RU185410U1 - Magnetic simulator for classes on the restoration of intellectual activity and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of neurology and neuropsychology in the field of medicine and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting classes to restore intellectual activity and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions of various etiologies. A magnetic simulator has been created for classes on the restoration of intellectual activity and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic, containing a square-shaped case made of plastic, the walls are installed on three sides of it. A metal plate made of metal with magnetic properties is rigidly fixed to the surface of the bottom of the case, the dimensions of which correspond to the dimensions of the bottom of the case. In the upper part of the case, to its three walls, a cover made of plastic is rigidly attached, which is a plate, the dimensions of which are similar to the dimensions of the case. Thirteen through circular holes with a diameter of 26-28 mm, in which the magnetic elements are placed, are created in the lid. Moreover, the through round holes are staggered so that the three rows include three holes each, and the two rows located between them include two holes. At the same time, a transparent plate made of transparent plastic with dimensions similar to the dimensions of the bottom of the body is rigidly fixed on the bottom surface of the lid between the metal plate and the cover with a transparent plate in the cavity formed by them, a working card is placed through a slotted gap made in place of the missing body wall with the task, and in the housing cover, from the side of the slotted gap, a semicircular recess was made. The technical result of the claimed utility model is the creation of an easy-to-use simulator for training, both to restore intellectual activity and to restore visual-spatial memory, which allows, due to structural elements of the device, to expand the functionality of the working surface of the simulator.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of neurology and neuropsychology in the field of medicine and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting classes to restore intellectual activity and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions of various etiologies.

In domestic psychology, intellectual activity or thinking is considered as a specific but complex mental activity that has its own structure and functions (L.S. Tsvetkova Neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients. Speech and intellectual activity, Moscow: Publishing House of the Moscow Polytechnic Institute, Voronezh: Modek, 2004, p. 317).

Intellectual activity may be impaired in case of focal brain lesions caused by various neurological diseases, as a result of which the parietal-occipital or frontal parts of the cerebral cortex are affected.

The restoration of impaired intellectual activity is carried out by means of special methods depending on various conditions, such as the form of violation, the topic of brain damage, the severity of the defect, etc. (L.S. Tsvetkova, Neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients. Speech and intellectual activity, M .: Izd- in MPSI, Voronezh: Modek, 2004, p. 320).

Currently, various printing simulators are used to restore intellectual activity in patients at a neurological clinic, one of which is simulators based on an analysis of the pattern of arrangement of table elements.

Also known is a printing simulator “How to find a pattern?” Designed to develop the ability to identify patterns in the arrangement of images and geometric shapes (A.I. Savenkov, N.I. Savenkova, How to find a pattern? Developing notebook for preschool and primary school children. - M .: Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2000. - 20 p.).

This simulator contains printed sheets, each of which has two tables of nine cells, eight of which contain images (objects, objects, symbols, geometric shapes) located in a certain regularity, and the ninth cell is empty.

Those involved in this simulator need to find a pattern in the arrangement of images in the cells of each table, and then draw the missing image in an empty cell. To check the correctness of the assignment, the correct answers in the form of corresponding images are given at the end of the printing simulator.

The disadvantages of this printing simulator when using it during classes to restore intellectual activity and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) this simulator is designed for classes on the restoration of intellectual activity and does not provide the possibility of classes on the restoration of visual-spatial memory;

b) the possibility of only one-time use of the working material of the printing simulator, since after completing the missing images in the table, a trace from the writing instrument remains on the paper sheet;

c) the amount of working material contained in this simulator is not enough for holding long courses on the restoration of intellectual activity;

d) the impossibility of changing the degree of complexity of tasks, since each table with images has a predetermined degree of complexity, determined by the number and location of empty cells;

e) the inconvenience of checking the correctness of the task, since the patient needs to open the desired page and compare the image drawn by him with the correct answers;

f) low interest in classes with printing simulators in some patients of the neurological clinic due to the monotony of working with them.

Along with printing simulators, various devices are used for classes on the restoration of intellectual activity in patients of a neurological clinic.

So, from the existing level of technology it is known “Device simulator for classes on the restoration of intellectual activity in patients of a neurological clinic by the method of analysis of table elements” (Patent RU 176522 U1, published January 22, 2018).

Structurally, this device is a plastic case, which houses a sheet with two tables containing images located in a certain pattern (symbols, geometric shapes). At the same time, the images are fixed by means of a transparent plate on which plastic overlays are fixed, in each of which nine through-slots-cells are located, located above the places of the images on the worksheet.

During classes with these devices, paper stackers are placed in one or more slots-cells, which cover the images contained under them, and the patient should, after appropriate analysis, draw the images they cover on paper stickers.

The disadvantages of this device, when used during classes to restore intellectual activity and visual and spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic, is the following:

a) this device is intended for classes on the restoration of intellectual activity and does not provide the possibility of conducting classes on the restoration of visual-spatial memory;

b) the need to use paper stackers during classes with this device, which can only be used once.

c) the inconvenience of occupations with the device for bed patients, due to its size which may be 230x320 mm.

Along with impaired intellectual activity, patients with a neurological clinic often experience disorders of various types of memory, one of which is visual-spatial memory, and various devices are also used to restore it.

So, from the existing level of technology it is known "Device simulator for the formation of tasks during classes to restore visual and spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic" (Patent RU 169473 U1, published 03/21/2017).

Structurally, this device consists of a plastic casing with sizes from 100x100 to 250x250 mm, the inner space of which is divided into cells, each of which has four LEDs of different colors, and in the upper part of the casing there is an internal cavity into which work cards containing images of geometric figures are placed made in white on a dark background. Images hidden from the patient become visible on the working plate after they are randomly illuminated by LEDs of different colors. The patient needs to remember the location and color of each geometric figure, and after turning off the LEDs, draw their contours with colored markers on the surface of the working plate from memory.

The disadvantages of this device, when used during classes to restore intellectual activity and visual and spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic, is the following:

a) this device is intended for classes on the restoration of visual-spatial memory and is not intended for classes on the restoration of intellectual activity;

b) the inconvenience of occupations with the device for bed patients due to the size of the device, which can be 250x250 mm;

c) the technical complexity of the device, which includes various electronic components (LEDs, switch, etc.).

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above devices, a "Magnetic simulator for classes on the restoration of intellectual activity and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic" (hereinafter referred to as "magnetic simulator") was developed.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) providing the possibility of conducting classes aimed at the restoration of two mental processes: intellectual activity and visual-spatial memory;

b) providing the opportunity to conduct classes with bedridden patients of a neurological clinic, as well as with walking patients in the absence of a horizontal desktop surface;

c) lack of need for the use of disposable paper stickers;

d) providing the possibility of conducting long courses to restore intellectual activity and visual-spatial memory;

e) providing the possibility of forming tasks of varying degrees of difficulty in restoring intellectual activity;

f) ensuring quick and easy verification of the correctness of the fulfillment of tasks for the restoration of intellectual activity;

g) increasing the interest of patients in rehabilitation education by introducing an element of novelty into classes;

h) the simplicity of the design of the "magnetic simulator", contributing to its widespread adoption in the practice of working with patients in a neurological clinic;

i) the use of prefabricated elements in the design of the "magnetic simulator" that reduce its cost and simplify manufacturing.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the creation of an easy-to-use simulator for training, both to restore intellectual activity and to restore visual-spatial memory, which allows, due to structural elements of the device, to expand the functionality of the working surface of the simulator.

This technical result is ensured by the fact that a magnetic simulator was created for classes to restore intellectual activity and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic, containing a square-shaped case made of plastic, the walls are installed on three sides of it, the surface of the case’s bottom is rigidly fixed, made of metal with magnetic properties, a metal plate, the dimensions of which correspond to the dimensions of the bottom of the body, in the upper part of the body, to its three walls is rigid a lid made of plastic is attached, which is a plate whose dimensions are similar to the dimensions of the case, thirteen through holes are created in the cover, 26-28 mm in diameter, in which the magnetic elements are placed, and the through holes are staggered so that three rows included three holes, and the two rows located between them included two holes, while a transparent plate made of a transparent plate is rigidly fixed to the bottom surface of the lid astics, with dimensions similar to the dimensions of the bottom of the case, between the metal plate and the cover with a transparent plate in the cavity formed by them, through a slotted gap made in place of the missing wall of the case, a work card with a task is placed, and in the cover of the case, from the slotted gap, is made semicircular notch.

In a preferred embodiment, the square-shaped housing has dimensions of 150x150-180x180 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, the walls of the housing are made 1.5-2.5 mm high, 4-6 mm wide, and the bottom thickness is 1-2 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, the metal plate is made with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm, and the thickness of the transparent plate is 0.5-0.8 mm

In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the lid is 2-3 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, the magnetic elements have a cylindrical plastic case with a diameter of 30 mm, a height of 8 mm, in the upper part of which there is a protruding shoulder.

In a preferred embodiment, the work cards contain images of symbols, geometric shapes or colored circles located in areas of the card that strictly correspond to the locations of the round holes in the housing cover.

In a preferred embodiment, work cards designed for classes to restore intellectual activity contain nine characters of geometric shapes or circles of different colors corresponding to horizontal rows of three holes.

In a preferred embodiment, work cards intended for visual-spatial memory restoration classes contain images of twelve characters, geometric shapes or circles of different colors, corresponding to all holes except for the hole located in the center, with each image in the work card presented twice.

The essence of the utility model "Magnetic simulator for classes on the restoration of intellectual activity and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic" is illustrated by the drawings:

In FIG. 1 - case "magnetic simulator" with the upper cover removed;

In FIG. 2 - “magnetic simulator” without a work card and magnetic elements;

In FIG. 3 - “magnetic simulator” with a work card for classes on the restoration of intellectual activity, inserted through a slotted gap and visible in a semicircular recess;

In FIG. 4 - “magnetic simulator” with a work card and magnetic elements installed for classes to restore intellectual activity;

In FIG. 5 - “magnetic simulator” with a work card for classes on the restoration of visual-spatial memory, inserted through a slotted gap and visible in a semicircular recess;

In FIG. 6 - “magnetic simulator” with a work card and magnetic elements installed for classes on the restoration of visual-spatial memory;

In FIG. 7, 8 - examples of work cards for classes on the restoration of intellectual activity;

In FIG. 9, 10 - examples of work cards for classes on the restoration of visual-spatial memory.

The claimed "magnetic simulator" (see Fig. 1, 2) contains a plastic case (1) made of plastic, square in size, dimensions 150x150-180x180 mm, on three sides of which walls are made 1.5-2.5 mm high, 4 wide -6 mm, and the thickness of the bottom is 1-2 mm.

On the surface of the bottom of the housing (1), a metal plate (2) 0.5-1 mm thick made of metal with magnetic properties is rigidly fixed, the dimensions of which correspond to the dimensions of the bottom of the housing (1).

In the upper part of the housing (1), to its three walls is rigidly attached (for example, by means of adhesive bonding) a plastic cover (3), which is a plate whose dimensions are similar to the dimensions of the housing (1), and the thickness is 2-3 mm.

In the cover (3) of the housing (1), 13 (thirteen) through circular holes (5) with a diameter of 26-28 mm are made, which are designed to install magnetic elements (7) in them (see Fig. 4, 6).

The holes (5) in the cover (3) of the housing (1) are staggered so that the three rows include three holes (5), and the two rows located between them include two holes (5) (see Fig. 2).

At the same time, a transparent plate (4) made of transparent plastic is rigidly fixed (for example, by means of adhesive bonding) to the bottom surface of the cover (3) of the body (1), which performs the function of protecting work cards (8) used during exercises with the “magnetic simulator” from direct contact with magnetic elements (7) (see Fig. 2).

The dimensions of the transparent plate (4) are similar to the dimensions of the bottom of the housing (1), and the thickness is 0.5-0.8 mm.

Thus, between the metal plate (2) and the lid (3) with a transparent plate (4), an internal cavity is formed into which, through a slotted gap located on the site of the missing body wall (1), the one used during the training with the “magnetic simulator” is installed work card (8) with the task (see. Fig. 3, 5).

For the convenience of removing work cards (8) from the internal cavity of the “magnetic simulator”, a semicircular recess (6) is made in the cover (3) of the housing (1), from the slotted gap side.

As magnetic elements (7) in work with the “magnetic simulator”, magnets for blackboards with a flat top surface can be used, for example, “Maul Hebel” (Citylink online store, Whiteboard magnet Hebel Maul 6177102 white d = 30 mm round, found on 09/15/2018 on the Internet at: https://www.citilink.ru/catalog/furniture/presentations_boards/827854/).

These magnets have a cylindrical plastic case with a diameter of 30 mm and a height of 8 mm, in the upper part of which there is a protruding shoulder, which makes them easy and convenient to install and remove from various surfaces.

At the same time, the flat upper surface of the “Maul Hebel” magnets and their white color provides the possibility of performing graphic operations on it (drawing various symbols, geometric shapes) by means of a water marker with the possibility of subsequent removal of a sponge written to erase water markers.

For classes with a “magnetic simulator”, a kit consisting of twelve magnetic elements (7) is used.

Work cards (8) used during classes with the “magnetic simulator” contain images of symbols, geometric shapes or colored circles (see Figs. 7, 9, 10), which provide the possibility of conducting classes to restore intellectual activity and visual-spatial memory.

Moreover, the images contained on the work cards (8) are located in areas strictly corresponding to the locations of the holes (5) in the cover (3) of the housing (1). Thus, when a working card (8) is inserted into the internal cavity of the “magnetic simulator”, the images contained on it become visible through the holes (5) (see Figs. 3, 5).

Work cards (8) intended for classes on the restoration of intellectual activity (see Figs. 7, 8) contain images of nine symbols, geometric shapes or circles of different colors located in accordance with certain laws. The location of these images corresponds to horizontal rows of three holes (5).

Work cards (8) intended for visual-spatial memory restoration classes (see Figs. 9, 10) contain images of twelve symbols, geometric figures or circles of different colors, the location of which corresponds to all holes (5) except for the center cover (3). Moreover, each image should be paired, that is, presented on the working card (8) twice.

To store and carry the “magnetic simulator” with a set of work cards, a cover made of plastic or fabric material (not shown in the figures) is used.

Magnetic simulator works as follows.

Before starting classes to restore intellectual activity, a specialist selects a patient card (8) with images of nine symbols, geometric shapes or circles of different colors, located in accordance with certain laws (see Fig. 7, 8).

Next, the specialist installs a work card (8) through the target gap into the internal cavity of the “magnetic simulator”, as a result of which three rows of images contained on the work card (8) become visible in the holes (5) of the cover (3) of the housing (1) (see Fig. 3).

After that, the specialist carries out the task formation by installing magnetic elements (7) in the holes (5) of the cover (3) of the housing (1) of the “magnetic simulator” (see Fig. 4).

The degree of complexity of the generated tasks is determined by the number of magnetic elements (7) that cover the images of the work card (8). So, for the formation of the simplest task, one magnetic element (7) is used, and for the most complex task - three magnetic elements (7).

After the specialist installs one or more magnetic elements (7), the patient is given the task to determine which images should be in the holes (5) closed by the magnetic elements (7) and apply the image data with a marker on the surface of the installed magnetic elements (7).

If you use a work card (8) containing images of circles of different colors, then the patient applies the first letters of the words denoting the names of these colors to the surface of the magnetic elements (7), for example, the letter "C", if the circle is located under the magnetic element ( 7), has a blue color.

After completing the task, the magnetic elements (7) with the patient’s images are removed from the holes (5) and the correctness of the task is carried out by comparing the images applied to the patients with magnetic elements (7) with the images on the work card used (8).

Next, the specialist removes the spent card (8) from the internal cavity of the “magnetic simulator” and installs a new one instead, erases the images caused by the patient from the magnetic elements (7) and closes the images of the work card (8) visible in the holes (5).

After that, the sequence of the above actions of the patient is repeated.

As positive results are achieved in the restoration of intellectual activity, the number of images covered by magnetic elements (7) increases.

Before starting classes on the restoration of visual-spatial memory, the specialist selects a patient card (8) with images of twelve symbols, geometric shapes or circles of different colors (see Fig. 9, 10).

Next, the specialist installs a work card (8) through the target gap into the internal cavity of the “magnetic simulator”, as a result of which the images contained on the work card (8) become visible in the holes (5) of the cover (3) of the housing (1).

Next, the patient, for a certain time (from 15 seconds or more), remember the location of the images visible through the holes (5), after which the holes (5) of the cover (3) of the housing (1) of the “magnetic simulator” are closed by magnetic elements (7) , except for the central hole, under which the image on the working card (8) is absent (see Fig. 6).

After that, the patient removes two magnetic elements (7), under which, in his opinion, two identical images are located, as a result of which two previously hidden images of the work card (8) become visible through the holes (5).

If the image data are the same, then the patient puts aside these magnetic elements (7).

If the image data do not match, then the patient returns the magnetic elements (7) to their original place.

Further, the above steps are repeated until all magnetic elements (7) are removed from the holes (5) of the cover (3) of the “magnetic simulator”.

Classes for the restoration of visual-spatial memory using the "magnetic simulator" can be carried out with two patients in a group form.

Along with classes on the restoration of intellectual activity and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic, the “magnetic simulator” can also be used effectively in the following cases:

a) when conducting correctional and developmental classes with children with impaired formation of intellectual activity and visual-spatial memory;

b) when conducting neurocognitive trainings with people of advanced and senile age who have impaired intellectual activity and visual-spatial memory;

c) as a developmental game, contributing to the development of intellectual activity and visual-spatial memory in healthy children.

Thus, the claimed “magnetic simulator”, due to its design features that are simple to use and use, providing enhanced functionality of the simulator’s working surface, allows classes to be restored both in the restoration of intellectual activity and in the restoration of visual and spatial memory, while ensuring the possibility of conducting classes with bedridden patients of a neurological clinic.

Using a “magnetic simulator” introduces an element of novelty into the process of rehabilitation classes with patients, turning them into a psychological training that is fascinating and interesting for patients.

Claims (9)

1. A magnetic simulator for classes to restore intellectual activity and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic, containing a square case made of plastic, the walls are installed on three sides of it, a metal plate made of metal with magnetic properties is rigidly fixed on the bottom surface of the case , the dimensions of which correspond to the dimensions of the bottom of the case, in the upper part of the case, a plastic cover is made rigidly attached to its three walls, which represents I am a plate, the dimensions of which are similar to the dimensions of the case, in the lid there are thirteen through circular holes with a diameter of 26-28 mm in which the magnetic elements are placed, and the through circular holes are staggered so that the three rows include three holes and the two rows located between them included two holes each, while on the bottom surface of the lid a transparent plate made of transparent plastic is rigidly fixed, with dimensions similar to those of the bottom of the body, dy metal plate and a lid with a transparent plate formed of the cavity, through the slit clearance formed on the spot missing wall of the housing, the card is placed with the working task, and in the housing cover, from the slit gap is formed semicircular recess. 2. The magnetic simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the square-shaped housing has dimensions of 150 × 150-180 × 180 mm. 3. The magnetic simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing walls are made 1.5-2.5 mm high, 4-6 mm wide, and the bottom thickness is 1-2 mm. 4. The magnetic simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal plate is made with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm, and the thickness of the transparent plate is 0.5-0.8 mm. 5. The magnetic simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the lid thickness is 2-3 mm. 6. The magnetic simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic elements have a plastic cylindrical body with a diameter of 30 mm, a height of 8 mm, in the upper part of which there is a protruding shoulder. 7. The magnetic simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the work cards contain images of symbols, geometric shapes or colored circles located in the card regions that strictly correspond to the locations of the round holes in the housing cover. 8. The magnetic simulator according to claim 7, characterized in that the work cards intended for classes for restoring intellectual activity contain nine symbols of geometric figures or circles of different colors corresponding to horizontal rows of three holes. 9. The magnetic simulator according to claim 7, characterized in that the work cards intended for occupations for the restoration of visual and spatial memory contain images of twelve symbols, geometric shapes or circles of different colors, corresponding to all holes except for the hole located in the center, In this, each image in the working card is presented twice.

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