RU2302283C1 - Device for dust separation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: dust collection.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises cyclone and fine filter that are interconnected. The cyclone is composed of cylindrical and conical sections, peripheral branch pipe for supplying gas and axial branch pipe for discharging cleaned gas, and acoustical tower connected with the axial outlet branch pipe and provided with conical deflecting washer. The greater base of the washer bears on the bottom base of the tower. The space defined by the surfaces of the deflecting washer and the tower is connected with the peripheral inlet for gas flow through the by-pass branch pipe. The top section of the acoustical tower receives the outlet branch pipe for cleaned gas and generator of sound vibration connected with the control unit. The fine filter is made of a hose filter provided with the system of regeneration. The filter has a single housing provided with the lid. The housing receives the filtering member of hose type, ducts for supplying contaminated air and discharging the cleaned air, hopper provided with the device for continuous discharging of the waste and having hopper, intermediate chamber, and screw mechanism for discharging. The system of regeneration of filtering members is made of a frame provided with the vibrator for shaking. The housing of the filter block receives temperature gage. The hopper for collecting dust receives the alarm dust level pickup. The outlet duct receives the heat automatic alarm pickup whose outputs are connected with the common microprocessor mounted in the control unit. The outlet duct receives the collector provided with nozzles for connecting with the system of fire-fighting whose control unit is connected with the common microprocessor. The system of regeneration of hose filters has the control unit that is connected with the common microprocessor and outstanding control desk.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of dust collecting.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to techniques for dust collection and can be used in chemical, textile, food, light and other industries for the purification of dusty gases.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object is a dust collection unit containing a cyclone containing a housing consisting of a cylindrical and conical parts, a peripheral gas inlet and an axial outlet of the purified gas located in its upper part, an acoustic column with an acoustic oscillator located in the upper part (V. Strauss. Industrial gas purification. M: Chemistry, 1981, p. 532, Fig. 11-7a.) - prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the relatively low efficiency of dust collection due to the partial return of fine dust to the axial nozzle.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of dust collection.

This is achieved by the fact that in a dust-collecting installation consisting of a preliminary and fine filters interconnected by an air duct in such a way that the output of the preliminary filter is connected to the input of a thin one, the preliminary filter contains a housing consisting of cylindrical and conical parts located in its upper part the gas flow inlet and the axial outlet of the purified gas, the speaker in its lower part is connected to the axial outlet of the purified gas and contains a conical a washer installed with its large base in the lower base of the column, and the cavity formed by the surfaces of the jack washer and column is connected bypass to the peripheral input of the gas stream, and at the top of the acoustic column there is a purified gas outlet pipe, and the sound generator is connected to the unit management.

The drawing shows a General view of the installation of acoustic dust collection.

The acoustic dust collecting unit consists of a cyclone 5 and a thin 17 filter, interconnected by an air duct 11 so that the outlet 2 of the cyclone is connected to the input 21 of the thin filter. The cyclone contains an inlet pipe 1 and an outlet pipe 2, a screw-shaped cover 3, an exhaust pipe 4, a cylindrical part of the body 5, a conical part 6 of the body and an acoustic column 7, which in its lower part is connected to the axial outlet pipe 2 of the purified gas and contains a conical breaker 10, mounted with its large base in the lower base of the speaker, and the cavity formed by the surfaces of the baffle plate 10 and the body of the column 7 is connected bypass bypass 8 to the peripheral input 9 of the gas stream, and in part of the speaker are located the outlet pipe 11 of the purified gas and the sound oscillation generator connected by a chain 12 to the control unit 13. The optimal parameters for sound processing are: sound pressure level in the range 130 ... 145 dB, sound frequency in the range 900 .. .2000 Hz, dubbing time in the range of 1.5 ... 2.5 s, dust concentration in the air stream at least 2 g / m ³ . This range of parameters contributes to a more intensive passage of the acoustic coagulation process.

The thin filter is designed as a bag filter with a regeneration system and contains a single housing with a roof 17, in which a filter block 14 with filter elements 15 of a bag type, a box 21 for entering contaminated air into the unit and a box 16 for leaving clean air from the unit, a hopper storage 20 with a device for continuous discharge of waste, containing a hopper, a lock, a screw discharge mechanism, a regeneration system of filter elements 18 of a sleeve type, made in the form of a shaking frame with a vibrator, as well as a ladder 19 and a flat ku for filter maintenance. The unloading device can be of two types: unloading based on a screw conveyor and unloading based on a chain conveyor. The installation is completed with a control cabinet and a remote control panel, an unloading system and a water supply system in case of fire and a backup powder fire extinguishing system (not shown in the drawing).

A temperature sensor is installed in the filter block housing, an emergency dust level sensor in the dust collection bin, a thermal automatic detector detector in the output box, the outputs of which are connected to a common microprocessor located in the control cabinet (not shown in the drawing), and in the output a box has a collector with nozzles for connection to a fire extinguishing system, the control unit of which is connected to a common microprocessor, and the bag filter regeneration system contains a control unit that is electronically connected to a microprocessor, and a remote control panel, an unloading system, and a water supply system for fires and a backup powder fire extinguishing system (not shown in the drawing).

Hull parts and fencing parts are made of structural composite or polymeric materials, for example polyethylene, nylon, polyurethane by casting, stamping, welding, molding, and on the surface of the fencing parts a layer of soft vibration-damping material is applied, for example, like “VD-17” mastic or “Gerlen-D”, and the ratio between the thickness of the material and the vibration damping coating is in the optimal range of 1 / (2.5 ... 4), and a layer of sound-absorbing material is fixed on top of the vibration damping layer la, for example, type "vinipor", "akmigran" with acoustically transparent protective film of the type "poviden". In this interval, the most intense dissipation of sound energy entering the body parts and installation units occurs.

The dust collection bin is made in a conical or pyramidal shape with an angle of inclination of the walls exceeding the angle of repose of the captured dust, and in the filter unit the filter elements of the bag-type are arranged in straight rows or in a checkerboard pattern, with the ratio of the length of the sleeve L to its diameter D being in the optimal range values L / D = 15 ... 40. This range is due to the resistance of the thin filter, which should be close in value to the resistance of the cyclone for all its possible design parameters.

As the material of filtering bag elements, they are used as woven materials with weaving methods: linen, twill, satin; with the types of fibers in the thread: staple, filament, textured; with surface treatment: smooth and brushed, and non-woven with methods of fixing fibers: needle-punched, canvas-stitched and glued, obtained by the above methods from natural fibers of animal and vegetable origin, artificial organic fibers: lavsan, nitron, nylon, chlorine, oxalone, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride , fluoroplastic, teflon, artificial inorganic fibers, for example glass fiber.

Installation acoustic dust removal works as follows.

The dusty gas stream is fed through the nozzle 9 and 1 of the cyclone 5. Here it is twisted due to the tangential peripheral input and a screw-shaped cover 3. Then it is directed along a downward spiral line along the walls of the apparatus. As a result, dust particles under the action of centrifugal force move from the center of the apparatus to the periphery and, reaching the walls of the apparatus, are transported down to the conical part 6 of the housing to collect the captured dust. The purified air is discharged from the cyclone through the outlet pipe 2. In the sound column 7, the sound vibration parameters of which are adjusted from the control unit 13, dust particles are separated from the air, since under the influence of the sound field and the associated oscillatory processes occurring in the air, dust particles coagulate, and large particles settle down the columns, from where the air stream enters the secondary cleaning in the cyclone through the duct 9 to the input 1. At the same time, light, finely dispersed fractions of dust particles, not claimed in the conical part of the case, delayed on the thin filter 17, an associated air duct 11.

After preliminary cleaning in the cyclone 5, the gas enters the box 21 for entering the contaminated air of the thin filter 17, then to the filter unit 14 with filter elements 15 bag type. Dust is deposited on the inner surface of the sleeves and periodically discharged from them by the regeneration system 18 of the filter elements, made in the form of a shaking frame with a vibrator. Dust is poured into the hopper 20, from where it is removed from the filter through the airlock via a screw discharge mechanism. For filter maintenance, a ladder 19 and a platform are provided. The unloading device can be of two types: unloading based on a screw conveyor and unloading based on a chain conveyor. The unit is equipped with a control cabinet with a microprocessor controlled by regeneration, unloading and fire fighting systems. The specific gas load on the filter is selected taking into account the physicochemical properties of the dust and gas stream for each specific process.

In the apparatus there is a decrease in vibro-acoustic energy, since the filter elements are simultaneously an aerodynamic silencer of active (sorption) type noise. Dust collectors of this type are designed for central aspiration systems.

The hydraulic resistance of the filter element is 15 ... 25% of the hydraulic resistance of the entire apparatus, and the material of the filter element has increased sound absorbing properties.

Claims (2)

1. Installation of acoustic dust collection, consisting of a cyclone and a thin filter, interconnected by an air duct in such a way that the cyclone outlet is connected to the filter inlet, characterized in that the cyclone contains a housing consisting of a cylindrical and conical parts located in its upper part peripheral input the gas stream and the axial outlet of the purified gas, an acoustic column with an acoustic oscillator located in the upper part, the acoustic column in its lower part being connected to the axial the outlet pipe of the purified gas and contains a conical baffle plate installed with its large base in the lower base of the column, and the cavity formed by the surfaces of the baffle plate and column is connected bypass to the peripheral input of the gas stream, and at the top of the acoustic column there is a outlet pipe of the purified gas, and the sound oscillator is connected to the control unit, and the thin filter is made in the form of a bag filter with a regeneration system containing a single housing with a roof, in which a filter block with filter elements of a bag-type is placed, a box for entering contaminated air and a box for leaving clean air, a hopper storage with a continuous dust discharge device containing a hopper, a lock, an auger discharge mechanism, the regeneration system of the filter elements is made in the form of a shaking frame with a vibrator, and in the filter unit housing there is a temperature sensor, in the dust collection bin - an emergency dust level sensor, in the output box - a thermal automatic detector detector, the outputs of which are connected They are equipped with a common microprocessor located in the control cabinet, and a collector with nozzles for connecting to a fire extinguishing system is installed in the output box, the control unit of which is connected to a common microprocessor, and the bag filter regeneration system contains a control unit that is electronically connected to a common microprocessor and a remote control panel unloading system. 2. The acoustic dust collecting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the fine filter dust collecting bin is conical or pyramidal in shape with an angle of inclination of the walls exceeding the angle of repose of the captured dust, and in the filter block the filtering elements of the bag-type are arranged in straight rows or in staggered, and the ratio of the length of the sleeve L to its diameter D is in the optimal range of values L / D = 15 ... 40, and as the material of the filtering sleeve elements are used as woven materials from the method and weaves: canvas, twill, satin; with the types of fibers in the thread: staple, filament, textured; with surface treatment: smooth and brushed, and non-woven with methods of fixing fibers: needle-punched, canvas-stitched and glued, obtained by the above methods from natural fibers of animal and vegetable origin, artificial organic fibers: lavsan, nitron, nylon, chlorine, oxalone, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride , fluoroplastic, teflon, artificial inorganic fibers, for example glass fiber.