RU2332853C1 - Method of growing hypo-trophic chicken - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: in the period from the first till the fifth day of the life of hypo-trophic chicken into their starter ration is additionally introduced the compound Microvit™ B₃ Promix Niacin, produced by "Lonza AG" Switzerland in the form of a powder at the rate of 60 mg per kg of mixed fodder.

EFFECT: improved method of growing chicken.

8 tbl

Description

The invention relates to poultry and can be used for growing poultry, in particular broilers both in large poultry farms, and in private or farming.

The well-known “Method for the treatment of physiologically immature hypotrophic chickens”, in which, to stimulate the growth of chickens, is treated indoors with an aerosol with a Timogen biostimulator (see RF Patent 32058735, A01K 67/02, Publ. 27.04.96 Bull. No. 12). With good application results, the method requires the use of special equipment (aerosol hyperators), scarce drugs and additional labor costs for poultry workers.

There is also a method of increasing the productivity of broiler chickens, in which, when feeding the starting diet, the enzyme preparation Avisin 1200 is introduced with a created deficiency of vitamins A, D and calcium (see RF Patent No. 2275804, A01K 67/02, Published on 05/10/2006. Bull. No. 13). With the high gains shown by the authors, this method significantly changes the feeding technologies adopted in industrial poultry farming and is of interest mainly to researchers and breeders.

Industrial schemes and technologies for broiler feeding are also known, in which vitamins in certain recommended amounts are introduced into diets. In particular, broiler chickens are recommended to introduce nicotinic acid (B vitamins) into the diet, including Niacin in the amount of 10-30 mg / kg of feed (see. Industrial poultry farming. Comp .: V.I. Fisinin, G.A. .Tardatyan. - M., Agropromizdat, 1991 - p. 185). However, the recommendations require clarification and gradation aimed at increasing the productivity of poultry farming, in particular in relation to the initial mass of chickens, especially weakened hypotrophic chickens with a reduced initial mass and developmental delay.

The objective of the invention is to develop a method for growing and increasing the productivity of hypotrophic chickens and the scientific justification of the doses and forms of administration of the drug, in particular nicotinic acid preparations, with a minimum of costs for growing hypotrophic broilers with obtaining high-quality food products in poultry farming.

The problem is solved by the fact that when using the dry type of compound feed feeding, an increased dose of the drug Microwit ^tm B ₃ Promix Niacin in the form of powder produced by Lonza AG is additionally introduced into the starter diet of hypotrophic chickens (broilers) with a reduced initial weight during the first 5 days of feeding , Switzerland (hereinafter “Niacin") in the amount of 60 mg / kg of feed, which, as studies have shown, stimulates the growth of hypotrophic broilers and brings their mass to the end of feeding to chickens with a normal initial weight, leading to an increase in their product ivnosti when growing tissue structure and change with minimal cost and increase product quality.

An unobvious effect of the proposed method of growing is that due to the introduction of an additionally increased dose of the Niacin preparation (60 mg / kg of feed) into the starter diet of hypotrophic chickens, hypotrophic chickens reach normrophy mass by the end of broiler feeding, with a minimum of expenses for rearing and without the use of additional synthetic growth stimulants or antibiotics, obtaining environmentally friendly poultry products, through experimentally sound use of additional increased doses of the drug a nicotinic acid group - "Niacin".

After conducting numerous laboratory studies and stage experiments of the proposed method for growing hypotrophic chickens with the rationale for an additional dose of Niacin in the starter diet (60 mg / kg) and obtaining positive results, production tests and studies were conducted under industrial production conditions.

Production studies to substantiate the method were carried out in the broiler chicken breeding workshop at the Sredneuralskaya poultry farm using dry feed and drip drinkers. The entire experiment was carried out in building No. 31. Groups of broiler chickens were planted in KBU-3 cages.

The material for the study was broilers of the cross "Smena-4". The main active part of the experiment is the period from daily to 5 days of age (starter diet), and from 6 to 40 days the continuation (aftereffect) of the experiment (the usual diet of compound feed for all groups).

In the experiment, broiler chickens were divided according to their initial mass into hypertrophies (43 g and more), normotrophies (40-42 g) and hypotrophies (39 g and less).

There were 5 groups in total:

Group 1 - hypertrophics (chicken weight 43 g or more), they were fed compound feed manufactured at the Sredneuralskaya poultry farm (OR).

Group 2 - normotrophics (chicken weight 40-42 g), they were fed compound feed manufactured at the Sredneuralskaya poultry farm (OR).

Group 3 - malnutrition (chicken weight 39 g or less), they fed compound feed manufactured at the Sredneuralskaya poultry farm (OR).

Group 4 (experimental) - malnutrition (chicken weight 39 g and less), they were fed compound feed of the poultry farm (OR) + Niacin 60 mg / kg compound feed (in dry form).

And one control group - group 5 - unsorted chickens (weight from 38 to 44 g), they fed compound feed made at the Sredneuralskaya poultry farm (OR).

The research scheme is presented in table 1.

Table 1
Experience outline Group No. Indicators Live mass, g The composition of the diet one Hypertrophy 43 and more OR 2 Normotrophics 40-42 OR 3 g Hypotrophics (g) 39 and less OR 4 g.o. Hypotrophics (experimental) 39 and less RR + Niacin 60 mg / kg 5 K. Unsorted (k) 38-44 OR

In the course of research, the following indicators were taken into account in the experiment:

1. The live weight of broiler chickens weekly (1, 7, 14, 28, 35, 40), g

2. Culling and death, their causes, goal

3. The safety of the livestock, goals.,%

4. The average daily gain in live weight, g

5. Feed consumption per 1 kg of increase, kg

6. The cost of feed per 1 ton of gain in live weight of broiler chicken, t

7. Histological examination of muscle tissue

8. Economic calculations of the results, rub.

The dynamics of the live weight of broiler chickens is shown in table 2.

table 2
The dynamics of the live weight of broiler chickens, g age days GROUPS one 2 3 g 4 g.o. 5 K. 1 (start) 43 and more 40-42 39 and less 39 and less 38-44 7 120.7 ± 2.22 118.6 ± 2.36 102.4 ± 2.19 105.1 ± 3.26 114.4 ± 2.95 fourteen 288.3 ± 10.65 257.8 ± 9.57 251 ± 7.82 265.3 ± 8.64 271.2 ± 7.75 28 628.6 ± 17.89 599.2 ± 17.81 541.4 ± 16.39 582.9 ± 17.69 539.8 ± 14.96 35 1398 ± 37.98 1360.8 ± 26.79 1331.7 ± 30.02 1352.9 ± 36.47 1351.7 ± 30.51 40 1487 ± 32.84 1524.5 ± 38.74 1483.7 ± 41.72 1588.9 ± 44.30 1478.1 ± 35.65 * * - the difference is not reliable.

The results of table 2 show that at 7 days in the experimental group (4 g.o.), where an increased dose of Niacin was introduced into the diet, live weight increased by 2.6% compared to group 3. At 40 days in group 4, live weight increased by 7.1% relative to group 3 and exceeded the weight in groups 1.2 and 5 by 6.8%, 4.2% and 7.5%, respectively. In group 4, live weight is greater compared to others, because Niacin, in an increased dose (60 mg / kg), is synthesized in the poultry organism in the gastrointestinal tract using microorganisms during the starter period and also in tissues during the conversion of tryptophan to nicotine acid. Since tryptophan is a sulfur-containing substance, and sulfur is necessary for the bird to build a feather, an additional dose of traptophan is not spent on the structure of the feather, but on the growth of muscle tissue and the mass of chickens.

The dynamics of daily average growth, mortality and safety are shown in tables 3 and 4.

Table 3
The dynamics of daily average growth, g The dynamics of daily average growth, g, age, days GROUP one 2 3 g 4 g.o. 5 K. 1 (initial mass) 44 41 38 38 42 7 10.9 11.1 9.2 9,4 10.3 fourteen 17.5 15,5 15,2 16,2 16,4 28 20.9 19.9 17.9 19.5 " 17.8 35 38.7 37.7 36.9 37.6 37,4 40 36.1 37.1 36.1 38.8 35.9

According to table 3, we can conclude that the highest average daily gain in live weight of chickens is observed in groups 1, 2, and 4, and the lowest - in group 3 (hypotrophic on a normal diet).

An analysis of the data in Table 5 shows that the live weight of broiler chickens in experimental group 4, where hypothyroidism was fed compound feed with an increased dose of Niacin in all age periods, was higher than in group 3, and compared to group 5 k by day 14. (unsorted).

Table 4
Case and safety,% age days Group one 2 3 g 4 g.o. 5k. 1-5 one - one one one fourteen - one - - - 28 - - one - one 35 - one - one - 40 one - one one - Total 2 2 3 3 2 Preservation,% 93.3 93.3 90 90 93.3 Table 5
Dynamics of hypotrophic development in live weight, g Group No. Live weight (g) in age, days one 7 fourteen 28 35 40 3 g 39 and less 102,4 251.0 541.4 1331.7 1483.7 4 A.A. 39 and less 105.1 265.3 582.9 1352.9 1588.9 5 K. 38-44 114.4 271.2 539.8 1351.7 1478.1

So, compared with the 3rd group, the live weight in the 4th experimental group of hypotrophic is higher on the 7th day by 2.6%, in 14 days by 5.6% in 28 days by 7.16%, in 35 days by 1.2% and in 40 days by 7.1%. The difference in days 28 and 40 between groups 3 and 5 is insignificant. This suggests that an increased dose of “Niacin” in the 4th group of hypotrophs gives a positive non-obvious result, bringing the mass of hypotrophics closer to the 28th day of feeding to the mass in the control group.

The biological usefulness in the muscle tissue of the grown chickens was evaluated by the ratio of tryptophan to hydroxyproline in the pectoral muscle, where tryptophan is an indicator of complete proteins, and oxyproline is an indicator of defective connective proteins. The higher the indicator of this ratio, the less connective proteins in meat and its quality is higher

Adding hypotrophic increased doses of “Niacin” to the starter diet of chickens in the first 5 days of life had a beneficial effect on the formation of muscle tissue (table 6).

Table 6
Muscle fiber biochemistry and broiler performance Indicator Groups Experience (4 g.o.) Control (5 K.) Moisture contents, % 73.74 ± 0.12 74.12 ± 0.24 Oxyproline, mg% 12.66 ± 2.05 12.81 ± 2.34 Tryptophan, mg% 142.0 ± 2.0 130.0 ± 2.0 Tript / hydroxyproline 12.35 ± 2.17 11.77 ± 1.73

During histological examination, the muscles of chickens of the 4th group had a more mature type (as in an adult bird): striated striation is well pronounced, less proliferating cells are observed. In muscle samples of chickens of other groups, striated striation is also clearly represented, but proliferation of cells of the intermediate substance is observed.

When conducting this experiment, along with other tasks, the task was to determine the estimated economic efficiency of using an increased dose of "Niacin" in the feeding of hypotrophic chickens (broilers) of the Smena-4 cross. The calculation of gross growth and economic efficiency are presented in tables 7 and 8.

Table 7 Gross Growth Calculation No. Indicator unit of measurement Group Normal option New option Basic version one 2 3 g 4 g.o. 5 K. one Livestock at the beginning of the experiment goals 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 2 Livestock at the end of the experiment goals 930 930 900. 900 930 3 Safety % 93 93 90 90 93 four Average live weight of chickens g 44 41 38 38 42 5 The average live weight at the end of cultivation g 1487.9 1524.5 1483.7 1588.9 1478.1 6 Total live weight at the end of cultivation kg 1383.75 1417.79 1335.33 1430.01 1374.63 7 Total live weight at the beginning of cultivation kg 44 41 38 38 42 8 Gross mass gain (calculated) kg 1339.75 1376.79 1297,33 1392.01 1332.63

The data in table 7 on the estimated gross increase in live weight for the proposed new option and the base case were used to calculate economic efficiency by the effect of introducing additional increased doses of Niacin into the starter diet of hypotrophic chickens in table 8.

Table 8
Economic efficiency according to the influence of Niacin on the live weight of broiler chickens (hypotrophic) No. Indicator Unit of measurement Group Option 3 g. New option 4 g.o. The basic version is 5 k. one Gross Growth by Group kg 1337.93 1455.79 1332.63 2 Cost of gain in live weight (at a selling price of 39.43 rubles / kg) rub. 52,754.58 57401.79 52545.6 3 The cost of additional input of niacin (at a price of 70 rubles / kg) rub. - 1.12 - four Production cost of growth of 1 kg of live weight rub. 35 35 35 5 Production costs for all products from 1000 heads rub. 46827.55 50,953.77 46642.15 6 Net income per 1000 goals rub. 5927.03 6448.02 5903.45

From table 8 it is seen that the estimated income per head of unsorted chickens (group 5k.) Is 5.9 rubles., Sorted 5.93 rubles., Sorted hypotrophy using the introduction of high doses of "Niacin" 6.45 rubles. This is 0.5% and 9.3%, respectively, are higher than in the base case, which convincingly proves the prospects of the proposed method and the possibility of its implementation in industrial poultry farming.

Claims (1)

A method of growing hypotrophic chickens, including feeding the starter diet and mixed feed of the general diet, characterized in that in the period from the first to the fifth day of life of hypotrophic chickens, the drug Microvit ™ B ₃ Promix Niacin in the form of powder produced by Lonza AG is additionally introduced into the starting diet Switzerland, at a rate of 60 mg per kg of feed.