RU2580358C1 - Method of increasing productivity of farm birds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in poultry farming in feeding broiler chickens. Method involves feeding poultry fodder with a fodder additive containing a vitaminizing component. Fodder additive additionally contains mineral components: selenium, magnesium and zinc, wedding agent Solutol HS 15 and water. Fodder additive is an aqueous solution of stabilised particles of selenium, magnesium and zinc, lipophilic (A, D, E, K) and hydrophilic (H, B₂, B₆, C) of vitamins and a solubilising agent Solutol HS 15, taken in certain proportions, which is fed continuously twice together with drinking water in the periods from 12 to 16 and 27 to 31 days of poultry breeding in dosage 1.0 ml per 1 litre of drinking water.

EFFECT: invention allows increasing dynamics of live weight gain and increase efficiency of digestion of fodder nutrients.

1 cl, 3 tbl

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to a method for increasing the productivity of agricultural poultry and can be used in poultry farming for feeding broiler chickens.

State of the art

A known method of using vitamin-mineral supplements containing adaptogens, namely GABA as a feed additive in the diet of broiler chickens, while the inclusion in the diet of birds GABA in a concentration of 50-300 g per ton of feed increases the live weight of males by 2.8-3.9% compared with the control (see AS SU No. 957836, class A23K 1/16, publ. 1962).

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of gain in live weight in hens.

There is a method of increasing the productivity of broiler chickens, including feeding them a starting diet, in which an enzyme preparation is administered for two weeks, while simultaneously with the introduction of the enzyme preparation, a deficiency of vitamins A, D and calcium is created in the starting diet (see US Pat. RU No. 2275804 , CL A01K 67/02, A23K 1/165, publ. 05/10/2006).

This method is based on the direct action of enzyme preparations on the body of growing young animals by increasing the digestibility of feed, however, significant costs of expensive enzyme preparations, which are fed daily or with a short break, are far from always covered by the obtained increase in live weight of chickens, in addition, long-term feeding of individual young animals to growing enzyme preparations can reduce their productivity due to metabolic disorders.

A known method of increasing the resistance of the broiler organism, including introducing selenium-based immunostimulants into the diet of their feeding, while in the pre-feeding period of feeding chickens in the first five days of their life, 0.2 mg of the organic form of selenium is introduced into the diet along with the inorganic form of selenium per kg of feed for the active substance, and selenium preparations are administered together in the ratio of organic and inorganic forms as 1: 1, while inorganic forms of selenium in feed sodium selenite, and as the organic form of selenium “Sel-Plex”, and in the rest of the broiler feeding period, sodium selenite is introduced into the feed in full dose (see US Pat. RU No. 2351151, class A23K 1/00, publ. 10.04. 2009).

The disadvantage of this method is its high cost.

A known method of increasing the productivity of farm animals, including obtaining transgenic animals, for example, obtaining a giant sheep and large pigs after injection of a growth hormone gene into an egg (Gene engineers fashion gigant sheep, New scientist, 1986, III, N1516, p. 80 .; Palmiter R. et al. control of DNA seguence transcription-United States Patent 19, P. N4, 579, 821, Arch. 1, 1986).

The disadvantage of this method is that it is designed to increase the productivity of mammals and unsuitable for birds, because the specific features of breeding birds and their sizes do not allow for similar manipulations that are performed on the eggs of mammals: washing, centrifugation, injections under a microscope, in a nutrient medium outside the body, followed by transplantation into the genital tract.

Known drugs, the use of which increases the meat and milk productivity of farm animals and poultry. Among them, it is worth highlighting LIGFOL, an adaptogen stress corrector, which includes humic substances obtained by hydrolysis of natural (wood) lignin, sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate, sodium chloride and demineralized water (Berkovich AM, Buzlama BC, Buzlama S.V. Lobashova OV Ligfol - a new domestic veterinary drug with a wide spectrum of action. Veterinary practice, 2003, No. 3 (22), pp. 23-27).

The disadvantage of this drug is the rather large weight quantities of the drug used (0.01-1.0 g per 1 kg of live weight), as well as the method of its administration (intramuscularly). In addition, LIGFOL is a mixture of humic substances, which creates difficulties in terms of standardizing the drug and obtaining reproducible results.

Known drug "E-Selenium" manufactured by CJSC "Nita-Farm", containing tocopherol acetate and sodium selenite, which is intended to compensate for the deficiency of vitamin E and selenium in the animal body (see Russia, 410030, Saratov, and I am 3708, www.nita-farm.ru).

The disadvantage of this drug and its method of use is that the drug is intended for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by a lack of vitamin E and selenium in the body, and is not intended to increase the productivity of poultry (see instructions for use of E-selenium, registration number of the TAC - 2 - 4.1 / 00814).

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and adopted by the authors for the prototype is a feed additive for broiler chickens and laying hens and the method of its application containing vitamin E, while it additionally contains selenium with a particle size of 20-60 nm, Solutol solubilizer HS 15 and water, in the following ratio of components in wt.%: Vitamin E 1.0-20.0; selenium 0.0001-1.0; solubilizer Solutol HS 15 1.0-20.0; water the rest.

A method of increasing the productivity of broiler chickens, including feeding them compound feed with a feed additive, which is administered with drinking water continuously during the period from 15 to 42 days of broiler fattening at a dose of 0.125 wt.% Selenium and 3.8 wt.% Vitamin E per 1 liter drinking water (see US Pat. RU No. 2514670, class A23K 1/16, A23K 1/175, A61K 31/355, A61K 33/04, A61P 3/02, publ. 04/27/2014).

The disadvantage of this feed additive and a method of increasing productivity is that the composition of the additive has two components - selenium and vitamin E, while the modern approach to improving the productivity of poultry is based on the development of multicomponent feed additives.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to develop a method of increasing the productivity of poultry, with an increase in the dynamics of growth in live weight of the bird and an increase in the efficiency of assimilation of nutrient feed.

The technical result, which can be obtained using the present invention, is to increase the dynamics of growth in live weight of the bird and increase the efficiency of assimilation of nutrients of the feed.

The technical result is achieved using a method of increasing the productivity of poultry, including feeding it compound feed with a feed additive containing a fortifying component, while the feed additive additionally contains mineral components selenium, magnesium and zinc, Solutol HS 15 solubilizer and water, while the feed additive is water solution stabilized particles of selenium, magnesium and zinc, lipophilic (A, D, E, K) and hydrophilic (H, B _2, B _6, C) vitamins and solubilizer Solutol HS 15 which is introduced indirect twice in conjunction with drinking water during the periods from 12 to 16 and from 27 to 31 days of poultry rearing, since it is during these rearing periods that the poultry experiences increased stress due to a change in diet from the Start program to Growth and from the program “ Growth "to" Finish ", respectively. 1 ml of the drug contains vitamin A - 1.52-2.1 mg, vitamin D ₃ - 3-5 mg, vitamin E - 25-30 mg, vitamin K - 0.8-1.0 mg, vitamin H - 0.005 -0.01 mg, vitamin B ₂ - 0.5-1 mg, vitamin B ₆ - 1-1.5 mg, vitamin C - 3-4 mg, selenium - 0.1-0.15 mg, zinc - 0 , 05-0.1 mg, magnesium - 0.10-0.25 mg, solubilizer Solutol HS 15 1.0-20.0, the rest is water.

Solubilizer Solutol HS 15 is an auxiliary and integral component of the feed additive, meets all the requirements of modern, effective solubilizers. Solubilizers - represent a balanced mixture of special selected substances. They increase the solubility of sparingly soluble components in water and water-alcohol solutions. With their help, you can adjust the viscosity of the solution, produce products in other forms (liquid instead of solid), develop new formulations, improve the quality of the products. Since the composition of the drug includes a group of fat-soluble vitamins, namely vitamins A, D, E, K, the solubilizer Solutol HS 15 provides high dissolution efficiency of active substances, i.e. It has a high solubilizing ability and allows sterilization of the solution into which it enters (see website 01.10.12).

Solubilizers are used to create a wide range of different pharmaceutical compositions. For example, as a solubilizer can be used solutol HS 15 in the composition for the treatment of bacterial infections in animals (see US Pat. RU No. 2397753, publ. 08.27.2010); in selenium-containing preparation for the prevention and treatment of microelementosis in farm animals and birds (see US Pat. RU No. 2438666, publ. 10.01.2012); in injectable dosage form for the treatment and prevention of blood-parasitic and invasive diseases (see US Pat. RU No. 2296568, publ. 10.04.2007).

The choice of this ratio of the components of the drug, namely vitamins A, D, E, K, H, B ₂ , B ₆ , C and trace elements selenium, magnesium and zinc, is based on the norms of their daily consumption by the bird and the cumulative properties of the feed additive.

The main component of the drug - selenium has an antimutagenic, anti-teratogenic, radioprotective effect, stimulates antitoxic defense, normalizes the metabolism of nucleic acids and proteins, and is a synergist of fat-soluble vitamins. Mutual protection against oxidative degradation is an integral part of the synergism of vitamin E and selenium. They are indispensable components of the mechanism in which vitamin E is a kind of probe capable of removing a phospholipid molecule subjected to peroxidation from the membrane onto its surface to destroy the peroxide or hydroperoxide fragment by glutathione peroxidase. In addition, selenium is able to activate in the liver, kidneys and other organs the system of oxidative destruction of xenobiotics, toxic metabolites. It is a powerful causative agent of methionine metabolism in the liver. Helps reduce the manifestation of clinical symptoms and pathological changes in the tissues. In turn, vitamins A, D and E, which are part of the complex preparation, affect the state of immunity - the phagocytic, bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum and the content of immunoglobulins in it increase. At the same time, vitamin A is necessary for the normal absorption of zinc - it affects the zinc-binding activity of soluble proteins. It is known that the combined use of vitamins A and D together with zinc improves the assimilation of the latter by 68.3% (according to research by V.K. Bauman, Latvian Institute of Biochemistry, 1975). In turn, zinc is not only an important component of the biosynthesis of vitamin A, but also necessary for the normal course of protein metabolism, affects redox reactions, the activity of catalase, ribonuclease, is involved in the regulation of the endocrine system, and the synthesis of insulin. Ascorbic acid, or vitamin C, also being a synergist of vitamins A and E, is an antioxidant, antihypoxant, participating in a variety of interstitial metabolism reactions as a catalyst, regulates the endocrine system. The work of many researchers noted that a sufficient content of vitamin C in the body of the bird ensures its resistance to various stress factors. The bioavailability of incoming with the developed complex preparation of B vitamins increases due to synergism with cholecalciferol: it improves the absorption of hydrophilic vitamins in the intestine. Vitamin B ₆ , or pyridoxine, is part of more than 50 enzymes, mainly involved in the processes of amino acid synthesis and metabolism, as well as in the phosphorylation of carbohydrates and the metabolism of fatty acids and membrane unsaturated lipids. In addition, it is inextricably linked with the synthesis of coenzyme A from pantothenic acid, which is part of the main glycogen metabolism enzyme. Vitamin K, in turn, is involved in the post-translational carboxylation of glutamic acid residues, thereby being a synergist of selenium and vitamin E, an active component of the coagulation factor biosynthesis system, is involved in oxidative phosphorylation and enhances the action of some steroid hormones. Biotin, or vitamin H, which is part of the developed complex preparation, is an important component in the normal metabolism of poultry of all species, with insufficient intake of it, egg production decreases, plumage quality deteriorates, young hatchability is reduced, liver function and protein synthesis processes are disturbed, higher protein synthesis fatty and nucleic acids. Magnesium is a very physiologically active trace element: it activates the action of many enzymes in the body, the most important oxidative phosphorylation catalyst, participates in protein biosynthesis, carbohydrate and fat metabolism, activates alkaline phosphatase, thereby affecting the egg formation processes in birds (Klopov MI, Maksimov V.I. Biologically active substances in physiological and biochemical processes in the animal organism.St. Petersburg: Doe, 2012, 448 pp .; Maltsev AB, Maltseva N.A., Spiridonov I.P., Davydov V.M. Non-traditional feed and feed new additives for poultry, Omsk, 2005, 704 pp .; Mikulets Yu.I., Tsyganov AR, Tishenkov AN, Fisinin VI, Egorov IA Biochemical and physiological aspects of the interaction of vitamins and bioelements M., 2004, 192 pp .; Orobets V.A., Belyaev V.A., Kireev I.V. Biological role of selenium and selenium deficiency in animals and birds: monograph, Stavropol, 2009; Kennedy J. Selenium and adding value to poultry products, Poultry International, 2011, vol. 50 No. 11, p. 16, 18; Panda AK Alleviate poultry heat stress through antioxidant vitamin supplementation, Poultry International, 2011. Vol. 50 No. 8, p. 20-22; Surai PF Selenium in Nutrition and Health. Nottingham University Press, 2002, p. 974).

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the increase in the productivity of broiler chickens is achieved by normalizing the metabolic processes of the poultry organism and stimulating the body's antioxidant defense system after introducing a complex feed supplement containing lipophilic (A, D, E, K) together with drinking water and hydrophilic (H, B ₂ , B ₆ , C) vitamins and trace elements selenium, magnesium and zinc (1 ml of feed additive contains 1.52-2.1 mg of vitamin A, 3-5 mg of vitamin D ₃ , 25-30 mg Vitamin E, 0.8-1.0 mg Vitamin K, 0.005-0.01 mg Vitamin amine N, 0.5-1 mg of vitamin B ₂ , 1-1.5 mg of vitamin B ₆ , 3-4 mg of vitamin C, 0.1-0.15 mg of selenium, 0.05-0.1 mg of zinc, 0.10-0.25 mg of magnesium).

The result that can be achieved using the present invention is the normalization of metabolic processes, activation of the antioxidant defense system of the body, an increase in feed conversion rates, an intensive increase in live weight.

The result is achieved subject to the conditions of the process, namely:

- the use of feed additives orally with drinking water in compliance with the rules of asepsis and antiseptics;

- the complex must be used in a dose of 1.0 ml per 1 liter of drinking water;

- the course of use twice in the periods from 12 to 16 and from 27 to 31 days of poultry rearing;

- should not be used in combination with other selenium and vitamin-containing preparations.

Brief description of drawings and other materials

Table 1 gives a way to increase the productivity of poultry, the scheme of the experiment.

Table 2 shows the same hematological and biochemical studies.

Table 3 shows the same dynamics of live weight gain and feed conversion rates.

The implementation of the invention

Examples of specific performance of the method of increasing the productivity of poultry.

Five groups of Ross-308 cross broilers were formed, which are fed with compound feed and a feed supplement containing vitamin A - 1.52-2.1 mg, vitamin D ₃ - 3-5 mg, vitamin E - 25- 30 mg, vitamin K - 0.8-1.0 mg, vitamin H - 0.005-0.01 mg, vitamin B ₂ - 0.5-1 mg, vitamin B ₆ - 1-1.5 mg, vitamin C - 3-4 mg, selenium - 0.1-0.15 mg, zinc - 0.05-0.1 mg, magnesium - 0.10-0.25 mg, solubilizer Solutol HS 15 1.0-20.0, the rest water, which is introduced continuously together with drinking water in the periods from 12 to 16 and from 27 to 31 days of poultry rearing. The study design is shown in table 1.

Example. The first group serves as a control; chickens of the second group used an analogue drug selected for the prototype, according to the instructions for use; the chickens of the third group are fed a feed supplement with drinking water at a dose of 0.5 ml per 1 liter of drinking water; the fourth group - 1.0 ml per 1 liter of drinking water; the fifth group - 2.0 ml per 1 liter of drinking water, while young broiler chickens are reared in the cells of an experimental fragment of a three-tiered cell battery with a microclimate optimization system (dispatch unit, heater, humidifier, three-speed fan) manufactured by Pyatigorskselmash OJSC and lighting fluorescent lamps with adjustable illumination, LLC "Microel". The main microclimate parameters are maintained according to the recommendations of VNITIP.

Poultry is fed ad libitum with granular feed PK-5-2 (for broilers 15-28 days) and PK-5-3 (for broilers from 29 days) consisting of wheat, extruded soybeans, sunflower cake, corn, peas, salt, chalk , vitamins, amino acids, trace elements, enzymes, prebiotics, probiotics, antioxidants (produced according to STB 1842-2008). To determine the effect of the feed additive with this ratio of components on the broiler chickens, hematological and biochemical studies are carried out, which are presented in table 2 and assess the degree of positive influence of the feed supplement application on productivity indicators, namely the increase in live weight and feed conversion, which are given in table 3.

When determining hematological parameters, the methods presented by I.P. Kondrakhin, II.V. Kurilova et al., In addition, in the process of studying the biochemical parameters of blood, reagent sets “BIO-TEST-LOKHEMA” are used.

The variation series obtained during the experiment were characterized by the following indicators:

1) arithmetic mean value (M);

2) quadratic deviation (σ);

3) the error of the arithmetic mean value or the mean square error (m).

The indicator of the significant difference (t) is calculated and, taking into account the number of measurements in the table t - Student's distribution, the probability of difference (P) is determined. The difference is considered statistically significant, starting with values of P <0.05. In this case, the correct conclusion about the existence of differences in values can be confirmed in 95% of cases.

The results of hematological and biochemical studies conducted to determine the optimal scheme for increasing productivity are presented in table 2.

The data obtained during the analysis of the morphological composition of blood in poultry of the studied groups indicate that after the use of a new feed supplement, there is an increase in the number of red blood cells in the third group - by 2.97% and 1.60%, in the fourth group - by 6.49% and 5.06%, in the fifth group - by 4.59% and 3.20% in comparison with the control group and the second group, respectively. At the same time, an increase in the amount of hemoglobin was noted: in the third group - by 1.12% and 3.10%, in the fourth group - by 4.86% and 6.92%, in the fifth group - by 4.59% and 7 , 78% compared with the first and second groups, respectively.

The obtained data on the concentration of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood of the bird did not go beyond the physiological norm, however, it is worth noting that a significant increase in the concentrations of indicators in groups No. 4 and No. 5 indicates a positive stimulating effect of the new complex feed supplement on hematopoiesis.

During the experiment, the activity of aminotransferases in the blood serum of birds of all groups was studied. It was found that the content of alanine aminotransferase is higher in the third group by 6.98% compared with the control, in the fourth group by 11.63% and 4.35% in comparison with the first and second groups, in the fifth group - by 25.56% and 17.39%, respectively. In turn, the concentration of the aspartate aminotransferase enzyme was lower in comparison with the control group and the group that used the prototype drug in all three groups: in the third group - by 11.47% and 3.57%; in the fourth group - by 14.75% and 7.14%; in the fifth group - by 22.95% and 16.07%. The data obtained, which do not go beyond the physiological norm, indicate that the use of our new feed supplement improves the speed and quality of protein metabolism. However, it is worth noting that such a significant increase in the concentration of liver enzymes in the fifth group is likely to be associated with an excessive accumulation of fat-soluble vitamins in the liver, and despite the fact that the indicators do not go beyond the upper limits of the norm, this is an undesirable effect.

Markers of lipid peroxidation processes in animals and birds are serum concentrations of catalase and malondialdehyde. A significant increase in catalase concentration was noted in all groups: in the third - by 42.30% and 2.78%, in the fourth group - by 51.28% and 9.26%, in the fifth group - by 55.13% and 12, 04%) compared with the first and second group, respectively. In addition, a similar positive dynamics was observed in the content of malondialdehyde: in the third group, a decrease of 53.98% and 3.57%, in the fourth group - by 57.95% and 11.90%, in the fifth group - by 57.39% and 10.7% compared with the first and second groups, respectively. The data obtained indicate an improvement in the work of the body's antioxidant defense system in the experimental groups as compared with the control, in addition, the use of a new vitamin-mineral complex feed additive in all studied concentrations exceeds the analogue indicators.

An assessment of the degree of positive influence of the feed supplement application regimen on productivity indicators, namely the increase in live weight and feed conversion, is given in table 3.

After analyzing all the data obtained, it can be concluded that the use of a feed additive in a dose of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ml per liter of drinking water does not have a depressing effect not only on hematopoiesis, but also on the metabolic processes of the bird's body as a whole. However, the most pronounced positive effect that exceeded not only the control group, but also the analogue drug was noted when using a feed additive in a dose of 1.0 ml per liter of water - it has a positive effect on blood formation, stimulates metabolic processes, but does not cause overproduction of liver enzymes , promotes the timely elimination of unoxidized products of lipid peroxidation.

The effectiveness of the use of the feed additive is also confirmed by the data on the dynamics of live weight gain and feed conversion, presented in table 2 - at the time of the end of the experiment, the live weight in group No. 4 was 17.74% and 14.56% higher in comparison with the control group and group the use of an analogue drug, respectively, and the feed conversion rate improved by 21.79%.

The invention in comparison with the prototype and other known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- increase the dynamics of growth in live weight of broiler chickens;

- increase the efficiency of assimilation of nutrients of the feed;

- normalization of metabolic processes;

- activation of the antioxidant defense system of the body;

- increase in feed conversion rates.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the productivity of poultry, including feeding it compound feed with a feed additive containing a vitaminizing component, characterized in that the feed additive further comprises mineral components selenium, magnesium and zinc, the solutolizer Solutol HS 15 and water, while the feed additive is an aqueous solution of stabilized particles selenium, magnesium and zinc, lipophilic (A, D, E, K) and hydrophilic (H, B ₂ , B ₆ , C) vitamins and solubilizer Solutol HS 15 in the following ratio of milligram components in 1 ml:
vitamin a 1.52-2.1 mg vitamin D ₃ 3-5 mg vitamin e 25-30 mg vitamin K 0.8-1.0 mg vitamin h 0.005-0.01 mg vitamin b 0.5-1 mg vitamin B ₆ 1-1.5 mg vitamin c 3-4 mg selenium 0.1-0.15 mg zinc 0.05-0.1 mg magnesium 0.10-0.25 mg solubilizer Solutol HS 15 1,0-20,0 water rest,
which is administered continuously twice with drinking water in the periods from 12 to 16 and from 27 to 31 days of poultry rearing at a dose of 1.0 ml per 1 liter of drinking water.