RU2072754C1 - Soil preparation method for raw crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves field marking, formation of seedbed, and band application of fertilizer. Mineral or bacterial fertilizers are applied concurrently with organic fertilizer in the same seedbed. The seedbed width is 1/3-1/4 of row spacing width. This treatment is followed by active mixing of soil and fertilizer to depth h equal to 2/3 of height of a ridge formed concurrently with mixing. Potatoes or other row crops are planted in the formed ridge. EFFECT: higher crop yielding ability. 3 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of incorporation of solid organic fertilizers in the cultivation of row crops.

 A known method of preparing the soil for sowing, including the tape application of fertilizers, intensive mixing by the active rotary working bodies of fertilizers with the soil, the formation of a bed for seeds, sowing and filling the seeds with soil, followed by rolling (1).

 There is also known a method of preparing soil for row crops, including the tape application of organic fertilizer, the active mixing of fertilizers with the soil, the formation of ridges and planting tubers (2).

 The disadvantages of the known methods are: low productivity of row crops, because organic fertilizer is not used effectively enough, since ridges are formed from non-fertilized soil and the depth of mixing of fertilizers with the soil is insufficient.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the yield of row crops by ensuring the effective use of solid organic, as well as mineral and bacterial fertilizers.

 The essence of the invention is a method of preparing soil for row crops, which includes the tape application of organic fertilizer, the active mixing of fertilizers with the soil, the formation of ridges and the planting of tubers, while fertilizing is carried out in a preformed bed, the width of which is 1 / 3-1 / 4 of the width spacing, and the formation of the ridge is carried out simultaneously with the active mixing of fertilizer with the soil, and mixing is carried out to a depth of 2/3 of the height of the ridge. At the same time as organic fertilizer make mineral fertilizers or bacterial.

 The proposed solution meets the eligibility criteria of the invention: novelty, inventive step and industrial applicability, because this set of essential features was not previously known, this technology is not obvious to specialists and can be repeatedly reproduced and used in agriculture to prepare the soil for row crops.

 Figure 1-4 shows a diagram of the preparation of soil for row crops.

 The proposed method is as follows: autumn and spring tillage is carried out according to known technology. Before planting potatoes or other row crops, they mark the fields with the row-spacing required by agricultural technology and at the same time form bed 1 for solid organic fertilizers. Bed 1 is formed with a width l equal to 1 / 3-1 / 4 of the row spacing L. Solid organic fertilizers 2 are applied to the prepared bed 1 with a ribbon. At the same time as organic fertilizers, mineral or bacterial fertilizers are applied in the required doses. Next, they actively mix the fertilizer belt 2 with the soil and at the same time form ridges 3. Actively mix the fertilizers 2 with the soil to a depth h equal to 2/3 of the height of the ridge H.

 The formation of the bed 1 with a width l equal to 1 / 3-1 / 4 of the row spacing is due to the quality of distribution and dosing of fertilizers along the width and length of the application.

 Mixing the fertilizer with the soil to a depth h equal to 2/3 of the height of the ridge N ensures the placement of fertilizers in the zone of formation and development of the root system of cultivated plants. The method can be carried out by known devices. When the unit for marking the field is moving, a bed 1 is formed for organic fertilizers, for example, a KON-2.8 hiller mounted on the unit or another tool equipped with lancet paws and a bed forger. Fertilizers 2 are loaded into the body of a surface spreading machine equipped with a device for the tape distribution of fertilizers with the required tape width.

 Fertilizers 2 from the car body through the auger through the unloading windows are fed with a continuous tape directly to the bed 1. The number of unloading windows, depending on the technology of cultivating the crop, can be set from 1 to 4. The auger and the metering device are driven from the power tool shaft. Fertilizers 2 laid down by a tape are intensively mixed with soil with an active milling device installed behind the machine with the simultaneous formation of a comb by a comb-former along the axis of the fertilizer tape. Planting (sowing) of row crops is carried out by any known planting device in the prepared ridges.

 The proposed method of soil preparation for row crops was tested in the experimental field of VNIITIOU in 1993-1994. on a single row ridge planting of Nevsky potatoes with a row spacing of 700 m

 The results of the experiments are presented in table 1.

 As can be seen from the table, the use of the proposed method in comparison with the basic version (control) can increase the yield of potatoes by 58.0-108.0 kg / ha depending on the dose and type of fertilizer used.

 In addition, the proposed method is applicable while simultaneously adding organic, mineral fertilizers, microbial fertilizers and other additives.

Claims (3)

 1. The method of preparing soil for row crops, including the tape application of organic fertilizer, the active mixing of fertilizer with the soil, the formation of ridges, characterized in that the fertilizer is carried out in a preformed bed, the width of which is 1/3 1/4 of the row spacing, and the formation the ridge is carried out simultaneously with the active mixing of fertilizers with the soil, and mixing is carried out to a depth of 2/3 of the height of the ridge.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that at the same time as organic fertilizer make mineral fertilizers.  3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that at the same time as organic fertilizer make bacterial fertilizer.

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