RU2133149C1 - Grain cleaning machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural production, flour-milling, elevator and grain storage and mixed feed industry, in particular, cleaning of grain mixtures. SUBSTANCE: grain cleaning machine has feeder with guiding chute and cylindrical screen positioned under feeder and adapted for separating large-sized contaminants. Closed pneumatic system with cross-flow fan has two pneumatic separation channels. Inlet opening and baffle-type window under guiding chute are made in one wall of first pneumatic separation channel. Second channel is joined with wall of sedimentation chamber and communicated with it via bypass air channel. Second channel is communicated with its discharge part with settling chamber positioned within sedimentation chamber. Settling chamber is communicated with suction part of cross-flow fan. Adjustable baffle-type window in curved wall of settling chamber is adapted for communicating with sedimentation chamber. EFFECT: increased efficiency, reduced specific power capacity and improved sanitary and hygienic conditions. 1 dwg

Description

 The present invention is intended for the purification of grain mixtures by air flow and can be used in agricultural production, flour and grain elevator and animal feed industry.

 Known grain cleaning machine, consisting of a receiving part, in which a feeder and a device for separating and removing large and straw impurities with a discharge pipe, and a closed pneumatic system including a pneumatic separating channel communicating with the receiving part through a supply window located under the device for outputting large and straw impurities, a settling chamber communicated with the output section of the air separation channel, a fan, an air supply channel with an air flow regulator, communicating from Toinen chamber through fan pneumoseparating channel diverters refined grains and light impurities [1].

 The disadvantage of this machine is that part of the air from the air separation channel through the feed window breaks into the receiving part and then is thrown out through the device for removing large and straw impurities, dragging the lightest impurities (dust) from the grain heap. As a result, increased dustiness of the air is created in the machine’s operating area, and this leads to a deterioration in the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the staff.

 In addition, when separating the grain mixture (especially with increased humidity and specific feed), light impurities located in the lower or middle layers of the grain flow, due to the many random collisions between themselves and the grain through the intergranular distance, are not released by the air stream, but are discharged with processed product. With an increase in the air flow velocity in the pneumatic separation channel to the values of grain flow rate and higher (i.e., during intensification of the pneumatic separation process), the density of the grain flow decreases, the grain flow is brought into a fluidized state. Due to this, the intergranular distance in the flow increases, as a result of which the conditions for the separation of light impurities from the lower and middle layers are improved and the purity of the processed grain is increased. However, an increase in the speed of the air flow in the pneumatic separation channel leads to a significant removal of grain impurities (punctured, crushed, broken and part of the full grain) into the waste. Removal of grain impurities together with light impurities and their removal by a discharge device outside the machine leads to losses of the latter.

 Thus, all of the above worsens the performance of the machine. This device has a low cleaning effect of grain heaps.

 The closest technical solution and the achieved result to the proposed invention is a grain cleaning machine, comprising a receiving part, consisting of a feeder with a guide tray and a cylindrical sieve for separating large impurities located under the feeder, a closed pneumatic system with a diametrical fan, a pneumatic separating channel, in the wall of which is made inlet and louvre window located in the area under the guide tray, opposite the cylindrical sieve, air supply channel and they sediment chamber [2].

 This grain cleaning machine in comparison with the analog in the upper part of the pneumatic separation channel has a louvre window through which dusty impurities are removed from the receiving part to the closed pneumatic system of the machine during its operation, as a result of which air dust is reduced. The rest of the machine in the device is similar to the above analogue [1]. The processes taking place in this machine are almost also similar to the processes occurring in the analogue. Therefore, this machine has the same disadvantages as the analogue.

 The essence of the proposed development lies in the fact that the known grain cleaning machine is equipped with an additional pneumatic separating channel, paired with the wall of the sedimentation chamber and communicating output part through the bypass air channel with the sedimentation chamber, and the outlet part - with the deposition chamber located inside the sedimentation chamber, communicating with the suction part of the diametric fan and having an adjustable louvre window on a curved wall for communication with the sedimentary chamber.

 As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

 The presence of an additional air separation channel allows secondary cleaning of the grain material by air flow. At the same time, punctured, crushed and broken grain is released by the air flow. As a result of this, the process of pneumatic separation is intensified and the quality of grain cleaning increases. The installation of this channel in conjunction with the wall of the sedimentation chamber reduces the metal consumption of the machine, due to the presence of a single common wall.

 The installation of an additional deposition chamber inside the sedimentation chamber eliminates the increase in the overall dimensions of the machine, causes the reception of the selected punctured, crushed and broken grain in the additional pneumatic separation channel and a separate removal of this valuable feed fraction from the weed fraction of light impurities.

 Further, due to the fact that the deposition chamber is equipped with an adjustable louvre window, part of the air flows out of the sedimentation chamber, bypassing the additional air separation channel, into the suction part of the diametrical fan. This allows you to adjust the air speed in the additional pneumatic separation channel regardless of the air speed in the first pneumatic separation channel, as well as reduce the energy consumption of the machine to generate air flow by the fan.

 As a result, when the proposed device is operating, a positive effect is achieved that significantly exceeds the effect of the prototype. A new set of features of the claimed device, providing a positive effect specified in the purpose of the invention, has significant differences.

 The drawing shows a diagram of a grain cleaning machine, where the arrows show the movement of the processed grain heap, straw and large impurities, light impurities, air flow, grain impurities (punctured, crushed and broken grain) and refined grain.

 The main prefabricated units of the machine are the receiving part and the closed pneumatic system. The receiving part consists of a feeder 1, a device 2 for separating and removing large and straw impurities with an outlet pipe 3. The pneumatic system has a pneumatic separating channel 4, communicating under the device 2 through a louvre window 5 with a receiving part, a sediment chamber 6 in communication with the output section of the pneumatic separating channel 4, a fan 7 with an air flow regulator 8, an additional pneumatic separating channel 9, which communicates with the outlet part through the bypass air channel 10 with the sediment chamber 6, and the outlet part with the chamber os waiting 11 located inside the sedimentation chamber 6. The deposition chamber 11 has an adjustable louvre window 12 made on its curved wall, which communicates with the suction part of the diametrical fan 7. In the sedimentation chamber there is a curved louvre wall 13 for more efficient separation of light weed impurities from the air flow. For removal of precipitated light weeds, grain impurities, as well as purified grain after the first and second air cleaning, the pneumatic system has output devices 14, 15, 16 and 17, respectively. Additional pneumatic separation channel has an input window with a feeder 18.

 Grain cleaning machine operates as follows. The initial grain heap through the feeder is fed to the device 2, from which large and straw impurities come out and through the pipe 3 are removed from the machine. The remaining components of the grain heap, passing through the mesh surface of the device 2, are fed through the feeding window into the pneumatic separating channel 4. In channel 4, the grain heap is exposed to the air flow created by the fan 7, and light impurities are released from the heap and taken out into the sedimentation chamber 6 together with dust impurities removed from the receiving part through the louvre window 5 to the upper part of the channel 4. Light impurities in the sedimentation chamber 6 are deposited and the mechanism 14 is removed outside the machine. The air cleaned from light weed impurities from the chamber 6 through the louvers of the wall 13, and then through the bypass air channel 10 is supplied to an additional pneumatic separation channel 9. A part of the purified air from the impurities from the chamber 6 through the louvers of the window 12 flows into the suction part of the diametrical fan 7. From the channel 4 grain, cleaned of light weed impurities, the device 16 is fed to the sieve mill (not shown in the drawing), after processing on which the remaining components of the grain mixture through the feeder 18 are sent to a pneumatic separator anal 9, wherein the mixture of the air flow allocated grain shriveled, broken, chipped, broken grains, and then carried into the deposition chamber 11 are deposited in it and the branch device 15 are displayed outside of the machine. The cleaned grain is discharged outward by the device 17. The air cleaned from grain impurities from the deposition chamber 11 again flows to the fan 7, and then again through the air supply channel it is again fed into the air separation channel 4.

 The provision of optimal values of air velocities in the pneumatic separating channels 4 and 9, independently from each other, is carried out by turning the curved damper 8 and reducing the passage opening of the window 12 by turning the blinds.

 The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is to improve the quality of cleaning grain material, reducing the specific energy consumption of the process of pneumatic separation and improving sanitary and hygienic working conditions.

Literature
1. A.S. N 848088, MKI 3 B 07 B 4/00 Grain-cleaning machine / V.D. Oleinikov, A.I. Grabelkovsky, A.A. Gehtman, V.V. Antyukhin. - N 2778497 / 29-03. Stated 06/11/79 / Opening. Inventions - 1981. - N 27.

 2. A.S. 1794498, MKI 5 B 07 B 4/00 Grain cleaning machine / N.P. Sychugov, A.I. Burkov, V.E.Saitov, A.A. Gehtman, V.V. Antyukhin. - N 4793937/03. Stated December 27, 90 / Opening. Inventions - 1993.- N 6.

Claims (1)

 Grain-cleaning machine, including a receiving part, consisting of a feeder with a guide tray and a cylindrical sieve for separating large impurities located under the feeder, a closed pneumatic system with a diametrical fan, a pneumatic separating channel, in the wall of which there is an inlet and a louvre window located in the area under the guide tray , opposite the cylindrical sieve, the air supply channel and sedimentary chamber, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional pneumatic separating channel scrap coupled to the wall of the sedimentary chamber and communicating with the outlet part through the bypass air channel with the sedimentary chamber, and the outlet part with the deposition chamber located inside the sedimentation chamber, communicating with the suction part of the diametrical fan and having an adjustable louvre window on the curved wall for communication with the sedimentary chamber .