SU1726061A2 - Grain cleaner - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to a technique for cleaning bulk materials. The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of cleaning the grain mixture due to the dynamic effect on the grain mixture. The cleaning machine is equipped with a shaking device (VP). The cylindrical sieve (CR) 14 is made of rim walls 19 and 20, having protrusions (B) 18. VP is made in the form of a lever 23 with a percussion element (CI) 21 installed with the possibility of impacting with C 18. CLE 21 is located in the upper part of the vertical diametral plane of CR 14. The starting material goes to CR 14. When rotating CR 14 UE 21 interact B 18 , impact on the cylindrical surface of CR 14. Thus, the material being divided is subjected to a dynamic effect, which improves the quality of cleaning. 2 sludge. BUT

Description

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The invention is intended for the purification of grain mixtures by air flow, can be used in the processing of grain in agricultural production, in the milling, elevator, feed mill industry and is an improvement of the light device according to the basic model. St. No. 1634339.

A known grain cleaning machine, including a pneumatic separating channel, a feeder with a guide grate, a device for supplying air under the guide grate, made in the form of a pneumatic chamber with a window communicating with the space of the pneumatic separating channel , fan, aspiration channel, connecting the sediment chamber through the fan with pneumatic separation channel, discharge pipe of the grain mixture, device for Water light fraction arranged in the bottom of settling vessel.

In this device, the impact of the air flow on the grain mixture prior to its entry into the pneumatic separating channel leads to loosening and bringing it into a fluidized state: the lightest impurities are carried out in the upper horizons of the fluidized bed, the middle horizons are in the lower horizon the horizon consists of particles of mineral and organic origin, frail and crushed grain, the density of which is greater than the density of light impurities, but less than or close to the density of the full-bodied grain. Due to this, the grain mixture is introduced into the pneumatic separating channel not in a continuous stream, but in layers loosened and evenly distributed throughout the depth of the channel. At the same time, the air flow passing through the evenly distributed and layer-by-layer loosened grain mixture, levels out and more effectively separates light impurities from it (almost completely) than from a continuous stream, and carries it into the sedimentary chamber. The crushed and shriveled grains, particles of mineral and organic origin deviate from the parabolic descending trajectories of the movement of the full-bodied grain under the influence of the air flow and move along parabolic deviating upward trajectories; air speed

near the walls is almost zero due to

friction) in refined grain. it

impairs the quality of cleaning the grain mixture.

Closest to the present invention is a grain cleaning machine, including a pneumo-separating channel, a feeder with a guide grate, a device for supplying air under the guide grate, communicated with

0 space of the pneumo-separating channel under the descent from the guide grate, a sedimentary chamber connected to the outlet of the pneumatic separating channel, a fan, an aspiration channel that connects the precipitator chamber through the fan with a pneumo-separating channel, an additional chamber with a louvered wall and a discharge device installed between aspiration and pneumo-separating channels, a discharge pipe of the grain mixture and a device for withdrawing the light fraction, located in the lower part of the sediment chamber. The grain cleaning machine is provided with a cylindrical cut, mounted with a gap under the louvre wall opposite the feeder so that it can rotate, and the louvre wall is made rotatable.

When separating with this device

0 grain mixture with increased specific feed to the pneumo-separating channel and increased content of particles of mineral and organic origin, as well as feeble and crushed grain

5 the thickness of a layer of a grain mixture (particles of mineral and organic origin, shriveled and crushed grain, the density of which is close to the density of these components), arrived at the rotating

The cylindrical sieve is significant, so that the crushed and shriveled grains, particles of mineral and organic origin, located in the upper horizon of this layer, are not sifted through the sieve holes, but are transferred to the pneumatic separating channel and together with the cleaned grain output from the machine . This impairs the quality of cleaning.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of cleaning the grain mixture due to the dynamic effect on it.

The goal is achieved by the fact that the grain cleaning machine is equipped with a shaking device, while the cylindrical sieve is made with

5 end walls with protrusions, and the shaking device is made in the form of a lever with a percussion element installed with the possibility of interaction with the protrusions, with the percussion element located in the upper part of the vertical diametral plane of the sieve:

The presence of a shaking device in a cylindrical screen causes an intensification of sifting through the apertures of punched and crushed grain, particles of mineral and organic origin. These components, which are in the upper horizon of the grain mixture, which have reached the surface of the cylindrical sieve due to fluidization and redistribution of the components in the mixture layer by shaking the sieve, pass freely through the intergranular spacings of the mixture, and reach the sieve surface and sift through its apertures.

The insertion device is made in the form of a lever with a percussion element mounted with the possibility of interaction with the protrusions fixed on the end walls of the cylindrical sieve. Such a shaking mechanism is distinguished by a simple design, respectively, low cost of manufacture and reliability in operation, does not cause the appearance of dynamic forces that adversely affect the turnaround time and life of the machine. In addition, the location of the shaking device inside the cylindrical sieve makes the machine compact and able to transfer the shaking effect on the sieve to the desired area.

The greatest effect of the release of impurities by the sieve is achieved by shaking it in the region of movement of the grain mixture through it, i.e. upon impact into the area of the sieve where the mixture moves along it. If the impactor is placed in the zone I of the quadrant of the arc of a cylindrical grain sieve, the mixture from this zone is not carried out by the rotating sieve into the pneumatic separator channel, but accumulates (unloads) due to the impact effect that throws the mixture back to the direction of the sieve rotation. This leads to a deterioration of the performance of the sieve.

When the impactor is located in zone II of the quadrant of the arc of a grain sieve circle, the mixture entering the surface of the cylindrical sieve through the gap under the louvered wall, due to this effect, is thrown back into the pneumatic separator channel. This also leads to the quality of the cleaning of the grain mixture.

When placing the impactor in the region of the vertical diametral plane of the sieve, the vibrations from the shaking effect are transmitted to the sieve in

vertical diametral plane. In this, the described phenomena do not occur. The grain mixture on the sieve fluidizes with mineral particles and organic

origin, crushed and shriveled grains are freely separated by them. This leads to an increase in the quality of cleaning the grain mixture.

As a result, during operation of the proposed grain cleaning machine, a positive effect is achieved, which is expressed in improving the quality of cleaning the grain heap, exceeding the effect during operation of the known machine.

Fig. 1 is a diagram of a grain cleaning machine, where the arrows show the movement of a grain mixture (-), light impurities, () mineral and organic particles, a puny and crushed grain (), cleaned grain (-x-) and

air flow (-in-); in fig. 2 is a diagram of a cylindrical sieve with a shaking device of a grain cleaning machine.

Grain cleaning machine contains

diametric fan 1, sedimentary chamber 2 of a curved profile with a device 3 for outputting a light fraction, located in the lower part of chamber 2, an aspiration channel 4, inside which an air flow regulator 5 is placed, a pneumo-separating channel 6, a discharge pipe 7 of cleaned grain, located in the lower part of the channel 6, the feeder 8 with the guide grille 9, the device 10 for supplying air under the guide grille 9, which, under the exit of the guide grille 9, communicates with the pneumo-separating channel 6.

An additional chamber 11 with a louvered wall 12 is installed between the aspiration 4 and the pneumatic separating 6 channels of the grain cleaning machine, under which a cylindrical sieve 14 is rotatably mounted opposite the feeder 8 with a gap 13. The wall 12 is rotatable. The discharge device 15 may be located under or inside sieve 14. Cleaning the sieve from grains and particles stuck in its holes is carried out with a brush 16.

A shaking device 17 is located inside the cylindrical sieve. On the end walls 19 and 20 of the sieve 14 there are projections 18 along its perimeter. The shaking device 17 consists of a percussion element 21 and an axis 22 with a bracket 23. The latter is welded to the axis 22. The percussion element 21 at the aid of spring bars 24 is rigidly connected with a bracket 23. For

eliminating the noise effect, the impactor can be provided with rubber bushings 25. The cylindrical sieve is driven through sprocket 26. The splicing device, when the sieve is rotated, is in a fixed position, which is carried out by the lever 27 of axis 22.

Grain cleaning machine works as follows.

The initial grain mixture through the feeder 8 enters its guide grid 9. Under the influence of air entering the device 10 from the lower part of the pneumo-separating channel 6, and from it through the hole of the perforated grid 9, the grain mixture on the sieve 9 is loosened and brought into fluidized bed - married state. As a result, the lightest impurities are carried to the upper horizons of the fluidized bed, full-grained grains appear in the lower horizon, and the middle horizon consists of mineral and organic particles, frail and crushed grain, the density of which is greater than the density of light impurities but less than or equal density of full grain. In such a layer-by-layer loosened state of the grain, the mixture is introduced into the pneumatic separator channel 6. The air flow generated by the diametral fan 1 and regulated by the air flow regulator 5 enters the pneumatic separator channel 6 through the suction channel 6 and carries light impurities into the sedimentary chamber 2, which have been removed by means of a device 3 (e.g. by a screw). Scraggy and crushed grain, particles of mineral and organic origin, as well as part of a full-bodied grain, the density of which is close to the density of these components, deviate from the said trajectories of movement of the full-bodied grain under the influence of the air flow and move along parabolic upward trajectories of the mineral particles. and organic, shriveled and crushed grain, having a density close to that of a full-bodied grain, is slightly deviated compared to They enter the chamber 11 through the gap 13. The lightest components of the fodder fraction (whose density is close to the density of light impurities), which have parabolically deviating steeply upward movement trajectories, reach the wall 12 in its upper part, unloading, roll down through it and through the louvers enter chamber 11. The last grain mixture is withdrawn to the beginning of the upper part (in the course of rotation) of the rotating cylindrical sieve 14.

During the rotation of the cylindrical sieve 14, particles of mineral and organic origin, crushed and shriveled grain, differing in physical dimensions from the dimensions of the full-bodied grain trapped in

Camera 11 is sieved through it. Intensification of screening of these components through a sieve is achieved by dynamically acting on them with a shaking device. While rotating

5 of the cylindrical sieve, the impactor is in a certain fixed position, and the protrusions located on the end walls of the sieve run onto the ends of the impactor and deflect it. AT

0 the next moment of rotation, the impactor at the expense of spring bars strikes the sieve. This is a dynamic effect on the sieve.

With the pneumatic separation of the grain mixture,

5, when the pneumatic separation proceeds from one crop to another (for example, from wheat to pea), turning the wall 12 in the upper part of the pneumatic separating channel 6 creates a clear separation of fine and crushed grain from light impurities that are carried to the sediment chamber. This is achieved by the fact that when the wall 12 is rotated, the cross section of the pneumo-separating

5 of the channel 6. As a result, in this part of the channel 6, the required structure of the air flow is created, determining the flow of the lightest part of the punctured and crushed grain onto the louvered wall 12. Most

0 light portion of shabby and crushed grain,

incoming and outgoing from the wall

12, through the louvers 12, is output to the chamber 11.

Sieve lice through a sieve of 14 particles

mineral and organic origin, a puny and crushed grain enters the unloading device 15 and the output to the outside. The empty grain (full-weight) of the cylindrical sieve 14 is rotated into the air-collecting channel 6 during its rotation. The sieves and particles that are stuck in its openings are cleaned with a brush. The cleaned grain from the zone of pneumatic separation enters the discharge port 7, and then is removed

5 outward.

The advantage of the proposed machine in comparison with the known one is an improvement in the quality of cleaning the grain mixture, which is achieved by eliminating the fine and crushed grain in the cleaned grain.

grains, particles of mineral and organic origin. The sieve 14 is from full grain, which has valuable biological and food qualities, puny and crushed grain, particles of mineral and organic origin (forage fraction) and brings them out.

Claims (1)

Formula of invention Grain cleaning machine according to ed. St. No. 1634339, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of grain cleaning due to the dynamic effect on the grain mixture, the machine is equipped with a shaking device, while the cylindrical sieve is made with end walls with protrusions, and the shaking device is made in the form of a lever with a percussion element, which is capable of interacting with the protrusions the impactor is located in the upper part of the vertical diametral plane of the sieve.