RU198888U1 - Grain cleaning machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture, namely to the designs of machines for post-harvest processing of seeds and grain, and can be used as a grain cleaning machine for the primary removal of various impurities from grain material. The grain cleaning machine contains a receiving chamber with a loading window located in the housing. A material flow divider is installed obliquely, under which a pitched board is installed, a suction air channel in which the lower end of the material flow divider is placed, and a discharge air channel, enclosing a fan, a sedimentation chamber located in the lower part of the housing, connected to the receiving chamber, the upper part of which is connected to suction air channel, equipped with a device for removing light impurities, installed in the lower part of the suction air channel, a device for separating large impurities, under which there is a device for removing cleaned grain. The chamber for receiving impurities is equipped with a device for removing impurities. The material flow divider is made in the form of a bar lattice with a step that provides an unobstructed passage of grain and prevents the passage of large impurities. EFFECT: increased efficiency of material flow separation is provided by preliminary preparation of material by dividing it into fractions on a material flow splitter and subsequent separate separation of grain and large impurities on a coarse impurity separation device. 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture, namely, to the designs of machines for post-harvest processing of seeds and grain, and can be used as a grain cleaning machine for the primary removal of various impurities from the grain material.

Known grain cleaning machine containing a loading window connected to the housing, placed in the housing a distribution auger and a shaker located under the loading window, a device for separating large impurities installed below the distribution auger obliquely and made in the form of a mesh conveyor equipped with a grid, upper and lower shafts, shutter and drive, suction and discharge air channels, covering the fan, which is diametrical and equipped with a drive, located in the lower part of the housing sediment chamber, the upper part of which is connected to the suction channel, equipped with a device for removing light impurities, made in the form of a screw. (Trubilin E.I. Mechanization of post-harvest processing of grain and seeds: a textbook for students of agricultural universities / E.I. Trubilin, N.F. Fedorenko, A.I. Tlishev. - Krasnodar, 2009. - pp. 23-24, Fig. 3.1. / [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: URL: https://kubsau.ru/upload/iblock/9a0/9a084996e36b5167b80ef21fa89222e6.pdf (date of access: 03.02.2020)).

The main disadvantage of this grain cleaning machine is the low efficiency of separation of the material flow due to the absence of preliminary separation of light impurities from the material supplied to the separation device of large impurities, and the lack of separation into fractions of the material stream entering the suction air channel.

The closest to the proposed utility model in terms of the technical essence and the achieved result (prototype) is a grain cleaning machine containing a receiving chamber with a loading window located in the housing, fixed in a zigzag obliquely to the direction of material flow by an upper material flow guide, a lower material flow guide, material flow dividers a material flow divider installed obliquely between the pitched boards, a suction air channel communicated with the receiving chamber, in which the lower end of the material flow divider is placed, and a discharge air channel covering a fan, which is diametrical and equipped with a drive, a sediment chamber located in the lower part of the body, the upper part of which is connected to the suction air duct, equipped with a device for removing light impurities, a device for separating large impurities installed in the lower part of the suction air duct, under which the device is located output of refined grain, a chamber for receiving impurities with a device for removing impurities (patent RU 189061, IPC В07В 4/02 (2006.01)).

The disadvantage of this grain cleaning machine is the low efficiency of material separation into fractions when it is fed into the suction air channel, since the material flows entering the suction air channel from the material flow divider and the pitched board contain grain, light impurities and large impurities. During separation in the suction air channel, the trajectories of these components intersect due to the difference in aerodynamic properties, grain and large impurities prevent the release of light impurities, and large heavy impurities and grain enter the device for separating large impurities in one stream, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the grain cleaning machine.

The technical problem, the solution of which is provided in the implementation of the utility model, is to create a grain cleaning machine with an increased separation efficiency of the material flow by preliminary preparation of the material by dividing it into fractions on a material flow splitter and subsequent separate separation of grain and large impurities on a device for separating large impurities.

The solution to this technical problem is achieved by the fact that the grain cleaning machine contains a receiving chamber with a loading window located in the housing, an inclined material flow divider, under which a sloping board is installed, a suction air channel communicated with the receiving chamber, in which the lower end of the material flow divider is placed , and a discharge air channel, covering the fan, a sediment chamber located in the lower part of the housing, the upper part of which is connected to the suction air channel, equipped with a device for removing light impurities, a device for separating large impurities installed in the lower part of the suction air channel, under which there is a device for removing cleaned grain, a chamber for receiving impurities, equipped with a device for removing impurities, according to the utility model, the material flow divider is made in the form of a bar lattice with a step that ensures unhindered passage of grain and prevents the passage of large impurities.

An increase in the efficiency of the material flow separation is due to the implementation of the material flow divider in the form of a bar grate with a step that provides an unobstructed passage of grain and prevents the passage of predominantly straw impurities in the suction air channel and more intensive grain separation on the device for separating large impurities due to the separate separation of grain and large heavy impurities ...

The proposed utility model is illustrated by a drawing, where FIG. 1 shows a grain cleaning machine; FIG. 2 - view A of FIG. 1.

In addition, the drawing additionally indicates the following:

- solid lines with arrows show the direction of rotation of the fan, the device for removing light impurities, the device for removing impurities and the direction of movement of the separating surface of the device for separating large impurities;

- dotted lines with arrows show the direction of the air flow;

- solid lines with arrows and the letter "3" show the direction of grain movement;

- dotted lines with arrows and one dot show the direction of movement of light impurities of the material;

- thickened lines with arrows show the direction of movement of large material impurities.

The grain cleaning machine contains a receiving chamber 2 with a loading window located in the housing 1. The receiving chamber 2 can be made in the form of a zigzag channel, in the lower part it contains a material flow divider 3 installed obliquely above the pitched board 4. The lower end of the material flow divider 3 is located in the suction air channel 5, and the upper end is placed in the receiving chamber 2. Reported a fan 7 equipped with a drive (not shown in the drawing) is enveloped with a receiving chamber 2, a suction 5 and a delivery 6 air channels. Fan 7 can be diametrical. In the lower part of the housing 1 there is a sedimentation chamber 8, and its upper part is connected to the suction air channel 5. The sedimentation chamber 8 is equipped with a device 9 for removing light impurities. In the lower part of the suction air duct 5, a device 10 for separating large impurities is installed, under which a device 11 for removing the cleaned grain is located. The sedimentation chamber 8 communicates with the chamber 12 for receiving impurities by means of a device 9 for removing light impurities. The chamber 12 for receiving impurities is equipped with a device 13 for removing impurities. The splitter 3 of the material flow is made in the form of a bar grid, the bars 14 of which are installed with a pitch that provides an unobstructed passage of grain and prevents the passage of large impurities, mainly straw particles. Above the device 10 for separating large impurities, an elastic curtain 15 is installed. A shutter 16 is located in the discharge air channel 6. The device 10 for separating large impurities can be made in the form of a mesh conveyor containing a mesh 17, upper 18 and lower shafts 19 with sprockets 20 and a drive (on not shown in the drawing). The receiving chamber 2 is equipped with a zigzag arrangement of upper 21, middle 22 and lower 23 pitched boards and a material flow divider 24.

The grain cleaning machine works as follows.

The flow of material is fed through the loading window into the receiving chamber 2 of the grain cleaning machine and moves downward under the action of gravity. Due to the action of dissipative forces when moving along the sloping boards 21, 22, 23 and the divider 24, the material flow expands and is evenly distributed over the width of the grain cleaning machine. In the process of movement in the receiving chamber 2, due to variable accelerations and impacts on the elements of the receiving chamber 2. the flow of material is additionally stratified, light impurities move to the upper layers, and heavier ones, including grain, move to the lower layers.

From the pitched board 4, the material enters the divider 3 of the material flow, where it is divided into two streams, and the grain that has passed between the rods 14 arrives on the pitched board 4, and large impurities, in particular, strawy impurities, move from the rods 14 to the suction air channel 5 ... Thus, on the divider 3, the material is divided into two fractions, which then enter the suction air channel 5 at different heights and depths of the channel - large impurities, mainly straw particles, come from the bars 14 of the divider 3, and grain comes from the pitched board 4. Due to the vacuum created by the fan 7, light straw impurities are carried away by the air flow into the sediment chamber 8, through the device 9 for removing light impurities, they enter the chamber 12 for receiving impurities and are then removed from the grain cleaning machine by the device 13 for removing impurities. The degree of vacuum in the air intake duct 4 is regulated by damper 16.

Grain and large impurities entering the suction air channel 5 in two streams go down and fall on the mesh 17, and the grain falls on the beginning of the working section of the mesh 17, and large impurities - closer to leaving the mesh 17. Grain that has passed through the mesh enters into the device 11 of the output of cleaned grain and is removed from the machine. The elastic curtain 15 facilitates the passage of grain through the net 17 of the mesh conveyor. Large impurities are carried away by the grid 17 and are sent to the chamber 12 for receiving impurities and then removed from the grain cleaning machine by the device 13 for removing impurities.

Thus, the use of the proposed grain cleaning machine leads to an increase in the separation efficiency of the material flow due to the preliminary preparation of the latter by separation into fractions - grain and large, mainly strawy impurities, and their subsequent separate separation.

Claims (1)

Grain cleaning machine, containing a receiving chamber with a loading window located in the housing, an obliquely installed material flow divider, under which a sloping board is installed, a suction air channel communicated with the receiving chamber, in which the lower end of the material flow divider is placed, and a discharge air channel covering the fan, a sedimentation chamber located in the lower part of the housing, the upper part of which is connected to the suction air channel, equipped with a device for removing light impurities, a device for separating large impurities installed in the lower part of the suction air channel, under which there is a device for removing cleaned grain, a chamber for receiving impurities equipped with an output device impurities, characterized in that the material flow divider is made in the form of a bar lattice with a step that provides an unobstructed passage of grain and prevents the passage of large impurities.

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