NO325041B1 - Hydrauliske fluidblandinger - Google Patents

Hydrauliske fluidblandinger Download PDF

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Publication number
NO325041B1
NO325041B1 NO19984814A NO984814A NO325041B1 NO 325041 B1 NO325041 B1 NO 325041B1 NO 19984814 A NO19984814 A NO 19984814A NO 984814 A NO984814 A NO 984814A NO 325041 B1 NO325041 B1 NO 325041B1
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Norway
Prior art keywords
hydraulic fluid
mixture
mixture according
fluid mixture
ester
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NO19984814A
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English (en)
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NO984814L (no
NO984814D0 (no
Inventor
Thomas F Buenemann
Arie Dick Kardol
Abraham C Mooij
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Unichema Chemie Bv
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Application filed by Unichema Chemie Bv filed Critical Unichema Chemie Bv
Publication of NO984814D0 publication Critical patent/NO984814D0/no
Publication of NO984814L publication Critical patent/NO984814L/no
Publication of NO325041B1 publication Critical patent/NO325041B1/no

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Description

Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår hydrauliske fluider. Mer spesielt angår oppfinnelsen esterbaserte hydrauliske fluider med forbedrede lavtemperaturegenskaper.
Hydrauliske systemer anvendes i mange forskjellige typer mekanisk utstyr, så som automobiler, lastebiler, kraner, tog, annet transportutstyr, landbruksutstyr, skip og marint utstyr (alle mobile systemer) og ikke-mobile systemer så som i fabrikker og jernbaner. Slike hydrauliske systemer inneholder et hydraulisk fluid, som kan være basert på et petrokjemisk fluid (tradisjonelt) eller en ester/oljekje-misk basis (mer miljømessig akseptabelt).
Ved en rekke anvendelser utsettes disse hydrauliske systemer for lave temperaturer enten i miljøet eller i selve det hydrauliske system. Dette gjelder spesielt når hydrauliske systemer anvendes i land nær eller innenfor polarsirklene. Det er et kjent faktum at en rekke egenskaper hos hydrauliske fluider forandres ved forandring av temperatur i det hydrauliske fluid. Det er også kjent at lave temperaturer generelt har uheldig virkning på en rekke egenskaper hos det hydrauliske fluid, så som at hellepunktet og den (dynamiske) viskositet er for høye, og en utilstrekkelig lav temperaturstabilitet, osv.
US 4,144,183 omhandler forgrenede alifatiske esteroljer som anvendes
som smøremidler eller hydrauliske fluider.
EP 0612831 omhandler flammende hydrauliske oljer med en ester som
hovedkomponent.
US 4,234,497 omtaler en polyol ester som anvendes som base i syntetiske
smøremidler.
GB 1441918 omtaler esterblandinger og syntetiske smøremiddelblandinger
egnet for smøring av stempelmaskiner og girkasser i motorkjøretøy.
Når det gjelder hydrauliske fluider basert på petrokjemiske fluider, har det vært foreslått en rekke løsninger for forbedring av en del av lavtemperatur-egenskapene, for eksempel ved anvendelse av additiver så som hellepunktnedsettende midler. Inntil i dag er det imidlertid kjent at slike additiver ikke kan anvendes i hydrauliske fluider basert på estere/oljekjemikalier, på grunn av at de enten er uforenlige med esterne/oljekjemikaliene eller at slike additiver har utilstrekkelig effekt (den ønskede effekt er gode egenskaper ved lave temperaturer).
Det har følgelig vært et behov for et ester/oljekjemikaliebasert hydraulisk fluid med forbedrede lavtemperaturegenskaper, sammenliknet med vanlige ester/oljekjemikaliebaserte hydrauliske fluider. De «ester/oljekjemikalie-baserte fluider» skal i det foreliggende forstås som fluider egnet for anvendelse som hydraulisk (basis)-fluid for anvendelse i et hydraulisk system, hvor minst hovedandelen (dvs. mer enn 50 vekt%) består av en ester av en polyol og en karboksylsyre. Det er videre et formål med oppfinnelsen at det ester/oljekjemikalie-baserte hydraulisk fluid fremdeles har tilfredsstillende egenskaper ved «normalanvendelses»-temperaturer, i tillegg til de forbedrede lavtemperaturegenskaper. En viktig egenskap når det gjelder «normalanvendelses»-temperaturer, er den kinematiske viskositet ved 40 og 100°C. Med forbedrede lavtemperaturegenskaper menes at egenskapene hos det hydraulisk fluid er forbedret ved minst ett aspekt, fortrinnsvis lavtemperaturstabilitet.
Med lavtemperaturstabilitet menes at væsken fremdeles har egnede egenskaper etter at den er holdt ved lav temperatur i et betydelig tidsrom (en rekke dager). En måte å kvantifisere lavtemperaturstabilitet er ved hjelp av testmetoden ifølge ASTM D2531. Kort angitt består metoden av måling av den (kinematiske) viskositet for væsken etter at den er blitt holdt på -30°C i 168 timer. Den således målte viskositet bør da være under en spesifisert grense.
Det er nå blitt funnet at ovennevnte formål kan nås med en hydraulisk fluidblanding som omfatter mer enn 50 vekt% basert på total blanding av en ester av en polyol og en blanding av fettsyrer, hvor polyolen er valgt fra gruppen bestående av TMP, PE, NPG, di-TMP, tri-TMP, di-PE og tri-PE, og fettsyrene består hovedsakelig av en del (I) rettkjedede og/eller forgrenede Cs- og/eller C10-syrer og en annen del (II) av oljesyre, hvor forholdet mellom de forestrede syrene (l):(ll) er i området 1:1 til 1:20 på vektbasis, og hvor blandingen har en viskositet på 7000 mm<2>/s eller lavere, ved undersøkelse ifølge ASTM (D2531).
En slik ester omtales ofte som en blandet ester, noe som betyr at (gjennomsnittlig) hvert estermolekyl inneholder minst to forskjellige karboksylsyredeler. Nevnte kortkjedede fettsyrer samt lange fettsyrer kan være rettkjedede eller forgrenede (eller blandinger av disse).
Blandingen har fortrinnsvis en viskositet på 5000 mm<2>/s eller lavere ved testing ifølge ASTM (D2531).
For kombinering av gode lav- og høytemperaturegenskaper er det foretrukket at forholdet mellom kortkjedet fettsyre og langkjedet fettsyre i de blandede estere bør være mellom 1:1 og 1:20 på vektprosentbasis. Det ble funnet at i mange tilfeller trenges en relativt liten mengde kortkjedede fettsyrer for oppnåelse av den ønskede effekt, og følgelig er det enda mer foretrukket at det ovenfor angitte forhold er mellom 1:1 og 1:10 på vektbasis.
Skjønt blandingene ifølge oppfinnelsen fortrinnsvis er fri for additiver så som en emulgator eller et hellepunktnedsettende middel, kan spesifikke additiver så som en antioksidant (f.eks. amin- eller fenol-antioksidanttyper), viskositets-indeks-(Vl)-forbedrende middel (f.eks. polymetakrylat-forbindelser), en antislitasjeforbindelse (f.eks. ditiofosfater, kalsiumsulfonater, bariumsulfonater) og en antiskummingsforbindelse (f.eks. modifiserte dimetylpolysiloksaner) tilsettes til blandingene.
Blandingene ifølge oppfinnelsen omfatter fortrinnsvis estere av polyoler valgt fra gruppen som består av TMP (trimetylolpropan), PE (pentaerytritol), NPG (neopentylglykol), di-TMP, tri-TMP, di-PE, tri-PE. En høyst foretrukket polyol er
TMP.
Esterne ifølge oppfinnelsen har fortrinnsvis en syreverdi på under 5,0, fortrinnsvis under 1,0 mg KOH/g.
Blandingen som skal anvendes som hydraulisk fluid, omfatter fortrinnsvis minst 75 vekt%, mer foretrukket minst 85 vekt% av de blandede estere som definert ovenfor. Mest foretrukket er et hydraulisk fluid omfattende minst 95 vekt% av esterne som definert ovenfor.
Skjønt blandingene ifølge oppfinnelsen i noen tilfeller kan anvendes som sådanne i et hydraulisk system, er det også mulig at slike blandinger anvendes ved fremstilling av hydrauliske fluider, ved at de for eksempel kompounderes med andre fluider eller additiver.
En ytterligere utførelsesform av oppfinnelsen er anvendelse av blandingene ifølge det ovenfor anførte, i hydraulisk utstyr. Slikt hydraulisk utstyr kan være en del av et mobilt system.
Oppfinnelsen er ytterligere illustrert ved følgende eksempler.
EKSEMPLER
Eksempel 1
En firehalset kolbe med et indre volum på 2 liter ble utstyrt med rører, termometer/temperaturreguleringsinnretning, en nitrogengass-blåseinnretning og en vannseparator av typen Dean og Stark knyttet til en tilbakeløpskondensator. I kolben gle det fylt 220,1 g (1,64 mol) trimetylolpropan, 165 g (0,96 mol) av en oktan/dekansyreblanding (i et vektforhold på ca. 55:45) og 1115 g (3,97 mol) oljesyre. Blandingen ble forestret, oppvarmet ved hjelp av en manteloppvarmingsinnretning i en strøm av nitrogen. Etter tilførsel av varme i ca. 1 time, idet man startet ved romtemperatur, ble det oppnådd en temperatur på 160°C, og reaksjonsvannet ble destillert av. Temperaturen ble gradvis øket til 250°C, og 90 ml vann ble oppsamlet. På dette punkt ble vannseparatoren fjernet, og vakuum ble påført ved reaksjonsblandingen. Reaksjonen var fullstendig på en total reaksjonstid på ca. 7 timer. Totalt 75 g organiske lettfraksjoner ble destillert av i løpet av det siste trinn av reaksjonen. Til slutt ble esterproduktet filtrert for fjerning av eventuelle mekaniske forurensninger.
GLC-analyse av den således oppnådde ester viste at den inneholdt 13 vekt% av C8/C10-blandingen (forhold: 56,9:43,1) og 87 vekt% oljesyre (blant oljefraksjonen er mindre mengder av andre langkjedede fettsyrer).
Esterens egenskaper er oppført i tabell 1.
Eksempel 2
En firehalset kolbe med et indre volum på 2 liter ble utstyrt med rører, termometer/temperaturreguleringsinnretning, en nitrogengassblåseinnretning og en vannseparator av typen Dean og Stark knyttet til en tilbakeløpskondensator. I kolben ble det fylt 227,4 g (1,70 mol) trimetylolpropan, 164 g (1,14 mol) 2-etylheksansyre og 1109 g (3,95 mol) oljesyre. Blandingen ble forestret, oppvarmet ved hjelp av en manteloppvarmingsinnretning i en strøm av nitrogen. Etter ca. 1 time ble det oppnådd en temperatur på 160°C, og reaksjonsvannet ble destillert av. Temperaturen ble gradvis øket til 250°C, og 90 ml vann ble oppsamlet. På dette punkt ble vannseparatoren fjernet, og vakuum ble påført ved reaksjonsblandingen. Reaksjonen var fullstendig innen en total reaksjonstid på ca. 7 timer. Totalt 75 g organiske lettfraksjoner ble destillert av i løpet av det siste trinn av reaksjonen. Til slutt ble esterproduktet filtrert for fjerning av eventuelle mekaniske forurensninger.
GLC-analyse av den således oppnådde ester viste at den inneholdt 13,4 vekt% av 2-etylheksansyren og 86,6 vekt% oljesyre (blant oljefraksjonen er mindre mengder av andre langkjedede fettsyrer).
Egenskapene hos den således oppnådde ester er oppført i tabell 1.
TMP er trimetylolpropan. Cb/C-io er en blanding av fettsyrer med 8 eller 10 karbonatomer. 2-EH er 2-etylheksansyre (forgrenet C8). Ci8:i er (hovedsakelig) oljesyre.

Claims (11)

1. Hydraulisk fluidblanding som omfatter mer enn 50 vekt% basert på total blanding av en ester av en polyol og en blanding av fettsyrer, karakterisert ved at polyolen er valgt fra gruppen bestående av TMP, PE, NPG, di-TMP, tri-TMP, di-PE og tri-PE, og fettsyrene består hovedsakelig av en del (I) rettkjedede og/eller forgrenede Cs- og/eller Cio-syrer og en annen del (II) av oljesyre, hvor forholdet mellom de forestrede syrene (l):(ll) er i området 1:1 til 1:20 på vektbasis, og hvor blandingen har en viskositet på 7000 mm<2>/s eller lavere, ved undersøkelse ifølge ASTM (D2531).
2. Hydraulisk fluidblanding ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at blandingen har en viskositet på 5000 mm<2>/s eller lavere ved undersøkelse ifølge ASTM (D2531).
3. Hydraulisk fluidblanding ifølge krav 1 eller 2, karakterisert ved at forholdet (I): (II) er mellom 1:1 og 1:10 på vektbasis.
4. Hydraulisk fluidblanding ifølge hvilket som helst av kravene 1 -3, karakterisert ved at blandingen er hovedsakelig fri for emulgator.
5. Hydraulisk fluidblanding ifølge hvilket som helst av kravene 1-4, karakterisert ved at den videre omfatter en antioksidant.
6. Hydraulisk fluidblanding ifølge hvilket som helst av kravene 1-5, karakterisert ved at den videre omfatter et viskositetsindeks-(VI)-forbedrende middel.
7. Hydraulisk fluidblanding ifølge hvilket som helst av kravene 1 -6, karakterisert ved at den videre omfatter en antislitasjeforbindelse.
8. Hydraulisk fluidblanding ifølge hvilket som helst av kravene 1-7, karakterisert ved at den videre omfatter en antiskummingsforbindelse.
9. Blanding ifølge hvilket som helst av kravene 1-8, karakterisert ved at den omfatter hovedsakelig intet hellepunktnedsettende middel.
10. Hydraulisk fluidblanding ifølge hvilket som helst av kravene 1 -9, karakterisert ved at polyolen omfatter TMP.
11. Blanding ifølge hvilket som helst av kravene 1-10, karakterisert ved at fettsyreesteren er tilstede i en mengde på minst 75 vekt%, basert på den totale blanding.
NO19984814A 1996-04-16 1998-10-15 Hydrauliske fluidblandinger NO325041B1 (no)

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WO1997039086A1 (en) 1997-10-23
AU2507297A (en) 1997-11-07
ES2144853T3 (es) 2000-06-16
NO984814L (no) 1998-12-15
ES2144853T5 (es) 2007-04-01
MY118071A (en) 2004-08-30
CN1217016A (zh) 1999-05-19
KR100465466B1 (ko) 2005-02-28
US20020193259A1 (en) 2002-12-19
JP2000507277A (ja) 2000-06-13
DE69701800D1 (de) 2000-05-31
JP4666694B2 (ja) 2011-04-06
DE898605T1 (de) 1999-07-22
EP0898605B9 (en) 2007-11-07
DE69701800T2 (de) 2000-10-19
EP0898605B1 (en) 2000-04-26
EP0898605B2 (en) 2006-08-30
US6693064B2 (en) 2004-02-17
CA2250964A1 (en) 1997-10-23
CN1084786C (zh) 2002-05-15
DE69701800T3 (de) 2007-05-16
ATE192186T1 (de) 2000-05-15
EP0898605A1 (en) 1999-03-03
KR970070169A (ko) 1997-11-07
NO984814D0 (no) 1998-10-15
CA2250964C (en) 2004-09-14

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