RU1771398C - Method for growing crops on slope land - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: the invention relates to agriculture. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: in a method for locating fields of different crops depending on a slope, growing on the upper part of the slope with a steepness of more than 7 ° winter crops and continuous crops of continuous sowing, tillage, sowing, crop maintenance, harvesting and fertilizing, it is proposed to apply fertilizers depending on the steepness of the slope. In this case, on the upper part of the slope, ammonium sulfate is introduced by the scattering method after harvesting winter crops, followed by sowing together with stubble before sowing continuous crops of sowing crops, on the middle part of the slope with a steepness of 5-7 °; Ammonium nitrate is introduced locally into furrows located across the slope before widespread sowing of agricultural crops in the crop, and on the lower part of the slope with a steepness of less than 5 [deg.] Slowly acting urea-formaldehyde fertilizer is applied under the bottom plowing. The method allows to increase the yield of agricultural crops and to reduce the nitrate content in the finished product.

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of agricultural crops on the slopes,

There is a method of cultivating agricultural crops on eroded lands, in which fertilizers are applied for the main plowing (for example), and the rest is used as feeding in the spring in the tillering phase (Increasing the productivity of aerated, rainfed soils. - Informative leaflet of the Tajik NIINTI Mg 188-88, 1988).

With this method of fertilizing the soil is subjected to man-made three times

exposure, which, firstly, sprays the soil structure, and secondly, compacts it. The deterioration of the physical properties of soils leads to a sharp decrease in the yield of agricultural crops. Nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate introduced into the flowering phase are easily washed off the slopes, especially before rain, and do not achieve the desired effect.

The closest technical solution is a method of cultivating agricultural crops on sloping lands. The method includes placing fields of various crops depending on the slope, growing in the upper part of the slope

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more than 7 ° steep winter crops and continuous crop crops, tillage, sowing, crop care, harvesting and fertilizing (A.M. Lykov et al. Agriculture with soil science. - M., Agropromizdat. Signed for print 0 , 6.08.90, p. 396-409).

In the known method, fractional fertilizing also contributes to compaction of the soil to a considerable depth, especially during the wet period, folding is deformed, porosity is reduced, since these methods are mainly used in a heavy wheeled tractor. This reduces the yield of cultivated crops.

In addition, the use of nitrogen fertilizers in spring in areas with soil protection measures (clearing, worming, etc.) contribute to their localization in the cut soil cracks of nitrate compounds, which are subsequently absorbed by the roots of cultivated plants and create an excess of them in agricultural products.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase yield and improve the quality of agricultural products by reducing the content of nitrates in it.

The goal is achieved in that the application of nitrogen fertilizers is carried out depending on the steepness of the slope, while on the upper part of the slope ammonium sulfate is applied by the scattering method after harvesting winter crops, followed by sowing together with the stubble before sowing the continuous sowing crops, on medium parts of the slope with a slope of 5–7 ° bring ammonium nitrate locally into the furrows located across the slope before wide-row sowing of the agricultural crop into the furrows, and on the lower part of the slope with a slope of less than 5 ° worn slow release urea-formal degidnye fertilizer under plowing of Blevio.

The method is carried out as follows. On slopes with a steepness of 8-10 ° after harvesting winter wheat, fertilizers are applied ammonium sulfate (NH4 / 2S04 at a dose of 60 kg of active ingredient per hectare). Fertilizers are scattered around the site within this steepness and plowed together with stubble. Crop residues reduce the density of arable soil slab, increase its moisture capacity, which helps to reduce erosion processes. In the presence of nitrogen fertilizers, cellulose-depleting microorganisms absorb nitrogen and are thus prevented.

its leaching by both surface and subsoil runoff. At the same time, the decomposition of soil residues is accelerated.

Also, to prevent flushing

Soils immediately after treatment, the floor and the incorporation of fertilizers sow the crop with narrow spacings and a short growing season. This is done so that the plants quickly create an aerial mass, take root, and restrain surface runoff.

On slopes with steepness below 8 ° (5-7 °), sodium nitrate (NaN03) containing 5% nitrogen is added. This type of fertilizer is slightly hygroscopic, as is ammonium sulfate introduced at a steepness of 8-10 °.

Sodium nitrate is introduced in spring into furrows previously cut from autumn. Cutting furrows with a depth of 25-30 cm ensures the retention of runoff and the accumulation of moisture. Sodium nitrate is added before sowing on furrows simultaneously with sowing of row crops.

5 Sowing seeds is also done in furrows. Furrows cut across the slope also inhibit the flow and, consequently, the loss of nitrogen from the drain. On the slopes with steepness below 5 °, any crops are located under which slowly soluble nitrogen fertilizers are placed under the slope.

Urea formaldehyde fertilizer containing 37.8% nitrogen dissolves

5 gradually and by spring sowing it gives the cultivated crop 8% nitrogen and enhances microbiological processes. Thus, all crops cultivated on the slopes receive a sufficient amount of nitrogen

0 during the growing season, and from the phase of the onset of growth to harvesting, nitrate compounds are within acceptable limits.

PRI me R 1. On sloping lands with a steepness of 9 ° after harvesting winter wheat

On July 5 (July 17), ammonium sulfate was added at a dose of 60 kg of active ingredient per hectare. Fertilizers were scattered across the field with the MVU-0.5A aggregate, after which the stubble was plowed, presowing treatment

0 soil (cultivation, digging) and continuous buckwheat sowing with a distance of 15 cm between the slopes. From the slope (steepness 5-7 °), furrows are cut across the slope with 70 cm between the slopes in autumn. The depth of the groove is 25-30 cm This is achieved by a cultivator of the KPH-5.6 brand in aggregate with a T-150K wheeled tractor. In spring, locally ammonium nitrate is introduced into the furrows at a dose of 80 kg of active ingredient per hectare. On slopes of 2–5 °, the insoluble urea formaldehyde nitrogen fertilizer (MFP) at a dose of 50 kg / ha was covered under the soil. In the spring they planted potatoes.

For example, p2. On a slope of 10 ° after harvesting winter wheat, ammonium sulfate was planted together with stubble, and after careful tillage, the clover was sown in a continuous manner,

On a slope of 7 °, grooves were cut from autumn across a slope 25 cm deep. In the spring, sodium nitrate was introduced in a dose of 90 k / ha locally along the furrows during the period of sowing corn.

Below the slope (3 °), urea-formaldehyde fertilizer (MFP) was applied at a dose of 60 kg / ha and sunflower was sown.

It was found by observations that at a steepness of more than 10 °, the method is inefficient, since intensive soil erosion occurs with the loss of the often humus horizon. On slopes less than 8 ° you can cultivate row crops in previously cut furrows across the slope.

Table 1 summarizes crop yields based on the fertilizer used.

From table 1 it follows that the maximum yield of 3 crops cultivated on the slopes, obtained by fertilizing the proposed method. The introduction of ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate over the entire slope, even with the use of technological methods (cutting furrows along the entire slope, sowing in a continuous way) does not give effect, since nitrogen is washed off or accumulated in the furrows.

Table 2 shows the nitrate content in agricultural products obtained by the proposed method.

The proposed method provides a reduction of nitrates in agricultural products by 2-3 times, increases the efficiency of fertilizer application on sloping lands.

Claims (1)

The claims A method of cultivating agricultural crops on sloping lands, including arranging fields of various crops depending on the slope, growing winter crops and continuous crops of continuous sowing in the upper part of the slope with a steepness of more than 7 °, cultivating the soil, sowing, caring for crops, harvesting and fertilizing characterized in that, in order to increase productivity and improve the quality of agricultural products by reducing the content of nitrates in it, the application of nitrogen fertilizers is carried out depending on the steepness of the slope on, while on the upper part of the slope ammonium sulfate is introduced by the scattering method after harvesting winter crops, followed by sowing along with stubble before sowing continuous crops of sowing crops, on the middle part of the slope with a steepness of 5-7 °, ammonium nitrate is introduced locally to the transverse slope furrows in front of a wide-crop sowing of agricultural crops in furrows, and on the lower part of the slope with a steepness of less than 5 °, slowly acting urea-formaldehyde fertilizer is applied for sowing, Table 1 (as in example 1) table 2