SU1710145A1 - Grain cleaner - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is intended for the purification of grain mixtures from impurities and m. B. used in the processing of grain in agricultural production, flour-milling and feed milling; The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of cleaning grain heap. A grain cleaning machine consists of a receiving part in which a battery is installed, a device (P) for removing coarse and straw impurities from the output- "The invention is intended for cleaning grain mixtures from impurities and can be used in the processing of grain in agricultural production, millers -elevator and co-feed industry. A grain cleaning machine is known, which includes a pneumatic separating channel, a feeder with a guide grille, a stand-up chamber in communication with the outlet nozzle, and a closed Evosystems, including a pneumatic separating channel (PC), communicating through the feeding window with the receiving part under П for outputting large and straw impurities. П for supplying air under the guide grille of the feeding window, the settling chamber (OK) communicated with the PC output, ventil top, air duct, communicating OKcherezventil top with PC, bypass devices of refined grain and light impurities. A rotatable sieve between the outlet pipe and the power supply window has a cylindrical sieve installed to release small impurities. At an angle to each other above the sieve, feed trays are installed, the lower edges of which are located above the upper quarter of the sieve on the side of the nozzle for removal of coarse and straw impurities. Over the upper quarter of the sieve from the side of the supply window of the PC with the ability to interact with the sieve, the pressure spring is hinged, and under the sieve there is a branch pipe for removal of small impurities. 1 il. Pneumatic separating duct, fan, aspiration duct, informing the settling chamber through the fan with pneumo-separating duct under the feeder, device for supplying air under the guide 'grating with flow regulator, receivers of products. the flow to the grain mixture before entering it into the pneumo-separating channel leads ^ OS > &

Description

to loosening and bringing it into a fluidized state. Due to this, the grain mixture is introduced into the pneumatic separating channel not by a continuous stream, but by a layer broken down and evenly distributed throughout the depth of the channel. At the same time, the air flow in the pneumatic separating channel effectively separates light impurities from the grain mixture.

However, in this grain-cleaning machine, large impurities (stones, particles, straw, etc.) are not released from the grain mixture before entering it into the pneumo-separating channel. as well as fine impurities (particles of mineral and organic origin), the density of which is often the same as the density of the grain or even more. Such impurities in the pneumo-separating channel by the air flow cannot be separated from the grain, they are removed from the machine together with the purified grain. thereby worsen the quality of cleaning grain pile.

The closest to the proposed technical solution and the achieved result is a grain cleaning machine, consisting of a receiving part, in which a feeder and a device are installed to output large and straw impurities with a discharge pipe, and a closed pneumatic system, including a pneumo-separating channel, which communicates through the feed window the receiving part under the device for the removal of coarse and straw impurities, a settling chamber in communication with the outlet of the pneumatic separating channel, a fan, air inlet The first channel communicating the settling chamber through a fan with a pneumo-separating channel, by-pass devices of refined grain and light impurities.

The disadvantage of this device is that. that from the components of the grain pile entering the pneumo-separating channel, before their air cleaning, small impurities, the density of which is the same as or greater than the grain density, are not released. Therefore, these impurities in air cleaning come together with the refined grain. This impairs the quality of cleaning grain heap.

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of cleaning grain heap.

This goal is achieved by that there is a grain cleaning machine consisting of a receiving part in which a feeder and a device for the removal of coarse and straw impurities with a discharge pipe / and a closed pneumatic system are installed. including pnevmosevariruyuschy channel.

communicating through the supply window with the receiving part under the device for outputting large and straw impurities, the device for supplying air under the guide grill of the supply window, the settling chamber connected to the outlet of the pneumo-separating channel, the fan, the air supplying channel communicating the settling chamber through the fan a pneumatic separating channel, by-pass devices of refined grain and light impurities, is provided with a cylindrical sieve for separating fine impurities installed rotatably under at a tool for removing coarse and straw impurities between its outlet nozzle and the supply window of the pneumatic separating channel, installed at an angle to each other above the cylindrical sieve of the feed trays, the lower edges of which are located above the upper quarter of the sieve from the nozzle side for removal of coarse and straw impurities, pressure plate, hinged above the upper quarter of the sieve, from the side of the supply window of the pneumo-separating channel with the possibility of interaction with the sieve and the branch pipe imesey located under the cylindrical sieve.

Improving the quality of cleaning grain heap is achieved by the release of fine impurities, the density of which is greater or equal to the density of the grain. The selection of impurities from the grain pile is done by size on the sieve.

The release of fine impurities from the grain pile on the sieve before entering the pneumo-separating channel also causes a more complete release of small impurities by the air flow, which improves the quality of cleaning the grain pile. This is due to the fact that the exclusion of minor impurities from the grain flow in the pneumo-separating channel leads to a decrease in its density and an increase in the intergranular distance. This improves the conditions for the emission of light impurities by the air stream.

The installation of a cylindrical screen for separating fine impurities with the possibility of rotation directly under the device for separating large and straw mixtures between its discharge pipe and the feeding window of the pneumo-separating channel eliminates the use of other transporting means. The grain heap components that have passed through the conveyor net of the device for separating coarse and straw impurities, by gravity under the action of gravity, are fed to the sieve to release coarse impurities.

Minor impurities that differ in physical dimensions from grain sizes are sieved on a sieve, fed to a discharge nozzle and taken out. In order to feed the components of the grain pile to the air cleaning, the sieve must be made inclined towards the pneumatic separating channel, vibrating or cylindrical rotating. In this case, the sieve, located directly opposite the feeding window of the pneumatic separating channel, ensures the fall of the components of the grain pile into the channel without the use of other transport devices (transporting screws, rollers, etc.).

Installing one inclined sieve cannot provide complete screening of small impurities due to the insignificant working surface. With an increase in the working length of the sieve, which causes the complete sifting of fine impurities, the overall dimensions of the grain cleaning machine increase. This leads to an increase in the metal structure of the machine.

Vibrations of the vibrating lattice improve the sifting of small impurities. However, when the lattice vibrates, dynamic forces are impacted on the machine, which have a negative effect on its service life, and the sanitary and hygienic working conditions of the operating personnel deteriorate due to an increase in the noise level.

The most rational type of sieve is a cylindrical rotating one. The working surface of this sieve, made in the form of an arc, is of sufficient length for sieving all the fine impurities through it. Such a sieve does not cause an increase in the overall dimensions of the machine, the appearance of dynamic forces, as well as an increase in the noise level.

Placed at an angle to each other above the cylindrical sieve, feed trays, the lower edges of which are located above the upper quarter of the sieve on the side of the nozzle for removal of large and straw impurities, provide the components of the grain pile, which are fed to them by passing through the transport grid of the device for separating large and straw impurities , into the zone of the rotating cylindrical screen, where intensive sifting of small impurities takes place. The intensification of screening of fine impurities in this zone is provided by the difference in the relative velocities of the particles of the grain pile and the sieve.

When working cylindrical sieve without pressure plate relative

5, the velocity of the grain heap particles in the upper quarter of the sieve from the feed port of the pneumatic separating channel becomes zero, i.e., the grain heap particles begin to move together with the sieve, and the emission of impurities in this zone decreases. The use of a pressure plate hinged above the upper quarter of the sieve, from the side of the supply window of the pneumocephaling channel, with the ability to interact with the sieve leads to additional friction forces causing the relative motion of the particles of the grain flow, which improves the screening of small impurities in this zone. The hinge fixing of the end of the pressure plate allows the plane of the grain pile moving along a cylindrical screen to be copied with its plane.

5 variable with fluctuations in the supply of grain heap.

The pipe for removal of small impurities, located under the cylindrical sieve, provides for the removal of small impurities that have passed through the sieve.

Isolation of small impurities from the grain pile improves the quality of its cleaning. The drawing shows the scheme of the grain cleaning machine (arrows show the movement of the processed grain heap, coarse and straw impurities, small impurity particles of mineral and organic matter, light impurities, cleaned | 4th grain and air flow).

The main working bodies of the grain cleaning machine are the receiving part and the closed pneumatic system. The receiving part consists of a feeder 1, a device 2 for outputting coarse and straw impurities with an outlet nozzle 3, a feeding trays 4 and 6, a cylindrical screen for separating fine impurities 5 with an outlet nozzle 7 fine impurities. Above the sieve 5 there is a hinged plate 8 at one end, which touches the sieve surface with its plane. The rotating cylindrical sieve 5 is horizontal and has a cleaning brush 9 inside. The supply trays 4 and 6 above the sieve 5 are set at an angle to each other, the lower edges of which are located above the upper

a quarter of the sieve 5 from the side of the nozzle 3 for removal of large and straw impurities.

The closed pneumatic system consists of a pneumo-separating channel 10, which communicates through the feeding window 11 with the receiving part under the device 2 for outputting large and straw impurities, the device 13 for supplying air under the guide grate 12 of the feeding window, the settling chamber 14, communicated with the outlet of the pneumo-separating channel 10, the fan 15, the air supply duct 16 with the air flow regulator 17, which communicates the settling chamber 14 through the fan 15 with the pneumo-regulating duct 10, the bypass devices of the cleaned grain 1c and are light 19 impurities.

Grain cleaning machine works as follows.

The initial grain heap through the feeder 1 is fed to the device 2 for the removal of coarse and straw impurities, with large impurities (stones, straw particles, etc.) coming off and through the nozzle 3 is removed from the machine. The remaining components of the pile, which passed through the mesh conveyor of the device 2, feed the trays 4 and 6 to the rotating cylindrical sieve 5. Fine impurities (mineral and organic particles) pass through the holes of the cylindrical sieve 5 and through the branch pipe 7 to the outside of the machine. The components of the pile, coming from the descent from the sieve 5, flow through the feeding window 11 into the pneumo-separating channel THEN. Weighted grains stuck in the holes of the rotating cylindrical sieve 5 are discharged by a cleaning brush 9 into the grain flow entering the grate 12. On the guide grate 12 of the feeding window 1t, the heap is exposed to air flow, thereby achieving layer-by-layer redistribution of the heap particles before it enters into the pressure separating channel 10. The mixture of layers disintegrating from the grating 12 is evenly distributed in the pneumatic separating channel. In the latter grain, the mixture is exposed to an upward air flow created by the fan 15. In the channel 10, light impurities are extracted from the grain mixture by the air flow and carried into the sediment chamber 14. The cleaned grain and light impurities are removed from the machine through the bypass devices 18 and 19. The supply of the required amount of air into the pneumo-separating channel 10 is established by the air flow regulator 17.

An advantage of the present invention in comparison with the known is the improvement in the quality of cleaning the grain material.

Formula a and 3 for brea

Grain-cleaning machine, which includes a receiving part consisting of a feeder and a device located under it for taking out large and straw Impurities with a tiaTpy6 outlet, a closed pneumatic system in the form of a Pneumoelectric channel, communicated with the receiving part through a feeding window with a guide grating located under the fixture allotment of large and

straw impurities, settling chamber, air inlet duct, communicated through the fan with the settling chamber and the outlet of the pneumo-separating duct;

guide window of the supplying window, devices for removal of cleaned grain and light impurities, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of cleaning the grain heap, it is equipped with a cylindrical sieve for separating small impurities, installed horizontally with the possibility of rotation under the device for outputting large and straw straws impurities between its auxiliary pipe and the supply window of the pneumo-separating channel, installed at an angle to each other above the cylindrical sieve, feed trays, the lower edges of which x are located above the top

part of the sieve from the side of the discharge pipe of coarse and straw impurities, a pressure plate hinged above the top of the sieve from the side of the supply window with the possibility of interaction with the screen and a pipe for removing small impurities located under the sieve. J 2 15 14

Claims (1)

Claim Grain-cleaning machine, including a receiving part, consisting of a feeder and a device located below it for outputting large and straw impurities with a discharge pipe, a closed pneumatic system in the form of a pneumatic separating channel communicated with the receiving part through a feeding window with a guide grill, located under the device for removing large and 25 straw impurities, a settling chamber, an air supply channel communicated through a fan with a settling chamber and an air separation channel outlet, ia for supplying air under the 30 guiding grid of the supply window, devices for removing cleaned grain and light impurities, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of cleaning grain heaps, it is equipped with a cylindrical sieve for separating fine impurities, mounted horizontally with the possibility of rotation under the device for the removal of large and straw impurities between its outlet pipe and the feeding window of the air separation channel, installed at an angle to each other above the cylindrical sieve, feeding pockets, the lower edges of which are located above the upper part of the sieve from the outlet pipe of large and straw impurities, a pressure plate pivotally mounted above the upper part of the sieve from the side of the feeding window with the possibility of interaction with the sieve, and a pipe for removing small impurities located under the sieve . Compiled by S. Shestakova Editor L. Gratillo Tehred M. Morgenthal Corrector T. Paly Order 290 Circulation Subscription VNIIIPI of the State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries under the State Committee for Science and Technology of the USSR 113035. Moscow, Zh-35, Raushskaya nab., 4/5 Production and Publishing Plant Patent '', Uzhgorod, 101 Gagarin St.