RU2396122C1 - Device for grinding and separation of feed grains - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for grinding feed grains, followed by separation of products of grinding and can be used in agriculture, particularly on livestock farms and feed shops. This device for grinding and separation of feed grain includes a grinding chamber with a loading hopper, a rotor with hingedly hanging hammers, a deck, a butterfly valve, drop tubes, a separator, a return channel, dust extractor. The drop tubes is communicated with the crushing chamber having a vertical cylindrical body, through the volute set out in its lower part perpendicular to the drop tubes. Radius of the volute head is equal to the radius of drop tubes. The side walls are made as the shear between the cylindrical body of the grinding chamber and the volute head. The butterfly valve is located in the volute and fixed on the axis. The dust extractor separates the upper section of the separator, forming a vacuum chamber equipped with a regulator. The return channel is built into the lid of the grinding chamber directly on the rotor axis.

EFFECT: increase of productivity of the device and uniformity of grinding, as well as improvement of quality of grinding and separation, and reduction of energy and material consumption.

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Description

The invention relates to a device for grinding feed grain followed by separation of grinding products and can be used in agriculture, in particular on livestock farms and animal feed workshops.

Known feed crushers (SU 1607740 A1, 04/27/88, SU 1741903 A1, 07/10/90), containing a grinding chamber with a rotor, a separating device and a separation chamber. In these crushers, the air-product mixture from the grinding chamber through the pipeline enters the separation chamber, distributed uniformly along its entire length, is divided into fractions, while large particles pass into the return pipe for regrinding, and excess air is vented through the next pipe and through the pipe, combining these two pipes, returns to the grinding chamber.

Since the accumulation of material is possible when large particles exit the return pipe, counterpressure is created, which eliminates the stable operation of the closed cycle. Also, the entrance of large particles from the pipeline into the grinding chamber along the radius is difficult, because on the periphery of the chamber, the rotor and the moving layer of the crushed material create additional resistance.

A known installation for grinding and enrichment of feed grain (RU 2127070 C1, 12/11/1997), including nodes grinding with recycling, sieve and air separation. The location of the rotor vertically allows this installation to work in reverse mode. However, the main disadvantage of this installation is the use of air self-separation, since the grain material is heated during grinding, then cooled by atmospheric air, saturated with moisture and adheres to the sieve and the vertical recycle suction channel. A fine grinding fraction whose windage is equal to or higher than the windbreak of husks falls into the ascending pneumatic separating channel with recycle, and it goes to waste through a cyclone. This separation scheme allows for large feed losses. In addition, the communication of the pneumo-separating ring channel through the funnel with a vertical suction channel does not provide stable rarefaction of air, and therefore, recirculation (recycle).

The closest in technical essence of the invention is the crusher DB-5 (Kulakovsky I.V., Kirpichnikov F.S., Reznik E.I. Machines and equipment for the preparation of feed. Reference book. Part 1. Moscow, Rosselkhozizdat, 1987 p. 152-153, Fig. 42). Shredded material is transported from the crushing chamber to the feed line due to the throwing effect of the rotor and the air flow created by it. The intensification of the air flow occurs due to the vortex chamber installed in the crusher body. The mixture of crushed material and air through the feed pipe enters the separation chamber, where the sieve is installed. Part of the crushed product passes through the openings of the sieve separator and is discharged as a finished product, and the under-crushed fraction is returned to the crushing chamber through the return channel for re-grinding.

From the practice of operating the DB-5 crusher, it is known that the static state of the sieve does not ensure the completeness of separation of the product-air flow. The sieve is often clogged, which does not allow grinding of a given quality. In addition, half of the crushing chamber (180 °) is not used for grinding, as busy loading raw materials and unloading the crushed mass. This negatively affects the performance of the crusher and the quality of grinding. According to its design features, reverse rotor operation is not possible, which leads to a frequent change of hammers and decks.

The objective of the invention is to create an installation for grinding and separation of feed grain, allowing the process of grinding, sieving and recycling (recycling) of a large part of the crushed material (descent) for re-grinding to be carried out in a continuous stream by feeding a heap for sieving due to the air pressure created by the crushing rotor chambers in the deck zone, and the firewood effect, with the maximum use of the latter, and transportation of a large part (gathering) for re-grinding is done using vacuum, creating It can also be carried out by the rotor, but in the center of the crushing chamber, while ensuring that all processes are carried out from the crushing chamber electric motor when the rotor is in reverse operation, which eliminates the use of additional mechanisms to ensure the circulation of the crushed material, increases the productivity of the plant with a given uniform grinding, and also reduces energy and material consumption.

The task is achieved in that in the installation for grinding and separation of feed grain, including a crushing chamber with a loading hopper, a rotor with pivotally suspended hammers, a deck, a rotary damper, a feed pipe, a separator, a return channel, a dust separator, the new one is that the feed pipe is connected to a crushing chamber having a vertical cylindrical body, by means of a cochlea mounted in its lower part perpendicular to the feed pipe, and the radius of the head of the cochlea is equal to the radius of the feed pipe, side walls and made as tangent between the cylindrical body of the crushing chamber and the head of the cochlea, while the rotary damper is placed in the cochlea and fixed on the axis, the dust separator separates the upper section of the separator, forming a vacuum chamber equipped with a regulator, and the return channel is built into the cover of the crushing chamber directly along the axis rotor.

In order to maximize the use of the firewood effect and the air pressure of the rotor in the deck area for transporting the crushed material (heap) to the sieving, the feed pipe is communicated with the crushing chamber by means of a cochlea installed in its lower part perpendicular to the feed pipe. The radius of the cochlea’s head equal to the radius of the feed pipe and the side walls as tangent between the cylindrical body of the crushing chamber and the cochlea’s head makes it possible to increase the flow advancement, and the placement of a rotary damper fixed on the axis and serving as a separator, determine its direction and use the crushing chamber in reverse mode, as when the rotor rotates in one direction by turning the shutter, the corresponding part of the cochlea is cut off and the crushed material is sent to the feed line, and when the rotor rotates in the other direction (reverse), the other part of the cochlea is cut off. Using the reverse mode makes it possible to exclude frequent replacement of hammers and double the life of the deck.

Embedding the dust separator directly in the upper section of the separator allows you to create a vacuum chamber for suctioning a large part (descent) for re-grinding, and the presence of a regulator makes it possible to control the magnitude of the vacuum - the suction force.

Also, the integration of the return channel into the cover of the crushing chamber directly along the axis of the rotor enhances the absorption in a closed system for returning a large part (descent) to the regrinding created during rotation of the rotor.

All this together allows for reliable circulation of the crushed material in a continuous stream without the introduction of additional mechanisms, to increase the productivity of the installation and the uniformity of grinding, as well as reduce energy and material consumption.

Figure 1 presents a General view of the installation for grinding feed grain, figure 2 is a section along aa figure 1

Installation for grinding and separation of feed grain contains a crushing chamber 1 with a cylindrical body (figure 1), on the lid 2 (figure 1, 2) which has a loading hopper 3 with a valve 4 (figure 1). An electric motor 6 is attached to the bottom 5 of the crushing chamber, connected to a vertical rotor located in the casing of the crushing chamber 1 and including a shaft 7 with a blade disk 8 fixed thereon, equipped with removable blades 9, rotor disks 10, hammers 11 freely rotating on the axes 12 and a cylindrical deck 13. At the exit of the crushing chamber, from the feed pipe 14 (Figs. 1, 2), in its lower part there is a cochlea 15 communicating the crushing chamber with the feed pipe, the radius of the head of which is equal to the radius of the feed pipe 14, and the side walls are made they are tangent between the cylindrical body of the crushing chamber 1 and the head of the cochlea 15. In the cochlea 15, a rotary damper 17 (separator) is mounted on the axis 16, and a feed pipe 14 is provided perpendicularly to the head of the cochlea 15, equipped with an elastic pipe 18 (Fig. 1), which through the cyclone 19 communicates with the separation chamber 20, located on the cover 2 of the crushing chamber 1 and mounted on the racks 21 by means of links 22. The separation chamber 20 contains a woven sieve 23 that separates the chamber into upper and lower sections and is installed obliquely, a phenomenon opposite to the inclination of the discharge bottom 24, a dust separator 25 separating the upper section of the separation chamber to form a vacuum chamber 26 provided with a regulator 27 and an electric vibrator 28. The vacuum chamber 26 communicates with the cover 2 of the crushing chamber 1 through the return channel 29 (Fig. 1 , 2), also equipped with an elastic pipe 30 (figure 1), and the return channel 29 is built into the cover 2 of the crushing chamber 1 directly along the axis of the rotor. The entire installation is mounted on frame 31.

Installation for grinding and separation of feed grain works as follows. An electric motor 6 is started, attached to the bottom 5 of the crushing chamber 1, having a cylindrical body with a cochlea 15, and an electric vibrator 28 mounted on the separation chamber 20. The feed grain with the open shutter 4 comes from the feed hopper 3 mounted on the cover 2 of the crushing chamber 1, the crushing chamber 1, is accelerated by the rotor disks 10, mounted on the shaft 7, is hit by hammers 11, freely rotating on the axes 12, deck 13 and is destroyed. In the established mode, the crushed material is evenly distributed over the height of the entire cylindrical surface of the deck 13. Under the influence of the hammers 11, their own weight, constant back-up of feed grain continuously produced in the crushing chamber 1 created by the air rotor in the deck zone, and firewood effect, as well as by removable blades 9 of the blade disk 8, rigidly mounted on the rotor shaft 7, the crushed mass is thrown into the cochlea 15, in which a rotary damper 17 mounted on the axis 16, separating the corresponding part of the cochlea 15 sends it to the feed pipe 14. Moreover, the firewood effect increases due to the passage of the crushed mass by a continuous stream along the side wall of the cochlea 15, which is tangent between the cylindrical body of the crushing chamber 1 and the head of the cochlea 15, and limited by the rotation of the shutter 17 (separator) guiding him. Through the feed pipe 14, perpendicularly attached to the cochlea 15, the crushed mass rises into the cyclone 19, where it is separated from the air, which is released into the atmosphere. Next, the crushed mass enters the separation chamber 20, mounted on racks 21 by means of links 22, settles on a sieve 23 and is sifted under the action of a working electric vibrator 28. Finished product - the passage passing through the sieve 23 along the inclined unloading bottom 24 is sent to the container, and what remains on the sieve 23, a large part (descent), through the opening in the dust separator 25, on which flour dust settles, enters the vacuum chamber 26 equipped with a regulator 27, which, by changing the amount of the flow of vanishing, control the vacuum - the suction force. Next, a large part (gathering) through the return channel 29, built into the cover 2 of the crushing chamber 1, directly along the axis of the rotor, is fed to re-grinding (recycling). With constant vibration of the separation chamber 20, the stable operation of the entire system is ensured by the presence of an elastic pipe 18 in the feed pipe 14 and an elastic pipe 30 in the return channel 29. The installation for grinding and separation of feed grain is mounted on the frame 31, which ensures the reliability of its operation. The frequency and strength of the vibration is regulated by an electric vibrator 28. If necessary (regulation of the degree of grinding) hammers 11, sieve 23 and deck 13 are replaced.

Thus, this installation for grinding and separation of feed grain, due to the air pressure of the rotor in the deck zone and the maximum use of the firewood effect created by the rotor, by strengthening it in the cochlea with this design, incorporating a dust separator into the separation chamber, with the formation of a vacuum chamber equipped with a regulator, as well as the reverse operation of the rotor of the crushing chamber allows for reliable circulation of the crushed material without the introduction of additional mechanisms, to increase productivity installation and uniformity of grinding, as well as reduce energy and material consumption.

Claims (1)

Installation for grinding and separation of feed grain, including a crushing chamber with a loading hopper, a rotor with pivotally suspended hammers, a deck, a rotary damper, a feed pipe, a separator, a return channel, a dust separator characterized in that the feed pipe is in communication with a crushing chamber having a vertical cylindrical body, by of the cochlea installed in its lower part perpendicular to the feed pipe, and the radius of the head of the cochlea is equal to the radius of the feed pipe, the side walls are made tangent between the cylinder with the crusher chamber body and the scroll head, while the rotary damper is placed in the scroll and fixed on the axis, the dust separator separates the upper section of the separator, forming a vacuum chamber equipped with a regulator, and the return channel is built into the crushing chamber cover directly along the axis of the rotor.