSA), organ ştiinţific superior al UE [The National Committee for Pig Production. Annual Report 2004. Feeding of weaners. Biacton, p. 19 <URL:http://vsp.lf.dk/~/media/Files/PDF%20-%20Aarsberetning%20VSP%20English/LU_AnnualReport_2004.pdf >]. Scientific research into the creation and development of the probiotic "Biacton" was carried out due to the EU's request to find an alternative to the use of antibiotics in animal feed. The effect of the probiotic "Biacton" is documented by tests carried out in many European universities and subsequently approved by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the EU's highest scientific body [The National Committee for Pig Production. Annual Report 2004. Feeding of weaners. Biacton, p. 19 <URL:http://vsp.lf.dk/~/media/Files/PDF%20-%20Aarsberetning%20VSP%20English/LU_AnnualReport_2004.pdf >].
În Republica Moldova probioticele ca adaos nutritiv în hrana animalelor abia au început să se folosească. La moment nu există date experimentale pe diverse specii şi grupe de animale, care ar confirma eficacitatea utilizării unui sau altui probiotic testat ştiinţifico-practic pe efectivele de animale din republică. In the Republic of Moldova, probiotics as a nutritional supplement in animal feed have only just begun to be used. At the moment, there is no experimental data on various species and groups of animals that would confirm the effectiveness of using one or another scientifically and practically tested probiotic on livestock in the republic.
Premixul mineralo-vitaminic „Mioriţa” a fost elaborat de IŞPBZMV şi este destinat pentru includerea în hrana tineretului ovin. The mineral-vitamin premix "Miorita" was developed by ISPBZMV and is intended for inclusion in the feed of young sheep.
Compoziţia premixului este prezentată în tab. 1. The composition of the premix is presented in Table 1.
Tabelul 1 Table 1
Premix pentru miei Premix for lambs
Compoziţia pentru 1 kg № Ingrediente Unităţi de măsură Premix „Mioriţa” 2% 1 Sulfat de cupru g 0,67 2 Oxid de zinc g 1,86 3 Oxid de mangan g 7,33 4 Iodură de potasiu g 0,1 5 Aditiv furajer conţinând 5% carbonat de cobalt (Microgran Co 5%) g 0,23 6 Aditiv furajer conţinând 1000000 UI/g vitamina A (Rovimix A-1000) g 0,67 7 Aditiv furajer conţinând 500000 UI/g vitamina D3 (Rovimix D3) g 0,27 8 Aditiv furajer conţinând 50% vitamina E (Rovimix E-50) g 3,33 9 Vitamina B1 (Rovimix B1) g 0,13 10 Aditiv furajer conţinând 80% vitamina B2 (Rovimix B2 80-SD) g 0,53 11 Vitamina B3 (Rovimix Calpan) g 0,33 12 Vitamina B5 (Rovimix Niacin) g 0,47 13 Aditiv furajer conţinând 1% vitamina B12 (Rovimix B12) 1% g 0,1 14 Aditiv furajer conţinând 4,5% selenit de sodiu (Microgran Se 4,5%) g 0,27 15 Aromatizator de fructe (asorti fructe) g 1,0 16 Antioxidant (Luctanox) g 0,67 17 Suport g restulComposition for 1 kg № Ingredients Units of measurement Premix "Mioriţa" 2% 1 Copper sulfate g 0.67 2 Zinc oxide g 1.86 3 Manganese oxide g 7.33 4 Potassium iodide g 0.1 5 Feed additive containing 5% cobalt carbonate (Microgran Co 5%) g 0.23 6 Feed additive containing 1000000 IU/g vitamin A (Rovimix A-1000) g 0.67 7 Feed additive containing 500000 IU/g vitamin D3 (Rovimix D3) g 0.27 8 Feed additive containing 50% vitamin E (Rovimix E-50) g 3.33 9 Vitamin B1 (Rovimix B1) g 0.13 10 Feed additive containing 80% vitamin B2 (Rovimix B2 80-SD) g 0.53 11 Vitamin B3 (Rovimix Calpan) g 0.33 12 Vitamin B5 (Rovimix Niacin) g 0.47 13 Feed additive containing 1% vitamin B12 (Rovimix B12) 1% g 0.1 14 Feed additive containing 4.5% sodium selenite (Microgran Se 4.5%) g 0.27 15 Fruit flavoring (assorted fruits) g 1.0 16 Antioxidant (Luctanox) g 0.67 17 Support g the rest
Suspensia reprezintă un lichid de culoare verzuie care conţine 50…60 mln/cm3 celule de alge vii Chlorella vulgaris. Tehnologia preparării suspensiei constă în asigurarea temperaturii de 28…30°C şi a iluminării vaselor cu apă în care a fost introdusă cultura de algă Chlorella vulgaris. La a 4-a zi suspensia de algă Chlorella vulgaris este gata şi poate fi folosită în alimentaţia atât a animalelor, cât şi a oamenilor. The suspension is a greenish liquid containing 50…60 million/cm3 of live Chlorella vulgaris algae cells. The technology of preparing the suspension consists in ensuring a temperature of 28…30°C and lighting the vessels with water in which the Chlorella vulgaris algae culture was introduced. On the 4th day, the Chlorella vulgaris algae suspension is ready and can be used in the nutrition of both animals and humans.
Din aceste motive, s-au iniţiat cercetări ştiinţifice în acest domeniu, pentru început a fost elaborat nutreţul nominalizat care a fost testat pe 2 loturi (martor şi experimental) de tineret ovin cu vârsta de la naştere până la înţărcare. Nutreţul combinat, administrat animalelor din lotul martor, a servit ca mostră de comparaţie cu nutreţul combinat granulat administrat lotului experimental. În nutreţul combinat utilizat în lotul martor au fost incluse grăunţoase cerealiere cultivate în gospodărie cu adaosuri de şroturi, tărâţe, sare de bucătărie. Componenţa chimică a nutreţurilor folosite în hrana animalelor pe durata experienţei este expusă în tab. 2. For these reasons, scientific research was initiated in this field, first of all, the nominated feed was developed and tested on 2 batches (control and experimental) of young sheep aged from birth to weaning. The combined feed, administered to the animals in the control batch, served as a comparison sample with the combined granulated feed administered to the experimental batch. The combined feed used in the control batch included cereal grains grown on the farm with additions of groats, bran, and table salt. The chemical composition of the feeds used in animal feed during the experiment is shown in Tab. 2.
Tabelul 2 Table 2
Indicii analizei chimice a nutreţurilor Indices of chemical analysis of feed
Indici Nutreţ combinat negranulat, lotul martor Nutreţ combinat granulat, lotul experimental Umiditate, % primă 10,78 10,00 hidroscopică 4,60 4,04 totală 14,88 13,64 Substanţe uscate,% 85,12 86,36 Azot, % uscată 2,01 2,84 abs. uscată 2,11 2,96 naturală 1,79 2,56 Proteină, % uscată 12,56 17,75 abs.uscată 13,17 18,50 naturală 11,21 15,98 Grăsime, % uscată 7,14 3,39 abs. uscată 7,48 3,53 naturală 6,37 3,05 Celuloză, % uscată 14,40 8,56 abs. uscată 15,09 8,92 naturală 12,85 7,70 Cenuşă, % uscată 5,50 5,83 abs. uscată 5,77 6,08 naturală 4,91 5,25 Substanţe extractive neazotate (SEN), % naturală 49,78 54,39 Unităţi Nutritive (UN) naturală 1,02 1,01 Energie metabolizabilă (EM), kcal 2311,60 2321,79 UNE 0,92 0,93 Zinc, mg/kg 15,8 65,6 Cupru, mg/kg 10,3 7,24 Fosfor,% 0,31 0,58 Calciu,% 0,65 0,62Indices Non-granulated combined feed, control batch Granulated combined feed, experimental batch Moisture, % raw 10.78 10.00 hydroscopic 4.60 4.04 total 14.88 13.64 Dry matter, % 85.12 86.36 Nitrogen, % dry 2.01 2.84 abs. dry 2.11 2.96 natural 1.79 2.56 Protein, % dry 12.56 17.75 abs. dry 13.17 18.50 natural 11.21 15.98 Fat, % dry 7.14 3.39 abs. dry 7.48 3.53 natural 6.37 3.05 Cellulose, % dry 14.40 8.56 abs. dry 15.09 8.92 natural 12.85 7.70 Ash, % dry 5.50 5.83 abs. dry 5.77 6.08 natural 4.91 5.25 Non-nitrogenous extractives (NNI), % natural 49.78 54.39 Nutrient Units (NU) natural 1.02 1.01 Metabolizable energy (ME), kcal 2311.60 2321.79 UNE 0.92 0.93 Zinc, mg/kg 15.8 65.6 Copper, mg/kg 10.3 7.24 Phosphorus,% 0.31 0.58 Calcium,% 0.65 0.62
Analiza chimică a nutreţului folosit la hrănirea mieilor a fost efectuată în laboratorul institutului. Datele din tab. 2 demonstrează faptul că nutreţul combinat utilizat în alimentaţia animalelor din ambele loturi a avut aceeaşi cantitate de unităţi nutritive (1,01…1,02). Conţinutul de proteine a fost mai mic în nutreţul combinat din lotul martor cu 4,77%, iar de grăsimi şi celuloză a fost mai mare cu 3,32 şi, respectiv, 5,15%. Cantitatea mai mare de proteine din nutreţul combinat granulat administrat mieilor din lotul experimental se explică prin prezenţa şrotului de soia şi a substituentului de lapte. Includerea unor cantităţi mai mari de şrot de floarea-soarelui şi de tărâţe de grâu în nutreţul combinat din lotul martor a dus la creşterea procentului de grăsimi şi celuloză. The chemical analysis of the feed used for feeding the lambs was carried out in the laboratory of the institute. The data in tab. 2 demonstrate that the combined feed used in the feeding of animals from both groups had the same amount of nutritional units (1.01…1.02). The protein content was lower in the combined feed from the control group by 4.77%, and the fat and cellulose content was higher by 3.32 and, respectively, 5.15%. The higher amount of protein in the granulated combined feed administered to the lambs from the experimental group is explained by the presence of soybean meal and milk substitute. The inclusion of larger amounts of sunflower meal and wheat bran in the combined feed from the control group led to an increase in the percentage of fat and cellulose.
Rezultatele productivităţii animalelor Animal productivity results
Drept indici de bază ai rezultatelor experienţei nominalizate au servit creşterea masei corporale a mieilor şi dinamica sporului mediu zilnic. The main indicators of the results of the nominated experiment were the increase in body mass of lambs and the dynamics of average daily gain.
S-a observat o creştere şi o dezvoltare mai slabă a mieilor din lotul martor cu diminuarea sporului zilnic mediu pe durata experienţei (tab. 3). Weaker growth and development of the lambs in the control group was observed with a decrease in average daily gain during the experiment (Table 3).
Tabelul 3 Table 3
Masa corporală şi sporul mediu în greutate a mieilor Body mass and average weight gain of lambs
Perioada Masa corporală, kg Sporul mediu zilnic, g Lotul martor Lotul experimental Lotul martor Lotul experimental kg kg % g g % La începutul experienţei (vârsta - 22 zile) 7,7 7,7 100,0 La 1 lună de la încep. exp. (vârsta - 52 zile) 13,5 15,2 112,4 193,3 250,0 129,3 La 2 luni de la încep. exp. (84 zile) 18,00±094 20,8±0,76 115,3 140,6±0,38 175,0±0,33 124,5 Spor total 10,3 13,1 127,2 166,1 211,3 127,2Period Body weight, kg Average daily gain, g Control group Experimental group Control group Experimental group kg kg % g g % At the beginning of the experiment (age - 22 days) 7.7 7.7 100.0 At 1 month from the beginning of the experiment (age - 52 days) 13.5 15.2 112.4 193.3 250.0 129.3 At 2 months from the beginning of the experiment (84 days) 18.00±0.94 20.8±0.76 115.3 140.6±0.38 175.0±0.33 124.5 Total gain 10.3 13.1 127.2 166.1 211.3 127.2
La începutul experienţei masa corporală medie a mieilor din ambele loturi a fost egală (7,7 kg). După o perioadă de 30 zile, masa corporală medie a mieilor din lotul martor constituia 13,5 kg, vizavi de 15,2 kg din lotul experimental, adică cu 1,7 kg mai mică. De asemenea şi sporul mediu zilnic a fost mai mic în lotul martor cu 56,7 g (250,0 - 193,3 g). Intensitatea creşterii în ambele loturi a fost relativ mare în primele 30 zile de experienţă, când fiecare miel a adăugat câte 7,5 kg (lotul experimental ) şi 5,8 kg (lotul martor). O intensitate de creştere relativ mai mică s-a înregistrat pe parcursul următoarelor 32 de zile, când fiecare miel din lotul martor a adăugat câte 4,5 kg, iar din lotul experimental 5,6 kg. Diferenţa de spor mediu zilnic între loturi în prima lună a fost de 56,7 g/zi/cap, în a 2-a lună de 34,4 g/zi/cap, iar pe toată perioada experienţei de 45,2 g/zi/cap în favoarea lotului experimental. Această diferenţă a intensităţii creşterii mieilor ambelor loturi dintre prima şi a 2-a lună se exprimă prin faptul că începând cu a doua lună mieii au fost scoşi la păşunat, iar seara erau separaţi pe noapte de oile-mame, suferind astfel un stres, care probabil a şi influenţat asupra creşterii. Astfel, mieii noaptea nu sugeau lapte, iar ziua nu consumau nutreţ combinat şi fân. At the beginning of the experiment, the average body weight of lambs in both groups was equal (7.7 kg). After a period of 30 days, the average body weight of lambs in the control group was 13.5 kg, compared to 15.2 kg in the experimental group, i.e. 1.7 kg less. Also, the average daily gain was lower in the control group by 56.7 g (250.0 - 193.3 g). The growth intensity in both groups was relatively high in the first 30 days of the experiment, when each lamb added 7.5 kg (experimental group) and 5.8 kg (control group). A relatively lower growth intensity was recorded during the following 32 days, when each lamb in the control group added 4.5 kg, and in the experimental group 5.6 kg. The difference in average daily gain between the groups in the first month was 56.7 g/day/head, in the 2nd month 34.4 g/day/head, and throughout the entire period of the experiment 45.2 g/day/head in favor of the experimental group. This difference in the growth intensity of the lambs of both groups between the first and 2nd month is expressed by the fact that starting with the second month the lambs were taken out to pasture, and in the evening they were separated from the mother ewes at night, thus suffering stress, which probably influenced the growth. Thus, the lambs did not suckle milk at night, and did not consume combined feed and hay during the day.
Consumul specific de nutreţ combinat la 1,0 kg de spor global a fost de 1,25 kg în lotul martor şi 1,12 kg în lotul experimental. The specific consumption of combined feed per 1.0 kg of overall gain was 1.25 kg in the control group and 1.12 kg in the experimental group.
Consumul zilnic mediu de nutreţ combinat a fost: The average daily consumption of compound feed was:
- lotul martor - 208 g/cap sau 0,35 lei, - control group - 208 g/head or 0.35 lei,
- lotul experimental - 236 g/cap sau 1,23 lei. - experimental batch - 236 g/head or 1.23 lei.
Indicii economici ai rezultatelor experienţei Economic indicators of the results of the experiment
Pe parcursul a două luni de experienţă nutriţia mieilor din ambele loturi s-a diferenţiat prin cantitatea şi calitatea nutreţului combinat consumat. Calitatea nutreţului combinat depinde de reţeta lui şi de calitatea ingredientelor. În ambele loturi baza nutreţului combinat au constituit-o grăunţoasele produse în STE „Maximovca”, porumb, orz, grâu. Nutreţul combinat granulat utilizat în lotul experimental se diferenţia de cel din lotul martor prin conţinutul suplimentar de substituient de lapte, şrot de soia, premix „Mioriţa”, probiotic „Biacton”, melasă, suspensie algală Chlorella vulgaris. Aceste ingrediente suplimentare incluse în reţeta nutreţului combinat granulat al lotului experimental ulterior au influenţat asupra costului lui. During two months of experience, the nutrition of lambs in both batches differed in the quantity and quality of the combined feed consumed. The quality of the combined feed depends on its recipe and the quality of the ingredients. In both batches, the basis of the combined feed was the cereals produced in the STE "Maximovca", corn, barley, wheat. The granulated combined feed used in the experimental batch differed from that in the control batch by the additional content of milk substitute, soybean meal, "Miorita" premix, "Biacton" probiotic, molasses, Chlorella vulgaris algal suspension. These additional ingredients included in the recipe of the granulated combined feed of the experimental batch subsequently influenced its cost.
Calcularea eficienţei economice a utilizării nutreţului combinat granulat în alimentarea mieilor în perioada alăptării a fost efectuată în baza datelor oficiale ale contabilităţii STE „Maximovca” pe anul 2014. Preţul mediu de realizare a 1,0 kg masă corporală a mieilor de prăsilă comercializaţi în acest an a constituit 42,5 lei (tab. 4.) The calculation of the economic efficiency of using granulated combined feed in feeding lambs during the lactation period was carried out based on official accounting data of STE "Maximovca" for 2014. The average price of 1.0 kg of body weight of breeding lambs sold this year was 42.5 lei (tab. 4.)
Tabelul 4 Table 4
Indicii economici Economic indices
Indici Lotul martor Lotul experimental Faţă de martor Costul 1 kg nutreţ combinat,lei 1,68 5,20 + 3,52 Costul nutreţului combinat consumat de miei: - lei/cap/zi - lei/cap/perioadă (2 luni) 0,35 21,67 1,23 75,92 + 0,88 + 54,25 Masa corp. medie a 1 miel la finele experienţei (3 luni), kg 18,0 20,8 + 2,8 Preţ 1 kg masă corporală, lei 42,5 42,5 - Preţul 1 miel realizat la vârsta de 3 luni, - lei 765,0 884,0 + 119,0 Profit la un cap, lei (119,0-54,25) + 64,8Indices Control group Experimental group Compared to control Cost of 1 kg of combined feed, lei 1.68 5.20 + 3.52 Cost of combined feed consumed by lambs: - lei/head/day - lei/head/period (2 months) 0.35 21.67 1.23 75.92 + 0.88 + 54.25 Average body weight of 1 lamb at the end of the experiment (3 months), kg 18.0 20.8 + 2.8 Price of 1 kg of body weight, lei 42.5 42.5 - Price of 1 lamb achieved at the age of 3 months, - lei 765.0 884.0 + 119.0 Profit per head, lei (119.0-54.25) + 64.8
Preţul de realizare a unui miel la vârsta de 3 luni a fost de 765,0 lei în lotul martor şi de 884,0 lei în lotul experimental. Eliminând diferenţa de cost a nutreţului combinat dintre lotul experimental şi lotul martor s-a obţinut un preţ de realizare a 1 miel din lotul experimental de 829,75 lei. Astfel, în urma folosirii în alimentaţia mieilor în perioada de alăptare a suplimentului de nutreţ combinat granulat revendicat s-a obţinut un profit de 64,8 lei la fiecare miel realizat. În anul 2014 s-au comercializat berbecuţi şi mioare de prăsilă cu acordarea sprijinului de către stat în mărime de 100 lei per kg masă corporală. Gospodăria STE „Maximovca” a vândut un număr limitat de animale la preţul de 102 lei per kg. În acest caz, când comercializarea s-a efectuat la acest preţ, indicii economici au fost cu mult mai efectivi (tab. 5). The selling price of a lamb at the age of 3 months was 765.0 lei in the control group and 884.0 lei in the experimental group. Eliminating the difference in the cost of the combined feed between the experimental group and the control group, a selling price of 1 lamb from the experimental group was obtained of 829.75 lei. Thus, following the use of the claimed granulated combined feed supplement in the feeding of lambs during the lactation period, a profit of 64.8 lei was obtained for each lamb produced. In 2014, rams and breeding ewes were sold with state support of 100 lei per kg of body weight. The STE “Maximovca” farm sold a limited number of animals at the price of 102 lei per kg. In this case, when the sale was carried out at this price, the economic indicators were much more effective (tab. 5).
Tabelul 5 Table 5
Indicii economici la creşterea tineretului ovin de prăsilă Economic indicators for raising young breeding sheep
Indicii Lotul martor Lotul experimental Faţă de martor Costul 1 kg nutreţ combinat, lei 1,68 5,20 + 3,52 Costul nutreţului combinat consumat de miei, - lei/cap/zi - lei/cap/perioadă (2 luni) 0,35 21,67 1,23 75,92 + 0,88 + 54,25 Masa corp. medie a 1 miel la finele experienţei ( vârsta 3 luni), kg 18,0 20,8 + 2,8 Preţ 1 kg masă corporală, lei 102,0 102,0 - Preţul 1 miel realizat la vârsta de 3 luni, lei 1836.0 2121,6 + 285,6 Profit brut, lei 285,6 Profit net, lei 231,35 Indices Control group Experimental group Compared to control Cost of 1 kg of combined feed, lei 1.68 5.20 + 3.52 Cost of combined feed consumed by lambs, - lei/head/day - lei/head/period (2 months) 0.35 21.67 1.23 75.92 + 0.88 + 54.25 Average body weight of 1 lamb at the end of the experiment (age 3 months), kg 18.0 20.8 + 2.8 Price of 1 kg of body weight, lei 102.0 102.0 - Price of 1 lamb achieved at the age of 3 months, lei 1836.0 2121.6 + 285.6 Gross profit, lei 285.6 Net profit, lei 231.35
Ca rezultat, costul 1,0 kg de nutreţ combinat a fost de 1,68 lei în lotul martor şi de 5,20 lei în lotul experimental. Ţinând cont de consumul de nutreţ combinat pe perioada experimentală de 2 luni de zile, s-a constatat că un miel din lotul martor a consumat în medie 12,9 kg cheltuind astfel 21,67 lei, iar cel din lotul experimental - 14,6 kg sau 75,92 lei. Analizând rezultatele creşterii masei corporale, a sporului mediu zilnic şi a, preţului de realizare a mieilor de prăsilă s-a constatat un avantaj al mieilor din lotul experimental. Masa corporală a mieilor din lotul experimental era mai mare 2,8 kg decât a mieilor din lotul martor, iar la înmulţirea cu 102 lei, (preţ de realizare a 1,0 kg masă corporală) s-a obţinut o diferenţă de 285,6 lei în favoarea mieilor din lotul experimental. Chiar şi luând în consideraţie diferenţa dintre preţul de cost al nutreţului combinat consumat de către mieii din lotul experimental care este mai mare cu 54,25 lei faţă de cel din lotul martor, s-a obţinut un profit net de 231,35 lei la fiecare miel realizat la vârsta de 3 luni. As a result, the cost of 1.0 kg of combined feed was 1.68 lei in the control group and 5.20 lei in the experimental group. Taking into account the consumption of combined feed during the experimental period of 2 months, it was found that a lamb from the control group consumed an average of 12.9 kg, thus spending 21.67 lei, and the one from the experimental group - 14.6 kg or 75.92 lei. Analyzing the results of body mass increase, average daily gain and the price of the lambs for breeding, an advantage of the lambs from the experimental group was found. The body mass of the lambs from the experimental group was 2.8 kg higher than that of the lambs from the control group, and when multiplied by 102 lei (price of 1.0 kg of body mass) a difference of 285.6 lei was obtained in favor of the lambs from the experimental group. Even taking into account the difference between the cost price of the combined feed consumed by the lambs in the experimental group, which is 54.25 lei higher than that in the control group, a net profit of 231.35 lei was obtained for each lamb produced at the age of 3 months.
Modul de preparare a nutreţului combinat How to prepare compound feed
Exemplul de realizare 1 Embodiment 1
Nutreţul combinat utilizat în lotul martor. The combined feed used in the control group.
Componentele se dozează şi se amestecă în următorul raport: în % mas: porumb - 15, orz - 25, grâu furajer - 10, ovăz - 10, tărâţe de grâu - 10, şrot de floarea-soarelui - 14, făină de iarbă - 10, drojdie furajeră - 3, sare de bucătărie - 1, fosfat monocalcic - 1, premix - 1. The components are dosed and mixed in the following ratio: in % mass: corn - 15, barley - 25, feed wheat - 10, oats - 10, wheat bran - 10, sunflower meal - 14, grass meal - 10, feed yeast - 3, table salt - 1, monocalcium phosphate - 1, premix - 1.
Exemplul de realizare 2 Embodiment 2
Nutreţul combinat utilizat în lotul experimental The combined feed used in the experimental group
Componentele se dozează şi se amestecă în următorul raport: în % mas: porumb - 24,9, orz - 15,0, tărâţe de grâu - 17,0, şrot de floarea-soarelui - 10,0, şrot de soia - 13,0, făină de lucernă - 7,0, substituent de lapte - 5,0, melasă - 0,5, premix mineralo-vitaminic - 2,0, sare de bucătărie - 1,0, fosfat monocalcic - 1,0, suspensie algală de Chlorella vulgaris cu concentraţia de 50…69 mln celule/ml - 3,5, probiotic din tulpina Lactobacillus farciminis - 0,1; premixul mineralo-vitaminic conţine: sulfat de cupru, oxid de zinc, oxid de mangan, iodură de potasiu, carbonat de cobalt, selenit de sodiu, vitamina A, vitamina D3, vitamina E, vitamina B1, vitamina B2, vitamina B3, vitamina B5, vitamina B12, aromatizator de fructe, antioxidant şi suport; amestecul componentelor fiind presat sub formă de granule cu ajutorul agregatului OGM-0,8. The components are dosed and mixed in the following ratio: in % mass: corn - 24.9, barley - 15.0, wheat bran - 17.0, sunflower meal - 10.0, soybean meal - 13.0, alfalfa flour - 7.0, milk substitute - 5.0, molasses - 0.5, mineral-vitamin premix - 2.0, table salt - 1.0, monocalcium phosphate - 1.0, algal suspension of Chlorella vulgaris with a concentration of 50…69 million cells/ml - 3.5, probiotic from the Lactobacillus farciminis strain - 0.1; The mineral-vitamin premix contains: copper sulfate, zinc oxide, manganese oxide, potassium iodide, cobalt carbonate, sodium selenite, vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B12, fruit flavoring, antioxidant and support; the mixture of components is pressed into granules using the OGM-0.8 aggregate.
1. Recomandări. Folosirea raţională a furajelor concentrate în nutriţia animalelor agricole. Chişinău, Ministerul Agriculturii şi Industriei Alimentare, 2002, p. 20 1. Recommendations. Rational use of concentrated feed in the nutrition of farm animals. Chisinau, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry, 2002, p. 20
2. Степурин Г. Ф. Справочник по нормированному кормлению сельскохозяйственных животных. Кишинев, Картя Молдовеняскэ, 1983, р. 175 2. Stepurin G. Ф. Reference book on standard feeding of agricultural animals. Chişinău, Картя Мольдовеняске, 1983, р. 175
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