NO327990B1 - Fremgangsmate for fremstilling av eddiksyre ved anvendelse av katalysatorsystem med rhodium - Google Patents
Fremgangsmate for fremstilling av eddiksyre ved anvendelse av katalysatorsystem med rhodium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO327990B1 NO327990B1 NO20020962A NO20020962A NO327990B1 NO 327990 B1 NO327990 B1 NO 327990B1 NO 20020962 A NO20020962 A NO 20020962A NO 20020962 A NO20020962 A NO 20020962A NO 327990 B1 NO327990 B1 NO 327990B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- reaction medium
- salt
- iodide
- acetic acid
- Prior art date
Links
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 150
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 55
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical group [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000021 acetate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PXBGQFYGVFUKNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanium;acetate Chemical compound [PH4+].CC([O-])=O PXBGQFYGVFUKNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- LSMAIBOZUPTNBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanium;iodide Chemical compound [PH4+].[I-] LSMAIBOZUPTNBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229940107816 ammonium iodide Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 27
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 24
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 description 19
- IQGZCSXWIRBTRW-ZZXKWVIFSA-N (2E)-2-ethyl-2-butenal Chemical compound CC\C(=C/C)C=O IQGZCSXWIRBTRW-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 14
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonaldehyde Chemical compound C\C=C\C=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 14
- MLUCVPSAIODCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N crotonaldehyde Natural products CC=CC=O MLUCVPSAIODCQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 7
- ICJVSPOCMLQAJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;iodomethane Chemical compound IC.CC(O)=O ICJVSPOCMLQAJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- -1 methyl halide Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- HSJKGGMUJITCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutanal Chemical compound CC(O)CC=O HSJKGGMUJITCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005882 aldol condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UNNGUFMVYQJGTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylbutanal Chemical compound CCC(CC)C=O UNNGUFMVYQJGTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical class [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010960 commercial process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010795 gaseous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- WRBOIEWERGUOEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane;lead Chemical compound [Pb].IC WRBOIEWERGUOEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001511 metal iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006053 organic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/10—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide
- C07C51/12—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide on an oxygen-containing group in organic compounds, e.g. alcohols
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/386,561 US6323364B1 (en) | 1999-08-31 | 1999-08-31 | Rhodium/inorganic iodide catalyst system for methanol carbonylation process with improved impurity profile |
| PCT/US2000/021561 WO2001016069A1 (en) | 1999-08-31 | 2000-08-07 | Rhodium/inorganic iodide catalyst system for methanol carbonylation process with improved impurity profile |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO20020962D0 NO20020962D0 (no) | 2002-02-27 |
| NO20020962L NO20020962L (no) | 2002-02-27 |
| NO327990B1 true NO327990B1 (no) | 2009-11-02 |
Family
ID=23526114
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20020962A NO327990B1 (no) | 1999-08-31 | 2002-02-27 | Fremgangsmate for fremstilling av eddiksyre ved anvendelse av katalysatorsystem med rhodium |
Country Status (25)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6323364B1 (cs) |
| EP (1) | EP1208072B1 (cs) |
| JP (1) | JP4693320B2 (cs) |
| KR (1) | KR100718422B1 (cs) |
| CN (1) | CN1183080C (cs) |
| AR (1) | AR025311A1 (cs) |
| AT (1) | ATE299855T1 (cs) |
| AU (1) | AU777960B2 (cs) |
| BR (1) | BR0013681B1 (cs) |
| CA (1) | CA2391720C (cs) |
| CZ (1) | CZ301625B6 (cs) |
| DE (1) | DE60021392T2 (cs) |
| ES (1) | ES2243289T3 (cs) |
| GC (1) | GC0000346A (cs) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02002260A (cs) |
| MY (1) | MY121879A (cs) |
| NO (1) | NO327990B1 (cs) |
| PL (1) | PL199389B1 (cs) |
| RS (1) | RS50147B (cs) |
| RU (1) | RU2217411C1 (cs) |
| TR (1) | TR200200546T2 (cs) |
| TW (1) | TWI227710B (cs) |
| UA (1) | UA69481C2 (cs) |
| WO (1) | WO2001016069A1 (cs) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200201045B (cs) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2054366B1 (en) * | 2006-04-14 | 2017-08-09 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for the reduction of aldehyde concentration in a target stream |
| US7524988B2 (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2009-04-28 | Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.P. | Preparation of acetic acid |
| US7208625B1 (en) | 2006-08-04 | 2007-04-24 | Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.P. | Removing permanganate-reducing impurities from acetic acid |
| US7485749B2 (en) * | 2006-08-22 | 2009-02-03 | Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.P. | Preparation of acetic acid |
| DE102009001765A1 (de) | 2009-03-23 | 2010-09-30 | Walter Ag | PVD beschichtetes Werkzeug |
| SG186330A1 (en) | 2010-06-14 | 2013-01-30 | Celanese Int Corp | Carbonylation process |
| US8785684B2 (en) | 2010-06-14 | 2014-07-22 | Celanese International Corporation | Methanol carbonylation process with rhodium catalyst, an iodide salt and a metallic co-catalyst selected from transition metals, indium, strontium, barium, zinc, tin and heteropoly acids |
| US8835681B2 (en) | 2010-06-14 | 2014-09-16 | Celanese International Corporation | Methanol carbonylation process with rhodium catalyst and a lanthanide metal co-catalyst |
| SG11201403174RA (en) | 2011-12-16 | 2014-09-26 | Celanese Int Corp | Production of acetic acid with enhanced catalyst stability |
| US9340481B1 (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2016-05-17 | Celanese International Corporation | Process for flashing a reaction medium comprising lithium acetate |
| ES2740773T3 (es) | 2014-11-14 | 2020-02-06 | Celanese Int Corp | Procedimiento de producción de ácido acético mediante la introducción de un compuesto de litio |
| US9957216B2 (en) | 2015-11-13 | 2018-05-01 | Celanese International Corporation | Processes for producing acetic acid |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3769329A (en) | 1970-03-12 | 1973-10-30 | Monsanto Co | Production of carboxylic acids and esters |
| DE3170215D1 (en) | 1980-12-29 | 1985-05-30 | Monsanto Co | Carbonylation process employing a catalyst stabilised in soluble form |
| CA1231965A (en) * | 1983-12-02 | 1988-01-26 | David J. Schreck | Synergistic production of carboxylic acids from alcohols |
| US5281751A (en) * | 1983-12-02 | 1994-01-25 | Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc. | Synergistic production of carboxylic acids from alcohols |
| US5144068A (en) | 1984-05-03 | 1992-09-01 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Methanol carbonylation process |
| US5001259A (en) | 1984-05-03 | 1991-03-19 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Methanol carbonylation process |
| US5026908A (en) | 1984-05-03 | 1991-06-25 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Methanol carbonylation process |
| CA1228867A (en) | 1984-05-03 | 1987-11-03 | G. Paull Torrence | Methanol carbonylation process |
| US5258751A (en) | 1991-11-04 | 1993-11-02 | Motorola, Inc. | Method of presenting messages for a selective call receiver |
| JP3244351B2 (ja) * | 1993-07-08 | 2002-01-07 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | 高純度酢酸の製造方法 |
| CN1070167C (zh) * | 1994-05-13 | 2001-08-29 | 派蒂斯艾西提克公司 | 用基于铱和碘化物的可溶性催化剂制备羧酸或相应酯的方法 |
| JP3306227B2 (ja) * | 1994-07-06 | 2002-07-24 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | 酢酸および／または無水酢酸の製造法 |
| JP3244385B2 (ja) * | 1994-06-15 | 2002-01-07 | ダイセル化学工業株式会社 | 高純度酢酸の製造方法 |
| GB9512427D0 (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1995-08-23 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Process |
| US5817869A (en) * | 1995-10-03 | 1998-10-06 | Quantum Chemical Corporation | Use of pentavalent Group VA oxides in acetic acid processing |
| US6031129A (en) * | 1995-10-03 | 2000-02-29 | Quantum Chemical Corporation | Use of pentavalent group VA oxides in acetic acid processing |
| GB9521501D0 (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1995-12-20 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Process |
-
1999
- 1999-08-31 US US09/386,561 patent/US6323364B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-07-08 UA UA2002021704A patent/UA69481C2/uk unknown
- 2000-08-07 CZ CZ20020754A patent/CZ301625B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-07 RU RU2002108001/04A patent/RU2217411C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-07 RS YUP-116/02A patent/RS50147B/sr unknown
- 2000-08-07 EP EP00952610A patent/EP1208072B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-07 KR KR1020027002661A patent/KR100718422B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-07 AU AU65276/00A patent/AU777960B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-08-07 CN CNB008121362A patent/CN1183080C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-07 JP JP2001519639A patent/JP4693320B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-07 WO PCT/US2000/021561 patent/WO2001016069A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-08-07 AT AT00952610T patent/ATE299855T1/de active
- 2000-08-07 TR TR2002/00546T patent/TR200200546T2/xx unknown
- 2000-08-07 PL PL354052A patent/PL199389B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-07 MX MXPA02002260A patent/MXPA02002260A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-08-07 DE DE60021392T patent/DE60021392T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-07 ES ES00952610T patent/ES2243289T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-07 CA CA002391720A patent/CA2391720C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-07 BR BRPI0013681-6A patent/BR0013681B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-17 AR ARP000104258A patent/AR025311A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-08-29 GC GCP2000883 patent/GC0000346A/en active
- 2000-08-29 TW TW089117494A patent/TWI227710B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-29 MY MYPI20003981A patent/MY121879A/en unknown
-
2002
- 2002-02-06 ZA ZA200201045A patent/ZA200201045B/xx unknown
- 2002-02-27 NO NO20020962A patent/NO327990B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM1K | Lapsed by not paying the annual fees |