RU2054232C1 - Method for cultivation of potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves broadcasting of mineral fertilizer over the surface of a three-ridge seedbed after planting, at the moment of development of shoots on tubers and of root system of plants. In the course of the preemergence cultivation the mineral fertilizer is mixed with soil and applied in two lines. The claimed method of potato cultivation reduces considerably the application rate of mineral fertilizer, minimizes losses during its washing out and evaporation and promotes ecological safety. The application rate of nitrogenous fertilizer can be reduced by 50% without detriment to the cropping power, nitrates content is also reduced while harvested potatoes become richer in starch. EFFECT: better conditions of growth and development of potato plants and higher cropping power due to more efficient utilization of mineral fertilizer.

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of cultivating potatoes.

 Known ridge method of potato cultivation (Tape-ridge technology of cultivation and harvesting potatoes. Recommendations SK NIIIGPSH. M. Rosselkhozizdat, 1982).

 There is also known a method of cultivating potatoes, including the formation of ridges, planting tubers in pre-cut ridges by distributing tubers at the base of the ridge, planting tubers by sprinkling soil to the ridge, and caring for planting (A.S. N 934944, class A 01 B 79/02 , 1982).

 The disadvantage of these methods is the presence of furrows that limit the spread of the root system of potato plants.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a method of cultivating potatoes, including planting tubers in pre-cut ridges by forming a two-channel bed with the formation of a comb between channels, planting tubers by pouring a comb from three peaks, planting care [1]
The disadvantage of this method is that the method of applying mineral fertilizers has not been worked out. As a rule, they are brought under the main tillage, while the loss of mineral fertilizers from washing out by precipitation and in the form of a gaseous loss (volatilization) increases, as a result of which their efficiency is reduced, which ultimately affects the yield of potatoes.

 The aim of the invention is to improve the conditions for the development of potato plants due to the more efficient use of mineral fertilizers and increase productivity.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that after planting at the time of emergence of sprouts on the tubers and the beginning of the formation of the root system of plants, fertilizers are scattered across the surface of the three-peaked ridge, mixed with soil and simultaneously concentrated in two lines in the recesses between the main and auxiliary ridges.

 Using the proposed method will significantly reduce the rate of application of mineral fertilizers, minimize losses during washing, volatilization and increase environmental safety.

 In FIG. 1 shows the ridge after planting, cross section; in FIG. 2 diagram of the distribution of fertilizers on the field surface; in FIG. 3 ridges after the first pre-emergence treatment, cross section.

 The method is implemented as follows.

 Tillage is carried out according to generally accepted technology. In spring, the field is marked with the help of a bed-raiser, and then with the SKM-3A planter, tubers are planted in two rows according to the scheme (110 + 30 cm)

 Tubers 1 planted in this way are sealed with disc working bodies, forming three ridges with dividing grooves 2 between them on the surface of the ridge. After 7-10 days, the first pre-emergence treatment of the ridges is carried out, and then again after 7-10 days a second.

 With the appearance of sprouts on tubers and the formation of roots of potato plants, fertilizers 3 are applied, scattering them on the surface of a three-peaked ridge, and during the first pre-emergence treatment, fertilizers are mixed with soil and concentrated in two lines in grooves 2 between the main 4 and auxiliary 5 ridges.

 PRI me R. Autumn and spring tillage is carried out according to generally accepted technology. The tubers of the seed fraction of the reserve potato cultivar were planted with the SKM-3A planter in the ridges with 1.4 m spacing according to the 110 + 30 cm pattern to a depth of 6-8 cm. Planting rate was 45 thousand tubers per 1 ha.

 The experiment was conducted on stepped and light loamy sod-podzolic soils with closed drainage. Landing was carried out on the 5-7th day after marking the field. The tubers were covered with disk zagotagami with the formation of three ridges, the main one, where the tubers were closed in two lines, and two auxiliary ridges.

 With the appearance of sprouts on tubers and the beginning of the formation of the root system of plants immediately before the first pre-emergence treatment, i.e. on the 7-10th day after the planting of tubers, potato plants were fertilized by applying mineral fertilizers.

 Fertilizers were scattered over the field surface using the MVU-0.5 mineral fertilizer spreader hung on the MTZ-80/82 tractor. The fertilizer application rate in terms of nitrogen was 90 and 45 kg per 1 ha.

 Then a pre-emergence treatment was carried out, in which the soil along with mineral fertilizers was fed to the ridge by disk working bodies, filling the grooves and filling up the mineral fertilizers concentrated in them. During the operation of the disks, the fertilizers mixed with the soil, which continued during the passage of the rotary harrows along the ridge surface.

 7-10 days after the first pre-emergence treatment, a second, after the same period of time loosening of the slopes of the ridge, and then hilling of the plants was carried out. During the growing season, four sprayings against diseases and one spraying against pests were carried out. Potatoes were harvested by KPK-2-04 combines after mowing tops.

 The table presents comparative data on the results obtained by cultivating potatoes by known and proposed methods.

 Using the proposed method of potato cultivation in comparison with the basic one in one case (1st control) allows to increase the yield of potatoes by the example of the "Reserve" variety for an average of 2 years by 40 centners, in the other (2nd control) 23 centners per hectare.

 In addition, it is possible to reduce the rate of application of nitrogen fertilizers by 2 times without reducing the level of productivity. At the same time, the quality of the resulting potato improves: the nitrate content decreases and the starch content increases with a decrease in the rate of nitrogen application by 2 times.

Claims (1)

 METHOD FOR POTATO CULTIVATION, including planting tubers in pre-cut ridges, planting tubers by pouring a ridge of three peaks, planting care, including pre-emergence processing of ridges, characterized in that when the sprouts appear and the root system of plants begins to form on the surface of the three-vertex ridge, they spread mineral fertilizers, and during pre-emergence treatment they are mixed with soil, simultaneously concentrating in two lines in the recesses between the main and auxiliary ridges.

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