RU2262838C2 - Method for growing of forest crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, cultivation of forest crops.

SUBSTANCE: method involves moving seeds from forest crops by wind flows; settling seeds in soil; providing staged stratification until emergence of sprouts, with following caring of plants. When retention shields are positioned transverse to prevailing winds, seeds are settled in soil in front of said shields. Method allows forest crops to be grown in difficult-for-access sites under difficult conditions and allows employment of technical means on rock piles or steep slopes to be avoided.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in accumulation of seeds on forest massif plots to be rehabilitated, creation of mulching layer on soil surface, increased moisture content of soil and increased plant yield.

1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of forest crops.

A known method of growing forest crops, including cultivating seedlings in a nursery, preparing the soil before planting, planting seedlings in a permanent place and caring for the plantings (see, for example, the book "Fundamentals for planting and growing a complex of protective and green spaces in the Altai Territory." Barnaul, 1966, p. 14-33).

The known method is time consuming and expensive, as it requires phased cultivation of forest stands.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect (prototype) is a method of growing forest crops, including the movement of their seeds from forest stands by wind flows, seed deposition on the soil, phased stratification until emergence and plant care (see, for example, book C. I.Kukis "Agroforestry with the basics of forestry." Barnaul, 1968, p. 44-45).

To ensure the natural seed regeneration of forest lands, a number of conditions are necessary: the abundance of seeds, moist soil, and the presence of living and dead cover.

This method does not allow to create the necessary conditions for the growth of forest crops and therefore is ineffective.

The claimed invention solves the problem of creating such a method of growing forest crops, which would increase the yield of plantings due to the significant accumulation of seeds and mulching material on the cultivated area and create the necessary soil moisture, would provide the possibility of growing forest crops in difficult conditions, excluding the use of technical means, for example rock dumps, steep slopes, lack of a road network.

The problem is solved in that in the known method of growing forest crops, including the movement of their seeds from forest stands by wind currents, the deposition of seeds on the soil, phased stratification until emergence and subsequent care of plants, according to the invention, the deposition of seeds on the soil is carried out by installing across the prevailing wind streams of delaying screens.

A comparative analysis of the claimed technical solution with the known showed that the proposed combination of features is new, has an inventive step and is industrially applicable.

A method of growing forest crops is implemented as follows.

Near the forest stands, across the prevailing wind flows, vertically stopping screens are installed, which are made from 1.5 to 2.5 meters high from any material, for example, non-timber timber, plastic film, etc.

Seeds from the trees are carried away from the plantations by wind currents, hit the delaying screens and accumulate on the soil surface at their base. Along with the seeds, plant debris is also retained, creating a mulching layer on the surface of the soil.

Delayed screens accumulate both winter and summer rainfall. In winter, the snow cover protects the seeds of forest crops from freezing, and when thawing, it contributes to a better stratification of seeds. In summer, raindrops, falling on the delaying screens, drain onto the soil surface, further moistening it. On sunny days, delayed screens shade the surface of the soil at their base, reducing moisture evaporation.

Being on the surface of the soil, under a moist mulching layer, the seeds undergo a phased stratification in natural conditions and give amicable shoots. A year after emergence, the delaying screens are rearranged to another site. In the future, plant care is reduced to weed removal, thinning and processing of plants against pests and diseases.

The number of seedlings of common pine for different methods of restoration of forest crops in the forest-steppe of the Altai Territory is shown in the table.

Options Years 1996 1997 1998 Mean Under normal conditions (in an open area) pcs / m ² 1,2 0.4 0,0 0.53 According to the claimed method pcs / m ² 7.6 3,1 3,5 4.73

The data in the table show that the yield of seedlings by the proposed method is more than 4 times higher than the known one.

The inventive method of growing forest crops allows for significant accumulation of seeds in areas of restoration of forests, to create a mulching layer on the surface of the soil, increase humidity and, thereby, significantly increase the yield of plantations. In addition, the method allows for the possibility of growing forest crops in difficult conditions, excluding the use of technical means, for example, rock dumps, steep slopes, the absence of a road network, etc.

Claims (1)

A method of growing forest crops, including moving their seeds from forest stands by wind currents, depositing seeds on the soil, stratifying stratified until emergence and subsequent care of plants, characterized in that the deposition of seeds on the soil is carried out by installing cross-screening wind prevailing wind flows.