RU2037283C1 - Method for fertilization of perennial grasses on calcareous soils - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves one-time placement of mineral fertilizers at the rate of three yearly norms containing 350 kg/ha of phosphorus and 200 kg/ha of potassium, using nitrogenous fertilizers twice only in the first year at the rate of 200 kg/ha. In comparison with the currently-used method the cropping power is increased by 59.0 and 76.0 metric centners/ha with respect to alfalfa hay and siloed maize, respectively. EFFECT: higher position accessibility of fertilizer, reduced wash-off of fertilizers from the field surface and higher cropping power of fodder cultures.

Description

 In a set of measures that increase the productivity of crops and the level of soil fertility, the scientifically-based use of mineral fertilizers is of paramount importance, in which the planned yield is achieved and a positive balance of nutrients in the soil is maintained.

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to crop production, and can be used in the cultivation of perennial grasses, for example alfalfa, clover, etc. sown in combination with annual fodder crops.

 There is a method of joint cultivation of alfalfa with corn for silage, in which the fertilizer application system is as follows.

 First year. Alfalfa and corn are sown.

When sowing alfalfa together with corn, fertilizers are applied at the rate of 200-250 kg / ha of nitrogen, 150-180 kg / ha of phosphorus and 100-120 kg / ha of potassium. At the same time, the following distribution of mineral fertilizers is recommended: the entire annual rate of phosphate and potash fertilizers is applied for plowing. Nitrogen fertilizers are applied in two top dressings of 100-125 kg / ha each. The first top dressing is carried out when the first pair of triple leaves or 5-6 leaves of corn appears in alfalfa and, as a rule, before the first or second watering. The second top dressing is carried out at a height of corn plants 70-80 cm. Top dressing is carried out with knife-shaped working bodies in order to avoid damage to alfalfa seedlings [1]
Second year. In the second year, alfalfa remains in its pure form without corn. Under crops of alfalfa of the second year in the spring, 100 kg / ha of phosphorus and 50 kg / ha of potassium are introduced in the spring before it grows.

 Third year. For spring third year alfalfa crops, 100 kg / ha of phosphorus and 50 kg / ha of potassium are also added.

After the third year of standing, alfalfa is usually smelled, and another crop, such as cotton, is sown in this crop rotation field [1]
However, the existing method has the following disadvantages.

 The application of mineral fertilizers (phosphorus and potassium) in spring for crops of alfalfa of the second and third years of standing is carried out by surface fertilizer fertilizers RUM-5, PTT-4,2, etc., followed by embedding with harrows. However, this does not ensure the efficient use of fertilizers by the powerfully developed root system of alfalfa plants, which penetrated deep into the arable horizon due to the shallow incorporation of fertilizers. In addition, fertilizers are washed away during surface irrigation outside the field and serve as a serious source of environmental pollution.

 It should be noted that the carbonate soils of Central Asia have a high potential ability to fix phosphorus and potassium at the place of application of the corresponding mineral fertilizers. In these soils, even under the influence of irrigation, they can only be moved within very limited limits. The low mobility of phosphorus and potassium in sierozem soils leads to the ineffectiveness of their surface application and fine incorporation into the soil when cultivating crops, in particular alfalfa and corn.

 When the recommended amount of mineral fertilizers is introduced for alfalfa crops for the second and third year of standing of alfalfa, a number of costly organizational and agricultural work is carried out, fertilizer storage, mixing of fertilizers, loading of fertilizers, transportation of fertilizers to the place of application, fertilizing, fertilizing by harrowing. Moreover, these operations are carried out twice at the beginning of the growing season of alfalfa in the second and third years of standing. It should be noted that the passage of equipment through the field compacts the soil, damages the rosettes of the crop, and this reduces the yield both by reducing the individual productivity of plants and by thinning the grass stand.

 The purpose of the invention is improving the positional availability of fertilizers and increasing yields.

This is achieved by the presence of the following distinctive features:
increasing the positional availability of fertilizers is carried out by introducing a triple rate of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the first year under plowing to a depth of 30 cm in the main zone of alfalfa root systems placement of the second and third years of standing;
increasing productivity by increasing the efficiency of fertilizer use by plants, increasing their individual productivity and reducing sowing erosion.

 These signs are realized when the triple annual rate of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is calculated for three years when plowing alfalfa and corn in the first year for plowing.

PRI me R. Alfalfa and maize were sown in silage on a 0.5 ha experimental plot using a field experiment. The total area of the plot is 200 m ² , accounting 100 m ² . The location of the plots is systematic. The repetition of the experiment is fourfold.

According to the experimental scheme, we studied the following methods of applying mineral (phosphorus and potassium) fertilizers:
1. Control (without fertilizers).

2. Recommended method:
in the first year: N ₂₀₀ P ₁₅₀ K ₁₀₀ ,
in the second year: N ₀ P ₁₀₀ K ₅₀ ,
in the third year: N ₀ P ₁₀₀ K ₅₀ .

In just three years it was introduced: N ₂₀₀ P ₃₅₀ K ₂₀₀ .

 3. The proposed method: a single application of the triple rate of phosphorus and potassium in the first year under plowing.

In total, fertilizer was applied: N ₂₀₀ P ₃₅₀ K ₂₀₀ .

 In the first year, with 2 and 3 methods, nitrogen fertilizers were applied to two fertilizers with equal norms of 100 kg / ha. The first feeding was carried out after the appearance of the first pair of triple leaves in alfalfa. At this time, corn formed 5-6 leaves. The second feeding was carried out at a height of corn plants of 70-80 cm.

 The results on the yield of hay alfalfa and silage green mass of corn are presented in the table.

 As can be seen from the table, in the control over an average of three years of standing of alfalfa, 246 c / ha of alfalfa hay and 190 c / ha of green mass of corn were obtained.

 Using the recommended method provided high yields of alfalfa and corn, respectively 350 and 410 kg / ha.

 The use of a single application of the triple norm of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the first year for autumn plowing ensured the maximum yield of fodder crops (maize 486, alfalfa 409 c / ha) in the experiment. At the same time, an increase in yields in comparison with the recommended method of applying corn fertilizers by 76, alfalfa by 59 kg / ha is associated in the first case with the introduction of a large amount of fertilizers in the first year, in the second case with an improvement in the positional availability of fertilizers.

Claims (1)

 METHOD FOR FERTILIZING PERENNIAL GRASSES ON CARBONATE SOILS, including applying phosphorus and potassium mineral fertilizers to the soil, characterized in that fertilizing is carried out once plowing before sowing feed crops in a dose that is a multiple of the growing season of a long-term crop over years.

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