RU2749251C1 - Method of foarming the skill of constructing symmetrical images in connection with the training of the eye and the device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: games.SUBSTANCE: proposed group of inventions relates to educational board games and can be used as a method of forming the skill of constructing symmetrical images correlated with eye estimation training and an apparatus for implementation thereof. The method includes the following set of operations: placing the game elements on one of the parts of the playing surface in rows with minimal gaps between the game elements in the same row and between the rows; moving the game elements from the rows formed on the playing surface to a part of the playing surface free of game element rows. Each of the movable elements to is placed so as to be located symmetrically, relative to the previously drawn line - the axis of symmetry, to the fragment of the playing surface released thereby in the row wherefrom it was moved. As a result, images of a predetermined configuration symmetrical to each other should be formed in both parts of the playing surface, wherein one of the images is constructed from moved game elements and the other is formed from fragments of the playing surface freed from game elements in the rows of game elements. The apparatus for implementation of the method consists of a playing surface made of sheet material, wherein rows of game elements configured to move, for example, self-adhesive stickers, pixels or chips, are located on one of the parts of the playing surface with minimal gaps between the game elements in the same row and between the rows, and the other part of the playing surface is made free of game element rows. The parts are separated from each other by a line - the axis of symmetry.EFFECT: technical result is ensured formation of the skill of constructing and determining symmetrical images on a plane in children correlated with eye estimation training and verification of accuracy of construction of symmetrical images used in correcting vision deviations, particularly convergence, in preschool children.15 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to educational board games and can be used as a method of forming the skill of constructing symmetrical images in conjunction with training an eye and a device for its implementation. The group of inventions is intended for use both at home and in preschool, primary general and additional education institutions as a game, developmental and leisure tool. It can also be used as a means of correcting vision deviations, for example, convergence, in preschool children.

Eye gauge - the ability to measure distance with simple sight, without instruments; the ability to visually assess the spatial characteristics of objects: remoteness, size, etc. (Big Medical Dictionary 2000 (Internet resources, date of access 03/21/2020 at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/medic2/13218/% D0% B3% D0% BB% D0% B0% D0% B7% D0% BE% D0% BC% D.0% B5% D1% 80) It is believed that human eye learning with the hand is possible before the age of 6 -7 years old and that is why this age pattern is the most important factor for further learning to write, drawing, constructive activity.In the process of training the eye, it is necessary to highlight the formation of a sense of symmetry, the role of which is wider in comparison with a developed eye.It is known that the feeling of symmetry is one of the "Triggering mechanisms, which activates the general process of all-round human development", it is noted its influence on his psychophysiological, individual psychological, gender and age, professional, socio-demographic development. (PS Ergashev "Feeling Symmetries: Phenomenology and Psychological Correlates ", 2017, (Internet resources, date of access 03/21/2020. at the address: https://infourok.ru/chuvstvo-simmetrii-fenomenologiya-i-psihologicheskie-korrelyati-monografiya-2149240.html).

The task of developing an eye in children of 4-6 years of age is usually solved by methods based on the performance of tasks by children to compare objects contrasting in size located at a distance from each other; to perform an image of an object larger or smaller than the sample; to complement the missing, including symmetrical, part of the image. Completion of the missing symmetrical part of the image is usually done by such methods as graphic drawing, i.e. using writing aids such as pencils or using mosaic elements:

- "How to draw a symmetrical object" (Internet resources, date of treatment 03/21/2020 at the address: http://handykids.ru/kak-narisovat-simmetrichnyj-predmet/);

- "Copying as a way of developing the eye in children": (Internet resources, date of treatment 03/21/2020 at: http://handykids.ru/kopirovanie-kak-sposob-razvitiya-glazomera-u-detej/);

- the task "Lay out the second half of the pattern": (Internet resources, date of treatment 03/21/2020 at the address: https://pandia.ru/text/80/219/16786.php), https://present5.com/ prezentaciya-konstruktor-lego-master-dlya-detej-v-vozraste-3 /.

Mosaic schemes (Internet resources, date of access 03/21/2020 at the address: http://www.kidsfree.co.kr/src/shop/item.php?it_id=1398753669&ca_id=7040&ca_id2=9050);

- "complete the picture" (Internet resources, date of treatment 03/21/2020 at the address:

https://www.pinterest.ru/pin/731835008168106547/?lp=true,

https://urok.1sept.ru/%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8/586025/).

Known methods for the development of the eye and the ability to depict a symmetrical object, including graphic drawing, assume that children have developed graphic image skills; with insufficiently developed these skills, it is impossible to reliably assess the degree of formation of the skill of constructing symmetrical images. Methods of working with mosaic elements eliminate this disadvantage of the method when working with children of preschool age, while the means used in these methods - mosaic play bases - do not contribute to the correct determination of the location of the sought points and do not allow assessing the accuracy of the tasks for constructing symmetric images, which makes it difficult the process of mastering the principles of constructing symmetric images by children and does not contribute to the development of the eye.

From the existing level of technology known utility model "Notebook in oblique lining", patent No. RU 139668, containing stapled bent in half sheets of paper and a cover, notebook sheets have a longitudinal horizontal and transverse oblique ruling, and the horizontal lines are made both dashed and solid. The use of the utility model involves the prescription of written characters by students inside the cells formed by horizontal and transverse lines.

The utility model is intended for children of primary school age, provides students with easier conditions for improving the quality of handwriting, prevents "programmed" errors in the size, proportions, inclination of letters and their elements, caused by an insufficiently formed eye and hand-eye coordination of the student. The useful model is unsuitable for preschool children due to the discrepancy between their psychophysiological age characteristics, and is also unsuitable for teaching the construction of symmetric images and checking the correctness of their construction.

A useful model is known from the existing state of the art "Magnetic simulator for group exercises to restore visual and spatial perception in patients of a neurological clinic", patent No. RU 181368. The simulator contains two identical box-shaped bodies, movably connected into a single block by a hinge joint, while inside each of the case, on the surface of the bottom there is rigidly fixed a working plate made of metal with magnetic properties, corresponding to the shape and internal size of the bottom of the case, and on the surface of each working plate, markings are applied in the form of staggered identical circles with magnetic pictures installed on them containing various images; at the same time, magnetic locks are mounted at the corners of the side walls of each of the enclosures. Magnetic pictures can contain a group of images of complex spatially oriented abstract figures. To restore spatial perception, the patient forming the task must arbitrarily arrange magnetic pictures in the circumference of one of the buildings, and the patient performing the task must arrange similar magnetic pictures in the same order in the circles of the working plate of the other building.

The useful model is intended to restore spatial perception, but does not develop the eye, does not contribute to the formation of the skill of constructing symmetrical images, and is also unsuitable for preschool children due to the discrepancy between their psychophysiological age characteristics.

Also known is "Magnetic simulator for exercises to restore intellectual activity and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic", patent RU 185410. The simulator contains a body consisting of a bottom, in which a magnetic metal plate is fixed, and a plastic cover with thirteen through circular holes, staggered, and with magnetic elements placed in them. At the same time, a transparent plate is rigidly fixed on the bottom surface of the cover, between the metal plate and the cover with a transparent plate in the cavity formed by them, through the slotted gap made in place of the missing wall of the case, a working card with the task is placed, and in the case cover, from the side of the slotted gap , a semicircular notch is made.

In the course of training with this device, paper stickers are placed in one or several slots-cells, which cover the images contained under them, and the patient, after the appropriate analysis, must draw the images they cover on the paper stickers.

The useful model is intended to restore spatial perception, but does not develop the eye, does not contribute to the formation of the skill of constructing symmetrical images, and is also unsuitable for preschool children due to the discrepancy between their psychophysiological age characteristics.

Known invention - a set of game elements for board games, patent No. RU 2435623. The set of game elements contains a game board having round, partially overlapping grooves, and chips, each of which has such a shape that is inserted simultaneously into five grooves on the playing the board, blocking the possibility of occupying adjacent grooves of the playing board with another chip. The players make alternating moves by inserting at least one chip from the set of chips into the game board until there are five free indentations on the playing board, allowing one of the players to insert a chip.

The invention (due to the special shape of the chips and the design of the playing board) is intended for the "development of the eye of a different age range of players" who have a sufficiently high intellect, since the payoff depends entirely only on calculating the actions of the players several moves ahead, as a result of which it is unsuitable for teaching and playing children preschool age due to the discrepancy between their psychophysiological age characteristics. The invention also does not contribute to the formation in children of the skill of constructing symmetrical images.

The closest to the proposed group of inventions in terms of purpose and technical result is the well-known game "Sticker-mosaic" (website "Ozon", date of treatment 03/21/2020 at: https://www.ozon.ru/context/detail/ id / 135270287 /? utm_source = google & utm_medium = cpc & utm_campaign = RF_Product_Shopping_Smart_Books & gclid = EAIaIQobChMIqueor-an5gIVRKoYCh0WuQmrEAQYBCABEgLGEfD_pixel for coloring pictures on them The game is a book consisting of pairs of pages, while on one of the pages of each pair there is a sample - “a filled color pixel drawing, and on the second - its gray silhouette, which must be filled with colored stickers-squares attached at the end of the book and arranged in an orderly manner in the form of rows and columns. For ease of use, the label sheets are perforated for easy detachment from the book. "

The well-known game is intended for children of preschool age, allows, in a playful way, without the use of coloring agents, such as crayons, paints, etc., to reproduce ready-made color and figurative solutions; develops cognitive abilities and imagination of children. But the game does not allow developing and training the eye, teaching the construction of symmetrical images and checking the correctness of the construction of symmetric images.

Thus, a technical problem is a narrow assortment and limited training functionality of methods and devices suitable for developing the skill of constructing symmetric images in children in conjunction with training the eye, as well as checking the accuracy of constructing symmetric images.

The technical result of the claimed group of inventions consists in providing, with their help, the formation in children of the skill of constructing and determining symmetrical images on a plane in conjunction with training the eye, as well as checking the accuracy of constructing symmetric images, which is used in the correction of visual deviations, in particular, convergence, in children preschool age

The method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with the training of the eye is that on one part of the playing surface an image is created, performed from the game elements moved from its other part, and in such a way that the image created from the moved game elements is symmetrical to the image formed from the fragments of the playing surface freed by them. The creation of such images can be organized using a predetermined configuration (reference) of the image.

The playing surface with the game elements placed on it, on which the method is implemented, refers to a device for implementing the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye.

The first operation of the proposed method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with the training of the eye is the operation of placing game elements, for example, self-adhesive stickers (pixels) or chips, on one of the parts of the playing surface in rows with minimal gaps as between game elements in one row, and between the rows.

The second operation of this method is to move the game elements from the rows formed on the playing surface as a result of the first operation to another part of the playing surface, free from the rows of game elements.

In this case, each of the movable game elements is placed on a part of the playing surface free from the rows of game elements so that it is located symmetrically to the location of the fragment of the playing surface released by it in the row from which the element was moved.

For this, before the operation of moving the game elements from one part of the playing surface to another on the playing surface free of rows of game elements, a line is made, for example, by applying a coloring substance to the playing surface or by bending the playing surface, and then, performing the operation of moving the game elements from the rows formed on the playing surface to another part of the playing surface, each of the movable game elements is placed on the part free from the rows of the game elements, focusing on the previously made line as an axis of symmetry, while determining by eye, training the eye, the new location of the game element on parts of the playing surface, symmetric to the location of the fragment of a part of the playing surface in the row from which the element was moved, and control how accurately the image obtained from the game elements coincides with the image obtained from the Additional game elements of fragments of the game surface in the rows of game elements, i.e. check the accuracy of the coincidence of the configurations of these images.

The operation of moving game elements from one part of the playing field (playing surface) to another is performed until symmetrical to each other images of a predetermined configuration are formed in both parts of the playing surface, one of which is built from displaced game elements, and the other is formed from released from the game elements of the fragments of the game surface in the rows of game elements.

To ensure control over the correct execution of symmetric images on the playing surface, additional operations are introduced into the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with the training of the eye gauge. Before the operation of moving self-adhesive (self-adhesive) game elements from the rows formed by them on the playing surface to another part of the playing surface, free from the rows of game elements, a transparent sheet, for example, a transparent sheet of plastic, is applied to this part of the playing surface, free from the rows of game elements. Moreover, this is done so that this sheet covers the entire area of the part of the playing surface, free from the rows of game elements, and so that one edge of the transparent sheet coincides with the line drawn earlier, indicating the axis of symmetry. Thus, the movement of the game elements from the rows formed by them on the playing surface is carried out onto a transparent sheet covering the part of the playing surface free from the rows of game elements. And after moving the game elements and creating images that are symmetrical with respect to the drawn line denoting the axis of symmetry, the transparent sheet is turned over relative to its edge, aligned with the line denoting the axis of symmetry, without displacement along it, and applied to a part of the playing surface with rows of self-adhesive game elements ...

At the same time, control is made of how accurately the image obtained from the self-adhesive game elements on the transparent tab coincides with the image obtained from the fragments of the playing surface freed from the moved game elements in the rows of game elements, i.e. check the accuracy of the coincidence of the configurations of these images.

In addition, to simplify the process of teaching the construction of symmetric images and training the eye and to speed up the process of forming the necessary skill already at the initial stages of training, the method of forming the skill of building symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye can be supplemented with the following operations. Before placing the playing elements on the playing surface, it is marked out on cells, for example, with a pencil, a marker, as well as by applying or gluing honeycomb stencils made of plastic, paper, fabric, threads and other materials with square cells of the same size.

Another addition to the set of operations of the claimed method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with eye training is the inclusion of the operation of marking the cells of the previously mentioned transparent sheet before the operation of marking the cells of the playing surface and the operations of placing and moving the game elements on the playing surface and the transparent sheet.

To make it easier for children to exercise in creating various images from game elements, an additional operation is included in the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetrical images in conjunction with eye training: before the operation of moving game elements from their rows to a part of the playing surface free from rows, the operation of overlaying the rows of game elements with stencils is included with a pre-made contour of the image, which must be created on one part of the playing surface by freeing its fragments from the game elements limited by the contour of the image in the stencil, and on the other part of the playing surface by laying out a symmetrical image from these game elements with or without using a stencil.

The device for implementing the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with the training of the eye consists of a playing surface made of sheet material, on one of the parts of which game elements are installed with the ability to move, for example, self-adhesive stickers, pixels or chips, placed in rows with minimal gaps , both between the game elements in the same row, and between the rows. In this case, the other part of the playing surface is made free of rows of game elements and is intended for fixing the game elements moved from the first part of the playing surface on it. The playing surface also contains a line, made, for example, in the form of a fold of the playing surface, or a drawn line, or a thread attached to the playing surface, etc., separating parts of the playing surface from each other and performing the function of an axis of symmetry for each of the moved game elements and the corresponding freed fragments of the playing surface in those rows from which the elements were moved.

For a more effective formation of the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye, parts of the playing surface of the device on both sides of the line serving as an axis of symmetry for each of the moved game elements and the corresponding released fragments of the playing surface in those rows from which the elements were moved, are made of the same size.

As an embodiment of the device, parts of the playing surface are made detachable with a connector along a line serving as an axis of symmetry for each of the moved game elements and the corresponding released fragments of the playing surface in those rows from which the elements were moved.

The detachable parts of the playing surface are pivotally connected along a line serving as an axis of symmetry for each of the moved game elements and the corresponding released fragments of the playing surface in those rows from which the elements were moved, and parts of the playing surface are connected with the possibility of rotation relative to this line and with the ability to overlap each other.

To check the correctness of determining the location of the moved elements, a transparent sheet, for example, made of transparent plastic, is placed on the part of the playing surface, free from rows of game elements, the dimensions of which coincide with the dimensions of this part of the playing surface, and so that the transparent sheet covers the entire area of the part of the playing the surface on which it is applied, with one edge of the transparent sheet installed so that it coincides with the line indicating the axis of symmetry, and along this line the transparent sheet is pivotally connected to both parts of the playing surface with the possibility of rotation relative to the fixing line and with the possibility of periodic alternate overlay on both parts of the playing surface.

Alternatively, both parts of the playing surface of the device can be made one-piece, but at the same time with the possibility of overlapping each other along the fold line.

Alternatively, in the device, one or more of the same playing surfaces made of sheet material with the same dimensions can be superimposed on a playing surface made of sheet material with non-detachable parts made with the possibility of overlapping each other along the fold line, with all the playing surfaces the surfaces are fastened along the fold line, for example, with brackets with the possibility of turning over parts of the playing surfaces from one side of the fold line to its other side, by analogy with the sheets of a notebook.

Alternatively, in a device with playing surfaces made of sheet material superimposed on each other along the fold line and fastened together, for example, by staples, transparent sheets, for example, made of transparent plastic, are placed between each adjacent playing surfaces, the dimensions of which coincide with the dimensions playing surfaces.

As an embodiment of the device, in order to create conditions that facilitate the correct determination by children of the location of the desired points of symmetry on the plane, markings are applied to the cells on some parts of the playing surfaces and on some transparent sheets.

As an embodiment of the device, to facilitate the creation of an image corresponding to a predetermined standard, stencils with pre-made contours of images are attached to the playing surfaces and to transparent sheets, for example, by means of threads to create symmetrical images on the playing surface or transparent sheets from movable self-adhesive or self-fastening game elements along given contours, and from the corresponding fragments of the playing surface freed from the game elements in the rows of game elements, on parts of the playing surfaces and transparent sheets.

The claimed device for implementing the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye is illustrated by the following drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a basic version of a device ready to implement a method for constructing symmetric images.

FIG. 2 schematically shows the inventive device with the performed operation of moving game elements from one part of the playing field to another.

FIG. 3 schematically shows the inventive device with detachable, articulated playing surfaces and using a transparent sheet.

FIG. 4 schematically shows the inventive device with superimposed on each other and fastened to each other, for example, brackets, playing surfaces with transparent sheets placed on them.

FIG. 5 schematically shows the inventive device with superimposed on each other and fastened to each other playing surfaces, marked on cells, with transparent sheets placed on them marked on cells.

FIG. 6 schematically shows the inventive device with superimposed on each other and fastened together, for example, brackets, playing surfaces marked on cells, with transparent sheets placed on them, marked on cells, as well as a stencil that sets the configuration of the symmetrical images created and placed on parts playing surface with rows of playing elements.

The device for implementing the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetrical images in conjunction with the training of the eye (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) consists of a playing surface 1, on one of the parts 1a of the playing surface 1, game elements 2, for example, self-adhesive stickers, are installed with the ability to move. pixels or chips, placed in rows with minimal gaps both between the game elements in the same row and between the rows. Another part 1b of the playing surface 1 is made free of rows of game elements 2 and is intended to fix the game elements 2 moved from part 1a of the playing surface 1. The playing surface 1 also contains a line 3, made, for example, in the form of a fold of the playing surface 1 separating parts of the playing surface from each other and performing the function of an axis of symmetry for each of the movable game elements 2 and the corresponding released fragments of the playing surface in those rows from which the elements were moved (Fig. 2).

Additionally, the device may contain a hinge connection 4 (Fig. 3), fastening along the line of the axis of symmetry with the possibility of angular rotation of the part of the playing surfaces 1a and 1b; transparent sheets 5, freely placed or pivotally connected along the line of the axis of symmetry with parts of the playing surfaces 1a and 1b.

In addition, in the device on the playing surface 1 made of sheet material with integral parts 1a and 1b, made with the possibility of superimposing on each other along the fold line 3, one or more of the same playing surfaces 6 (Fig. 4) made of sheet material with with the same dimensions, while all the playing surfaces are fastened along the fold line, for example, with brackets 7 with the possibility of turning over parts of the playing surfaces from one side of the bending line to its other side, by analogy with the sheets of a notebook. In this case, between each adjacent playing surfaces 1 and 6 (Fig. 4) can be placed transparent sheets 8, for example, of transparent plastic, the dimensions of which coincide with the dimensions of the playing surfaces 1 and 6. Additionally, between the parts of the playing surfaces, for example, 1a and 6a (Fig. 4) can be placed a transparent sheet 5, which coincides in size with parts of the playing surfaces.

A variant of the device for implementing the inventive method is possible, in which on a part of the playing surfaces, for example, 6a and 6b (Fig. 5) and on transparent sheets, for example, sheet 5 (Fig. 5), markings are applied to the cells to create conditions, facilitating the correct determination by children of the location on the plane of the desired points of symmetry.

An embodiment of the device is also possible in which stencils are attached to the playing surfaces, for example, 6a and 6b (Fig. 6), for example, by means of a thread 9 (Fig. 6), for example, a stencil 10 (Fig. 6) with contours of images, which are samples for creating symmetrical images on the playing surface or transparent sheets from movable self-adhesive or self-adhesive playing elements 2 (Fig. 6) along a contour specified, for example, by a stencil 10. A thread 9 with a stencil 10 can be fixed on transparent sheets 5 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5) and 8 (Fig. 6).

The method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye is realized using a device for its implementation as follows. The device must be prepared before use. The basic version of preparing the device for operation is that on its playing surface 1 (Fig. 1) an axis of symmetry is made in the form of a line 3, for example, by bending the playing surface 1, or by applying a coloring substance to it, or gluing a strip or thread and etc. To simplify the process of forming in a child the skill of constructing symmetrical images, parts 1a and 1b of the playing surface 1 on both sides of line 3 are made of the same size (Fig. 1). Then, an operation is performed to place the game elements 2, for example, self-adhesive stickers, pixels or chips, in rows on one of the parts of the playing surface 1 (Fig. 1). For example, on part 1a, the game elements 2 are placed in rows with minimal gaps both between the game elements in the same row and between the rows. Figure 1 shows a device ready to implement the symmetric imaging method.

Then, on the device prepared in this way, the operation of moving the game elements 2 from part 1a to part 1b of the playing surface 1 is carried out. The player takes from part 1a of the playing surface 1 any of the game elements 2 (Fig. 2). Then, focusing on the line of symmetry 3, it determines by eye (eye training) its new location on part 1b of the playing surface 1, symmetric to the location of the fragment of part 1a of the playing surface 1 released by it in the row from which the element was moved (Fig. 2). The player does the same with the other elements 2 located on the part 1a of the playing surface 1 (Fig. 2). The operation of moving game elements 2 from one part 1a of the playing field (playing surface) 1 to another 1b is performed until symmetrical to each other images of a predetermined configuration are formed in both parts of the playing surface, one of which is built on part 1b of the moved playing elements 2, and the other is formed from the fragments of the playing surface 1 freed from these game elements in the rows of game elements on the part 1a.

To ensure control over the correct execution of symmetric images on the playing surface 1, additional operations are introduced into the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with eye training, and additional elements are introduced into the corresponding device (Fig. 3). Before the operation of moving the self-adhesive (self-adhesive) game elements 2 from the rows formed by them on the playing surface (Fig. 2) onto another part 1b of the playing surface 1, free from the rows of the game elements, a transparent sheet 5 is applied to this part 1b (Fig. 3) eg a transparent sheet of plastic. Moreover, this is done so that the sheet 5 covers the entire area of part 1b of the playing surface 1, free from the rows of game elements 2, and so that one edge of the transparent sheet coincides with the previously drawn line 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) indicating the axis of symmetry. Thus, the movement of the game elements 2 from the rows formed by them on the part 1a of the playing surface 1 is carried out on a transparent sheet 5 covering the part 1b of the playing surface 1, free from the rows of the game elements 2. And after the movement of the game elements 2 and the creation of symmetrical images with respect to the drawn line 3, denoting the axis of symmetry, the transparent sheet 5 is turned over relative to its edge, aligned with line 3, denoting the axis of symmetry, without displacement along it, and imposed on a part of the playing surface 1a with rows of self-fixing game elements 2. At the same time, control is made how accurately the image obtained from the self-fastening game elements 2 on the transparent tab 5 coincides with the image obtained from the fragments of the part 1a of the playing surface 1 in the rows of the game elements 2, freed from the moved game elements 2 (Fig. 2), i.e. check the accuracy of the coincidence of the configurations of these images. In this case, the device for implementing the method can be additionally equipped with a hinge joint 4 (Fig. 3), fastening the parts of the playing surfaces 1a and 1b along the line 3, which serves as an axis of symmetry. By means of the articulated connection 4 of the parts 1a and 1b of the playing surface 1, it is possible to rotate around the axis of the hinge and overlap. Transparent sheets 5 can also be attached to parts 1a and 1b by means of a hinge, but they can also be freely, detachably placed inside the device, i.e. between the superimposed parts 1a and 1b of the playing surface 1, or over the front side of the playing surface 1, or under its reverse side.

As an embodiment of the device for implementing the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye, both parts 1a and 1b of the playing surface 1 of the device can be made one-piece, but at the same time with the possibility of superimposing on each other along the fold line 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3). In this case, the above operations of the method are implemented practically unchanged.

The development of the idea of implementing the above operations of the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye with the use of transparent sheets 5, superimposed on interconnected detachable or non-detachable, but in any case, made with the possibility of overlaying each other, parts 1a and 1b of the playing surface 1, is the implementation of the considered device in the form of superimposed on each other and fastened to each other along the fold line, for example, brackets 7 (Fig. 4), playing surfaces, for example, 1 and 6 (Fig. 4) with placed on them and between them transparent sheets 8 (Fig. 4), and freely applied to the parts 1a, 1b, 6a, 6b of the playing surfaces 1 and 6, transparent sheets 5 (Fig. 4). At the same time, it is possible to turn over parts of the playing surfaces from one side of the bend line to its other side, by analogy with the sheets of a notebook. Such an embodiment of the device contributes to an increase in the number of options for implementing the proposed method in terms of creating symmetric images, which will allow to consolidate the child's interest in performing exercises-operations of the proposed method for a long period of time.

The desire to simplify the process of teaching the construction of symmetric images and training the eye, and, in addition, to accelerate the process of forming the necessary skill at the initial stages of training, required the introduction of additional operations in the claimed method. Namely, before the operations of placing the game elements 2 on the playing surface 1, it is marked into cells (Fig. 5), for example, with a pencil, a marker, as well as by applying or gluing cellular stencils made of plastic, paper, fabric, threads and others with square cells the same size. This also led to changes in the device for implementing the method, in which parts, for example, 1a and 1b, or 6a and 6b, respectively, of the playing surfaces 1 and 6 (Fig. 5) are made with cells applied to them. In addition, before the operations of placing the game elements 2 on the playing surfaces and transparent sheets, not only the playing surfaces, for example, 1 and 6, but also transparent sheets, for example, 5 and 8 (Fig. 5) are marked on the cells. These operations, subject to the changes described in the structure of the device, can be performed, for example, in the following sequence. On part 1a (and 6a, respectively) of the marked playing surface 1 (and, accordingly, 6), by analogy with the basic version of preparing the device for work, the teacher (adult) places the game elements in rows 2. Then the child (playing), focusing on the marking , i.e. calculating the required number of cells relative to line 3 in a certain row from which the game elements 2 are moved, performs, for example, the following operations to create images. In accordance with the given contour image, the game elements 2 from the part 1a (and / or 6a) of the playing surface 1 (and 6, respectively) are moved to the part 1b (and 6b) of the playing surface 1 (and / or 6). As a result of the movements, images that are symmetrical to each other are formed: in parts 1a and 6a - an image consisting of free fragments from game elements 2, and on parts 1b and 6b - an image consisting of game surfaces 1 and 6 moved from parts 1a and 6a of game elements 2. Checking how accurately it was possible to maintain the symmetry of the images obtained can be carried out by the trainee himself or together with an adult, while calculating the number of cells from line 3 to each released fragment on parts 1a and 6a to each moved game element 2 in part 1b of the game surfaces 1 and 6b, respectively.

Another embodiment of the method for forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye using a device for its implementation can be the use of a stencil 10 (Fig. 6). It helps to solve the problem of choosing an image sample, according to which it is necessary to create two images symmetrical with respect to line 3, and is also a means of checking the accuracy of constructing symmetric images. Figure 6 schematically shows the claimed device for implementing the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye, containing a playing surface marked on cells, movable game elements 2 and a stencil 10.

The device is prepared for operation as follows. Depending on the level of preparedness of the child, surface 6 may or may not be marked on cells. On the part 6a of the playing surface, the teacher places the game elements 2, after which he applies a stencil 10 with a pre-made contour of the image on the rows of elements 2 (Fig. 6). Further, the learner (child) frees from the game elements 2 part 6a of the playing surface 6, limited by the contour of the stencil 10, thus creating an image consisting of 2 fragments of the part 6a of the playing surface 6 freed from the game elements. Then, guided by line 3, he symmetrically transfers the released game elements 2 on the part 6b of the playing surface 6, thus creating an image symmetrical to the image located on the part 6a of the playing surface 6. The stencil 10 can be attached to the sheets of the device using a thread or tape 9.

The group of inventions can be used as a method of teaching the construction of symmetric images, training the eye and a device for its implementation. The proposed device contains elements, the use of which solves the problem of creating conditions that facilitate the correct determination by children of the location of the desired points of symmetry on the plane, and also allows children or adults checking the completed task to assess the accuracy of the tasks for constructing symmetric images. The group of inventions is intended for use both at home and in institutions of preschool, primary general and additional education as a game, developmental and leisure tool. It can also be used as a means of correcting vision deviations, for example, convergence, in preschool children.

References:

1. Ermakov V.P. What and how children see from birth to 10 years old with preserved and impaired vision. Diagnostics, development and training of vision. M .: Humanities. ed. center VLADOS, 2015 - 143p.). (Internet source, access mode, date of treatment 03/20/2020 .:

https://books.google.ru/books?id=9s7QDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1 % 8F% D1% 80% D0% BD% D1% 8B% D0% B9 +% D0% B3% D0% BB% D0% B0% D0% B7% D0% BE% D0% BC% D0% B5% D1% 80 +% D1% 8D% D1% 82% D0% BE & source = bl & ots = p_NxPE4VyY & sig = ACfU3U3_iMb5ZVbu317up8Y5dKpRMv8h-g & hl = ru & sa = X & ved = 2ahUKEwiKroXw-4nnAhVx5KYKHVsMCKUQ6AEwDHoECAoQAQ # v = onepage & q =% D0% B1% D0% B8% D0% BD% D0% BE % D0% BA% D1% 83% D0% BB% D1% 8F% D1% 80% D0% BD% D1% 8B% D0% B9% 20% D0% B3% D0% BB% D0% B0% D0% B7 % D0% BE% D0% BC% D0% B5% D1% 80% 20% D1% 8D% D1% 82% D0% BE & f = false).

2. Fedorova O.A. Development of ideas about symmetry in children of preschool and primary school age / O.A. Fedorova // Actual problems of elementary natural and mathematical education. Issue 9: Sat. scientific. tr. Saratov: Publishing Center "Science", 2016. S. 33-37.

3. Fedorova O.A., Konovalova N.V. Development of ideas about symmetry in children of primary school age: from work experience / O.A. Fedorova, N.V. Konovalova // Improving environmental education in the Saratov region: Interuniversity. Sat. scientific. tr. Saratov: IC "Science". 2018. Issue 16.P. 96-102.

Claims (15)

1. A method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye, including the operation of placing game elements, for example, self-adhesive stickers or chips, on one of the parts of the playing surface in rows with minimal gaps both between the game elements in the same row and between the rows, and the following operation of moving the game elements from the rows formed on the playing surface to another part of the playing surface, free from the rows of game elements, characterized in that before the operation of moving the game elements from one part of the playing surface to another on the playing surface free of the rows of game elements elements, make a line, for example, by applying a coloring substance to the playing surface or by bending the playing surface, and then, performing the operation of moving the game elements from the rows formed on the playing surface to another part of the playing surface, each of the movable game elements they are placed on a part free from rows of game elements, focusing on the previously made line as an axis of symmetry, while determining by eye, training the eye, the new location of the game element on a part of the playing surface, symmetric to the location of the fragment of the part of the playing surface in that row, from which the element was moved, and control is made of how accurately the image obtained from the game elements coincides with the image obtained from the fragments of the playing surface freed from the moved game elements in the rows of game elements, i.e. check the accuracy of the coincidence of the configurations of these images. 2. A method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training an eye gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that after the operation of performing a line on the playing surface, free of rows of game elements, and before the operation of moving the game elements from the rows formed by them on the playing surface, to another part of the playing surface, on this part of the playing surface, free from rows of game elements, a transparent sheet is applied, for example, a transparent sheet of plastic, and so that this sheet covers the entire area of the part of the playing surface free from rows of game elements, and so that one edge of the transparent of the sheet coincided with the previously drawn line serving as an axis of symmetry, and after that the operation of moving the game elements from the rows formed on the playing surface to a transparent sheet superimposed on another part of the playing surface is performed, and each of the moved game elements is placed on a transparent sheet, focusing on done The previously drawn line as on the axis of symmetry, while being determined by eye, training the eye, the new location of the game element on the transparent sheet, symmetrical to the location of the fragment of the part of the playing surface released by it in the row from which the element was moved, is fixed, for example, with the help of self-adhesive stickers, the arrangement of the game elements on a transparent sheet, and then perform the operation of controlling how accurately the image obtained from the game elements coincides with the image obtained from the fragments of the playing surface freed from the moved game elements in the rows of game elements, i.e. check the accuracy of the coincidence of the configurations of these images by placing a transparent sheet on a part of the playing surface with rows of self-adhesive game elements so that the image of the self-adhesive game elements on the transparent sheet overlaps the image obtained from the fragments of the playing surface freed from the moved game elements in the rows of game elements, moreover the operation of overlaying a transparent sheet on the image of the fragments of the playing surface freed from the moved game elements in the rows of game elements can be performed by turning the transparent sheet over its edge, aligned with the line indicating the axis of symmetry, without displacement along it. 3. A method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with the training of the eye gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that before the operations of placing the game elements on the playing surface, it is marked on cells, for example, with a pencil, a marker, as well as by overlaying or gluing cellular stencils from plastic, paper, fabric, threads and others with square cells of the same size, and then after the operation of performing a line serving as an axis of symmetry, the operation of moving the game elements from the rows formed on the playing surface to another part of the playing surface is performed, and each of the movable game elements placed on a part free of rows of game elements, focusing on the previously made line - the axis of symmetry, while the eye is trained, determining the new location of the game element on a part of the playing surface, symmetric to the location of the fragment of a part of the playing surface that is freed by it in the row from which element b was moved using the cells performed in the previous operation, and with their help, by recalculating and comparing the number of cells on both sides of the symmetry axis, they control how accurately the image obtained from the game elements coincides with the image obtained from the freed from the moved game elements of the fragments of the game surface in the rows of game elements, i.e. check the accuracy of the coincidence of the configurations of these images. 4. The method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with the training of the eye gauge according to claim 2, characterized in that before the operations of placing the playing elements on the playing surface and the transparent sheet, not only the playing surface, but also the transparent sheet are marked on the cells. 5. The method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye according to PP. 1-3, characterized in that before the operation of moving the game elements from their rows to the part of the playing surface free from the rows, a stencil is applied to the rows of elements with a pre-made contour of the image, which must be created on one part of the playing surface by freeing its fragments from the game elements , limited by the contour of the image in the stencil, and on another part of the playing surface by laying out a symmetrical image from these game elements with or without using a stencil, focusing on the previously made line as an axis of symmetry, while determining by eye, training the eye, the new location of the playing element on a part of the playing surface, symmetric to the location of the fragment of a part of the playing surface in the row from which the element was moved, and control how accurately the image obtained from the game elements coincides with the image obtained from the freed x from the displaced game elements of the fragments of the game surface in the rows of game elements, i.e. check the accuracy of the coincidence of the configurations of these images, first by eye, and then by overlaying a stencil. 6. A device for implementing the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with the training of the eye gauge according to PP. 1-5, consisting of a playing surface made of sheet material, and on one of the parts of the playing surface there are rows of game elements installed with the ability to move, for example, self-adhesive stickers, pixels or chips, with minimal gaps as between the game elements in one row, and between the rows, characterized in that the other part of the playing surface is made free from the rows of playing elements, and a line is made on the playing surface, for example, in the form of a fold of the playing surface, which performs the functions of an axis of symmetry and a reference point necessary for training the eye when determining by eye the new location of the game element, transferred from the rows of game elements to the part of the playing surface free from them, symmetrically to the location of the fragment of the playing surface in the row from which the element was moved, and also to control how accurate the image obtained from the game elements on the free of ranks parts, coincides with the image obtained from the fragments of the playing surface freed from the moved game elements in the rows of game elements, i.e. to check the accuracy of the coincidence of the configurations of these images. 7. A device for implementing the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye according to PP. 1-6, characterized in that the parts of the playing surface on both sides of the line serving as an axis of symmetry for each of the moved game elements and the corresponding released fragments of the playing surface in those rows from which the elements were moved are made of the same size. 8. A device for implementing the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye gauge according to claims 1-6, characterized in that the parts of the playing surface are detachable with a connector along the line serving as an axis of symmetry for each of the moved game elements and corresponding to them freed fragments of the playing surface in those rows from which the elements were moved. 9. A device for implementing the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye gauge according to PP. 1-8, characterized in that the detachable parts of the playing surface are pivotally connected along a line serving as an axis of symmetry for each of the moved game elements and the corresponding released fragments of the playing surface in those rows from which the elements were moved, and parts of the playing surface are connected to the possibility of rotation about this line and with the possibility of overlapping. 10. A device for implementing the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye according to PP. 1-9, characterized in that a transparent sheet, for example, made of transparent plastic, is placed on the part of the playing surface, free from rows of game elements, the dimensions of which coincide with the dimensions of this part of the playing surface, and so that the transparent sheet covers the entire area of the part of the playing surface on which it is applied, with one edge of the transparent sheet installed so that it coincides with the line indicating the axis of symmetry, and along this line the transparent sheet is hingedly connected to both parts of the playing surface with the possibility of rotation relative to the fixing line and with the possibility of periodically alternating overlays on both sides of the playing surface. 11. A device for implementing the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye according to PP. 1-7, characterized in that both parts of the playing surface are made one-piece, but at the same time made with the possibility of overlapping each other along the fold line. 12. A device for implementing the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye gauge according to PP. 1-7, 11, characterized in that one or more of the same playing surfaces made of sheet material with the same dimensions are superimposed on a playing surface made of sheet material with non-detachable parts made with the possibility of superimposing on each other along the fold line. all playing surfaces are fastened along the fold line, for example, with brackets with the possibility of turning over parts of the playing surfaces from one side of the bend line to its other side, by analogy with the sheets of a notebook. 13. A device for implementing the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye according to PP. 1-7, 11, 12, characterized in that between each adjacent playing surfaces made of sheet material are placed transparent sheets, for example, made of transparent plastic, the dimensions of which coincide with the dimensions of the playing surfaces. 14. A device for implementing the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye according to PP. 2, 4-13, characterized in that on some parts of the playing surfaces and on some transparent sheets the markings are applied to the cells. 15. A device for implementing the method of forming the skill of constructing symmetric images in conjunction with training the eye according to PP. 2, 4-14, characterized in that stencils with pre-made contours of images are attached to the playing surfaces and to transparent sheets, for example, by means of threads to create symmetrical images from movable self-adhesive or self-adhesive game elements along predetermined contours, and from corresponding them of fragments of the playing surface freed from the game elements in the rows of the game elements, on parts of the playing surfaces and transparent sheets.

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