RU1813325C - Potato growing method - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in agriculture, in particular in methods of growing potatoes in a field crop rotation. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: the method involves sowing seedlings in the fall, preplanting the soil perpendicularly to the direction of sowing green manure with simultaneous grinding of green manure and mixing it with soil. In this case, pre-seedbed cultivation is carried out by milling in strips of 35 cm wide with an interval of 35 cm to a depth of 16-20 cm. Then tubers are shallowly planted on milled strips with the formation of small ridges above the rows of tubers during planting, and then, at the beginning of seedlings of potato plants - high-volume ridges. 1 s.p. crystals, 1 tab., 5 ill.

Description

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The invention relates to agriculture and is intended for growing potatoes in a field crop rotation.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield and quality of potato tubers by improving the fertility and physical properties of the soil while reducing energy and labor costs.

This goal is achieved in that the pre-planting cultivation of the soil with simultaneous grinding of green manure and mixing them with the soil is carried out in strips of 35 cm wide with an interval of 35 cm by milling working bodies to a depth of 16-20 cm, and small potatoes are planted on the treated strips with the formation low-volume ridges mixed with fine-structured soil mixed with green manure, in the period when seedlings of potato plants begin to appear on the remaining inter-rows (strips) of green manure, inter-soil cultivation is carried out with simultaneous comminution and mixing them with the soil to form a high volume of fine-grained soil ridges on potato tubers and subsequent introduction on the surface of the floor of effective herbicides for controlling weeds. Moreover, sowing of winter siderates is carried out according to the predecessor for potatoes, and strip pre-planting tillage is carried out perpendicular to the direction of sowing of siderates.

Salient features of the claimed method of growing potatoes from the prototype are as follows.

1. Preplanting tillage with simultaneous grinding of green manure and. mixing them with the soil is carried out in strips of a width of 35 cm with an interval of 35 cm by milling working bodies to a depth

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16-20 cm perpendicular to the direction of sowing of green manure. This makes it possible in the remaining strips (between rows) of a width of 35 cm to extend the growth period of the vegetative mass of green manure to (18-30 days) the onset of potato sprouts and create a loose finely crumbly soil layer 16 to 20 cm deep through the use of shredded and mixed with soil green manure below the location of the potato tubers, which will provide favorable conditions for the distribution of tubers, as well as the growth and development of plants, increasing the yield of potatoes. In addition, when preparing the soil for planting, there is no need to use plows and cultivators, which reduces energy and labor costs by 15.4 people-h / ha, and the utilization rate of milling cultivators is doubled (see table) .

2. Chalk planting potatoes with seedlings on treated strips with a width of 35 cm in a fine-structured loose soil mixed with green manure contributes to an increase in field germination of seeds by 12.5-13.0%, accelerates the emergence of seedlings, increases the number of powerful stems by accelerating the warming process soil and its enrichment with nutrients due to the rapid decomposition of the shredded vegetative mass of siderates, as well as improving the physical properties of the soil.

3. Inter-soil tillage at the beginning of potato seedlings with simultaneous grinding and mixing of the vegetative mass of green manure in the remaining strips (inter-x) of a width of 35 cm and the formation of high-volume ridges above this potato tuber from this fine-grained soil. This makes it possible to concentrate shredded siderates mixed with soil in the ridges above the tubers in the zone of potato stolon growth and development, which quickly decompose under the action of microbiological processes in the soil, improving the supply of additional nutrients to the potato plant and the physical condition of the soil. At the same time, the soil density in the zone of seed location and the formation of the future potato crop decreases by 0.3 g / cm3, the soil moisture in the ridge increases by 4.9 mm, the tuber yield increases by 53-86 kg / ha, and the yield of seed fractions by 6.6–9.5%, and the quality of harvesting potatoes by combines is also improved with a 7.8–10.2% less injury to tubers (see table).

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of soil preparation from autumn and seedlings sprouting; figure 2 - strip pre-planting tillage by milling cultivators; on the

Fig.Z - shallow planting of potatoes with planters and growth of the vegetative mass of green manure; Fig. 4 - period before the emergence of potato seedlings and growth of vegetative mass of siderates in the remaining bands; figure 5 grinding of the mass of siderates and the formation of high-volume ridges.

To implement the proposed method of growing potatoes in autumn on prepared soil on a predecessor

5 dl potatoes sow a green manure crop (e.g. winter rye). In spring, when optimal physical ripeness of the soil is reached and during the growth phase of the vegetative mass of siderates,

0 pre-planting tillage in strips through 35 cm with milling working bodies to a depth of 16-20 cm with simultaneous grinding of green manure on these strips and mixing them with soil. Moreover, soil cultivation is perpendicular to the direction of sowing of green manure. Such tillage further provides favorable conditions for the distribution of tubers, as well as the growth and development of plants,

0 boosts potato harvest. In addition, energy and labor costs are reduced as the number of soil preparation operations for planting is reduced - this is plowing, harrowing, cultivation, disking, and

5, the utilization rate of milling cultivators is doubled.

The width of the processed strip 35 cm is selected based on the possibility of planting potatoes with a planter and further care, then

0 is half row (70 cm) for potato cultivation. In the remaining untreated lane, siderates continue to actively grow for 18-30 days, before the seedlings begin, accumulating the vegetative and root system.

The processing depth of 16-20 cm was established in order to create an optimal fine-structured, loose layer below the location of the tubers and future roots

0 potatoes. A limit of 20 cm is taken with the possibility of milling working bodies (according to the instructions for milling cultivators), and a depth of 16 cm provides a loose zone for the location of plant roots.

5 After preplanting soil cultivation, tubers are planted with serial seedlings to a depth of 5-6 cm into the soil of the treated strips 35 cm wide, forming small-sized ridges. Mineral fertilizers are applied locally during planting.

Planting is carried out without markers, which facilitates the work of the tractor driver, downtime is reduced, the productivity of the unit is increased, and the time for planting potatoes is reduced.

18-30 days after planting potatoes, depending on its variety, but no later than the start of seedlings of potato plants, when siderates in the remaining strip of width 35 cm form a vegetative mass of 80 or more centners per hectare, inter-soil cultivation is carried out (plant care ) The soil is loosened with milling cultivators with comb cultivators to a depth of 14-16 cm with simultaneous grinding of the vegetative and root mass of siderates and high-volume ridges of 27 ± 2 cm are formed from this fine-structural soil. The total vegetative and root crushed mass is 200 kg / ha, which under the influence of microbiological processes in the soil, it quickly decomposes, improving the supply of plants with nutrients and the physical properties of the soil. This makes it possible to concentrate a crushed mass of siderates in the ridge under and above the tubers in the zone of location and development of the stolons and the formation of the potato crop. At the same time, the potato planting time is reduced by 5 days, the water-air and nutritious soil conditions are improved, the consumption of fuels and lubricants per hectare of crops is reduced by 22.2 kg and direct operating costs by 2.6 rubles, and the potato crop is increased by 53-86 kg / ha, the quality of the tubers is improved and their injury is reduced.

Further planting care is terminated. Work is being done to control weeds, diseases and pests.

The use of our proposed method of growing potatoes makes it possible to rationally use seed crops

Characteristics of Compared Potato Growing Solutions

the area, increases the field germination of seeds by 12.5–13.9%, reduces the soil density in the zone of tuber location by 0.3 g / cm3, makes it possible to obtain friendly and uniform seedlings, contributes to the additional supply of plants with nutrients due to the rapid decomposition of the vegetative and root mass of siderates, improves physical properties

soil, increasing the yield of potatoes by 53-86 c / ha with an increase in the yield of seed fractions by 6.6-9.5%, reduces injury to tubers by 7.8-10.2%.

Claims (2)

1. A method of growing potatoes, including planting green manure, preplant seedbed cultivation with simultaneous grinding of the vegetative mass of green manure and mixing it with the soil, small planting of tubers, the formation of high-volume ridges from the interstitial soil at the beginning of emergence over rows of tubers from it milling, characterized in that, in order to increase productivity and quality of tubers by improving the fertility and physical properties of the soil, sowing of seedlings is carried out in autumn, pre-planting tillage by milling is carried out in strips of width 35 cm with an interval of 35 cm to a depth of 16-20 cm, and shallow planting of tubers is carried out on milled strips with the formation above the rows of tubers, first low-volume ridges during planting, and then at the beginning of emergence of potato plants — high-volume ridges. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sowing of siderates is carried out according to potato precursor, and strip pre-sowing tillage is carried out perpendicular to the direction of sowing of green manure. ... ty k ifyjfi $$$ j (th /, УУ; 7/77 Х% 7 / 7Й : - - -----: --- -f-i ----: ----- i-.j. ...- 1.0., ..-,. ,) .. Ц (-: .// .. // .... / l -... ///////;. // Table continuation J 93 ///: V.