CN1084786C - 液压液 - Google Patents

液压液 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1084786C
CN1084786C CN97193464A CN97193464A CN1084786C CN 1084786 C CN1084786 C CN 1084786C CN 97193464 A CN97193464 A CN 97193464A CN 97193464 A CN97193464 A CN 97193464A CN 1084786 C CN1084786 C CN 1084786C
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China
Prior art keywords
composition
acid
ester
hydraulic
hydraulic composition
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Expired - Lifetime
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CN97193464A
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CN1217016A (zh
Inventor
T·F·布内曼
A·D·卡多尔
A·C·德莫伊
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Mary Junik Ltd By Share Ltd
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Uniqema BV
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    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
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    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
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    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
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Abstract

本发明涉及含有多元醇与脂肪酸的混合物的酯的组合物，其中酯化的脂肪酸的至少一部分(I)具有5-12个碳原子的链长，酯化的脂肪酸的另一部分(II)具有16-22个碳原子的链长，其中该组合物按照ASTM(D2531)试验时，其粘度为7000mm2/s或更低。这样的组合物具有未预计到的好的低温性能，特别是在低温(例如在-30℃)长时间储存后具有好的流动生。这些组合物适合用作(部分)在低温下使用的液压液。

Description

液压液
本发明涉及液压液。更具体地说，本发明涉及具有改善的低温性能的酯基液压液。
液压系统广泛地用在机械设备，例如汽车、卡车、吊车、火车、其它运输设备、农业设备、船和航海设备(所有的运动系统)和非运动系统例如工厂和铁路。这样的液压系统含有液压液，液压液是基于石油化学流体(常规的)或酯/油化学品(环境更能接受的)。
在许多应用中，这些液压系统要经历低温，该低温或是环境或是液压系统本身。当液压系统用在接近或就在北极圈内的地区时，其特别是这种情况。人们知道，许多液压液的性能根据液压液的变化的温度而变化。人们也知道，低温一般的对液压液的许多性能有不利的影响，例如倾点和(运动)粘度太高和低温稳定性不够等。
对于基于石油化学液体的液压液，已经提出了许多解决办法来改进低温性能的某些性能。例如，通过使用添加剂例如倾点下降剂。但是，直至到现在，人们知道这样的添加剂不能用在基于酯/油化学品的液压液，因为它们或者是与酯/油化学品不相容或者是这样的添加剂没有足够的效果(所需要的结果是在低温下有好的性能)。
因此，当与常规的酯/油化学品基的液压液比较时，就需要酯/油化学品基的液压液有改善的低温性能。此处的“酯/油化学品基的液”要理解为是流体，适合用在液压系统作为液压(基)液，其中至少大部分(即大于50％(重量))是由多元醇和羧酸的酯组成的。本发明的一个目的是酯/油化学品基液压液除了具有改善的低温性能之外在“通常使用”的温度下仍具有满意的性能。关于“通常使用”的温度的一个重要的性能是在40℃和100℃的运动粘度。改善的低温性能的意思是该液压液的性能至少在一个方面有改善，优选是低温稳定性。
低温稳定性的意思是在低温保持了相当长的时间(许多天)之后该液体仍具有合适的性能。量化低温稳定性的方法是根据ASTMD2531的试验方法。简单地说，该方法是在其在-30℃保持168个小时之后测定该液体的(运动)粘度。这样测定的该粘度应该是低于规定的限度。
现已发现，含有多元醇和脂肪酸的混合物的酯的组合物可以满足上述的目的，其中酯化的脂肪酸的至少一部分(I)具有5-12个碳原子的链长，酯化的脂肪酸的另一部分(II)具有16-22个碳原子的链长，并且，当按照ASTM(D2531)的试验方法试验时该组合物的粘度为7000mm2/s或者更低。这样一种酯通常称作混合酯，意思是(平均)每一种酯分子含有至少两种不同的羧酸部分。所说的短链脂肪酸以及长链脂肪酸可以是直链或支链(或其混合物)。
优选地是，当按照ASTM(D2531)试验时，该组合物的粘度为5000mm2/s或者更低。
为了很好的低温性能和高温性能的结合，优选地是在混合的酯中短链脂肪酸以与长链脂肪酸的比率应该是2∶1-1∶20(重量)。已经发现，对于很多的情况，为了得到所需要的效果，需要较少量的短链脂肪酸，因此，甚至更优选地是上述所指的比率为1∶1-1∶10(重量)。
虽然本发明的组合物优选地是没有添加剂例如乳化剂或倾点下降剂，但特殊的添加剂例如抗氧化剂(例如胺或酚型抗氧化剂)、粘度指数(VI)改进剂(例如聚甲基丙烯酸酯化合物)、抗磨化合物(例如二硫代磷酸盐、磺酸钙、磺酸钡)和抗泡化合物(例如改性的二甲基聚硅氧烷)可以加到该组合物中。
本发明的组合物优选地包括多元醇的酯，该多元醇选自TMP(三甲醇丙烷)、PE(季戊四醇)、NPG(新戊二醇)、2-TMP、3-TMP、2-PE、3-PE。最优选的多元醇是TMP。
该多元醇优选的是用含有具有支链或直链C8或C10脂肪酸或它们的混合物的短链脂肪酸的混合物酯化。对于长链部分，优选地是它们包括油酸或异硬脂酸。
优选地，本发明的酯具有的酸值小于5.0，更优选小于1.0mgKOH/g。
优选地是，用作液压液的该组合物包括至少75％，更优选至少85％(重量)的如上定义的混合酯。最优选的是液压液包括至少95％(重量)的如上定义的混合酯。
虽然对于某些情况，本发明的该组合物可以在这样的液压系统中使用，但是这样的组合物用在液压液的制造例如通过把它们与其它的液体或添加剂化合也是可能的。
本发明的另一个实施方案是上述的该组合物在液压设备中的使用。这样的液压设备可以是运动系统的部件。
本发明还包括液压液的制造方法，该方法包括用脂肪酸的混合物酯化多元醇，其中至少一部分脂肪酸具有短链(5-12个碳原子)，另一部分脂肪酸具有长链(16-22个碳原子)，并且基于总的组合物，其中在该组合物中脂肪酸酯的存在量至少75％(重量)，任选的把该生或的混合酯与其它的组分混合。所说的短链脂肪酸以及长链脂肪酸可以是直链或支链(或它们的混合物)。
本发明通过下面的实施例进一步加以说明，但是要知道，这些实施例不是限制本发明。
实施例1
把内部体积为2升的4颈烧瓶装配上搅拌器、温度计/温度控制装置、氮气鼓风机和连接到回流冷凝器的Dean和Stark水分离器。在该烧瓶中加220.1g(1.64摩尔)三甲醇丙烷、165g(0.96摩尔)辛酸/癸酸混合物(重量比约55∶45)和1115g(3.97摩尔)油酸。在氮气流中通过套式加热器加热来酯化该混合物。在室温开始加热大约1个小时之后，温度达到160℃，并且蒸馏出反应水。温度逐渐升到250℃，并且收集到90ml水。在此时除去水分离器，把反应混合物抽真空。总的反应时间大约7小时完成反应。在反应的最后阶段蒸馏出总共74g有机轻馏分。最后过滤该酯产物，以便除去所有的机械杂质。
这样得到的酯的GLC分析表明，其含有13％(重量)的C8/C10混合物(比率为56.9∶43.1)和87％(重量)的油酸(在油酸馏分中有少量的其它长链脂肪酸)。
在表1中列出了该酯的性质。
实施例2
把内部体积为2升的4颈烧瓶装配上搅拌器、温度计/温度控制装置、氮气鼓风机和连接到回流冷凝器的Dean和Stark水分离器。在该烧瓶中加227.4g(1.70摩尔)三甲醇丙烷、164g(1.14摩尔)2-乙基己酸和1109g(3.95摩尔)油酸。在氮气流中通过套式加热器加热来酯化该混合物。大约1个小时后，温度达到160℃，并且蒸馏出反应水。温度逐渐升到250℃，并且收集到90ml水。在此时除去水分离器，把反应混合物抽真空。总的反应时间大约7小时完成反应。在反应的最后阶段蒸馏出总共75g有机轻馏分。最后过滤该酯产物，以便除去所有的机械杂质。
这样得到的酯的GLC分析表明，其含有13.4％(重量)的2-乙基己酸和86.6％(重量)的油酸(在油酸馏分中有少量的其它长链脂肪酸)。
在表1中列出了该酯的性质。
表1.本发明的液体(实施例1和2)和比较例的性质。
实施例     1     2     比较例
多元醇     TMP     TMP     TMP
短链脂肪酸     C8/C10     2-EH     不存在
长链脂肪酸     C18∶1     C18∶1     C18∶1
浊点(℃)     -32     -25     -24
倾点(℃)     -56     -50     -50
粘度(mm2/s)ASTM-D235130℃/168小时     3900     4900     不能测定(引晶)
运动粘度40℃(mm2/s)     43.3     44.5     47
运动粘度100℃(mm2/s)     9.0     8.8     9.6
TMP是三甲醇丙烷。C8/C10是具有8或10个碳原子的脂肪酸的混合物。2-EH是2-乙基己酸(支链C8)。C18∶1是(主要的)油酸。

Claims (7)

1.液压液组合物，其包括至少占组合物总重75重量％的多元醇和脂肪酸的混合物的酯，其中所述多元醇选自三甲醇丙烷、季戊四醇、新戊二醇、2-三甲醇丙烷、3-三甲醇丙烷、2-季戊四醇、3-季戊四醇，所述脂肪酸主要由选自直链或支链C8或C10酸的部(I)，以及选自不饱和的直链C16-22酸的另一部分(II)所组成，其中酯化的酸(I)和(II)的比率在1∶1至1∶20的范围内，并且当按照ASTM(D2531)试验时，该组合物的粘度为7000mm2/s或更低。
2.根据权利要求1的液压液组合物，其特征在于，当按照ASTM(D2531)试验时，该组合物的粘度为5000mm2/s或更低。
3.根据权利要求1的液压液组合物，其特征在于所述(I)与(II)的重量比率为1∶1-1∶10。
4.根据权利要求1的液压液组合物，其特征在于该组合物基本上没有选自乳化剂和倾点下降剂的添加物。
5.根据权利要求1的液压液组合物，其特征在于该组合物还含有选自抗氧化剂、粘度指数(VI)改进剂、抗磨化合物和防泡化合物的添加物。
6.根据权利要求1的液压液组合物，其特征在于多元醇包括三甲醇丙烷。
7.根据权利要求1的液压液组合物，其特征在于部分(II)的酸包括油酸。
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NO325041B1 (no) 2008-01-21
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MY118071A (en) 2004-08-30
US6693064B2 (en) 2004-02-17
EP0898605B9 (en) 2007-11-07
JP2000507277A (ja) 2000-06-13
ATE192186T1 (de) 2000-05-15
KR970070169A (ko) 1997-11-07
DE69701800T2 (de) 2000-10-19
DE69701800T3 (de) 2007-05-16
EP0898605B1 (en) 2000-04-26
AU2507297A (en) 1997-11-07
EP0898605B2 (en) 2006-08-30
NO984814D0 (no) 1998-10-15
DE898605T1 (de) 1999-07-22
NO984814L (no) 1998-12-15
ES2144853T3 (es) 2000-06-16
CN1217016A (zh) 1999-05-19
JP4666694B2 (ja) 2011-04-06
WO1997039086A1 (en) 1997-10-23
US20020193259A1 (en) 2002-12-19
ES2144853T5 (es) 2007-04-01
EP0898605A1 (en) 1999-03-03

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