NO156519B - Selvstartende, baerbart verktoey. - Google Patents
Selvstartende, baerbart verktoey. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO156519B NO156519B NO820182A NO820182A NO156519B NO 156519 B NO156519 B NO 156519B NO 820182 A NO820182 A NO 820182A NO 820182 A NO820182 A NO 820182A NO 156519 B NO156519 B NO 156519B
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- piston
- combustion chamber
- return
- diamines
- cylinder
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- -1 aliphatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBURUDXSBYGPBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3-trimethylhexanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)(C)C(C)CCC(O)=O GBURUDXSBYGPBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMEDJBFVJUFIDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(carboxymethyl)phenyl]acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1CC(O)=O MMEDJBFVJUFIDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCERVBGVOSICNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-(2-carboxyethyl)phenyl]propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1CCC(O)=O BCERVBGVOSICNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001279 adipic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000032 aromatic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidine Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HFACYLZERDEVSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001896 cresols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical class NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- BVOQHCCAWNQDOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane-1,4,6,9-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound C(C(C(=O)O)CCCC(=O)O)C(C(=O)O)CCCC(=O)O BVOQHCCAWNQDOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical group OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001755 resorcinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003739 xylenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05C1/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
- B05C1/04—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length
- B05C1/08—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
- B25C1/00—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices
- B25C1/08—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by combustion pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
- F02B63/02—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for hand-held tools
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P11/00—Safety means for electric spark ignition, not otherwise provided for
- F02P11/04—Preventing unauthorised use of engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
- F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Linear Motors (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
Description
Fullmektig: Mag. scient. Knud-Henry Lund.
Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av polyamider.
i1
Ifølge norsk patent nr. IO9.850 kan man ved fremstilling av polyamider oppnå teknisk interesante modifiseringer ved at man istedenfor de vanlige alifatiske diaminer som diaminkomponenter an-vender forbindelser med formel
hvori R betyr like eller forskjellige alkylgrupper, spesielt metyl-
grupper. Det er også mulig å anvende blandinger av dette cykliske dxamin med rettlinjede alifatiske diaminer med den generelle, formel HgN-(CH2)X-NH2 (x = 2 til 10) under de samme reaksjonsbetingelser
De således fremstilte produkter utmerker seg ved en rekke bemérkelses-verdige egenskaper, fremfor alt med hensyn til en nedsatt smelte-viskbsitet med høy overflatehårdhet.
Oppfinnelsen vedrører altså en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av polyamider av diaminer med formel
hvor R betyr like. eller forskjellige alkylgrupper, spesielt metyl-grupper, eventuelt under tilsetning av et diamin med formel H2N-(CH2)X-NH2 (x = 2 til 10), og dikarboksylsyrer eller deres funk-sjonelle derivater eller salter, karakterisert ved at det dessuten anvendes forgrenede alifatiske diaminer, uforgrenede aromatiske diaminer eller med ringdiaminet ikke identiske uforgrenede alicykliske diaminer. De aromatiske alicykliske diaminer kan også være uforgrenet. Por disse sistnevnte diaminer kommer det vanligvis i betraktning et område for C-tall på 6-30.
Omtrent alle etter denne fremgangsmåte fremstilte polyamider utmerker seg ved god transparens. Alle har fremragende glans.
Ved innbygning av alkylforgreningen i polyamidmolekylet økes produktenes elastisitet. Dessuten består ofte den mulighet å anvende dem fir spesialformål, f.eks. for fremstilling av bestemte påstryknings- eller impregneringsmidler, eller også støpefolier fordi ved forgreningen muliggjøres ofte en oppløselighet i organiske oppr løsningsmidler, fremfor alt når molekylvekten ligger under en viss grense (ca. 8-9000). Noen slike polyamider er oppløselige i alkohol, sågar i alkohol-vann, hvorved det sikres en vesentlig utvidelse av disse produkters tekniske betydning.
Hvis man medinnbygger aromatiske diaminer, f.eks. fenylen-diaminer og/eller benzidin, nedsettes vanligvis riktignok sprøheten, men varmefastheten økes\ Alicykliske diaminer som f.eks. 1,3-bis-(3-aminopropoksy)-cykloheksan hvis fremstilling angis nedenfor, ned- , setter betraktelig polyamidenes vannopptaksevne. Derved muliggjøres anvendelsen av slike blandingspolyamider i elektroindustrien.
For fremstilling av l,3-bis-(3-aminopropoksy)-cykloheksan går man ut fra resorcin som hydreres i metanolisk oppløsning på nikkelkatalysator ved 100 til 105°C og 150 atm. trykk til cykloheksan-diol-(l,3). Dette omsettes i nærvær av metallisk natrium med akryl-syrenitril ved 70 til 85°C til 1,3-di-^ -cyano-etoksy-cykloheksan som etter filtrering vaskes med litt 50%- ig fosforsyre og deretter flere ganger med vann og destilleres etter tørking i vakuum. Dette mellom-produkt hydreres i nærvær av Raney-kobolt, dioksan og flytende ammoniakk i autoklav ved 130 atm. trykk og ca. 110°C. Etter filtrering fraksjoneres i vakuum ved 1 mm Hg, l,3-bis-(3-aminopropoksy)-cyklo--heksan går over ved 160 til 163°C.
Polyamidene som fåes ifølge fremgangsmåten er vannklarer og lyse. Stor betydning som diaminkomponenter av den ovennevnte type-' har til fremstilling av oppløselige produkter metylsubstituerte heksametylendiaminer, f.eks. mono-, di- eller trimetylert heksa-metylendiamin. Sistnevnte diamin lar seg eksempelvis lett, idet det gåes ut fra trimetyladipinsyre og ammoniakk, fremstille ved denne syres overføring i det tilsvarende dinitril og dinitrilets hydrering.
Overfor de rene polyamider adskiller de her nevnte blandingspolyamider seg for det meste ved deres store plastiske område, som ofte Også muliggjør deres forarbeidelse på valse eller i knaverk.
Blandingskondensatenes store betydning består i at man kan ibrandre sluttproduktenes egenskaper i en ønsket retning.
Tilsetningen av de nevnte diaminer kan svinge innen vide grenser. Vanligvis kommer det i betraktning område på ca. 2 til 80 vektprosent beregnet på ringdiamin. Det foretrekkes område fra 5 til 60$.
Som kondensasjonskomponenter kommer det ikke bare i betraktning adipinsyre, men rent generelt dikarboksylsyrer. Derved er det mulig å anvende alifatiske dikarboksylsyrer, eksempelvis mono-, di- eller trialkylerte adipinsyrer, videre malonsyre, korksyre, rav-syre, pimelinsyre, azelainsyre, sebacinsyre, fumarsyre eller lignende, eksempler for syrer av aromatisk eller hydroaromatisk struktur er ftalsyre, isoftalsyre, tereftalsyre og deres hydreringsprodukter, fenylendipropionsyre, fenylendieddiksyre osv. Også ketokarboksylsyrer og.de tilsvarende tioforbindelser kan anvendes. Tilsetningen av mindre mengder polyfunksjonelle forbindelser, som f.eks. metylendiadipinsyre, kan virke gunstig på nedsettelsen av vannfølsomheten. Det er også mulig å anvende de ovennevnte syrer i blanding med hverandre.
De således fremstilte nye polykondensater utmerker seg ved en rekke gode egenskaper, fremfor alt ved deres vannklare gjennom-siktige utseende og deres gode verdier i overflatehårdhet.
Visse variasjoner er dessuten mulig ved valg av de enkelte komponenter. Således kan man eksempelvis ved valg av de tilsvarende dikarboksylsyrer variere mykningspunkt i forholdsvis vidt område mellom ca. 100 og 300°C, idet f.eks. de aromatiske syrer generelt tenderer i retning mot forhøyet mykningsområde.
Kondensasjonens gjennomføring foregår under de vanlige betingelser, dvs. man kan enten anvende utgangsstoffene i ren form
eller i form av diaminenes salter med dikarboksylsyrer som hver er
-.'lett å fremstille på kjent måte.
Det er imidlertid også mulig istedenfor de fri dikarboksylsyrer å anvende karboksylsyrederivater, som f.eks. estere, halogenider, amider osv., hvorav det under kondensasjonsbetingelse.ne under avspalt-ning av kjemiske stoffer, som f.eks. halogenhydrogensyrer,'dannes alkoholer, ammoniakk og deres derivater, resp. polyamider. Man kan arbeide i oppløsningsmidler (f.eks. vann, aromater, alifater, iso-cykler, heterocykler, alkoholer, fenoler, kresoler, xylenoler, halogenhydrokarboner osv.) og også uten fortynningsmidler.
Por regulering av kjedelengden kan det ved polykondensa-sjoner anvendes mindre mengder (0,2 - 1%) endegruppestabilisatorer som eddiksyre, adipinsyre, monoaminer og lignende. Polykondensasjons-graden innvirkes av disse stabilisatorers type og mengde, hvis de tilsettes.
Por å oppnå jevne og fargeløse sluttprodukter er det hensiktsmessig mest mulig å utelukke luftoksygen. Hensiktsmessig arbeider man i en atmosfære av reneste nitrogen.
Kondensasjonstemperåturen ligger i området mellom 150
og 300°C. Herunder gjennomføres kondensasjonen fortrinnsvis således at man først langsomt oppvarmer blandingen etter smeltningen (even" tuelt under tilsetning av fortynningsmidler som vann, alkoholer osv.) og etter dette forkondensasjonstrinn anlegger et vakuum inntil ca. 10- torr, idet temperaturen tilsvarende smelteviskositetens økning etterhvert økes videre. Ved variasjon av reaksjonsbetingelsene kan man få videre innvirkning på sluttproduktenes egenskaper. Således fører lengre reaksjonstider og/eller høyere vakuum og/eller mindre i
mengder av endegruppestabilisatorer til produkter med forhøyet "I red-verdier..
Eksempler.
De nå følgende eksempler tjener til nærmere forklaring
av foreliggende oppfinnelse:
Som grad for polyamidenes molekylvekt angis den reduserte spesifikke viskositet red) som ble funnet som 1%- ig oppløsning i ren maursyre ved 20°C.
Kuletrykkhårdheten bestemmes ifølge DIN 57.302 (kule-diameter 5 mm, prøvelast 50 kg). Det angis den første verdi som inn-stiller seg ("0 sek.") som kuletrykkhårdheter i eksemplene.
Por bestemmelse av mykningsintervallene bringes en ca. knappenålhodestor prøve av det materiale som skal undersøkes mellom to dekkglass i et varmebordmikroskop med hundregangers forstørrelse. Prøven oppvarmes nå til ca. 20°C under den antatte mykningsbegynnelse, og nå foretas under stadig iakttagelse gjennom okularet på varmebordet en temperaturøkning på ca. 1 - 2°C/min. Som mykningsintervallets begynnelse gjelder den første synlige begynnelsessmeltning og som øyre grense den temperatur hvor prøven blir helt flytende.
De i tabellen oppførte blandinger av salter, resp. av dikarboksylsyrer og diaminer ble oppvarmet i en liten glasskolbe under reneste nitrogen i 3 timer ved 220-270°C under tilbakeløp. Poly-kondensasjonen fører man deretter til avslutning ved ca. 250-270°C under anlegg av et vakuum på l1) mm Hg i løpet av 8 timer.
Forkortelsene i tabellen har følgende betydning.
Claims (2)
1. Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av polyamider av diaminer . med formel
hvor R betyr like eller forskjellige alkylgrupper, spesielt metyl-grupper, eventuelt under tilsetning av et diamin med formel H2N-(CH2)x-NH2 (x = 2 til 10), og dikarboksylsyrer eller deres funk-sjonelle derivater eller salter, karakterisert ved at det dessuten anvendes forgrenede alifatiske diaminer, uforgrenede aromatiske diaminer eller med ringdiaminet ikke identiske uforgrenede alicykliske diaminer.
2. Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at det anvendes metylsubstituerte heksametylendiaminer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO870252A NO159149C (no) | 1981-01-22 | 1987-01-21 | Baerbart, gassdrevet verktoey med lineaermotor. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US22719381A | 1981-01-22 | 1981-01-22 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO820182L NO820182L (no) | 1982-07-23 |
| NO156519B true NO156519B (no) | 1987-06-29 |
| NO156519C NO156519C (no) | 1987-10-07 |
Family
ID=22852141
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO820182A NO156519C (no) | 1981-01-22 | 1982-01-21 | Selvstartende, baerbart verktoey. |
| NO870252A NO159149C (no) | 1981-01-22 | 1987-01-21 | Baerbart, gassdrevet verktoey med lineaermotor. |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO870252A NO159149C (no) | 1981-01-22 | 1987-01-21 | Baerbart, gassdrevet verktoey med lineaermotor. |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US4522162A (no) |
| EP (2) | EP0316468B1 (no) |
| JP (1) | JPS57178677A (no) |
| KR (1) | KR890000721B1 (no) |
| AT (2) | ATE38171T1 (no) |
| AU (1) | AU549145B2 (no) |
| BR (1) | BR8200348A (no) |
| CA (2) | CA1187418A (no) |
| DE (2) | DE3280396D1 (no) |
| DK (1) | DK157434C (no) |
| ES (1) | ES8302196A1 (no) |
| FI (1) | FI76949C (no) |
| IN (1) | IN157475B (no) |
| MX (1) | MX151622A (no) |
| NO (2) | NO156519C (no) |
| NZ (1) | NZ199535A (no) |
| ZA (1) | ZA82448B (no) |
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- 1982-01-20 NZ NZ199535A patent/NZ199535A/en unknown
- 1982-01-21 FI FI820189A patent/FI76949C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-01-21 EP EP87116943A patent/EP0316468B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1982-01-21 CA CA000394641A patent/CA1187418A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-01-21 EP EP82100442A patent/EP0056989B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-01-21 DE DE8787116943T patent/DE3280396D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1982-01-21 NO NO820182A patent/NO156519C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-01-21 AT AT82100442T patent/ATE38171T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-01-21 KR KR8200252A patent/KR890000721B1/ko active
- 1982-01-21 JP JP57008245A patent/JPS57178677A/ja active Granted
- 1982-01-21 DE DE8282100442T patent/DE3279149D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-01-21 DK DK026582A patent/DK157434C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-01-21 AT AT87116943T patent/ATE73374T1/de active
- 1982-01-22 BR BR8200348A patent/BR8200348A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-01-22 ES ES508987A patent/ES8302196A1/es not_active Expired
- 1982-01-22 ZA ZA82448A patent/ZA82448B/xx unknown
- 1982-01-22 MX MX191109A patent/MX151622A/es unknown
- 1982-01-22 AU AU79748/82A patent/AU549145B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1983
- 1983-11-14 US US06/551,559 patent/US4522162A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-11-14 US US06/550,521 patent/US4483280A/en not_active Ceased
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1986
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1989
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| MK1K | Patent expired |
Free format text: EXPIRED IN JANUARY 2002 |