RU2310518C1 - Two-staged dust catching apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: dust catching technique.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has cyclone and fine filter. Cyclone has casing, perforated gas flow inlet, axial discharge branch pipe for purified gas, and is joined to acoustic column. Lower part of acoustic column is connected to peripheral gas flow inlet of cyclone. Sound vibrations generator is connected to control unit. Fine filter is made in the form of hose-type filter with regeneration system. Hose-type filter has body integral with cover, wherein filter assembly with hose-type filtering members, boxes for admission of contaminated air and discharge of purified air, hopper-type accumulator with continuous dust discharge device are located. Temperature sensor is positioned within filter assembly casing. Emergency dust level sensor is positioned within dust collecting hopper. In discharge box there are thermal automatic sensor-detector whose outputs are connected to single microprocessor positioned in control chamber, and collector with nozzles for connection to fire-fighting system having control unit connected to single microprocessor. Filtering member recovering system is made in the form of shaking frame with vibrator and comprises control unit connected through electronic communication with single microprocessor.

EFFECT: increased dust catching efficiency.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to techniques for dust collection and can be used in chemical, textile, food, light and other industries for the purification of dusty gases.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object is a dust collection unit containing a cyclone and a filter connected to each other by a duct so that the outlet of the cyclone is connected to the inlet of the filter, and the cyclone includes a housing consisting of a cylindrical and conical parts, inlet and outlet pipes, an exhaust pipe , and the filter contains a housing with a lid, a filter section, a hopper, inlet and outlet pipes, a regeneration system and a regeneration control unit (pr. Morgulis ML and other bag filters. M .: Mashin construction, 1977, c.104 - prototype).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the relatively low efficiency of dust collection due to the partial return of fine dust to the axial nozzle.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of dust collection.

This is achieved by the fact that in the installation of an acoustic dust collecting unit containing a cyclone and a filter, interconnected by an air duct in such a way that the outlet of the cyclone is connected to the inlet of the filter, the cyclone including a housing consisting of a cylindrical and conical parts, an inlet and an outlet pipe, an exhaust pipe, and the filter contains a housing with a lid, a filter section, a hopper, an inlet and an outlet, a regeneration system and a regeneration control unit, the cyclone contains a housing consisting of cylindrical and conical parts, races the peripheral inlet of the gas flow and the axial outlet of the purified gas located in its upper part, an acoustic column with an acoustic oscillation generator located in the upper part, an acoustic column in its lower part is connected to the peripheral inlet of the gas flow, the acoustic oscillator being connected to the control unit, and the thin filter is made in the form of a bag filter with a regeneration system, containing a single housing with a roof, in which a filter block with filter elements of bag type, a box for I enter the polluted air into the unit and a box for clean air to exit the unit, a bunker drive with a continuous waste discharge device containing a hopper, a lock, a screw discharge mechanism, a filter element regeneration system made in the form of a shaking frame with a vibrator, and in the filter block case a temperature sensor is installed, in the dust collection hopper - an emergency dust level sensor, in the output box - a thermal automatic detector detector, the outputs of which are connected to a common microprocessor, is located m in the cabinet, and installed in the outlet duct manifold with nozzles for connection to the fire extinguishing system, a control unit which is connected to a common microprocessor and the system comprises a bag filter regeneration control unit which is connected electronic communication with a common microprocessor.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the installation of acoustic dust removal, figure 2 is a diagram of the fire and explosion safety of the filter.

The acoustic dust collecting unit consists of a cyclone 5 and a thin 17 filters, interconnected by an elastic air duct 7 so that the output 2 of the preliminary filter is connected to the input 13 of the thin filter. The cyclone contains a housing consisting of a cylindrical 5 and conical 6 parts, a peripheral gas inlet 1 and an axial outlet pipe 4 of purified gas located in its upper part, an acoustic column 8 with an acoustic oscillation generator located in the upper part, the acoustic column in its lower part is connected a bypass outlet with a peripheral input 1 of the gas stream, and the sound oscillation generator 8 is connected by a link 11 to the control unit 12, and the input of polluted air is carried out through the pipe 10.

The optimal parameters for sound processing are: sound pressure level in the range of 130 ... 145 dB, sound frequency in the range of 900 ... 2000 Hz, sound time in the range of 1.5 ... 2.5 s, dust concentration in air flow - not less than 2 g / m ³ , and for vibration processing: vibration level in the range of 70 ... 85 dB, vibration frequency in the range of 31.5 ... 125 Hz, exposure time 5 s with an interval of 30 s, dust concentration in the air stream - not less than 0.5 g / m ³ .

The thin filter is designed as a bag filter with a regeneration system and contains a single housing with a roof 17, in which a filter block 14 with filter elements 15 of a bag type, a box 13 for entering contaminated air into the unit and a box 16 for leaving clean air from the unit, a hopper storage 20 with a device for continuous discharge of waste, containing a hopper, a lock, a screw discharge mechanism, a regeneration system of filter elements 18 of a sleeve type, made in the form of a shaking frame with a vibrator, as well as a ladder 19 and a flat ku for filter maintenance. The unloading device can be of two types: unloading based on a screw conveyor and unloading based on a chain conveyor. The installation is completed with a control cabinet and a remote control panel for the unloading system and the water supply system in case of fire and a backup powder fire extinguishing system (not shown in the drawing).

A temperature sensor 21 is installed in the filter block housing, an emergency dust level sensor 22 is installed in the dust collection bin, a thermal automatic detector-detector 23 is installed in the output box, the outputs of which are connected to a common microprocessor 24 located in the control cabinet 25 (Fig. 2) and in the outlet box there is a collector 26 with nozzles 27 for connection to a fire extinguishing system, the control unit 28 of which is connected to a common microprocessor 24, and the bag filter regeneration system 29 contains a control unit 30, which is electronically connected to microprocessor 24.

Housing and fencing parts are made of structural composite or polymeric materials, such as polyethylene, kapron, polyurethane by casting, stamping, welding, molding, and on the surface of the fencing parts a layer of soft vibration-damping material is applied, for example, type of mastic “VD-17” or “ Gerlen-D ”, and the ratio between the thickness of the material and the vibration damping coating is in the optimal range of values: 1 / (2.5 ... 4), and a layer of sound-absorbing material is fixed over the vibration damping layer la, for example the type "vinipor", "akmigran" with acoustically transparent protective film of the type "poviden".

The dust collection bin is made in a conical or pyramidal shape with an angle of inclination of the walls exceeding the angle of repose of the captured dust, and in the filter unit the filter elements of the bag-type are arranged in straight rows or in a checkerboard pattern, with the ratio of the length of the sleeve L to its diameter D being in the optimal range values: L / D = 15 ... 40, which is due to optimal conditions for the regeneration of filter elements of the bag-type.

As the material of filtering bag elements, they are used as woven materials with weaving methods: linen, twill, satin; with the types of fibers in the thread: staple, filament, textured; with surface treatment: smooth and brushed, and non-woven with methods of fixing fibers: needle-punched, canvas-stitched and glued, obtained by the above methods from natural fibers of animal and vegetable origin, artificial organic fibers (lavsan, nitron, capron, chlorine, oxalone, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride , ftoroplast, teflon, etc.), artificial inorganic fibers (for example, glass fiber).

Installation acoustic dust removal works as follows.

The dusty gas stream is supplied through the pipe 10 to an acoustic column 8, the sound vibration parameters of which are adjusted from the control unit 12. In the sound column 8, dust particles are separated from the air, since under the influence of the sound field and the associated vibrational processes occurring in the air , dust particles coagulate, and large particles settle down the columns, from where the air stream enters the secondary cleaning in the cyclone through the duct 9 to the input 1. Here it is twisted due to the tangential peripheral input and screw-shaped cover 3. Then sent along a downward helical line along the walls of the apparatus. As a result, dust particles under the action of centrifugal force move from the center of the apparatus to the periphery and, reaching the walls of the apparatus, are transported down to the conical part 6 of the housing to collect the captured dust. Pre-cleaned air is discharged from the cyclone through the outlet 4. In this case, light, finely dispersed fractions of dust particles not trapped in the conical part of the housing are retained on a thin filter 17 connected to it by air ducts 2 and 7.

After preliminary cleaning in the cyclone 5, the gas enters the box 13 for the entry of contaminated air into the thin filter 17, then into the filter unit 14 with filter elements 15 bag type. Dust is deposited on the inner surface of the sleeves and periodically discharged from them by the regeneration system 18 of the filter elements, made in the form of a shaking frame with a vibrator. Dust is poured into the hopper 20, from where it is removed from the filter through the airlock via a screw discharge mechanism. For filter maintenance, a ladder 19 and a platform are provided. The unloading device can be of two types: unloading based on a screw conveyor and unloading based on a chain conveyor. The unit is equipped with a control cabinet with a microprocessor controlled by regeneration, unloading and fire fighting systems.

The signals from the temperature sensor 21, the emergency dust level sensor 22, the thermal automatic detector sensor 23 are fed to the input of a common microprocessor 24 located in the control cabinet 25 (Fig. 2); wherein the control unit 28 of the fire extinguishing system and the control unit 30 of the bag filter regeneration system are also electronically connected to a common microprocessor 24. If the controlled process parameters detected by the respective sensors deviate, the common microprocessor 24 generates control signals for the fire extinguishing system control unit and the system control unit bag filter regeneration.

The specific gas load on the filter is selected taking into account the physicochemical properties of the dust and gas stream for each specific process.

In the apparatus there is a decrease in vibro-acoustic energy, since the filter elements are simultaneously an aerodynamic silencer of active (sorption) type noise. Dust collectors of this type are designed for central aspiration systems.

The hydraulic resistance of the filter element is 15 ... 25% of the hydraulic resistance of the entire apparatus, and the material of the filter element has increased sound absorbing properties.

Claims (2)

1. Installation of acoustic dust removal containing a cyclone and a thin filter, interconnected by a duct so that the outlet of the cyclone is connected to the inlet of the filter, characterized in that the cyclone contains a housing consisting of a cylindrical and conical parts located in its upper part peripheral gas inlet flow and an axial outlet pipe of purified gas, and is connected to the acoustic column with an acoustic oscillation generator located in its upper part, while the acoustic column is connected in its lower part and with the peripheral inlet of the cyclone gas stream, the sound generator is connected to the control unit, the thin filter is made in the form of a bag filter with a regeneration system containing a single housing with a roof, in which a filter block with filter elements of the bag type, a box for the entry of polluted air and a box for clean air outlet, a bunker drive with a continuous dust discharge device, containing a hopper, a lock, an auger discharge mechanism, a temperature sensor is installed in the filter unit housing, in the hopper Dust collector - an emergency dust level sensor, in the output box - a thermal automatic detector detector, the outputs of which are connected to a common microprocessor located in the control cabinet, and a collector with nozzles for connecting to the fire extinguishing system is installed in the output box, the control unit of which is connected with a common microprocessor, and the regeneration system of the filter elements is made in the form of a shaking frame with a vibrator and contains a control unit that is electronically connected to a common microprocessor. 2. The acoustic dust collecting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the thin filter dust collecting bin is conical or pyramidal with an angle of inclination of the walls exceeding the angle of repose of the captured dust, and in the filter block the filtering elements of the bag type are arranged in straight rows or in staggered, and the ratio of the length of the sleeve L to its diameter D is in the optimal range of values L / D = 15 ÷ 40, and as the material of the filtering sleeve elements are used as woven materials with methods and weaving: linen, twill, satin; with the types of fibers in the thread: staple, filament, textured; with surface treatment: smooth and brushed, and non-woven with methods of fixing fibers: needle-punched, canvas-stitched and glued, obtained by the above methods from natural fibers of animal or vegetable origin, artificial organic fibers: lavsan, nitron, capron, chlorine, oxalone, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride , fluoroplastic, teflon or artificial inorganic fibers, for example glass fibers.

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