RU2633776C1 - Grain cleaning combined machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: machine consists of an air channel for grain separation by an ascending airflow and windows for receiving the initial grain material and removing that to be processed. The air channel is formed by a front wall, a rear wall and side walls and comprises a supporting mesh installed with a slope from the front wall to the rear one. At least two V-shaped plates are installed across the side walls above the supporting mesh with a clearance at a distance from each other. An angle ϕ between the plates is associated with the critical rate of seed destruction onset.

EFFECT: improved grain cleaning.

3 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to techniques for the separation of grain and other bulk materials, for the separation of coarse and large foreign, straw, as well as difficult to separate weed impurities. It may find application in the cleaning of grain and seeds in agriculture and grain processing products in flour and cereal, animal feed and other industries.

Combined grain cleaning machine (MZK) is intended:

- for the primary cleaning of cereal crops, legumes, cereals and maize from light, large and small weeds and grain impurities, separated by air flow and sieves in order to bring the content of impurities in the harvested grain to basic conditions, as well as for grain that has been pre-treated, but characterized by an increased content of light, large and small weed impurities, separated by air flow and sieves with the aim of better preservation and increase the efficiency of subsequent cleaning;

- for the secondary cleaning of these crops from waste separated by air flow and sieves, in order to bring them to the standards of the ES category for the content of seeds of the main crop, and for the content of seeds of others, including weeds, to the standards of the PC category according to GOST R 52325.

The stationary mill is installed in technological lines for the post-harvest processing of grain and seeds (grain cleaning units and grain cleaning and drying complexes), as well as in storage facilities as part of special lines in all agricultural zones of the country.

When used as primary cleaning, the machines are installed after the grain dryer (active ventilation section), and in the absence of it, after the preliminary cleaning machine or after separation of the temporary storage of the previously cleaned material. The starting material in this case is the grain material that has undergone preliminary cleaning and, if necessary, drying.

When used as secondary cleaning machines are installed after the primary cleaning machine. The machine must clean the material that has passed the initial cleaning.

When using the same machine in different periods of post-harvest processing of grain and seeds during preliminary, primary and secondary cleaning, its place in the production line, respectively, of the operation.

Self-propelled MZK equipped with a movement mechanism that ensures their movement during the process within the current, granaries, etc., having an even hard surface.

Type of climatic modification U2 in accordance with GOST 15150. Operation of machines is carried out at ambient temperature from minus 15 ° C to plus 45 ° C.

The MZK machine consists of a body, a machine frame, a preliminary cleaning separator, a receiving hopper, a supporting grid, a pneumatic sorting channel with v-shaped plates, a purified material unloading device, a WASTE 1 sedimentation chamber (fodder), and WASTE 2 sedimentation chamber (dead waste), a tray for unloading heavy impurities (stones, spikelets), air flow control knobs ("WASTE 2"), feed grain output frequency control knobs ("WASTE 1"), diamond-shaped control knobs in the separation channel, fan frames , Frames prefilter separator. A fan, a filter housing, a filter adapter, a drive frame with a drive are installed to the fan frame.

A loading scraper conveyor, a receiving auger, an unloading auger elevator of seed material, an unloading auger elevator "WASTE 1", a drive assembly complete with a gear motor, wheels are installed to the machine.

For servicing the pre-separator, a service stand is provided.

The machine is controlled using the remote control. The rotational speed of the drum of the preliminary separator is carried out by a frequency converter.

Known sieve gravity separator SMVO, consisting of sieve and pneumatic sorting parts "Zigzag". In the process, emit large and small impurities without the expense of electricity during the gravity flow of the processed material along the stationary self-cleaning separating elements. It does not require the construction of a foundation and can be installed on any site, including a dirt one (V.F. Fedorenko, E.L. Revyakin. Grain cleaning - condition and prospects. - M.: FSIN "Rosinformagrotech", Moscow, 2006, 83 pp.).

The disadvantage of this design is the difficulty of manufacturing stationary separating elements. During operation of the machine, the elements are not sufficiently mobile and do not provide stable differentiation of the grain heap. The efficiency of the stationary separation elements for self-cleaning is correlated with the concentration of weed and wet impurities in the grain mixture. The presence of a significant amount of large inclusions (spikelets) and difficult to separate impurities in the grain composition implies the need for stable and effective monitoring of the state of the working elements of separation during operation. During operation, large impurities, especially the moist components of the grain mixture, are delayed between the separation elements and contribute to the formation of local zones with low throughput, and the weight of the grain layer accumulated on it interferes with its effective cleaning. Due to the fact that a thick layer of grain continuously passes through the stationary separation elements, it is impossible to clean all the clogged gaps in it without forcing the force field; as a result, the cleaning efficiency and productivity drop to 35%.

Known seed cleaning machine VIM series, which includes a vertical pneumatic separating channel, sedimentation chamber, fan, sieve mill located at the outlet of the purified grain material (seed cleaning machine VIM series. Status and development of regional agricultural engineering: M54 scientific. Edition. - M .: FGNU " Rosinformagrotech ", 2010, p. 100). It has a high separating ability, providing the separation of hard-to-separate seeds of weeds and cultivated plants, such as wild oats, oats and other crops.

Studying the features of the seed cleaning machine showed a number of disadvantages:

- Inaccuracy.

Due to the lack of continuous movement and the presence of vibrations, each grain or particle pulsates, with less efficiency pass through the perforated holes of the sieves. On plane-sieve machines, vibrations of the sieves cause grains to bounce, which pass through the sieves with less ease. In addition, the grain, intermittently pouring from a flat-sieve mill, forms a mash and clogging of sieves, which often happens on flat-sieve machines.

- Increased vibration.

Due to vibrations, the increased dynamic load does not allow the cleaner to be mounted on a light support frame; it needs a stronger and more expensive supporting structure. The sieve mill as part of the seed cleaning machine transmits the vibrations of the building structure or other equipment located next to it on a common metal platform.

- Ineffective cleaning.

In a planer mill in the machine, the lower sieve cannot be controlled during operation and the weight of the grain layer on it interferes with its effective cleaning. In flat-grain grain cleaning machines, regardless of whether a brush system, balls or other sieve cleaning system is used, the state of the lower sieve cannot be monitored during operation. Due to the fact that the sieve constantly lies on a thick layer of grain, it is impossible to clean all the clogged cells in it, the result of this is a drop in cleaning efficiency and productivity to 50%.

- Low efficiency of changing incline and speed.

An increase in speed or incline on a flat sieve increases grain bounce and reduces calibration accuracy.

- Microtrauma.

As a result of the vibration of the sieve mill, the caryopsis experiences a cyclic dynamic load and the associated fatigue failure, accompanied by a loss of structural integrity and the formation of microcracks in the casing element. Malicious microorganisms are introduced into the microcrack formed as a result of impacts, which reduce the germination and germination of grain.

Known seed cleaner with a channel for separating grain upward air flow formed by the front, rear and side walls. There is a loading window in the front wall for inputting the source material into the canal, and for opening the heavy fraction from the canal, the open lower part of the canal itself is used (Seed Cleaner SVU-5. MS Kulagin et al. Mechanization of post-harvest processing and storage of grain and seeds. M .: Kolos, 1979, p. 35).

During operation, over time, there is a deterioration in the quality of air cleaning due to a decrease in the air flow rate due to excessive clogging of the dust bag with light impurities. In this regard, to maintain a stable airflow, operators often need to monitor the state of the dust bag.

Studies of the operation of such a channel showed that the air velocity in the channel near the front wall where the grain material is introduced is not high enough for the effective removal of light particles due to the high resistance of the relatively dense grain flow, while at the opposite wall, where the grain stream has already been distributed in height into an easily blown stream, the air speed is too high, which leads to the removal of an increased amount of high-grade grain along with the light component (A.Ya. Malis and AR Demidov. Cleaning machines and grain by air flow. M: Mashgiz, 1962, S. 30-56, Fig. 17, 29-30).

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed invention is selected as a prototype pneumatic separator with rotary barriers with a channel for separating grain upward air flow. The machine consists of a pneumatic sorting channel formed by the front, rear and side walls, a supporting grid installed with an inclination from the front wall to the rear, swing barriers, a hopper for receiving, a device for adjusting the material from the window to receive the initial and output of the processed grain material - unloading device purified material, sedimentary chamber of feed grain, a mechanism for adjusting the air flow, fan and fan frame. A fan with burlap is installed at the fan outlet, accumulating light impurities. The filter system consists of a filter housing, a drive, a filter element (burlap) (RU 2448783, 04/27/2012). The required degree of uniformity of the distribution of the air flow velocity along the depth of the channel and the corresponding increased efficiency of separation of grain material in the channel are ensured by stabilizing the density of the processed grain flow along the depth of the channel using rotary barriers. The use of the mesh in the channel improves the separation process, provides a slight increase in the efficiency of separation of grain material due to the fact that the mesh, having resistance to air flow, contributes to a certain alignment of its speed along the depth of the channel.

The disadvantage of such a grain cleaning machine is the inability to separate coarse and large, as well as straw, impurities from the main crop. Studies of the operation of such a channel showed that the rotary barriers in the channel minimize the impact of the structural element on the overall state of the grain, as well as damping turbulent air pulsations formed in the local zones of the chamber, but it was found that when working on excessively clogged material, the air flow control knob does not it is possible to fully effectively separate difficultly separated impurities. The obtained data on the distribution of the speeds of soaring of the components of the grain mixture in the upward air flow, at which there is a decrease in the efficiency of cleaning hard-to-separate components of the grain heap in the grain cleaning machine during processing of various crops, allows you to more correctly choose the design of the channel with plates (v-shaped) that regulate the area of the passage sections.

The technical problem to be solved by the proposed invention is to expand the arsenal of technical means of combined grain cleaning machines, the parameters and characteristics of which provide an efficient and reliable grain cleaning unit in operation, which would simultaneously separate coarse, large, straw, and difficult to separate components from the main agricultural crop grain heap, would take into account the agrobiological feature of machine exposure to the grain and exclude I would have the above disadvantages, namely:

- The accuracy. Due to the continuous movement and absence of vibrations, each grain or particle more easily passes through the perforated holes of the sieves. When the drum rotates, there is no vibration of the sieve, which completely eliminates the rebound of grain and maintains ease of passage through the sieve. In addition, grain, carefully and continuously poured from the drum, does not form congestion and clogging of sieves.

- Reduced vibrations. Due to the absence of vibrations, the reduced dynamic load allows the drum cleaner to be mounted on a lightweight support frame. The drum cleaner does not transmit vibration to the building structure or other equipment located next to it on a common metal platform.

- Cleaning efficiency. When sorting and calibrating, and especially during seed cleaning, it is very important to remove small or crushed seeds using sieves with fine perforation. Non-clogging drum allows sieves to stay clean, easy to operate and maintains high-level cleaning performance and efficiency. On a drum cleaner, the sieves are cleaned in the upper part of the cylinder, where there is no product, and the grain stuck in the sieve falls down almost independently.

- Flexibility of operation. On a drum cleaner, the sieve cylinder consists of a removable sieve and can be used both for sifting and for removing large fractions immediately. The design of the cylinder changes easily depending on the needs.

- Variable speed. At the drum cleaner, a change in speed increases the fluidity of the product, improves the accuracy of calibration, increases productivity, providing more process control capabilities.

- Application for products that are difficult to sort. The versatility and flexibility of tuning the drum cleaner allows you to use it to separate even difficult to clean products such as very wet corn grains, etc.

- Microtrauma. The absence of a vibrational force field in the drum cleaner allows sifting of the grain material without harming the overall state of the grain structure while maintaining the agrobiological value of the grain. The frictional component of the forces is disproportionately small and does not provoke the formation of micro formations in the caryopsis shell.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of this invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability in operation by ensuring the simultaneous separation of coarse, large, straw, and difficultly separated components of the grain heap from the main agricultural crop and taking into account the agrobiological features of the machine action on the grain, as well as by accuracy, vibration reduction, cleaning efficiency, eliminating microtrauma and improving the quality of cleaning from hard to separate impurities, which is achieved by installing in the air channel V-shaped plates, adjustable by the handle, located on the end of the body of the air channel.

Comparison of the claimed invention with the prototype shows that the presence of a preliminary purifier with a cylindrical sieve, a horizontal axis of rotation fixed above the receiving hopper, as well as V-shaped plates mounted above the supporting grid in the air channel of the machine is new.

The ability to clean grain material from large foreign and straw impurities is achieved by the presence of a rotating, removable, perforating cylinder with an adjustable drum speed. The pre-separator is necessary to prevent clogging of the receiving hopper of the machine and is intended for pre-cleaning the heap of grain, pulses, cereals and corn from light, large and small weed impurities coming from combines or other threshing devices in order to better preserve grain, increase the efficiency of subsequent cleaning in the pneumatic channel of the machine.

The efficiency of the grain cleaner for the separation of large, straw impurities, the stability of the quality indicators of the separation process during long-term operation, the reliability of the technological process are ensured by rational ratios linking the main parameters of the sieve lumen cell, the rotational speed of the cylindrical drum and the position of the v-shaped plates in the pneumatic channel of the machine.

The specified technical result in a combined grain cleaning machine, consisting of an air channel of depth L for separating grain by an upward air flow formed by the front, rear and side walls, containing a support grid installed with an inclination from the front wall to the back, and windows for receiving the initial and output of the processed grain material, is achieved by the fact that at least two V-shaped plates of height h placed above the side walls above the supporting grid are installed a supporting grid with a gap w at a distance f from each other, while the angle between the V-shaped plates ϕ is related to the critical speed of the onset of seed destruction.

The combined grain cleaning machine contains a receiving hopper over which a system of differentiation from the main crop of coarse, large foreign and straw impurities is integrated in the form of a sieve cylinder with a horizontal axis of rotation, mounted cantilever on the drive shaft. The sieve cylinder consists of a bottom, a receiving part of a cylindrical sieve with the possibility of changing sieves with overall dimensions (630 × 1920) ± 5.

On the inner surface of the descending part of the sieve cylinder, a 2.5-turn helical blade is welded from sheet steel, which serves to accelerate the removal of impurities from the machine.

The operational and technological evaluation of the grain-cleaning combined machine МЗК-12С (self-mobile) was carried out at the final cleaning of Zlata wheat seeds in the Republic of Tatarstan.

The machine worked individually on an indoor current with a smooth concrete coating with an average speed of 0.01 km / h and was serviced by a single grain flow mechanic during operation.

Nominal productivity for 1 hour of the main time on wheat, t, not less than:

- primary cleaning at grain moisture up to 18% in kind up to 740 g / l with a grain content of up to 5% and weed up to 3% - 24.20 t / h;

- secondary treatment with grain moisture up to 16% with a waste content of up to 3% - 12.21 t / h.

The test machine performed the technological process stably, as evidenced by the reliability coefficient of the technological process, equal to 1.

Coefficients of use of shift and operating time amounted to 0.92 and 0.90, respectively.

Specific energy consumption was obtained at the primary treatment - 0.94 kWh / t; secondary cleaning - 1.87 kWh / t

After passing through the machine of the source material, the seed purity increased to 98.42% on the primary, on the secondary 99.22%, the content of weed seeds decreased from 81 pcs / kg to 3 pcs / kg, including oatmeal from 35 pcs / kg to 2 pcs / kg, the seed content of other crops decreased from 10 pcs / kg to 4 pcs / kg. The purified material corresponded to the PC category according to GOST R 52325-2005. The removal of the seeds of the main culture to the waste amounted to 7.72%, incl. in air waste - 0.2%. Crushing of seeds obtained equal to 0.17%.

Thus, the claimed device meets the criterion of "novelty."

The present invention meets the criterion of "inventive step", since a result is achieved that satisfies the existing need: the simultaneous separation of large, straw, including hardly separated impurities. The quality of grain cleaning from lightweight elements of the grain is increased by placing v-shaped plates in the chamber channel.

The invention meets the criterion of "industrial applicability", because it can find application in the purification of grain and seeds in agriculture and grain processing products in flour and cereal, animal feed and other industries.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a general view of a combined grain cleaning machine; in FIG. 2, 3 - general view of the pre-separator; in FIG. 4 is a view A of FIG. 2; in FIG. 5 is a view B of FIG. 2; in FIG. 6 is a section EE of FIG. 2; in FIG. 7 - section FJ in FIG. 3; in FIG. 8 is a cross-section II in FIG. 2; in FIG. 9 is a view B of FIG. 2; in FIG. 10 is a view D of FIG. 2; in FIG. 11 is a view D of FIG. 2; in FIG. 12 is a flow chart of cleaning; in FIG. 13 is a diagram for determining the deformation of a grain particle under compression; in FIG. 14 is a diagram for determining collision speeds of a grain particle with a v-shaped plate.

The machine consists of a metal housing 1, the frame of the machine 2, the radial fan 3, the frame of the fan 4, the filter housing 5, burlap 5-1, drive 6, the frame of the drive 7, the pre-cleaner 8, the receiving tray 9, a cylindrical drum with a sieve 10, wiper blades 11, unloading funnel for cleaned material 12, unloading funnel for heavy waste (spikelets, stones) 13, a tray for unloading heavy waste 14, a gear motor 15, a drive shaft of a cylindrical drum 16, two support bearings 17, a receiving hopper 18, a control handle hearth whose pre-cleaned material 19, loading conveyor 20, two side screws 21, supporting struts 22, traction with a lifting screw control handle 23, cleaned grain unloading elevator 24, feed grain unloading hopper 25, feed grain unloading hopper 26 valve, dead waste unloading hopper 27, the valve of the unloading bin for dead waste 28, the unloading elevator of feed grain 25-1, a trolley with three wheels 29, a gear motor drive to drive the machine 30.

The control of the main upward air flow and the feed grain ratio is carried out by the handle 31 and 31-1, respectively.

The channel for separating grain from difficult to separate impurities by the ascending air stream consists of a front 32, a back 33 and side 34 and 35 walls, contains a grid 36 for supporting the separated material, a window 37 for introducing pre-cleaned material into a channel made in the front wall 32 above the grid 36 and a window 38 for removing the heavy fraction from the channel at the opposite wall 33. Above the grid 36 across the side walls 34 and 35 are two or more V-shaped plates 39, consisting of an axis 40, traction elements 41 mounted on a plate 42, which Ivar in turn between the side walls 34 and 35. Control V-shaped plates 39 of the handle 43 is carried out.

The workflow is as follows.

The initial grain material, consisting of grain and subject to the separation of coarse and large foreign, straw impurities, as well as difficult to separate weeds, is lighter than grain impurities, enters the receiving tray 9 of the pre-cleaner 8 using the feed conveyor 20. At the ends of the conveyor 20 there are two side screw 21, which take the source material from the side.

The initial mass thus obtained through the receiving tray 9 is distributed into the inside of the cylindrical drum 10 in the direction of the lattice segment of the drum that comes during rotation to extend the residence time of the starting material in the perforation working zone.

Non-clogging cylindrical drum allows sieves to stay clean, easy to operate and maintains high-level cleaning performance and efficiency. On a drum cleaner, the sieves are cleaned in the upper part of the cylinder using cylindrical cleaning brushes 11, where there is no product, and the grain stuck in the sieve falls down almost independently.

During the rotation of the cylindrical drum 16, the brush cleaner 11 of the sieve cleaning system rolls along the perforated cylindrical drum 16 and pushes the stuck elements inward.

Passing through the holes, the mixture purified from coarse impurities through the discharge funnel of the purified material 12, formed by the lower inclined walls of the housing, is removed from the pre-cleaner 8 and fed to the subsequent hopper of the machine 18 for further processing.

Selected large (spikelets, stones) impurities, gradually moving to the open part of the sieve cylinder 10, are freed from grains stuck in them and are thrown into the discharge funnel of heavy waste 13 by screw and sent to the heavy waste discharge tray 14.

On the inner surface of the descending part of the sieve cylindrical drum, a 2.5-turn helical blade is welded from sheet steel, which serves to accelerate the removal of impurities from the machine.

Sieve cylindrical drum 10 with a horizontal axis of rotation is mounted cantilever on the drive shaft 16. The rotation of the cylindrical drum is carried out directly by a coupling coupling on one axis of rotation of the gear motor 15.

At the inlet of the receiving hopper 18, a handle 19 is mounted to control the metering flap by feeding the previously purified material.

The pre-cleaned grain mass is aligned across the width of the receiving hopper 18 with plates and enters the channel for separating grain from difficult to separate impurities by the ascending air flow through the window 37 onto the supporting grid 36.

Grain entering the air channel is exposed to upward air flow coming from the bottom of the channel through a grid 36 supporting it, generated from above by some air flow generator (radial fan). As a result of the upward air flow, the grain material acquires the state of a fluidized bed and moves from the front wall 32 to the rear 33, stratifying into fractions. Particles of a light fraction (impurity) float into the upper layers of the grain flow, and heavier particles (main grain) remain in the lower layers of the processed material stream above the supporting grid 36, touching it to one degree or another, depending on the speed of the air flow. Heavy particles (main grain) exit through window 38 to the receiving part of the unloading elevator of refined grain 24.

When such a fan-shaped flow of grain material meets the first v-shaped plate 39, its lower layers, consisting mainly of grain, stop moving towards the rear wall 33, fall down in a layer onto the grid 36, where the process of further separation of light particles resumes. The top layer, consisting of 35% of the grain, before the impact is directed at an angle of 90 degrees to the common tangent drawn to the impacting bodies at the point of impact.

Studies of the dynamics of the process of interaction between grain and a flat surface showed that leguminous seeds can be considered as an elastic-viscous-plastic medium that characterizes a not quite elastic impact, in which part of the energy is spent on plastic deformation and fracture. The ultimate stress at which the destruction of the deformable body occurs characterizes the perimeter of the contact area of the grain-partition pair. It is possible to reduce damage to seeds by applying an oblique impact. In this case, the relative velocity of the grain mass element before the impact is directed at an angle of 90 ° to the common tangent drawn to the impacting bodies at the impact point. As a result, the normal component of the velocity Un will turn out to be U (1-cos α) less than the velocity U in a direct impact. Accordingly, the dynamic load R associated with the shock pulse S will decrease. This allows for a “soft” mode of movement, primarily necessary for processing such easily traumatized crops as legumes and cereals.

This grain flow, having descended on the grid 36, creates a higher than fan-shaped resistance to the air flow passing through it in the area between the first and second v-shaped plate 39, thereby reducing the speed of the air flow, bringing it closer to the level, as on a portion of the mesh 36 between the front wall and the first v-shaped plate 39.

Another part of the grain material, located at higher and less dense levels of the grain flow and containing more light particles, smoothly, without injury, is reflected from the surface of the v-shaped plate, after which the grains are lowered onto the grain stream, and light difficult to separate impurities are lifted by the air flow and accumulate in the feed hopper of the feed grain 25. The accumulated feed is emptied by the valve of the feed hopper of the feed grain 26 due to the gravity of the own weight of the feed grain Methods and material in and out of the discharge into the receiving elevator feed grain 25-1. Lighter components are lifted by the air stream and accumulate in the dead waste discharge hopper 27. The accumulated dead waste is emptied by the dead waste discharge hopper valve 28 due to the gravity of its own weight of impurities not used for further purposes.

Another part of the processed material flow, moving above the v-shaped plates 39, continues to move upward in the air flow to the exit and to the rear wall 33 of the channel. This part of the stream contains predominantly light impurities (dust, particles suspended in air).

In the section of the channel between the first and second v-shaped plates 39, the process of separation of the material received on the supporting grid 36 in the gap between the supporting grid and the first v-shaped plate is carried out in the same way as in the section between the front 32 wall and the specified v-shaped plate .

The second v-shaped plate 39, like the first, deposits the main part of the grain flow onto the supporting grid 36 with a layer, increasing its resistance to air flow and stabilizing its speed in the final section of the channel between the second v-shaped plate and the back wall 33.

Control, and therefore a direct change in the parameters of the air flow above the supporting grid 36, is carried out by transforming the positions of the v-shaped plates 39 with respect to each other in the air channel by the handle 43.

Light particles suspended in the air (dust) are carried away by the fan 3 and enter through the filter housing 5 and burlap 5-1 into the accumulator 6.

The light particles accumulated in the drive 6 are manually emptied by the machine operator.

To move in the area within the current, the machine has a trolley 29 with wheels, and is also equipped with a movement mechanism - a geared motor 30, which ensures their movement during the process within the current, granaries, etc., having an even hard surface.

The start-up and shutdown of the electric motor of the air flow generator, the attachment electric motors, the gear motor of the drive of the cylindrical drum are controlled by a common control box.

The control of the movement mechanism - the gear motor 30, providing movement during the process within the current, is carried out separately by the remote control.

The frequency of rotation of the cylindrical drum is controlled by a frequency converter.

As a result of the creation of favorable conditions for the speed of the air flow throughout the depth of the channel with v-shaped plates, a better quality and without injury than with uneven air flow and without a v-shaped plate, the process of separation of grain material - the cleaned grain leaves through window 38, and the light component (impurity) is carried out by the air flow from the channel through the upper outlet.

The optimal operating condition of the machine for separating grain from difficult to separate impurities by the ascending air flow, ensuring maximum preservation of the biological value of seeds and the efficiency of separation of grain material during processing of various crops, is determined by the ratios of the main placement parameters and sizes of v-shaped plates.

The ability to effectively isolate coarse and large foreign, straw impurities without injuries made it possible to integrate into the machine a system for cleaning grain from coarse, straw impurities, which is a sieve cylinder with a horizontal axis of rotation, mounted cantilever on the drive shaft. It consists of a bottom, a receiving part of a cylindrical sieve with the possibility of changing sieves with overall dimensions (630 × 1920) ± 5.

The proposed grain cleaning machine allows you to effectively separate coarse and large foreign, straw, and also difficult to separate weed impurities from the main crop as much as possible, while preserving the biological value of the seeds, as well as the integrity of the structure of the grain during the entire cleaning cycle.

Agrotechnical indicators in laboratory and economic tests MZK-12C:

a) wheat - primary treatment

b) wheat - secondary treatment

Claims (3)

1. Combined grain cleaning machine, consisting of an air channel of depth L for separating grain with an upward air flow formed by the front, rear and side walls, containing a support grid installed with a slope from the front wall to the back, and windows for receiving the source and output of the processed grain material, characterized in that at least two V-shaped plates of height h are placed across the side walls above the supporting grid, placed above the supporting grid with a gap w at a distance f from each other, while the angle between the V-shaped plates ϕ is related to the critical speed of the onset of seed destruction. 2. The machine according to p. 1, characterized in that it contains a receiving hopper over which a system of differentiation from the main culture of coarse, large foreign and straw impurities is integrated, in the form of a sieve cylinder with a horizontal axis of rotation mounted cantilever on the drive shaft. 3. The machine according to p. 2, characterized in that the sieve cylinder consists of a bottom, a receiving part of a cylindrical sieve with the possibility of changing sieves with overall dimensions (630 × 1920) ± 5.

Images