RU2683540C1 - Hopper of combine harvester with pneumatic loading of grain by injection system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agricultural machine building. Hopper of the combine harvester includes the main tank A, sediment chamber B connected by common side walls and a closed air channel. Near the intermediate walls 15 there are two reflective visor 16 and 17, bordering the drum, installed between two curvilinear shields. Both guards are made of two moving sections and form the input window and the output channel. Drum is a rotating grating using curved blades and includes a drive for the main shaft with discs.EFFECT: invention provides a combination of the process of pneumatic sorting of grain and high quality of cleaning thereof.5 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, mainly to the bunkers of combine harvesters with pneumatic loading of grain.

The invention is known "Bunker of a combine harvester with pneumatic loading" (Auth. Certificate. 967375 published on 10.23.82, B., No. 39, IPC class 7 A01D 41/00, A01F 12/60), author V.F. Parinov, where the aim of the invention is to improve the quality of grain received in the hopper.

The goal is to clean the grain heap entering the hopper after threshing. The goal is achieved in that the main hopper is equipped with an additional hopper, expander and rotor with elastic fingers. An additional hopper is located on one of the sides of the main hopper, the expander is mounted above the mentioned hoppers and connects them, and the supply material pipe is located in the additional hopper and a rotor is installed behind its outlet in the expander.

The elastic fingers of the rotor are fixed in rows, located at an angle to the generatrix of the circumference of the rotor. The expander is equipped with a comb installed with overlapping rotor fingers.

The end of the supply material pipe has a nozzle having a rectangular section. The upper side of the nozzle is perforated and forms a sequentially located confuser and diffuser.

The nozzle is made with the possibility of movement and fixation relative to the material pipe. Moreover, one of the sides of the additional hopper is perforated. On the inner walls of the outlet pneumatic pipe, partitions are made located along a helical line. The side of the main hopper, on which the additional hopper is located, has a shutter.

During operation, the grain due to excess pressure enters the hopper through the material pipe. At the beginning, the aerosol mixture undergoes compression, passing the nozzle, and when leaving it expands and takes the form of a rectangle. This allows you to disperse the transported material over the entire width of the rotor, reducing the concentration of the transported material, which creates the opportunity to overcome the surface resistance of kapron threads. During compression, part of the air manages to escape through the perforated wall of the additional hopper.

During expansion, part of the small impurities falls out of the flow upward and is carried away into an additional hopper, while the rest, large, is retained in the nylon rotor threads, which are subsequently combed out by a comb and removed. Grain with increased inertia passes through the rotor, thereby reducing speed and, together with the remaining air, enters the main hopper, previously contacting with the curved front surface of the expander. Then, the air from the main hopper is removed through an air duct equipped with screw baffles to prevent the removal of grain from the tank.

Known technical solution ed. testimonial. No. 967375, as an analogue, does not have sufficient reliability in operation, cleaning quality and has limited performance. It is due to the following:

- firstly, the design of the rotor with kapron threads and its comb, which performs the combing out of small impurities, cannot be in operation for a long time. This is explained by the fact that, according to the description and the graphic part, kapron threads come into contact with the comb in tight conditions. This means that the threads experience repeated deformations. And since kapron threads after tension acquire high residual deformations, their direct shape will turn into a curvilinear shape, and with repeated exposure, the ends of the threads will take the form of a ring. Such a phenomenon will lead them to frequent breakage, causing a multiple increase in circumferential force, deformation of the comb needles and to clogging of the inner part of the body of kapron threads with the remnants of threshing products. Therefore, this node requires the replacement or development of new technical solutions;

- secondly, with the passage of the nozzle, the aerosol is first compressed, and then expands upon meeting the rotor. As indicated in the description of the invention, when compressing the flow of aerosol mixtures, only small impurities are released. However, this is not entirely true, because with any compression of the air mixture, not only small impurities, but also solid particles are knocked out into the open space. And, considering that in front of the flow of the moving air mixture a series of resistance arises - a meeting with the kapron filaments of the rotor, movement along the curved front surface of the expander, backpressure of the capacity of the main hopper, with filled air that does not have time to exit through the air pipe. All of these reasons contribute to the knocking out of large quantities of grain. As a result, grain enters the additional bunker along with the threshing waste products, which reduces such an important indicator as the separation accuracy. Moreover, with the deformation of kapron threads, it becomes possible for small impurities to enter the main hopper, and this already reduces the indicator - the cleaning effect;

- thirdly, the mentioned resistances in total reach a large value, which leads to a significant reduction in the pressure drop between the loading device and the main capacity of the hopper. Therefore, the injection pneumatic system that moves the threshing products into the hopper has a relatively low productivity for given data.

To eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks, a technical solution is known “Bunker of a combine harvester with pneumatic loading of grain of the injection system (patent for invention No. 2411713 published: 02.20.2011, B., No. 5, IPC class 7 A01F12 / 60, A01D 41/12), author Parinov V.F., Savelieva E.V., where the task is based on the invention - to develop a hopper that will improve the productivity and reliability of the process of moving threshing products and at the same time combine the process of pneumatic conveying of grain with its cleaning, separating product residues threshing.

The claimed bunker uses a discharge pneumatic system, which ensures the flow of grain into the bunker and simultaneously carries out preliminary cleaning without violating the technological process of threshing in a combine harvester.

The hopper contains on the upper base of the main tank bypass valves and a cylindrical separator unloader with a diameter of at least 6 (six) diameters of the material pipe.

The upper base of the separator of the unloader communicates with the sedimentary chamber by means of an expanding closed air channel having louvers mounted on the rear wall using a hinge. The upper wall of the air channel is equipped with a spring-loaded reflector, changing as necessary the position of its console edge relative to the upper base of the sedimentary chamber and its rear wall.

Between the upper wall of the channel and the console of the reflector mounted rotating drum made with a diameter of at least two diameters of the supply material pipe. On the surface of the cylinder at an angle α = 15 ° -20 ° to the generatrix, plates are fixed that contain needle-shaped teeth, which are an isosceles triangle in cross section. The needles and the surface of the cylinder are in contact with a spring-loaded brush, with the size of the tufts of bristles exceeding the height of the needles by more than two times.

Bypass valves are installed in the outlet windows of the air duct, made with a diameter of more than two diameters of the supply material pipeline and communicates with the through passage additional cavity formed on the roof of the main capacity of the hopper, using an air pipe, which has a breathable rectangular valve, where its width is at least 1, 5D, and a length of 6 diameters of the supply material pipe.

The rear wall of the sedimentary chamber is fixed to the lower wall of the closed air channel using a swivel joint. The back wall is equipped with a latch, shutters and adjusting screws in contact with the breathable screen, which interacts with the back wall with the help of adjusting double-joint rods.

Known technical solution, patent for invention No. 2411713 "Bunker of a combine harvester with pneumatic loading of grain by a pressure system", based on analysis, as a prototype, it has been established that it can be used effectively under stationary conditions as a grain cleaning machine for grain pre-treatment. A modern combine harvester is a mobile, energy-saturated and at the same time compact and complex machine with limited dimensions, where several technological processes take place simultaneously.

Therefore, the use of a well-known technical solution (prototype) in a combine harvester will cause the following disadvantages: - reduced productivity and reliability of the combine harvester, as well as poor quality of grain cleaning.

It is due to the fact that during the process of pneumatic transportation in the containers of the hopper there is a high excess pressure, which prevents the flow of air mixtures into the cylindrical separator, the unloader and containers A and B. Because the air flow with a sufficiently large volume occurs under pressure, and the output is only free expiration, that is, passively without compulsion, through the bypass valves of the duct and louvers and sediment chamber B, and partially through the hollow mesh drum.

As a result, the air volume inflow every second exceeds the volume of air leaving the hopper capacities for the same period of time. Moreover, due to design flaws, the air flow at the outlet encounters resistance, which affect the increase in overpressure in the hopper tanks.

Therefore, in the tanks of the hopper there is always a high overpressure, especially it reaches maximum dimensions in the cylindrical part of the separator of the unloader, which is the receiving device of the discharge system.

This prevents the flow of air mixture into the main tank A of hopper A and causes the following disadvantages: - intensive knocking of grain from the loading device; - the process of pneumatic transportation of air mixtures is accompanied by the phenomenon of "blockage" in the material pipeline; - in the cylindrical part of the separator of the unloader, the grain is removed from the main tank of the hopper A into the sedimentation chamber B together with weed impurities of threshing products, which will significantly reduce the quality of the cleaning process.

All the mentioned phenomena come from the following design flaws of the technical solution (prototype):

1. At the exit from the main capacity of the hopper A, the air flow encounters multiple resistance when it moves through the passage cavity, pipe, breathable valve and air duct and bypass valves. The resulting resistances prevent air from escaping from the containers of the hopper A of the unloader separator. Particularly high resistance to air flow occurs when passing through a breathable valve and bypass valves of the air duct. However, these structural elements are necessary, because in their absence, grain will be removed from the hopper.

2. A negative phenomenon is observed in the airflow output when the tanks of hopper A are filled with grain and sedimentary chamber B with weed impurities. As the hopper is filled with grain, the passage cavity gradually closes, which prevents the free exit of air through the bypass valves of the duct.

A similar phenomenon is observed in the sedimentation chamber, when the blinds are closed with impurities together with the breathable screen. Air only flows through the upper blinds. With this position, overpressure is present in all containers of hopper A, B and the separator of the unloader and the expanding air channel.

3. Resistance arises from the movement of air through an expanding closed air channel and, especially, it is large from the contact of air with the plane of the reflector, which squeezes and directs the air flow with weeds to the bottom of the sedimentary chamber.

4. The air outlet from the separator of the unloader and from the hopper is regulated only by the bypass valves of the duct. However, during the adjustment process, the valves are manually set to a specific position and locked. It must be recognized that it is not possible to carry out such adjustment work in the field during harvesting.

5. The hollow mesh drum does not affect the reduction of excess pressure in the sedimentary chamber B and does not regulate its value. The drum only separates the small particles from the air, which rise from the breathable screen, the blinds to the blinds. The mesh drum is a technical feature that can be effectively used in stationary grain cleaning machines.

6. Due to the lack of a bottom in sedimentary chamber B, the rear wall is located at an angle to the intermediate partition. With this arrangement of the rear wall, weed impurities, when leaving the edge of the reflector, are directed towards the blinds and the breathable screen, which leads to their closure. As a result, airflow only occurs through the upper blinds. This significantly limits the air outlet to the atmosphere and additionally causes an increase in excess pressure, and the absence of a bottom forces the discharge of weed impurities only to the ground, and not to the vehicle with the rear wall open. This disadvantage will also not allow the unloading of grain from the main tank of the hopper A through sedimentary chamber B.

Based on the above, the use of a well-known technical solution (prototype) is only possible in stationary conditions on grain cleaning and drying units. The use of it (prototype) in combine harvesters will reduce: - the performance of the injection pneumatic system when moving grain to the hopper; - the reliability of the unit as a whole and the process of cleaning bunker grain.

The basis of the invention is the task to develop a hopper that will ensure the productivity and reliability of moving grain into the hopper for promising high-performance combine harvesters and at the same time combine the process of pneumatic conveying of grain with high quality cleaning, separating weed impurities and residues of threshing products from grain, according to primary processing requirements grain.

The claimed bunker is used with the help of a pressure pneumatic system, which ensures reliable entry of grain into the bunker with high productivity for promising high-performance combines and carries out primary grain cleaning at the same time without disturbing the threshing process.

The hopper contains a sedimentation chamber B with an intermediate partition, near which there are two reflective visors, and they border a drum mounted between two curved flaps, forming an inlet window and an outlet channel, where both flaps consist of two movable sections.

The drum is a rotating grill and includes a drive for the main shaft with disks. Curved blades curved in the direction of rotation are fixed to the disks. An additional shaft is connected to the main shaft of the drum by means of a disconnectable clutch. The additional shaft is equipped with a paddle wheel, an independent drive and they are installed in a cylindrical casing isolated from the sedimentary chamber.

The inner cavity of the casing is able to communicate with the main capacity of the hopper using an annular breathable channel located around the perimeter at the base of the cylinder of the separator of the unloader.

The upper edges of both reflective visors are mounted above the unloader separator cylinder. Moreover, the edge of the curved visor is located below the edge of the flat visor, and the base of its concave cantilever part facing the main tank is at the level of the upper base of the cylindrical separator of the unloader.

Curved blades are mounted on the discs with an interval from each other of 45 to 50 mm with a blade width of 50 to 55 mm.

The rotation frequency of the main shaft is set from 750 to 1500 min ^-1 , and the additional from 1750 to 2000 min ^-1 . The opening angle of the input window is in the range from 140 to 160 °, and the angle of the output channel is taken from 120 to 140 °.

The sedimentation chamber is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, having a rigid bottom, and additional blinds on the side walls are made at the same level with the main blinds of the rear wall. An unloading hatch is mounted in the lower part of the rear wall, and the outer side of the bottom is equipped with a stiffening rib and an arm connected to the side folding tray by means of hinges. The hinged tray contacts the stiffener by means of adjusting bolts mounted on the hinged tray rods.

The material feed line borders the upper wall of the annular air-permeable channel, which is preferably in the cross section in the form of a rectangle. The outer wall of the annular channel has ventilation windows with adjusting valves, and the inner wall is made around the perimeter of breathable material. Above the inner wall there is a visor with a width of not less than the diameter of the supply material pipe with an angle of inclination of up to 45 °.

The claimed hopper has the following common features with the closest analogue (prototype):

1) the supply material pipe of the discharge pneumatic system;

2) the main tank for grain A with a front wall;

3) additional sedimentation chamber B for residues of threshing products with shutters on the rear wall;

4) common side walls bounding the main tank A and sedimentary chamber B on both sides;

5) an intermediate partition with a discharge flap;

6) a cylindrical separator unloader having a diameter of at least six diameters of the supply material pipe;

7) a closed air channel connecting the upper base of the separator of the unloader with sedimentary chamber B.

The design of the hopper differs from the prototype, providing, together with their common features, the receipt of the specified technical result in all cases to which the requested amount of legal protection applies:

1) near the intermediate partition of the sedimentary chamber there are two reflective visors and are bordered by a drum;

2) the drum is installed between two curved flaps, forming an input window and an output channel, where both flaps consist of two movable sections;

3) the drum is a rotating grill and includes a drive for the main shaft with disks;

4) curved blades are fixed on the disks, bent forward in the direction of rotation;

5) an additional shaft is connected to the main shaft of the drum using a disconnectable clutch;

6) the additional shaft is equipped with a paddle wheel, an independent drive and installed in a cylindrical casing isolated from the sedimentary chamber;

7) the insulated casing is able to communicate with the main capacity of the hopper A using an annular breathable channel;

8) an annular breathable channel is located around the perimeter at the base of the cylinder of the separator of the unloader;

9) the upper edges of both reflective visors are installed above the cylinder of the separator of the unloader, and the edge of the curved visor is located below the edge of the flat visor;

10) the base of the concave cantilever portion of the curved visor facing the main tank A is at the level of the upper base of the cylindrical separator of the unloader;

11) curved blades are mounted on the discs with an interval from each other from 45 to 50 mm with a width of the blades from 50 to 55 mm;

12) the rotation frequency of the main shaft is set from 750 to 1500 min ^-1 , and an additional from 1750 to 2000 min ^-1 ;

13) the opening angle of the input window takes from 140 to 160 °;

14) the angle of the output channel is in the range from 120 to 140 °;

15) sedimentary chamber B is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, having a rigid bottom;

16) additional blinds on the side walls are made flush with the main blinds of the rear wall;

17) an unloading hatch is mounted in the lower part of the rear wall;

18) the outer side of the bottom is equipped with a stiffener and an arm;

19) the bracket is connected to the side folding tray by means of hinges;

20) the hinged tray with the sides contacts the stiffener by means of adjusting bolts;

21) the adjusting bolts are installed on the rods on the folding tray;

22) the supply material pipe borders on the upper wall of the annular breathable channel;

23) the channel is in cross section mainly the shape of a rectangle;

24) the outer wall of the channel has ventilation windows with adjustment valves;

25) the inner wall of the annular channel is made around the entire perimeter of breathable material;

26) a visor with a tilt angle of up to 45 ° is installed above the inner wall of the annular channel;

27) the width of the visor is at least one diameter supplying the material pipe.

The supply of the hopper with two reflective visors, which are located near the intermediate partition and bordering the drum, installed between two curved flaps, forming an inlet window and an outlet channel, where both flaps consist of two movable sections, the drum being a rotating grate and includes a drive for the main shaft with disks, curved blades bent in the direction of rotation and mounted on the disks with an interval from each other from 45 to 50 mm with a blade width of 50-55 mm at a speed of from 750 to 1500 of the main a shaft connected by means of a disconnectable clutch with an additional shaft, with a rotation speed of 1750 to 2000 min ^-1 , equipped with an independent drive and a blade wheel, placed in a casing capable of communicating with the main capacity of the hopper using an annular breathable channel located around the perimeter the base of the cylinder of the separator of the unloader, where the upper edges of both reflective peaks are installed above the cylinder of the separator of the unloader, and the edge of the curved peak is below the edge of the flat and the base of its concave cantilever part is at the level of the upper base of the cylinder of the separator of the unloader and facing the main tank of the hopper A relative to the sedimentary chamber B, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and includes additional shutters on the side walls, made at the same level with the main blinds, the bottom with a stiffener on the outside and an arm, connected by hinges to the side folding tray, in contact with the stiffener, by means of adjusting bolts, lips mounted on the bars of the hinged tray, and the supply material pipe is located above the upper wall of the annular air-permeable channel, representing in the cross section mainly the shape of a rectangle, where its outer wall has ventilation windows with adjustment valves, and the inside is made around the perimeter of a breathable mesh, above which is above installed a visor with an angle of inclination of up to 45 °, with a visor width not less than the diameter of the supply material pipeline, which allowed to increase productivity , Reliable pneumatic conveying process, with respect to prospective high performance grain harvesting implement and cleaning grain hopper with high quality on a primary processing level.

In FIG. 1 shows the inventive bunker of a combine harvester with pneumatic loading of grain of the injection system (general view of the hopper, side view). In FIG. 2 shows the inventive bunker of a combine harvester with pneumatic loading of grain of the injection system (general view of the bunker, top view). In FIG. Z depicts the inventive bunker of a combine harvester with pneumatic loading of grain of the injection system (section AA of Fig. 2). In FIG. 4 shows the inventive bunker of a combine harvester with pneumatic loading of grain of the injection system (section BB of Fig. 2). In FIG. 5 shows the inventive bunker of a combine harvester with pneumatic loading of grain of a discharge system (view A of FIG. 1). In FIG. 6 shows the inventive bunker of a combine harvester with pneumatic loading of grain of a discharge system (view BB of FIG. 2). In FIG. 7 shows a view I, FIG. 6.

An example of a specific implementation of the claimed object is the hopper of a combine harvester with pneumatic loading of grain of the injection system, containing the bottom 1 of the sedimentary chamber B. The bottom 1 is made of a rectangular shape and is a continuation of the bottom G of the main tank A. Parallel to the bottoms 1, G is the outer wall 2 of the annular air-permeable channel, which is in contact with the front wall 3 of the main tank of the hopper A for grain. The bottom wall 4 of the annular air-permeable channel is fixed on the main tank of the hopper A, in which the inner wall 5 is made around the entire perimeter of breathable material, and its outer wall has ventilation windows 7 with adjustment valves 6. The supply material duct 9 is located above the upper wall 8 of the annular air-permeable channel and the upper base 10 of the cylinder of the separator of the unloader is closed by a roof 11, representing the air channel connecting the main capacity of the hopper A with sedimentary chamber B. Above the breathable mesh 5 around the perimeter of the annular channel, a visor 12 is installed at an angle of inclination to the horizon of up to 45 °. The width of the visor is not less than the diameter of the supply material pipe. The material pipe 9 is mounted tangentially to the cylinder 13 of the unloader separator. The roof 11 of the air channel is equipped with an inspection hatch 14 for servicing the inside of the container A and partially sedimentary chamber B.

Near the intermediate partition 15, dividing the hopper into the tank A and sedimentary chamber B, there are two reflective visors. At the first visor 16, which is in contact with the partition, the free console is made curved, and its concave part faces the main capacity of the hopper A. At the second reflective visor 17, the edge of the flat free console is higher than the edge of the first visor 16. After adjusting the height of the edges of both visors 16 and 17 (setting to the desired height), the consoles are fixed. By means of the hinge 1 8, the casing 19 is opened to perform maintenance and repair work: drum compartments; main and additional shafts; condition of drives (hydraulic motors); impeller 20 with a cowl. An additional shaft 21 with an independent drive (hydraulic motor) is mounted on the frame by means of bearings with housings 22. The latch 23 is used to fasten the free part of the casing 19. The main blinds 24 are located on the rear wall 27, and additional shutters 25 and 43 are made on both side walls of the sedimentation chamber, which allows you to increase the living cross-section by three times as the air leaves the hopper. The duct pipes 26 and 41 are used to connect the annular air-permeable channel 2 with an insulated casing 50 (KV - fan casing), in which the impeller 20 with a cowl is installed, which is a single-stage axial fan.

A latch with a latch 28 holds the hinged tray with the sides 29 in an upright position. In the lower part of the rear wall 27, an unloading hatch 32 is installed using a hinge 30, and an unloading flap 33 of the intermediate partition 15 is mounted using a hinge 31 of two latches with a latch 40.

An bracket 35 is fixed on the outside of the bottom 1, and to improve its fastening, an additional angle 34 is installed between the bottom 1 and the bracket 35 to increase the rigidity of the structure. At the end of the cantilever part of the bracket 35 there is a hinge 38, with which the hinged tray 29 is installed in the working position with an angle of inclination.

Adjusting bolts 37 are located at the end of the flat lever 36 and are in contact with the stiffening rib 39. Due to the length of the lever 36 and the bolts 37, the angle of inclination of the folding tray with the sides is adjusted. Curved flaps 42 surround the drum on both sides, with the formation of the inlet window and the outlet channel. The drive 44, mainly a hydraulic motor, is connected to the main shaft 46 of the drum by means of a coupling 45.

On the main shaft 46, discs 47 are mounted on which curved blades 48 are fixed with an interval of 45 to 50 mm with a blade width of 50 to 55 mm, and the curved blades are made curved forward in the direction of rotation. The overall arrangement of the drum along with curved flaps 42 is a diametrical fan with a width of more than 1000 mm. The main shaft 46 of the drum is connected to the additional shaft 21 by means of a detachable clutch 49. Since the additional shaft 21 is equipped with an independent drive, both fans (diametrical and axial) can operate both sequentially and in parallel with different speeds of the said shafts or with temporary shutdown one of them from the work of the process. This will help to make adjustments to improve the quality of grain cleaning.

Due to the peculiarity of the loading device of the injection pneumatic system, during the operation of the combine harvester, the mass of grain entering the cylindrical separator per unit time corresponds to the mass of the air. This indicates that the air mixture transferred to the hopper has a weight concentration coefficient μ from 1 to 1.2.

If we take the productivity of promising high-performance combine harvesters for grinding grain of 6.5-7.0 kg / s, then to ensure the mentioned productivity, the air flow will be at least 5.5 m ³ / s.

This means that the aerosol mixture, consisting of air, grain and weedy impurities of the residues of the threshing products, entering the cylindrical separator, the unloader is divided into three streams: pure grain; impurities and air.

The entire process of separation of the air mixture is carried out by forced and separate air removal from the cylindrical separator of the unloader, the main tank of the hopper A and sediment chamber B. The most effective way to remove air from the tanks is the supply and exhaust ventilation. Air is removed from the separator of the unloader and sedimentation chamber B by a diametrical fan, and from the main capacity of the hopper A by an axial fan.

The drum casing of the diametrical fan is installed in the upper part of the sedimentation chamber B and is located between two curved flaps 42, each of which is made of two movable sections.

The edges of the shields 42, facing the cylinder capacity of the unloader separator and the reflective peaks 16, 17, form the inlet window C. The air, together with weed small impurities of the threshing products, enters the drum of the diametrical fan through the inlet window C. The amount of air supplied depends on: - opening angle input window C from 140 to 160 °; - frequency of rotation of the drum from 750 to 1500 min ^-1 ; - the opening angle of the output channel D from 120 to 140 ° and the opening size of the slots of the blinds of the sedimentary chamber B: the main 24; additional 25 and 43. Using the movable sections of the shields 42, the necessary opening angles of the input window C and the output channel D are set depending on the performance of the pneumatic system and the type of crop being harvested. The purity of the bunker grain is controlled using a flat reflective visor 17 and curved 16, the edges of which are located above the upper base 10 of the cylinder of the separator unloader. The low location of the edges of the reflective visors 16, 17 contributes to the entrainment of grain along with weed impurities in the sedimentation chamber. Particularly susceptible to this are grains with a low speed of movement, for example, oat grains or seeds of grass crops.

The removal of weed impurities together with air from the cylindrical separator of the unloader is carried out using a vacuum that creates a diametrical fan. The magnitude of the vacuum depends on the linear speed of the curved blades of the rotating drum, the number of blades, the width of the drum, its diameter and the size of the slits of the blinds of the sedimentary chamber B: primary and secondary. For this, the capacity of the diametrical fan is from 3.5 to 4 m ³ / s.

Under the action of vacuum, weed impurities of threshing products enter the inner part of the drum through a grate formed by curved blades 48 mounted on disks 47 with an interval of at least 45 mm from each other, and the length of the interval corresponds to the width of the drum and is more than 1000 mm. Given the area of one interval of 0.054 m ² , and their number is equal to the number of curved blades 48, the total area for the receipt of weed impurities in the inner part of the drum is 0.9 m ² . When grinding grain 7 kg / s. and weediness of 5%, no more than 0.35 kg of weed impurities enters the fan drum in 1 second. If the rotational speed of the drum is taken to be 900 min ^-1 , then the intake of weed impurities into its inner part in one revolution will be no more than 0.02 kg (20 grams). The same mass for one revolution of the drum rotation of the drum from 750 to 1500 min ^-1 ; - the opening angle of the output channel D from 120 to 140 ° and the opening size of the slots of the blinds of the sedimentary chamber B: the main 24; additional 25 and 43. Using the movable sections of the shields 42, the necessary opening angles of the input window C and the output channel D are set depending on the performance of the pneumatic system and the type of crop being harvested. The purity of the bunker grain is controlled using a flat reflective visor 17 and curved 16, the edges of which are located above the upper base 10 of the cylinder of the separator unloader. The low location of the edges of the reflective visors 16, 17 contributes to the entrainment of grain along with weed impurities in the sedimentation chamber. Particularly susceptible to this are grains with a low speed of movement, for example, oat grains or seeds of grass crops.

The removal of weed impurities together with air from the cylindrical separator of the unloader is carried out using a vacuum that creates a diametrical fan. The magnitude of the vacuum depends on the linear speed of the curved blades of the rotating drum, the number of blades, the width of the drum, its diameter and the size of the slits of the blinds of the sedimentary chamber B: primary and secondary. For this, the capacity of the diametrical fan is from 3.5 to 4 m ³ / s.

Under the action of vacuum, weed impurities of threshing products enter the inner part of the drum through a grate formed by curved blades 48 mounted on disks 47 with an interval of at least 45 mm from each other, and the length of the interval corresponds to the width of the drum and is more than 1000 mm. Given the area of one interval of 0.054 m ² , and their number is equal to the number of curved blades 48, the total area for the receipt of weed impurities in the inner part of the drum is 0.9 m ² . When grinding grain 7 kg / s. and weediness of 5%, no more than 0.35 kg of weed impurities enters the fan drum in 1 second. If the rotational speed of the drum is taken to be 900 min ^-1 , then the intake of weed impurities into its inner part in one revolution will be no more than 0.02 kg (20 grams). The same mass per revolution of the drum rotational speed up to 1500 min ^-1 . To do this, the disks 47 are fixed on the main shaft 46 rigidly and are additionally interconnected by curved blades 48, forming a single rigid structure, because the length of each blade 48 is equal to the width of the drum. On each disk 47 there are made radial through grooves having a profile of the blades 48. Each blade 48 is pressed into the grooves flush with the circumference of the disk and welded.

After all fixing work, the drum is tested for statistical and dynamic balancing. This completely eliminates the appearance of an imbalance of the drum during the passage of weed impurities and air through the grating intervals of the curved blades 48 from the input window C to the output channel D at the maximum frequency of rotation.

From the main capacity of the hopper A, the remaining air with excess pressure is removed by an axial fan, including the housing K.V. (fan case), which is a cylinder, where inside it, using bearings 22 with housings, an additional shaft 21 is mounted on which a blade impeller 20 is mounted together with an independent drive (hydraulic motor). The blades of the impeller 22 are fixed motionless on the sleeve. The presented axial fan design performs supply and exhaust ventilation, as does a diametrical fan. An axial fan with a diameter of the impeller impeller Dк≈320 mm, with a rotation frequency of 1750 to 2000 min ^-1 reaches a capacity of 2.0 to 2.5 m ³ / s when using an independent drive.

The vacuum from the axial fan is transferred only to the main tank of hopper A through the breathable wall 5 of the annular channel using the duct nozzles 26 and 41. This means that the suction deflector of the fan casing (KV) is isolated from the sediment chamber and connected to the duct nozzles 26 and 41 As a result, the air from the tank of the hopper A is removed due to vacuum and enters the suction fan deflector, and then it goes out into the atmosphere under pressure. Most of the air is removed by an axial fan from the main tank of the hopper A through the breathable wall 5, because the vacuum around it has a maximum value around the entire circumference of the annular channel. This is served by a visor 12, which limits the propagation of vacuum upward into the cylindrical part of the separator of the unloader.

If the speed of the impeller 20 of the axial fan is relatively low speed, then as you move away from the breathable wall 5 to the middle part of the capacity of the hopper A, the vacuum decreases and becomes overpressure.

The magnitude of the vacuum or overpressure in the capacity of the hopper A is controlled by the rotational speed of the impeller 20 and the valves 6 of the ventilation windows 7. To increase the vacuum, the impeller drive carries out an independent drive, which has an increased speed compared to the main drive 44. For this, the main shaft 46 of the vane the drum is disconnected from the additional shaft 21 by the coupling 49. The magnitude of the vacuum and its alignment around the entire perimeter of the annular breathable channel is additionally regulated by opening and closing By using valves of 6 ventilation windows 7. Ajar of all valves 6 entails air intake from outside through windows 7, which will reduce the vacuum around the entire perimeter and can cause excessive pressure. If we slightly open one valve, the vacuum will decrease in this one section.

Adjusting work using valves 6, opening or closing them by a certain amount, we set in the middle part of the main tank of the hopper A overpressure at the level of the free console of the visor 12. With the presence of excess pressure in the middle of the tank A, the air speed is regulated and set, which exceeds the rate of weed impurities threshing products.

Weed impurities during the movement of air mixtures along the ring of the separator of the unloader under the action of centrifugal force of grain are carried out in the middle part of the capacity of the hopper A and getting into the air flow of excess pressure, are carried out in a cylindrical separator unloader. Where, under the action of the vacuum created by the diametrical fan in the separator of the unloader, the weed impurities rise above the edge of the flat reflective visor 17 and fall into the inlet window C. Then, the weed impurities pass through the grating of curved blades into the inside of the diametrical drum due to centrifugal force and under the action of pressures with air are discharged through the outlet channel D on the bottom of the sedimentary chamber.

The sedimentation chamber B, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, is filled with weed impurities from the bottom 1 to the lower slots of the blinds - primary and secondary. Filling occurs with their uniform distribution over the entire area of the bottom 1 and constant compaction of the falling speed for snow, which they acquire when they exit the output channel D from the action of the peripheral force of the curved blades 48, the rotating drum and the pressure of the air flow. The weed impurities are evenly distributed over the entire length of the bottom 1, due to the width of the drum, which, like the outlet channel D of the diametrical fan, corresponds to the length of the back wall of sedimentary chamber B.

Most of the air volume supplied under pressure to the sedimentation chamber B enters immediately into the atmosphere through the upper slots of the blinds 24, 25 and 43, and the remaining air, after contact with a pile of weed impurities, rises up the vertical walls and, without encountering resistance, enters the atmosphere through the mentioned blinds. With the help of adjustment work, the pressure from vacuum to excess is established in the middle part of the main tank of hopper A with a minimum value, where the air speed exceeds the speed of soiling of impurities by 15-20%.

A vacuum is established in the main capacity of hopper A when harvesting crops with a minimum speed of soaring, these include: - oilseeds and industrial crops; - legumes and cereal grasses, in which the minimum speed of seed movement is in the range from 2.0 to 5.0 m / s. The excess pressure in the main tank of hopper A and the vacuum in the cylindrical separator of the unloader will add up to an air speed of 4-5 m / s, which will exceed the speed of soaring of oilseeds and legumes and cereal grasses. As a result, the bulk of the seeds of the harvested crop, together with weed impurities, will be removed to the sedimentation chamber.

This option is only suitable for harvesting major crops, in which the speed of grain soaring is at least 6-7 m / s.

Therefore, during the harvesting of oilseeds and industrial crops, as well as legumes and cereal grasses, a vacuum is installed both in the cylindrical separator by the unloader with a diametrical fan and in the main tank of hopper A with an axial fan. Then the air movement in them under the influence of vacuum have opposite directions. In the first, the air moves to the input window C, and in the second, the air is directed to the axial fan, passing through the breathable mesh wall 5.

Since the magnitude of the vacuum in the cylindrical separator of the unloader is controlled by the rotational speed of the paddle drum and is set higher than the vacuum in the main tank of hopper A, the air moves towards a larger vacuum with a speed of no more than 2-3 m / s.

Considering that the rate of soiling of weedy impurities differs little from the rate of soaring of grass seeds, oilseeds and industrial crops, therefore, when carrying out adjustment work to clean the mentioned crops, experimental materials are used. When harvesting major crops, the adjustment work for setting up a grain cleaning hopper does not require much time and highly skilled workers to obtain bunker grain with the quality of primary cleaning.

The beginning of the grain cleaning process begins with the arrival of the air mixture in the cylindrical separator unloader, which is accompanied by a sharp expansion of the air flow. This is explained by the fact that dynamic pressure becomes static. Under the influence of static pressure, air fills the cylinder of the separator of the unloader and the main capacity of hopper A. Since the total capacity of both diametric and axial fans exceeds the amount of air that enters the unloader with the grain in the cylindrical separator, all this volume of air is completely removed due to the suction action of the fans from the mentioned containers, forming a vacuum. The amount of vacuum in both containers is adjustable. When harvesting the main crops in the main tank of hopper A, a small excess pressure is established, which prevents the ingress of weed impurities into this tank. To do this, the air velocity from excess pressure exceeds the rate of soiling of impurities by 20-25%.

The flow of grain begins to move along the upper wall 8 of the annular breathable channel under the influence of vacuum dispersed. And since the grain flow moves along the ring, a centrifugal force arises, which intensively displaces the weed impurities in the central part of the separator of the unloader. The presence of vacuum in the cylindrical part of the separator of the unloader, and in the main tank A is a small excess pressure, this eliminates the ingress of debris into the main tank. As a result, weed impurities, due to vacuum, rise upward and pass over the edge of the flat reflective visor 17 into the inlet window C of the diametrical fan. Then weed impurities and air are thrown out on the bottom 1 of the sedimentary chamber and are evenly laid along the bottom of sedimentary chamber B, and the air rises up and under pressure, without encountering resistance, enters the atmosphere through the blinds.

The grain, freed from weeds and air, moves by inertia along the upper wall 8 of the annular air-permeable channel and gradually rolls along the inclined visor 12 into the main tank A, overcoming a small excess pressure. Near the partition 15, the vacuum has maximum values, for this a curved reflective visor 16 is installed, which covers the action of the vacuum from above and prevents the grain from rising upwards, which may be accompanied by its removal into sedimentary chamber B.

The entire volume of air entering the main tank of the hopper A is removed by an axial fan through an air-permeable wall 5 into the atmosphere. It is advisable to direct the air removed into the atmosphere from the main capacity of the hopper A with an axial fan onto the engine and the radiator mesh. This will save from clogging with dust and small impurities the main engine components and combine units, which will prevent the engine from overheating. This phenomenon is often observed when harvesting is carried out at high ambient temperatures.

Unloading of weed impurities and residues of threshing products from sedimentary chamber B is carried out in two options.

I) Weed impurities are discharged through the main tank of hopper A. This is possible if the main tank A is completely free from grain. Before starting unloading, open the latch with the latch 40 and using the hinge 31 open the discharge flap 33 into the inside of the tank A.

After the material is completely unloaded from the sedimentation chamber B into the main tank A, we turn on the unloading screw and then weed and impurities are removed from the main threshing tank A.

II) Weed impurities and residues of threshing products are unloaded from sedimentation chamber B as it is filled and regardless of whether the main capacity of hopper A is filled with grain or not. Moreover, the unloading according to the second option occurs quickly and inexpensively, because it is carried out directly to the vehicle. Before unloading, we tilt the tray with the sides 29, using the latch 28 with a latch and a hinge 38. The hinged tray takes a position with an angle of inclination, the size of which is regulated by the bracket 35 and the adjusting bolts 37. After the adjusting bolts 37 are installed on the stiffener 39, open the discharge gate 32 using the hinge 30, and perform the discharge. After unloading in the reverse order, set all the listed components of the unloading device to the transport position.

Unloading according to the second option takes 2-3 times less time that is spent on unloading grain with a screw screw from the main tank of hopper A. Therefore, in the second option, unloading grain with a screw is combined with unloading weed impurities from the sediment chamber.

The frequency of unloading of weed impurities of threshing product residues depends on the yield, weediness of the grain mass, the performance of the combine harvester, the volume of the main tank A and the capacity of the sedimentary chamber B, which, due to the bottom 1, is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and has an increased volume. The calculation indicates that the average cyclic rate of unloading of weed impurities from the residues of threshing products is 1: 10, that is, one unloading from the sedimentary chamber occurs in 10 threshing of bunker grain.

In the event of an emergency, when the main capacity of hopper A is full, the grain is unloaded according to the second option. At the beginning, weed impurities are unloaded into the vehicle, and then grain. For this, the discharge gate 33 is additionally opened using a latch with a latch 40 and a hinge 31.

To inspect, adjust, repair and clean the internal components and parts of the tank A and sediment chamber B, we do the following: open the casing 19 using the hinge 18 and the latch 23: fold the tray with the sides 29, and raise the discharge hatch 32; raise the inspection hatch 14 and the discharge gate 33 into the inside of the main tank A. As a result, there is full access to all the internal components of the main tank of the hopper A and sediment chamber B.

The proposed technical solution has the following indicators, according to the goal of the invention:

- high productivity of the injection pneumatic system, which is at the level of promising high-performance combine harvesters for grinding bunker grain, due to the maximum pressure difference between the loading device and the cylindrical separator unloader;

- reliable process of pneumatic transportation;

- the quality of the threshed bunker grain corresponds to the primary cleaning. The proposed technical solution can be used not only on combine harvesters as a hopper, but also in stationary conditions, as a high-performance grain cleaning machine, which can replace the complex of basic grain cleaning machines used on grain flows.

Claims (5)

1. The hopper of a combine harvester with pneumatic loading of grain of the injection system, comprising a feed material pipe, a main grain tank with a front wall, an additional sedimentation chamber for the remains of threshing products with shutters on the rear wall, common side walls that limit the main tank and sediment chamber on both sides , an intermediate partition with a discharge gate, a cylindrical separator-unloader having a diameter of at least six diameters of the supply material pipe, closed air channel connecting the upper base of the separator of the unloader with the sedimentary chamber, characterized in that near the intermediate partition of the sedimentary chamber there are two reflective visors bordering a drum mounted between two curved flaps, forming an input window and an output channel where both flaps consist of two movable sections moreover, the drum represents a rotating lattice and includes a drive for the main shaft with disks on which curvilinear blades are fixed, bent in the direction of rotation, and with the main shaft m of the drum with the help of a disconnectable clutch, an additional shaft is connected, equipped with an independent drive and a impeller, located in a cylindrical casing isolated from the sedimentation chamber, which can communicate with the main capacity of the hopper using an annular air-permeable channel located around the perimeter at the base of the separator-unloader cylinder. 2. The hopper of a combine harvester with pneumatic loading of grain of the injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper edges of both reflective visors are mounted above the separator-unloader cylinder, the edge of the curved visor being lower than the edge of the flat visor, and the base of its concave cantilever portion facing to the main tank, is at the level of the upper base of the cylindrical separator-unloader. 3. The hopper of the combine harvester with pneumatic loading of grain of the injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the curved blades are mounted on the discs with an interval from each other from 45 to 50 mm with a width of the blades from 50 to 55 mm, where the rotation frequency of the main shaft is specified from 750 to 1500 min ^-1 , and an additional from 1750 to 2000 min ^-1 , and the opening angle of the input window is taken from 140-160 °, and the angle of the output channel is from 120 to 140 °. 4. The hopper of a combine harvester with pneumatic loading of grain of the injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sedimentary chamber is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, has a bottom, additional shutters on the side walls, made at the same level with the main shutters on the back wall, where an unloading hatch is mounted on its lower part, and the outer side of the bottom is equipped with a stiffener and an arm connected by hinges to a hinged tray, which contacts the stiffener by means of an adjustable GOVERNMENTAL bolts installed on booms folding tray. 5. The hopper of a combine harvester with pneumatic loading of grain of the injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply material pipe is located above the upper wall of the annular air-permeable channel, which is in the cross section mainly a rectangular shape, where its outer wall has ventilation windows with adjusting valves and the inner wall is made around the entire perimeter of breathable material, with a visor with an angle of incidence above the inner wall it is up to 45 °, with a width of not less than the diameter of the feed conveyor line.

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