RU2752143C1 - Centrifugal chopper of bulk agricultural materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to devices for crushing bulk agricultural materials. The centrifugal grinder contains a hopper with a loading mouth, a casing of the working chamber of the grinder with an unloading mouth, a rotor installed inside the chamber, a deck and a sieve. An opening is made in the feed neck, providing air intake for supplying it to the working chamber of the grinder. The discharge neck is located in the lower part of the working chamber and its axis is vertical.

EFFECT: will provide high-quality grinding of bulk agricultural materials.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for grinding feed grains, mineral additives, cake and oilseed meal, and can be used for the preparation of feed in animal husbandry.

Known hammer crushers for grinding feed grains, including a housing in which a rotor with hammers, fixed decks and a sieve are installed [1].

The disadvantages of hammer crushers are the high energy consumption of the grinding process, a small resource of the working bodies, with wear of the hammers, the intensity, quality of the grinding process and the productivity of the crusher decrease.

The closest, taken as a prototype, is a fodder grain grinder [2], which includes a body with an unloading neck, a rotor with flat accelerating blades rotated in the direction of rotation at an angle of 8 ° to the rotor diameter, a plate with baffle elements of a trapezoidal section and a sieve installed around the rotor , a cover with a loading hopper and a movable gate.

The main disadvantage of this grinder is a significant decrease in the quality of grinding, clogging of the rotor with an increase in the supply of material to the grinding chamber. This occurs due to the weak air flow inside the grinding chamber, which does not sufficiently promote the movement of material particles from the inlet to the outlet and cleaning the working bodies, as well as due to the deviation of the axis of the discharge pipe from the vertical position, while the removal of grinding products occurs to a greater extent due to the action centrifugal force, without gravity.

The technical objective of the claimed invention is to improve the design, increase productivity, obtain high-quality grinding and increase the operational reliability of the centrifugal grinder.

The problem is solved by the fact that a centrifugal grinder of bulk agricultural materials, including a housing with an unloading neck, a rotor with flat blades rotated in the direction of rotation to the rotor diameter, fixed on brackets and a deck with trapezoidal bumpers and a sieve located around the rotor, a cover with a loading hopper and the regulating flap, according to the invention, the selection of air for supply to the grinding chamber is carried out through an opening in the loading nozzle, and also due to the fact that the axis of the unloading throat of the grinding chamber is vertical.

Fresh air supply is controlled by a slide damper installed in the guides.

The proposed design of the grinder of bulk agricultural materials, due to its distinctive features, provides a solution to the task - improving the design, increasing productivity, obtaining grinding of a given granulometric composition, and eliminating clogging of the space between the rotor, deck and sieve, thereby increasing its operational reliability.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the grinder.

The body of the working chamber 1 is welded to the rear wall 2, and the front wall 3 is removable: it is attached to the rear wall with four pins 4.

With an indent from the edge to the body of the working chamber, plate 5 is welded with a seal glued to it, which ensures the tightness of the front wall and excludes dust release from the working chamber.

A grain supply system is welded to the front wall, which includes a hopper 6, an adjusting flap 7 and a loading neck 8 with a hole 9 and a slide flap 10.

The unloading neck 11 is located in the lower part of the working chamber. The frame is a frame 12, welded from a steel corner, which is sheathed from the sides and top with steel sheets 13, which are attached to the frame with screws (the frame is shown in the diagram without a side plate to demonstrate the drive elements). The bed is installed on four vibration dampers 14.

The back wall 2 is attached to the frame of the bed with 12 bolted connections (not shown in the diagram). Inside the frame there are elements of the grinder rotor drive: an electric motor 15 and a V-belt transmission 16. The rotor drive shaft is located in the bearing housing 17.

The structure of the working chamber (with the front cover removed) is shown in Fig. 2.

Inside the body of the working chamber 1, the working bodies of the grinder are located:

- sieve 18;

- rotor 19 - formed by a set of disc 20, hub 21, ring 22 and blades 23, attached to the ring and disc by screw connections 24;

- deck 25 - formed by a set of curved plate 26 and bumpers 27, attached to the plate with bolts 28.

The rotor hub is mounted on the drive shaft and secured by a keyed connection, and the axial movement of the rotor is prevented by a locking screw 29, which is screwed into a hole in the drive shaft. Sieve 18 and deck 25 are fixed to brackets 31 with screws 30.

The grinder's working process consists of three operations: feeding grain into the working chamber, grinding grain, evacuating the particles of crushed grain from the working chamber.

Grain is fed from the bunker by gravity through the loading mouth when the control valve is opened. In this case, air is supplied to the working chamber through a hole in the wall of the loading neck.

Grain and air enter the working chamber. The grain is exposed to the action of the blades of the rotating rotor, which accelerate the not crushed and partially crushed grains and ensure their flow to the deck, where they are crushed when they hit the bumpers.

The particles formed during the destruction of the grains are carried out by the air flow through the openings of the sieve into the unloading neck and leave the working chamber.

If the size of the particles is large to pass through the openings of the sieve, then they, rotating in the air-product layer, are subjected to repeated impacts against the bumpers of the deck until they are crushed to the required size.

Experimental studies carried out by the authors (table) showed that when the grinder operates with a closed hole in the loading nozzle, the air enters the grinding chamber together with the grain from the bunker and through filtration through the grain layer in the bunker, while the maximum air speed in the unloading neck at the rotor speed 3750 min ^-1 is 2.7 m / s.

When the opening of the loading branch pipe is open, the air velocity in the unloading neck increases 1.8 ... 13 times, depending on the rotor speed, and reaches 4.8 m / s. Considering that the speed of hovering of the products of crushing of most agricultural materials with dimensions of 0.25 ... 1.5 mm is in the range of 1.0 ... 3.5 m / s, the use of an air sampling device for supplying it to the grinding chamber and the vertical installation of the axis of the unloading neck guarantee the advancement of the particles of the crushed material to the outlet and the cleaning of the working bodies of the grinder, contribute to an increase in productivity, to obtain a grinding of a given granulometric composition and to increase the operational reliability of the grinder.

Sources of information

1. Mishurov N.P. Technologies and equipment for the production of animal feed in farms: Handbook / N.P. Mishurov. - M .: FGBNU "Rosinformagrotech", 2012. - 204 p.

2. Pat. RF 189365, IPC В02С 13/00. Centrifugal crusher / A.M. Abalikhin, A.V. Krupin, T.A. Zhukova, E.A. Dolgova; applicant and patentee FGBOU VO Ivanovskaya State Agricultural Academy. Publ. 05/21/19, Bul. No. 15.

Claims (1)

Centrifugal grinder of bulk agricultural materials, including a hopper with a loading neck and an adjusting flap, a casing of a grinding working chamber with an unloading neck, a rotor installed inside the working chamber with flat blades rotated in the direction of rotation to the rotor diameter and fixed on brackets, as well as a deck placed around the rotor with bumpers of a trapezoidal section and a sieve, characterized in that a hole is made in the loading neck, providing air intake for supplying it to the working chamber, while the air supply is regulated by a slide gate installed in the guides, in addition, the unloading neck is located in the lower part of the working chamber and its axis is vertical.

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