RU2611176C1 - Universal grain-cleaning machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: universal air-and-sieve grain-cleaning machine comprises a system of pre-sieve and post-sieve aspirations, drive upper and lower sieve pans with a set of sieves, trays for large, small and coarse fractions, a grain flow divider. The upper sieve pan contains tailings, cleaning and sorting sieves. The tailings and cleaning sieves are mounted with a reverse slope with respect to the sorting sieves, and the lower pan comprises a set of sorting sieves. At the output the sorting sieves are equipped with trays for output of the main faction, over which the dividing plates are located, adjustable in height relative to the surface of the sorting sieves.

EFFECT: use of this invention enables to reduce the energy costs for processing of grain heap.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to grain and seed cleaning machines.

Universal grain cleaning machines have pre-sieve and post-sieve suction systems, as well as sieve mills with flat sieves installed on them with cleaning mechanisms. Timely separation of the grain heap into fractions requires increasing the productivity of machines and their working bodies, improving their designs.

Known two-aspiration less energy-intensive pneumatic system of a grain cleaning machine (RF patent No. 2469525, A01F 12/44, B07B 4/02, bull. 35). The pneumatic system of a grain cleaning machine includes a device for distributing and introducing grain heaps, a horizontal pneumatic separating channel for pre-sieve aspiration, a vertical pneumatic separating channel for post-sieve aspiration, sedimentary chambers with devices for removing impurities separated by aspiration, and other technical solutions.

The use of the same air flow in two suction channels, the relatively short length and the minimum number of turns allow you to reduce the total air flow of the pneumatic system and energy costs.

Known grain cleaning separator TAS LAAB type TAS-206A-2 company "Buhler" (site http://www.buhlergroup.com) - prototype - including a pneumatic system with channels of pre-sieve and post-sieve aspiration and sedimentation chambers, a device for the distribution and input of grain heaps with gravity valve, grain flow divider, sieve mills.

The disadvantage of the pneumatic system of the machine is the presence of turns and the relatively large length of the post-sieve aspiration channel, which leads to an increase in resistance and an increase in energy costs.

The objective of the invention is the reduction of energy costs for the processing of grain heaps.

The technical result is an increase in the quality of grain cleaning.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a universal air-sieve grain cleaning machine, including a system of pre-sieve and post-sieve aspiration, the drive upper and lower sieve mills with a set of sieves, trays for outputting large, small and feed fractions, the grain flow divider between the tiers of the sieve mills, the upper the sieve mill contains spike, sowing and sorting sieves, of which the spike and sowing sieves are installed with a reverse slope relative to the sorting sieves, and the lower sieve mill This turns the set sorting sieves with sieve sorters at the output tray are provided for the withdrawal of the main fraction, on which are arranged dividing plate, adjustable in height relative to the surface of the sorting sieves.

The essence of the technical solution lies in the fact that uniform feeding of sorting sieves to the beginning is ensured by installing spike and sowing sieves with a reverse slope relative to the sorting sieves, as well as reducing the amount of grain heap fed into the post-sieve aspiration channel by installing dividing plates that divide the moving grain layer into the lower and upper, while the lower layers, reaching the end of the sieves, fall into the output trays of the main fraction, bypassing the air separation channel after eshetnoy purification, and the upper layer from all sorting sieves enters the vertical bore and into pneumoseparating poslereshetnoy separation channel, wherein the significantly reduced amount of grain fed into poslereshetnoy aspiration channel, and improves the quality of its cleaning.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the proposed universal air-sieve grain cleaning machine (side view), FIG. 2 shows the installation diagram of the dividing plates.

The two-aspiration air-sieve machine includes a feeding device 1 with a throwing drum 2 and a valve 3, a horizontal pneumatic separating channel of pre-sieve aspiration 4 with an adjustable air intake window 5, a pre-sieve aspiration chamber with sections for receiving grain 6 cleaned by the air flow, with a sealing valve 7 and a section for collecting feed fraction 8 with a control valve 9 located between them, sedimentary chambers of pre-sieve 10 and post-sieve 11 aspirations, devices 12 and 13 for outputting precipitated chambers of grain heap components, a vertical pneumatic separation channel for post-sieve aspiration 14, an air intake channel 15 with a valve 16 for adjusting the air flow rate, an upper sieve mill with spike 17 and sieving 18 sieves, trays for outputting large 19 and small 20 fractions, a guide grain flows 21, the upper and lower sieve mills with sorting sieves 22 and trays 23 installed in them for outputting feed grain allocated to each of the sorting sieves, the drive mechanism GOVERNMENTAL mills 24, dividing plate 25 for separating the main flow fraction into two layers: the upper to the content therein more lightweight paddy grain to the presence of grains and the lower containing only full caryopses which enter the trays 26 and are removed from the machine. The upper layer with the presence of unbroken grains through channel 27 is fed into the channel of the post-sieve pneumatic separation, where inferior grains are emitted by the air flow and carried into the sedimentation chamber of the pre-sieve aspiration 11.

Universal grain cleaning machine operates as follows. An external fan mounted on a cyclone, located separately (not shown), takes dusty air through the intake duct 15 along with lightweight impurities from section 8 of the sedimentation chamber of the pre-suction suction. In section 8, air enters from the atmosphere, passing sequentially through a grain layer exiting the machine into the post-sieve suction channel 14, then into the sedimentation chamber of the post-sieve suction 11, the air-separating channel of the pre-sieve suction 4 and the sedimentation chamber of the pre-sieve aspiration 8. From the feeding device 1, the throwing drum 2 covered with elastic material with screw-shaped grooves ensuring uniform loading of the machine, the grain heap is thrown at an angle of 45 ... 50 ° into the air-separating channel of the pre-sieve aspirate II. The direction of the throw-in is provided by the valve 3. In this case, the grain heap is blown by a horizontal air stream passing through the pneumatic separation channel of the post-sieve separation 14, the sediment chamber of the post-sieve aspiration 11 and the pneumatic separation channel of the pre-sieve aspiration 4. Part of the air directly enters the pneumatic separation channel through the adjustable air intake window 5. pre-sieve aspiration 4, increasing and aligning the cross-sectional velocity of the air flow in the heap entry zone to the desired values. At the same time, dust and most of the weeds, crushed and biologically defective grains are removed from the grain pile by the air stream.

Biologically defective, part of the crushed grain and weeds, settles in the sedimentation chamber 10 and the screw 12 is removed from the machine. Heavier components of the heap settle in the sedimentation chamber 6 and through the valve 7 are carried out on the spike sieve of the upper sieve mill. The ratio of the grain heap discharged into the channel 6 and the sedimentation chamber 8 is regulated by valve 9. Dust, lightweight non-grain components and part of the weeds are transported by air flow to a dust separator (not shown in the diagram), where it is separated from the air, and the latter is fed into the atmosphere by a fan. The ratio of the heap allocated in sections 6 and 8 is regulated using the control valve 9.

The spike sieve 17 emits large impurities that are discharged from the machine through the tray 19, and the remaining part of the heap wakes up on the sowing sieve 18, where small impurities are released by the passage, which are discharged from the machine through the tray 20. The grain heap, descending from the sowing sieves, enters the grain flow guide 21, where it is divided into parts, the number of which corresponds to the number of tiers of sorting sieves 22 of the upper and lower sieve mills. On sorting sieves, the grain is divided into the main (gathering) and feed (pass) fractions. The feed fraction along the transverse trays 23 is discharged from the machine.

When moving along sieves, the main fraction undergoes self-sorting: mostly dense grains move to the lower layers, and grains with a looser structure, the remaining biologically defective and unfrozen grains, move to the upper layers. The sieve mills are driven in oscillatory motion by a mechanism 24. At the end of the sorting sieves 22 of each tier, dividing plates 25, adjustable in height h, which divide the moving grain layer into lower and upper, are installed parallel to the last. The distance h is selected based on the operating mode of the universal grain cleaning machine (primary and seed cleaning) and is 6-10 mm. The lower layers with grains, having a high density, reaching the end of the sieves, fall into the transverse trays 26 and are displayed on one of the sides of the machine, bypassing the pneumatic separating channel post-sieve cleaning. The top layer from all sorting sieves enters the vertical channel 27 and then into the pneumo-separating channel of the post-sieve separation 14, where lightweight grains are carried out into the sedimentation chamber 11. At the same time, the amount of grain supplied to the post-sieve aspiration channel is significantly reduced and the quality of its cleaning is improved.

The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is to improve the quality of cleaning of grain material, as well as improving the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the staff.

Claims (1)

Universal air-sieve grain cleaning machine, including a system of pre-sieve and post-sieve suction, drive upper and lower sieve mills with a set of sieves, trays for outputting large, small and feed fractions, a grain flow divider between the tiers of the sieve mills, characterized in that the upper sieve mill contains spike, sowing and sorting sieves, of which spike and sowing sieves are installed with a reverse slope relative to the sorting sieves, and the lower sieve mill includes a sorting set sieve sieves, and at the exit the sorting sieves are equipped with trays for outputting the main fraction, above which dividing plates are placed, adjustable in height relative to the surface of the sorting sieves.

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