RU1777672C - Conservation tillage of soil to be sown with row crops - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: agriculture. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: Soil cultivation for row crops is carried out locally in the zone of rows, arranging them across the direction of action of erosion factors. Organic fertilizer is applied in the pre-sowing period to the bottom of the processed by tapes to a depth of 30 cm, and phosphorus fertilizers are applied to the row zone after emergence during the warming up period of the soil to 20 ° C; with intercultural cultivation to a depth of 10 cm. 6 ill., 1 table.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for protecting soil from erosion.

A known method of tillage for row crops is used, which uses local tillage in the zone of row crops using mineral fertilizers.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the application of fertilizers without regard to their application characteristics, time and depth of incorporation.

Figure 1 shows a common section of the floor with the stubble 1; in Fig. 2 - the autumn focal-lane deep soil cultivation (pockets 2); in Fig.Z - introduced, fertilizer 3 to the bottom of the processing; Fig. 4 - seeding of seeds n 5; Fig. 5 - seeds of the overgrown, and the inter-field is processed and superphosphate 4 is introduced; Fig. b shows an inter-processing tool.

The method is carried out as follows.

The previous crop (lake wheat, rye) is harvested at a high cut of 20-30

cm, then the soil is processed across the slopes of the focal-strip with a depth of 30-35 cm (Fig. 2) with an interval of 60-70-90 cm, creating pockets 2. The width of the treated strip is 15-20 cm. At the bottom of this treatment fertilizer is applied 3. as a rule, rotted manure-rape mixed with mineral fertilizers. In the spring, no treatments are carried out (this is the minimum tillage), and seeds 5 are sown (Fig. 4) in strip 2 treated since autumn.

Prior to the emergence of seed germination, a continuous harrowing is carried out (in other words, blind harrowing). After emergence and seedling, an inter-row cultivation is carried out with phosphorus fertilizers 4 at the rate of 75-100 kg of active substance to a depth of 10 cm. This operation should be carried out during the period when the soil warms up to 20 °. At this temperature, phosphate fertilizer should be added to the second inter-row treatment.

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Further agricultural technology is carried out according to the commonly accepted technology - plant care, top dressing, disease and pest control, and harvesting.

Row cultivators can be used to implement the method, but for this they should be somewhat modernized (Fig. 6). Instead of lancet paws, place an individual milling cutter 7 with a width of 15-20 cm or additional paws 8 and 9, placing them in a row behind the second paw 9, install a pipe 11 for feeding fertilizer to the bottom of the processed layer.

Focal-strip deep autumn cultivation of the soil creates strip-pockets 2. In the spring, when snow melts and during torrential rains water flows into these pockets, the so-called pocket inflow, this contributes to the accumulation of moisture in the soil, protecting the soil from erosion processes. The spring application of phosphorus fertilizers to a depth of 10 cm at a soil temperature of 20 °, where the soil nitrogen bacteria are located, contributes to their enhanced reproduction, thereby

the soil is enriched with nitrogen. Yields of row crops are increased by 35-55% of corn and 25-35% of sunflower.

Tillage costs are reduced by 16-25%.

The total savings are 187-247 rubles / ha, and the net profit is 37-47 rubles (see table).

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A method of anti-erosion cultivating soil for row crops, including arranging rows transversely to the direction of action of the erosion-causing factors, local tillage and applying fertilizers in the row zone, characterized in that, in order to reduce erosion and increase the efficiency of fertilizers by increasing the activity of the azotobacter, organic fertilizer is applied in the pre-sowing season with tapes to a depth of 30 cm, and phosphorus fertilizers are applied after emergence during the period of soil warming up to 20 ° C at cultivation to a depth of 10 cm. | I J j I I I „I ff ff ff ft ff ff Fig / Fig 5 Figl Fig 5 Lj vb V r