RU2213442C2 - Grain cleaning machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, flour-milling and feed mill industry. SUBSTANCE: grain cleaning machine has aspiration system and shake mill. Aspiration system has pneumatically separating and settling chambers having common adjacent wall. Baffling surface is mounted in pneumatically separating chamber in spaced relation to its upper wall. Gate is pivotally secured on upper edge of baffling surface. Availability of baffling surface in pneumatically separating chamber provides for precise fractionation of grain material due to separating of middle-sized fraction in said chamber and individual discharge from separation zone of part of air flow carrying light fraction into settling chamber. EFFECT: increased efficiency in cleaning and sorting of grain material and simplified construction. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in agricultural production, flour-mill and feed industry for cleaning and sorting grain.

 A grain separator is known that contains a grain mixture feeder, two pneumatic separating channels and a sieve block installed sequentially during the technological process, each channel having a sedimentation chamber with an outlet for the grain mixture fraction, and the outlet of the sedimentary chamber of the second channel is located above the receiving part of the additional sieve block [1].

 In the known separator, the initial grain material at the beginning of the technological process is fractionated by aerodynamic properties into light, intermediate and main fractions. In this case, the light fraction is transported upward from the air separation channel through a long longitudinal duct into the sedimentation chamber, and the intermediate fraction extracted in the additional air separation channel is carried out to another sedimentation chamber. Therefore, the presence of a long branched aspiration network in this separator increases its resistance and, accordingly, the specific energy consumption of the pneumatic separation process, as well as increases the metal consumption and complicates the design and operation of the machine.

 The closest in technical solution and the achieved result to the proposed invention is a grain cleaning machine, including an aspiration system containing pneumatic separation and sedimentary chambers having a common adjacent wall, a fan, an air flow regulator, devices for introducing grain material and withdrawing its fractions, and a sieve mill, installed under the suction system [2] - prototype.

 In the known grain cleaning machine having a less extensive aspiration network compared to the analogue, the pneumofractionation of the initial grain material is carried out in a pneumatic separation chamber into a heavy one containing full-weight grains, spikelets and other heavy impurities, the middle one consisting of punctured, crushed, broken and less than full-weight grains and fine mineral and organic impurities, and light fractions. The light fraction is discharged into the sedimentation chamber by air flow, and the middle and heavy fractions are removed from the air separation chamber to the sieve mill by output devices. The separation of the grain material in the air separation chamber is carried out by an upward air flow, which reduces the quality of fractionation.

 With the intensification of the process of pneumatic separation (increasing the air flow rate), the quality of the separation of the components of the light fraction improves, but at the same time, the components of the middle fraction can be carried out into the sedimentation chamber. This fact also affects the clarity of the fractionation of the grain material.

 The problem that needs to be solved is to increase the clarity of fractionation of grain material by isolating the middle fraction in a V-shaped air stream and separately diverting part of the air stream with light impurities into the sedimentation chamber.

 The problem is solved with the help of a grain cleaning machine, including an aspiration system containing a pneumatic separating and sedimentary chambers having a common adjacent wall, a fan, an air flow regulator, a device for introducing grain material and withdrawing its fractions, and a sieve mill installed under the aspiration system, in the air separation chamber, a reflective plane is installed with a gap relative to its upper wall, which is equipped with a shutter pivotally mounted on the upper edge.

 The use of a reflective plane in a pneumatic separation chamber eliminates the transfer of medium-sized components to the sedimentation chamber due to a significant improvement in the conditions of deposition of the latter. This is achieved by the fact that the components of the middle fraction, passing under a curved reflective plane, change the trajectory of motion and are precipitated by gravity and inertia.

 Further, the installation in a pneumatic separation chamber of a reflective plane with a gap relative to its upper wall provides a separate withdrawal of part of the light fraction from the fractionation zone of the grain material. This reduces the content of the light fraction in the medium. At the same time, the removal of a part of air with a light fraction from the separation zone of the middle fraction into the sedimentation chamber causes a decrease in the air velocity in it, which contributes to the qualitative deposition of the components of the middle fraction and the exclusion of their removal into the sedimentary chamber.

 Thus, during the operation of the proposed device, a positive effect is achieved, consisting in a more precise fractionation of the grain material into heavy, medium and light fractions.

 The drawing shows a diagram of a grain cleaning machine.

 The grain cleaning machine consists of an aspiration system and a sieve mill. The aspiration system has a pneumatic separating 1 and sedimentary 2 chambers with a common adjacent wall 3, a fan 4, an air flow regulator 5 located in the exhaust pipe 6, a grain material input device 7 containing a distribution screw 8 and a feeder 9. The pneumatic separating chamber 1 is equipped with devices 10 and 11 output heavy and medium fractions and a reflective plane 12. The reflective plane is installed with a gap relative to the upper wall 13 of the air separation chamber 1 and is provided with a pivotally mounted on its upper edge slonkoy 14. In the lower part of the sedimentary chamber 2 is a device 15 output light fraction. The device 11 and 15 output medium and light fractions are made in the form of airlock gates.

 The sieve mill, installed under the suction system, contains two upper sections (with removable sieves B1 and B2) consisting of two sections (removable sieves B1 and B2) with a receiver 17 of large impurities and a light fraction, and two lower sieving sieves 18 and 19. Under the sections (sieves B1 and B2) of the upper of the spike sieve 16, the pitched boards 20 and 21 are installed, and under the sieving sieves 18 and 19, the pitched planes 22 and 23 with receivers 24 and 25 of small impurities are installed. The sieves 16, 18 and 19, installed in a common mill, are suspended from the frame on suspensions and oscillate due to the drive mechanism in mutually opposite directions in order to balance inertial forces. The upper spike sieve 16 is cleaned of stuck impurities by rubberized scrapers of a chain-slat conveyor mounted above the sieves B1 and B2, and oscillating brushes (not shown) are installed under them to clean the undersieve sieves 18 and 19. The technological scheme for the location of sieves in a sieve mill, depending on the performance of the machine, the crop being cleaned to obtain the maximum effect, may be different.

 Grain cleaning machine operates as follows.

 The source material to be cleaned is evenly distributed by the screw 8 over the width of the machine and fed to the feeder 9, which feeds it into the pneumatic separation chamber 1. The intake air stream created by the fan 4 and regulated by the air flow regulator 5 captures and carries away through the gap located between wall 13 and the reflective plane 12, the light fraction in the sedimentation chamber 2. The light fraction is deposited in the chamber 2 and the device 15 is displayed in the receiver 17.

 Crushed, punctured and crushed grains, as well as small mineral and organic impurities having a greater critical speed of rotation than light impurities passing under the reflective plane 12, due to inertial-gravitational forces, are deposited and the device 11 is removed to the beginning of the sieve B2. The clarity of the allocation of the middle fraction is provided by setting the shutter 14 in an optimal position.

 The exhaust air stream from the sedimentation chamber 2 is ejected by the fan 4 through the exhaust pipe 6 to the dust collecting device (not shown in the drawing).

 The heavy fraction from the air separation chamber 1 through the output device 10 enters the sieve B1. Spikelets and other large impurities from the upper ear sieve 16 are conveyed by the conveyor to the receiver 17 and, together with the light fraction, are removed from the machine. The coarse grain fraction passes through the openings of the sieve B1 through a sloping board 20 to the lower sowing sieve 19, where the cleaned large grain is removed outside the machine immediately. Small impurities through the sieve 19 enter the pitched plane 23 and then to the receiver 25.

 The middle fraction is cleaned of large impurities on sieve B2. The fine grain fraction passes to the ramp board 21, with which it is sent to the sowing sieve 18, where fine impurities are released and along the ramp plane 22 enter the receiver 24, and the cleaned fine grain is immediately removed outside the machine.

 After treating the grain heap with the machine, four fractions are formed: the main grain (seed or food grain), feed grain, light and large impurities and small impurities.

 The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is to increase the clarity of pneumofractionation of grain material.

LITERATURE
1. A.S. 1030051 USSR, MKI 3 V 07 V 9/00, A 01 F 12/44. Grain Separator / V. A. Kubyshev, V. D. Oleinikov, M.S. Titov et al. - 2758564 / 30-15; Claimed 04/26/79 // Discoveries. Inventions - 1983 .-- 27.

 2. Elizarov V.P., Matveev A.S. Modern means of preliminary cleaning of grain // Mechanization and electrification of agriculture. - 1986. - 8. - S. 63 - prototype.

Claims (1)

 Grain-cleaning machine, including an aspiration system, containing a pneumatic separating and sedimentary chambers having a common adjacent wall, a fan, an air flow regulator, a device for introducing grain material and outputting its fractions, and a sieve mill installed under the aspiration system, characterized in that in a pneumatic separating chamber a reflective plane is installed with a gap relative to its upper wall, which is equipped with a shutter pivotally mounted on the upper edge.