JP2000507277A - 作動液 - Google Patents

作動液

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Publication number
JP2000507277A
JP2000507277A JP9522317A JP52231797A JP2000507277A JP 2000507277 A JP2000507277 A JP 2000507277A JP 9522317 A JP9522317 A JP 9522317A JP 52231797 A JP52231797 A JP 52231797A JP 2000507277 A JP2000507277 A JP 2000507277A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
composition according
composition
fatty acid
ester
carbon atoms
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP9522317A
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English (en)
Other versions
JP4666694B2 (ja
JP2000507277A5 (ja
Inventor
ブネマン，トーマス，エフ
カルドール，アリー，デイック
モーイ，アブラハム，シイ デ
Original Assignee
ユニケマ ケミー ベスローテム ベンノットシャップ
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Application filed by ユニケマ ケミー ベスローテム ベンノットシャップ filed Critical ユニケマ ケミー ベスローテム ベンノットシャップ
Publication of JP2000507277A publication Critical patent/JP2000507277A/ja
Publication of JP2000507277A5 publication Critical patent/JP2000507277A5/ja
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    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
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    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
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    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
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    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
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Abstract

(57)【要約】 本発明はポリオールと脂肪酸混合物とのエステルを含有してなる組成物であって、エステル化した脂肪酸の少なくとも一部（Ｉ）が５〜12個の炭素原子の鎖長を有し、エステル化した脂肪酸の別の部分（II）が16〜22個の炭素原子の鎖長を有し、該組成物がASTM(D2531)により試験した時に7000mm2／秒又はそれ以下の粘度を有する組成物に関する。かゝる組成物は予期せぬ程に良好な低温特性を有し特に低温で（例えば−30℃で）長期間保持させた後でも良好なレオロジーを有する。これらの組成物は低温での用途において作動液（又はその一部）として用いるのに適当である。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 作動液 本発明は作動液に関する。更に詳しく言えば本発明は低温特性が向上したエス テル基剤の作動液に関する。 油圧系統(hydraulic systems)は広範囲の機械装置例えば自動車、トラック、 クレーン、列車、他の輸送装置、農業用装置、船舶及び海洋装置（全ての可動シ ステム）及び工場や鉄道における如き不動システムに用いられる。かゝる油圧系 統は作動液即ち圧媒液を含有し、作動液は石油化学流体（伝統的）又はエステル ／油化学薬剤(oleochemical)基剤（環境上からは更に満足できる）に基づくこと ができる。 多数の応用において、これらの油圧系統は環境上の又は油圧系統それ自体の何 れかの低温を受ける。これは特に油圧系統を北極圏近くの又は北極圏内の国土で 用いた場合に該当する。作動液の多数の特性が作動液の温度変化に応じて変化す ることは既知の事実である。低温は作動液の多数の特性に一般に悪影響を及ぼす ことも既知であり、例えば余りにも高い流動点及び（動的）粘度及び不十分な低 温安定性等に不利となる。 石油化学流体を基剤とする作動液(hydraulic fluid)については、低温特性の 若干を改良するために例えば流動点降下剤の如き添加剤の使用によって多数の解 決策が提案されてきた。然しながら、今日まで、かゝる添加剤 は、エステル／油化学薬剤を基剤とする作動液には使用できないことが知られて いる。何故ならば、該添加剤はエステル／油化学薬剤と非混和性であるか又は該 添加剤は不十分な効果を奏するからである（所望の効果は低温での良好な諸特性 である）。従って、慣用のエステル／油薬剤基剤の作動液と比較した時に、向上 した低温特性を有するエステル／油薬剤基剤の作動液に対する必要性があった。 「エステル／油薬剤基剤の作動液」とはこゝでは、少なくとも主要部分（即ち50 重量％より多い）がポリオールとカルボン酸とのエステルから構成される、油圧 系統で用いるための作動（基剤）液として応用するのに適当な流体であると理解 すべきである。エステル／含油薬剤基剤の作動液が向上した低温特性に加えて、 「常用の」温度で尚満足な特性を有することは本発明の別の目的である。「常用 」温度に関連する重要な特性は40℃及び100℃における動粘度である。向上した 低温諸特性とは、作動液の諸特性が少なくとも１つの観点から見て向上されてお り、好ましくは低温安定性であることを意味する。 低温安定性とは作動液が低温でかなりの長期間（多数の日数）保持した後でも 尚適当な特性を有することを意味する。低温安定性を定量する仕方はASTM D2531 による試験方法により行なう。要するに、この方法は−30℃で168時間保持した 後に作動液の（動）粘度を測定することよりなる。こうして測定した粘度は特定 の限界値以下 であるべきである。 今般見出された所によれば、ポリオールと脂肪酸混合物とのエステルを含有す る組成物であってエステル化した脂肪酸の少なくとも一部（Ｉ）が５〜12個の炭 素原子の鎖長を有し、エステル化した脂肪酸の別の部分（II）が16〜22個の炭素 原子の鎖長を有し、該組成物がASTM（D2531）により試験した時に7000mm2／秒又 はそれ以下の粘度を有する組成物によって、前記の目的に適合させ得る。かゝる エステルは混合エステルと記載されることが多く、（平均して）各々のエステル 分子が少なくとも２種の相異なるカルボン酸部分を含有することを意味する。前 記の短鎖脂肪酸並びに長鎖脂肪酸は直鎖又は分枝鎖の脂肪酸（又はこれらの混合 物）であり得る。 前記の組成物はASTM(D2531)により試験した時に5000mm2／秒又はそれ以下の粘 度を有するのが好ましい。 良好な低温特性と高温特性とを組合せるには、混合したエステル中の短鎖脂肪 酸：長鎖脂肪酸の重量比は２：１〜１：20であるのが好ましい。多数の場合に、 比較的少量の短鎖脂肪酸が所望の効果を得るのに必要とされることが見出され、 従って前記の重量比は１：１〜１：10であるのが尚更に好ましい。 本発明の組成物は乳化剤又は流動点降下剤の如き添加剤を含有しないのが好ま しいけれども、酸化防止剤（例えばアミン型又はフェノール型の酸化防止剤）、 粘度指数（VI）向上剤（例えばポリメタクリレート化合物）、 摩耗防止化合物（例えばジチオホスフェート、スルホン酸カルシウム、スルホン 酸バリウム）及び消泡化合物（例えば変性ジメチルポリシロキサン）の如き特定 の添加剤を前記組成物に添加できる。 本発明の組成物はＴＭＰ（トリメチロールプロパン）、ＰＥ（ペンタエリスリ トール）、ＮＰＧ（ネオペンチルグリコール）、ジ−ＴＭＰ、トリ−ＴＭＰ、ジ −ＰＥ、トリ−ＰＥよりなる群から選んだポリオールのエステルを含有してなる のが好ましい。最も好ましいポリオールはＴＭＰである。 ポリオールは、分枝鎖又は直鎖Ｃ8又はＣ10脂肪酸又はこれの混合物を有する 短鎖脂肪酸を包含する混合物でエステル化するのが好ましい。長鎖部分について は、これらの脂肪酸はオレイン酸又はイソステアリン酸を包含するのが好ましい 。 本発明によるエステルは5.0mgＫＯＨ／ｇ以下の酸価を有するのが好ましく、1 .0mgＫＯＨ／ｇ以下の酸価を有するのがより好ましい。 好ましくは、作動液として用いるべき組成物は少なくとも75重量％、より好ま しくは少なくとも85重量％の前述の混合エステルを含有する。少なくとも95重量 ％のエステルを含有する作動液が最も好ましい。 若干の場合には本発明の組成物は油圧系統にそのまゝ用い得るけれども、かゝ る組成物は例えばこれを別の流体又は添加剤と配合することにより作動液の製造 に用い ることもできる。 本発明の別の具体例は液圧装置に前記組成物を使用することである。かゝる液 圧装置は可動システムの一部であり得る。 本発明は更に作動液の製造方法からなり、ポリオールを脂肪酸混合物でエステ ル化することからなり、その際脂肪酸の少なくとも一部は短鎖長（５〜12個の炭 素原子）を有し、脂肪酸の別の部分は長鎖長（16〜22個の炭素原子）を有し、脂 肪酸エステルは全組成物に基いて少なくとも75重量％の量で組成物中に存在する ものとし、しかも場合によっては得られる混合エステルを別成分と混合すること からなる、作動液の製造方法に関する。前記の短鎖脂肪酸並びに長鎖脂肪酸は直 鎖又は分枝鎖脂肪酸（又はこれの混合物）であり得る。 本発明を次の実施例により更に例示するが、該実施例は本発明をこれに限定す るものと解すべきでない。 実施例実施例１ 内部容量２リットルの四ッ首フラスコは攪拌機、温度計／温度調節装置、窒素 ガスブロアー及び還流コンデンサーに接続したディーン・スターク水分離器を備 えている。このフラスコに220.1g（1.64モル）のトリメチロールプロパン、165g （0.96モル）のオクタン酸／デカン酸混合物（約55：45の重量比）及び1115g（3 .97モル）のオレイン酸を装入した。該混合物をエステル化し、窒 素流中でマントルヒーターにより加熱した。室温から開始して大体１時間熱を供 給した後に、160℃の温度に到達させ、反応水を留去した。温度を徐々に250℃に まで昇温させ、90mlの水を収集した。この時点で水分離器を取去り、真空を反応 混合物に印加した。反応は大体７時間の全反応期間で完了した。反応の最後の段 階中に全部で75gの有機軽質フラクションを留出した。最後にエステル生成物を 濾過して何れかの機械的不純物を除去した。 こうして得られたエステルのＧＬＣ分析が示す所によれば、エステルは13重量 ％のＣ8／Ｃ10混合物（比率は56.9：43.1）と87重量％のオレイン酸（オレイン 酸フラクションの中には少量の別の長鎖脂肪酸がある）とを含有した。 得られたエステルの諸特性を表１に記載する。実施例２ 内部容量２リットルの四ッ首フラスコは攪拌機、温度計／温度調節装置、窒素 ガスブロアー及び還流コンデンサーに接続したディーン・スターク水分離器を備 えている。このフラスコに227.4g（1.70モル）のトリメチロールプロパンと164g （1.14モル）の２−エチルヘキサン酸と1109g（3.95モル）のオレイン酸とを装 入した。該混合物をエステル化し、窒素流中でマントルヒーターにより加熱した 。大体１時間後に、160℃の温度に到達させ、反応水を留去した。温度を徐々に2 50℃まで昇温させ、90mlの水を収集した。この時点で水分離器を取去 り、真空を反応混合物に印加した。反応は大体７時間の全反応期間で完了した。 反応の最後の段階中に全部で75ｇの有機軽質フラクションを留出した。最後にエ ステル生成物を濾過して何れかの機械的不純物を除去した。 こうして得られたエステルのＧＬＣ分析が示す所によれば、エステルは13.4重 量％の２−エチルヘキサン酸と86.6重量％のオレイン酸（オレイン酸フラクショ ンの中には少量の別の長鎖脂肪酸がある）とを含有した。 こうして得られたエステルの諸特性を表１に記載する。 表 １．本発明（実施例１及び２）の作動液と比較例の作動液の諸特性 ＴＭＰはトリメチロールプロパンである。Ｃ6／Ｃ10は８個又は10個の炭素原 子を有する脂肪酸の混合物である。２−ＥＨは２−エチルヘキサン酸（分枝鎖Ｃ8 ）である。Ｃ18:1は（主として）オレイン酸である。
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ テーマコート゛(参考） Ｃ１０Ｎ 30:10 30:18 40:08 (81)指定国 ＥＰ(ＡＴ，ＢＥ，ＣＨ，ＤＥ， ＤＫ，ＥＳ，ＦＩ，ＦＲ，ＧＢ，ＧＲ，ＩＥ，ＩＴ，Ｌ Ｕ，ＭＣ，ＮＬ，ＰＴ，ＳＥ)，ＯＡ(ＢＦ，ＢＪ，ＣＦ ，ＣＧ，ＣＩ，ＣＭ，ＧＡ，ＧＮ，ＭＬ，ＭＲ，ＮＥ， ＳＮ，ＴＤ，ＴＧ)，ＡＰ(ＧＨ，ＫＥ，ＬＳ，ＭＷ，Ｓ Ｄ，ＳＺ，ＵＧ)，ＵＡ(ＡＭ，ＡＺ，ＢＹ，ＫＧ，ＫＺ ，ＭＤ，ＲＵ，ＴＪ，ＴＭ)，ＡＬ，ＡＭ，ＡＴ，ＡＵ ，ＡＺ，ＢＡ，ＢＢ，ＢＧ，ＢＲ，ＢＹ，ＣＡ，ＣＨ， ＣＮ，ＣＵ，ＣＺ，ＤＥ，ＤＫ，ＥＥ，ＥＳ，ＦＩ，Ｇ Ｂ，ＧＥ，ＧＨ，ＨＵ，ＩＬ，ＩＳ，ＪＰ，ＫＥ，ＫＧ ，ＫＰ，ＫＲ，ＫＺ，ＬＣ，ＬＫ，ＬＲ，ＬＳ，ＬＴ， ＬＵ，ＬＶ，ＭＤ，ＭＧ，ＭＫ，ＭＮ，ＭＷ，ＭＸ，Ｎ Ｏ，ＮＺ，ＰＬ，ＰＴ，ＲＯ，ＲＵ，ＳＤ，ＳＥ，ＳＧ ，ＳＩ，ＳＫ，ＴＪ，ＴＭ，ＴＲ，ＴＴ，ＵＡ，ＵＧ， ＵＳ，ＵＺ，ＶＮ，ＹＵ (72)発明者 デ モーイ，アブラハム，シイ オランダ国 エヌエル―2802 ベ ハウ ダ，ブールテイエ １，ユニケマ ケミー ベスローテム ベンノットシャップ内

Claims (1)

  1. 【特許請求の範囲】 １．ポリオールと脂肪酸混合物とのエステルを含有してなる組成物であって、 エステル化した脂肪酸の少なくとも一部（Ｉ）が５〜１２個の炭素原子の鎖長を 有し、エステル化した脂肪酸の別の部分（II）が16〜22個の炭素原子の鎖長を有 し、該組成物がASTM(D2531)により試験した時には7000mm2／秒又はそれ以下の粘 度を有する組成物。 ２．該組成物がASTM(D2531)により試験した時は5000mm2／秒又はそれ以下の粘 度を有する請求の範囲１記載の組成物。 ３．エステル化した短鎖脂肪酸（Ｉ）：長鎖脂肪酸（II）の比率が重量比で２ ：１〜１：２０である請求の範囲１又は２記載の組成物。 ４．前記の重量比（Ｉ）：（II）は１：１〜１：10である請求の範囲３記載の 組成物。 ５．組成物が乳化剤を実質的に含有しない請求の範囲１〜４の何れかに記載の 組成物。 ６．抗酸化剤を更に含有してなる請求の範囲１〜５の何れかに記載の組成物。 ７．粘度指数（VI）向上剤を更に含有してなる請求の範囲１〜６の何れかに記 載の組成物。 ８．摩耗防止化合物を更に含有してなる請求の範囲１〜７の何れかに記載の組 成物。 ９．消泡化合物を更に含有してなる請求の範囲１〜８ の何れかに記載の組成物。 10．流動点降下剤を実質的に含有しない請求の範囲１〜９の何れかに記載の組 成物。 １１．ポリオールはＴＭＰ、ＰＥ、ＮＰＧ、ジ−ＴＭＰ、トリ−ＴＭＰ、ジ− ＰＥ、トリ−ＰＥよりなる群から選ばれる請求の範囲1〜10の何れかに記載の組 成物。 12．ポリオールはＴＭＰを包含する請求の範囲11記載の組成物。 13．短鎖脂肪酸は分枝鎖又は直鎖Ｃ8又はＣ10脂肪酸又はこれらの混合物を包 含する請求の範囲１〜12の何れかに記載の組成物。 14．長鎖脂肪酸はオレイン酸又イソステアリン酸を包含する請求の範囲１〜13 の何れかに記載の組成物。 15．脂肪酸エステルは全組成物に基いて少なくとも75重量％の量で存在する請 求の範囲１〜14の何れかに記載の組成物。 16．作動液の製造に請求の範囲１〜15の何れかに記載の組成物。 17．液圧装置おける請求の範囲１〜15の何れかに記載の組成物。 18．液圧装置は可動システムの一部である請求の範囲17記載の使用。 19．ポリオールを脂肪酸混合物でエステル化することからなる作動液の製造方 法において、脂肪酸の少なくとも一部は短鎖長（５〜12個の炭素原子）を有し、 脂肪酸 の別の部分は長鎖長（16〜22個の炭素原子）を有し、場合によっては得られる混 合したエステルを別成分と混合することからなることを特徴とする作動液の製造 方法。
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KR950005694B1 (ko) * 1989-07-05 1995-05-29 가부시끼가이샤 교오세끼 세이힝기주쓰 겡뀨쇼 냉각윤활제
DE3927155A1 (de) † 1989-08-17 1991-02-21 Henkel Kgaa Umweltfreundliches grundoel fuer die formulierung von hydraulikoelen
DE4222341A1 (de) * 1992-07-08 1994-01-13 Henkel Kgaa Grundöle mit hohem Viskositätsindex und verbessertem Kälteverhalten
EP0612831B1 (en) * 1992-12-07 1998-03-25 Idemitsu Kosan Company Limited Flame retardant hydraulic oil
SG75080A1 (en) * 1994-11-29 2000-09-19 Sanyo Electric Co Refrigerating apparatus and lubricating oil composition

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012511077A (ja) * 2008-12-05 2012-05-17 トータル・ラフィナージュ・マーケティング ポリオールエステルを基剤とする潤滑油
JP2015521341A (ja) * 2012-04-26 2015-07-27 フックス ペイトロルブ エスエー 変圧器のための冷却及び絶縁流体としてのエステル

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US20020193259A1 (en) 2002-12-19
CA2250964A1 (en) 1997-10-23
WO1997039086A1 (en) 1997-10-23
EP0898605B9 (en) 2007-11-07
NO325041B1 (no) 2008-01-21
ES2144853T3 (es) 2000-06-16
ES2144853T5 (es) 2007-04-01
DE69701800T3 (de) 2007-05-16
CN1217016A (zh) 1999-05-19
CN1084786C (zh) 2002-05-15
NO984814L (no) 1998-12-15
NO984814D0 (no) 1998-10-15
EP0898605A1 (en) 1999-03-03
DE69701800T2 (de) 2000-10-19
JP4666694B2 (ja) 2011-04-06
CA2250964C (en) 2004-09-14
DE898605T1 (de) 1999-07-22
KR970070169A (ko) 1997-11-07
KR100465466B1 (ko) 2005-02-28
MY118071A (en) 2004-08-30
US6693064B2 (en) 2004-02-17
ATE192186T1 (de) 2000-05-15
EP0898605B2 (en) 2006-08-30
AU2507297A (en) 1997-11-07
DE69701800D1 (de) 2000-05-31
EP0898605B1 (en) 2000-04-26

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