NO146643B - Lagringsstabil smoereolje - Google Patents
Lagringsstabil smoereolje Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO146643B NO146643B NO782506A NO782506A NO146643B NO 146643 B NO146643 B NO 146643B NO 782506 A NO782506 A NO 782506A NO 782506 A NO782506 A NO 782506A NO 146643 B NO146643 B NO 146643B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- carbon atoms
- weight
- acid
- lubricating oil
- groups
- Prior art date
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 title description 4
- -1 amine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 67
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 22
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003752 zinc compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=S NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- GJYCVCVHRSWLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ortho-butylphenol Natural products CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O GJYCVCVHRSWLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NWWCWUDRWYAUEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)butan-2-amine Chemical compound CCC(N)CN1CCNCC1C NWWCWUDRWYAUEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
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- C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2207/027—Neutral salts thereof
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- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
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- C10M2207/288—Partial esters containing free carboxyl groups
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- C10M2207/32—Esters of carbonic acid
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- C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
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- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C10M2215/044—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having cycloaliphatic groups
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Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en lagringsstabil smøreolje som inneholder en additivsammensetning som gir smøreoljen spesielt forbedrede anti-friksjons- og antislitasjeegenskaper.
Det er i industrien en rekke forskjellige tilfeller hvor to gnidende overflater må smores eller på annen måte beskyttes slik at man hindrer slitasje og sikrer kontinuer-
lig bevegelse. Videre er det velkjent fra mekanikken at en friksjon mellom to overflater oker den kraft som er nodvendig for å frembringe en bevegelse mellom de to overflater, og i de tilfeller hvor bevegelsen er en del av et energiomdannel-sessystem, så er det selvsagt mest bnskelig å utfore smbring-en på en slik måte at man får nedsatt denne friksjonen til et minimum. Det tor videre være velkjent at både slitasje og friksjon kan reduseres med varierende grad av effektivi-
tet ved å tilsette egnede additiver eller kombinasjoner av slike additiver til naturlige eller syntetiske smoremidler.
På lignende måte kan kontinuerlig bevegelse igjen sikres med variabel grad av suksess, ved å tilsette ett eller flere pas-sende additiver.
Skjont det er kjent en rekke additiver som kan klassifiseres som smoremidler mot slitasje og friksjon og eventuelt under ekstremt trykk, og noen av disse midler kan tilfredsstille én eller flere funksjoner såvel som man kan få tilveiebragt andre brukbare egenskaper, så er det også
kjent at mange av additivene virker på forskjellige fysiske eller kjemiske måter og ofte konkurrerer med hverandre, dvs.
de kan konkurrere om den overflate av bevegelig metall som skal underkastes smøring. Det er følgelig en rekke hensyn som må tas når man velger additiver for å sikre forenlighet og god effektivitet.
Metall-dihydrokarbyl-ditiofosfåtene er én gruppe additiver som er kjente for sine antioksyderende og antislitasjeegenskaper. De mest vanlig brukte additiver av denne type er zink-dialkyl-ditiofosfater som hensiktsmessig og ofte brukes i smøremiddelsammensetninger. Skjønt slike zinkfor-bindelser gir utmerket oksydasjonsresistens og gir overlegne egenskaper mot slitasje, så har man hittil antatt at samme forbindelser oker og i vesentlig grad begrenser evnen til å senke friksjonen mellom bevegelige overflater. Som et resultat av dette har man antatt at sammensetninger inneholdende zink-dialkyl-ditiofosfater ikke gav den beste smorbarhet, og man antok videre at bruken av sammensetninger inneholdende slike additiver ville fore til betydelige energitap selv når antifriksjonsmidler var tilsatt sammensetningen.
Kjente måter å lose problemet med hensyn til energitap som skyldes hoy friksjon, f.eks. i motoroljer, innbefatter at man bruker oljer inneholdende syntetiske estere som er meget kostbare, og ved å bruke uoppløselige molybdensulfider som imidlertid har den ulempe at oljesammensetningen blir svart og ellers får et uklart utseende.
Additivblandinger av oljeopplbselige dimersyrer og polyoler er beskrevet i U.S!. patent 3.180.832 og estere fremstilt ved en reaksjon mellom slike komponenter er beskrevet i U.S. patent 3.429.817 og disse har gode antislitasjeegenskaper slik det er beskrevet i nevnte patenter. Den blanding som er angitt i førstnevnte patent har også vist seg å ha friksjonsreduserende egenskaper. Bruken av slike additiver synes imidlertid ikke å være et praktisk alternativ i vanlige oljer som inneholder zinkdialkylditiofosfater for smbring under grensebetingelser (f.eks. i veivkasseoljer) hvor det å hindre slitasje på grunn av tung belastning er et meget alvorlig problem, og hvor man bruker zink-dialkyl-ditiofos-fater på grunn av cfets antislitasjeegenskaper såvel som dets egenskaper under ekstreme trykk. Dette ble antatt på grunn-lag av at de blandinger som er beskrevet i U.S. patent 3.180.832 ikke kunne brukes i veivkassemotoroljer ettersom syrekomponent-en er korroderende og påvirker den vanlige zinkforbindelsen som brukes for å få minimal slitasje i ventilene, og hvis man brukte billigere, kortkjedede glykoler for å gjore blandingen mer kommersielt tiltrekkende, så ville disse kortkjedede glykoler lett koke av under vanlig bruksbetingelser. Videre vil de esterforbindelser slik de er beskrevet i U.S. patent 3.429.817 ha en tendens til å reagere med zinkdialkylditiofosfatet og kan gjore at slike additiver eventuelt felles ut eller faller ut av den smbrende sammensetning, dvs. man får en ustabil sammensetning.
Sett på bakgrunn av det ovenstående er det innlysende at det er et behov for en forbedret smbrende sammensetning som vil gjore det nulig å operere bevegelige deler under grensebetingelser med redusert friksjon. På lignende måte er det bnskelig at en slik sammensetning kan innbefatte vanlige kjente oljer og vanlige andre additiver og at de kan brukes uten at man taper andre bnskelige smbrende egenskaper, spesielt de som tilveiebringes av zinkdialkylditiofosfater.
Man har nå overraskende funnet at de ulemper man kjente ved tidligere kjente smbrende sammensetninger og additiver kan unngås med lagringsstabile smbrende sammensetninger ifblge foreliggende oppfinnelse som inneholder en addi-tivkombinasjon bestående av et zinkdihydrokarbyl-ditiofosfat, en ester av en polykarboksylsyre og en glykol og et askelbst dispergeringsmiddel inneholdende en hbymolekylær alifatisk hydrokarbonolje-opplbseliggjbrende gruppe.
Det er fblgelig en hensikt ved foreliggende oppfinnelse å tilveiebringe en kombinasjon av smbrende additiver som innbefatter minst ett zinkdihydrokarbyl-ditiofosfat som vil re-dusere friksjonen når nevnte additiv brukes i en smbreoljesam-mensetning under grensesmbrende betingelser.
Det cr o^r,;" ^n~,l-olig at nevnte zinkdihydrokarbylditiofosfat skal kunne brukes sammen med andre kjente additiver og vanlige kjente oljer for derved å tilveiebringe en smørende sammensetning som vil vise gode egenskaper mot slitasje, friksjon, ekstremt trykk, oksydasjon og korrosjon foruten at sammensetningen har god lagringsstabilitet. Disse og andre fordeler vil fremgå fra det nedenstående.
De forannevnte fordeler oppnås ved hjelp av en smør-ende sammensetning inneholdende en kombinasjon av additiver bestående av (1) et zinkdihydrokarbyl-ditiofosfat, (2) en ester av en polykarboksylsyre og en glykol, og (3) et aske-løst dispergeringsmiddel inneholdende en høymolekylær alifatisk hydrokarbonolje-oppløseliggjørende gruppe og hvor enten én av nevnte zink- eller esterkomponenter eller begge separat på forhånd er dispergert i det askeløse dispergeringsmiddel før den smørende sammensetning tilsettes den gjen-værende komponent. Ved å holde zink- og esterkomponentene separat inntil én av dem allerede er dispergert, har man funnet at den resulterende sammensetningen unngår problemet med uforenlighet og er lagringsstabilt. Det har vist seg at en smørende sammensetning av denne type har utmerkede anti-friksjon- og antislitasjeegenskaper, spesielt under ekstreme trykk og under tunge belastninger.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er det således tilveiebragt en lagringsstabil smøreolje som er kjennetegnet ved at den omfatter en større del smøreolje, 0,01-5,0 vektdeler zinkdihydrokarbylditiofosfat, hvor hydrokarbylgruppene inneholder 1-18 karbonatomer og er valgt fra alkyl-, alkenyl-, aryl-, aralkyl-, alkaryl- og cykloalifatiske radikaler; 0,01-1,0 vektdeler av en ester av en polykarboksylsyre og en glykol, hvor syren har 2 eller 3 karboksylsyregrupper og 9-42 karbonatomer mellom karboksylsyregruppene og nevnte glykol er valgt fra alkandioler med 2-12 karbonatomer eller en oksa-alkandiol med 4-200 karbonatomer; og 0,01-30 vektdeler av et askeløst dispergeringsmiddel som er en nitrogenholdig alkenylravsyre eller -anhydrid dannet fra en aminforbindelse som har en av formlene:
hvor x er et helt tall fra 1 til 10, R er hydrogen eller en hydrokarbongruppe med 1-7 karbonatomer og alkylengruppen er et rett eller forgrenet alkyienradikal med opptil 7 karbonatomer ; hvor m har en verdi fra 3 til 70; hvor n har en verdi fra 1 til 40 under den forutsetning at summen av alle n-verdiene varierer fra 3 til 70 og R er et flerverdig mettet hydrokarbonradikal med opptil 10 karbonatomer med en valens på 3-6; og
hvor R er et enverdig organisk radikal med opptil 20 karbonatomer og 0-6 alkoholiske hydroksylgrupper;
eller ester av alkenylravsyre eller anhydrid avledet fra en-verdige og flerverdige alkoholer, fenoler og naftoler, hvor nevnte alkenylgruppe har en molekylvekt på minst 900; idet alle vektangivelser er basert på 100 vektdeler av nevnte smøreolje.
De zinkdihydrokarbylditiofosfater som kan brukes i foreliggende oppfinnelse er salter av dihydrokarbylestere av ditiofosforsyrer, og kan angis ved den følgende formel:
hvor R og R' kan være de samme eller forskjellige hydrokar-bylradikaler med 1-18, fortrinnsvis 2-12 karbonatomer, og som nevnt er valgt blant radikaler slik som alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl og cykloalifatiske radikaler. Spesielt foretrukne som R- og R'-grupper er alkylgrupper med 2-8 karbonatomer. Således kan radikalene f.eks. være etyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sek.-butyl, tert.-butyl-amyl, n-heksyl, i-heksyl, n-heptyl, n-oktyl, decyl, dodecyl,
oktadecyl, 2-etylheksyl, fenyl, butylfenyl, cykloheksyl, metylcyklopentyl, propenyl, butenyl etc. For å oppnå oljeopp-løselighet bør det totale antall av karbonatomer i ditio-fosforsyren i middel være ca. 5 eller flere.
De zinkdihydrokarbyl-ditiofosfater som kan brukes i foreliggende smøreolje kan fremstilles på kjent måte ved først å forestre en ditiofosforsyre, noe som vanligvis skjer ved å omsette en alkohol eller fenol med P2S5 0<3 deretter nøytralisere ditiofosforsyreesteren med en egnet zinkforbindelse såsom zinkoksyd. Vanligvis vil man bruke en alkohol eller en blanding av alkoholer med 1-18 karbonatomer for å frembringe forestringen. Hydrokarbondelen av alkoholen kan f.eks. være en rett eller grenet alkyl- eller alkenylgruppe, eller en cykloalifatisk eller aromatisk gruppe. Blant de alkoholer som vanligvis er foretrukket å bruke som utgangsmateriale for fremstillingen av nevnte ester, kan nevnes etyl, isopropyl, amyl, 2-etylheksyl, lauryl, stearyl og metyl-cykloheksyl-alkoholer såvel som kommersielle blandinger av alkoholer, såsom blandingen av alkoholer som er avledet fra kokosnøtt-olje og kjent som "Lorol B"-alkohol, og hvor blandingen inneholder i alt vesentlig alkoholer i området fra C. A til C, 0.
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På lignende måte kan man bruke andre naturprodukter inneholdende alkoholer, f.eks. alkoholer avledet av ullfett, naturlige vokser o.1. Videre kan man bruke alkoholer fremstilt ved oksydasjonen av petroleumshydrokarbonprodukter såvel som oksoalkoholene fremstilt fra olefiner, karbonmon-oksyd og hydrogen. På lignende måte kan man bruke aromatiske forbindelser såsom alkylerte fenoler av typen n-butylfenol, tertiær amylfenol, diamylfenol, tertiær oktylfenol., cetyl-fenol, petroleumsfenol og lignende såvel som de tilsvarende naftoler.
Etter forestringen blir diesteren så nøytralisert med en egnet basisk zinkforbindelse eller en blanding av slike forbindelser. Generelt kan man bruke mange typer forbindelser, men det er foretrukket å bruke oksydene, hydroksydene og karbonatene.
Den benyttede oljeoppløselige friksjonsreduserende esterkomponenten er fremstilt ved forestring av nevnte polykarboksylsyre med nevnte glykol, og vil vanligvis være en partiell ester og fortrinnsvis en diester med følgende generelle formler:
hvor R er hydrokarbonradikalet av de nevnte syrer og R' er enten hydrokarbonradikalet av en alkandiol eller oksyalkylen-radikalet fra en oksa-alkandiol slik denne vil bli definert i det etterfølgende. Den oljeuoppløselige glykol som omsettes med polykarboksylsyren er en alkandiol eller en oksa-alkandiol, enten rett eller forgrenet. Alkandiolen har 2-12 karbonatomer, fortrinnsvis 2-5 karbonatomer i molekylet. Oksa-alkandiolen kan ha 4-200 karbonatomer med periodisk repeterende grupper med følgende formel:
hvor R er H eller CH^, og x er 2-100, fortrinnsvis 2-25.
Den foretrukne alkandiol er etylenglykol og den foretrukne oksa-alkandiol er dietylenglykol.
Den polykarboksylsyre som brukes ved fremstillingen av esterkomponenten kan være en alifatisk, mettet eller umettet syre og vil vanligvis ha 24-90, fortrinnsvis 24-60 karbonatomer, og 2-3, fortrinnsvis 2 karboksylsyrer med minst 9 karbonatomer, fortrinnsvis 12-42, og mer foretrukket 16-22 karbonatomer mellom karboksylsyregruppene.
De molare mengder av polykarboksylsyren og glykol-reaktanten kan justeres slik at man sikrer enten en fullsten-dig ester eller en partiell ester, og vil vanligvis være 1-3 eller flere mol glykol pr. mol av syren og fortrinnsvis
1-2 mol glykol pr. mol syre.
Det er selvsagt innlysende at estere av den type som er angitt med de forannevnte formler kan fremstilles ved å forestre en dikarboksylsyre eller en blanding av slike syrer med en diol eller en blanding av slike dioler. R vil da være hydrokarbonradikalet av dikarboksylsyren eller -syrene og R' og R" vil være hydrokarbonradikalet eller oksyalkylen-radikalene forbundet med diolen eller diolene.
Skjønt man kan bruke enhver av de estrene som er angitt ovenfor, så oppnår man de beste resultater med additiver fremstilt ved å forestre en dimer av en fettsyre inneholdende en konjugert umettethet. Slike forbindelser er beskrevet i US patent 3 429 817, og hydrokarbondelen av dimeren eller dikarboksylsyren kan inneholde en seks-atomring. Dannelsen av dimeren fra linolsyre, oljesyre og blandinger av slike syrer er illustrert ved det følgende reaksjonsskjerna: Det tør være innlysende at mens de reaksjoner som er gitt ovenfor vil gi de angitte dimerer, så vil kommersiell gjennom-føring av reaksjonene vanligvis føre til en trimerdannelse og i visse tilfeller vil således det oppnådde,produkt inneholde mindre mengder av uomsatt monomer eller monomerer. Som et resultat av dette vil kommersielt tilgjengelige dimersyrer kunne inneholde opptil 25% trimer, og bruken av slike blandinger faller innenfor den foreliggende oppfinnelse.
De nitrogenholdige dispergerende additiver som brukes i foreliggende oppfinnelse er de som vanligvis betegnes som slamdispergeringsmidler for veivkassemotoroljer. Alkenyl-radikalene i det benyttede dispergeringsmiddel har som nevnt en molekylvekt på minst 900, og molekylvekten er fortrinnsvis minst 1"<?>00 og mer foretrukket minst 1300.
Alkylenpolyaminer med formel (i) ovenfor innbefatter f.eks. metylenaminer, etylenaminer, butylenaminer, pro-pylenaminer, pentylenaminer, heksylenaminer, heptylenaminer, oktylenaminer, og andre polymetylenaminer og cykliske og hoyere monologer av disse aminer såsom piperaziner, og amino-alkyl-substituerte piperaziner. Disse aminer innbefatter f.eks. etylendiaminer, trietylenteramin, propylendiamin, di-(heptametylen)-triamin, tripropylentetramin, tetraetylenpentamin, trimetylendiamin, pentaetylenheksamin, di(trimetylen)-triamin, 2-heptyl-3-(2-aminopropyl)-imidazolin, 4-metylimida-zolin, 1,3-bis-(2-aminoetyl)-imidazolin, pyrimidin, l-(2-aminopropyl)-piperazin, l,4-bis-(2-aminoetyl)-piperazin, N,N-dimetylaminopropylamin, N,N-dioktyletylamin, N-oktyl-N'-
metyletylendiamin og 2-mjetyl-1 - (2-aminobutyl)-piperazin .
Andre hoyere homologer..som kan brukes kan fremstilles ved å kondensere to eller fleije av de ovennevnte alkylenaminer på kjent måte.
Etylenaminer som er spesielt brukbare er f.eks. beskrevet i Encyclopedia' of Chemical Technology under avsnit-tet "Thylene Amines" (Kijrk and Othmer), bind 5, side 898-905, Interscience Publishers,! New York (1950). Disse forbindelser fremstilles ved en reaksljon mellom et alkylenklorid og ammoniakk. Dette resulterer! i fremstilling av en kompleks blanding alkylenaminer heri inngår cykliske kondensasjonsproduk-ter såsom piperaziner. Skjont blandingen av disse aminer kan brukes for det foreliggende formål, så er det innlysende at de de rene alkylenaminerj kan brukes med bedre resultat. Et spesielt brukbart alkylenamin innbefatter en blanding av etylenaminer fremstilt ved å reagere etylenklorid og ammoniakk, og som kan karakteriseres ved å ha en sammensetning som tilsvarer den man finnerj i tetraetylenpentamin. I tillegg til dette kan man bruke alkylenaminer med én eller flere hyd-roksylalkylsubstituenterj på nitrogenatomene. Disse hydroksy-alkyl-substituerte alkylénaminene er fortrinnsvis forbindelser hvor alkylgruppen ér en lavere alkylgruppe, dvs. har mindre enn 6 karbonatomer, og innbefatter f.eks. N-(2-hydrok-syetyl)-etylendiamin, N,N'-bis(2-hydroksyetyl)-etylendiamin, l-(2-hydroksyetyl)-piperazin, mono-hydroksypropyl-substituert dietylentriamin, 1,4-bis(2-hydroksypropyl)-piperazin, di-hydroksy~propyl-substituert | tetraetylenpentamin, N-(3-hydroksypropyl)-tetrametylendiamin, 2-heptadecyl-l-(2-hydroksyetyl)-imidazol, etc.
Polyoksya]ky]enpolyaminer med formel (ii) og (iii) ovenfor som kan brukes i foreliggende oppfinnelse, f.eks. polyoksyalkylendiaminer og polyoksyalkyleritriaminer, kan ha molekylvekter på 200-400,!fortrinnsvis 400-2000. De foretrukne poiyoksyalkylenpolyaminer!for det foreliggende formål innbefatter polyoksyetylen- og^polyoksypropylendiaminer og poly-oksypropylentriaminer med(midlere molekylvekter på 200-2000. Slike poiyoksyalkylenpolyaminer er kommersielt tilgjengelige og kan f.eks. fås fra Jefferson Chemical Company, Inc. under varemerket "Jeffamines D-230, D-400, D-1000, D-2000, T-403", etc.
Primære aminer og hydroksysubstituerte primære aminer slik de er definert med formel £lv) innbefatter alifatiske aminer, aromatiske aminer, heterocykliske eller karboksyliske aminer såvel som de tilsvarende hydroksysubstituerte forbindelser. Spesifikke aminer av denne type innbefatter metylamin, cykloheksylamin, anilin, dodecylamin, 2-amino-l-butanol, 2-amino-2-metyl-l-propanol, p-(P-hydroksy-etyl)-anilin, 2-amino-1- propanol, 3-amino-l-propanol, 2-amino-2-etyl-l, 3-propandiol, N- (|3-hydroksy-propyl)-N' - ((3-amino=tyl)-piperazin, tris (hydrok-symetyl)-aminometan (også kjent som tris-metylolaminometan), 2- amino-l-butanol, etanolamin, (3-( p-hydroksyetoksy )-etylamin, glukamin, glukosamin, 4-amino-3-hydroksy-2-metyl-l-buten (som kan fremstilles ifolge kjente fremgangsmåter ved å reagere isoprenoksyd med ammoniakk), N-(3-amino-propyl)-4-(2-hydrok-syetyl )-piperidin, 2-amino-6-metyl-6-heptanol, 5-amino-l-pentanol, N-( |3-hydroksyetyl)-l, 3-diaminopropan, 1,3-diamino-2-hydroksy-propan, N-(|3-hydroksyetyl)-etylendiamin og lignende. Videre kan man bruke blandinger av disse og lignende aminer.
Spesielt foretrukne amineravledede dispergeringsmidler av de ovenfor beskrevne typer er de som er avledet fra 0,3:1 til 20:1, fortrinnsvis fra 1:1 til 10:1, mer foretrukket fra 2:1 til 10:1 mol av alkenylravsyre/anhydrid til amin. Det er også spesielt foretrukket at nitrogeninnholdet i det fremstilte amin-avledede dispergeringsmiddel bør være mindre enn ca. 2 vekt-%, fortrinnsvis mindre enn 1,5 vekt-%. De foretrukne dispergeringsmidler er de som er avledet av polyiso-butyl-ravsyreanhydrid og polyetylenaminer, f.eks. tetraetylenpentamin, polyoksyetylen- og polyoksypropylenaminer, f.eks. polyoksypropylendiamin, trismetylolaminometan og pentaerytritol og kombinasjoner av disse. Et spesielt foretrukket dispergeringsmiddel innbefatter en kombinasjon av (a) polyisobutenyl-ravsyreanhydrid med (b) en hydroksyfor-bindelse, f.eks. pentaerytritol, (c) et polyoksyalkylenpoly-amin, f.eks. polyoksypropylendiamin og (d) et polyalkylen-polyamin, f.eks. polyetlylendiamin og tetraetylenpentamin hvor man bruker fra 0,0;1 til 4 ekvivalenter av (b) og (d)
og fra 0,01 til 2 ekvivalenter av (c) pr. ekvivalent av (a) slik det er beskrevet i' US patent 3 804 763. En annen foretrukket dispergeringsmikdel-kombinasjon innbefatter kombina-sjonen (a) polyisobutenyl-ravsyreanhydrid med (b) et poly-alkylenpolyamin, f.eks. tetraetylenpentamin og (c) en poly-alkohol eller et polyhydroksy-substituert alifatisk primært amin, f.eks. pentaerytritol eller trismetylolaminometan slik det er beskrevet i US patent 3 632 511.
For ytterligere å forbedre dispergeringsevnen kan dispergeringsmidlene av |alkenyl-ravsyrepolyamin-typen ytterligere modifiseres med e!n borforbindelse som boroksyd, bor-
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halogenider, borsyrer og| estere av borsyrer i mengder som tilveiebringer 0,1-10 atomiske deler bor pr. mol acylert nitrogenforbindelse slik]det er beskrevet i US patentene 3 087 936 og 3 254 025. j
Den ovenfor beskrevne additivpakke kan brukes i vanlige kjente oljer sammen med andre vanlige kjente addi-
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tiver. Det er imidlertidjet viktig trekk ved foreliggende oppfinnelse at for å få en lagringsstabil sammensetning som vil beholde sin eksepsjonelle gode antifriksjons- og anti-slitas jeegenskaper, så må zinkdihydrokarbylditiofosfatet og polykarboksylsyre/glykolesterkomponentene holdes fra hverandre inntil minst én av Jkomponentene er predispergert. Med predispergering forstås a't esterkomponenten eller zinkkomponenten separat blandes med det askeløse dispergeringsmiddelet som kan være i en oljeoppløsning, inntil oppløs-
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ningen er klar og homogen|. Denne blandingen kan akselereres ved å oppvarme oppløsningen til en temperatur på opptil 75°C. Hvis denne fremgangsmåte ikke følges, så vil man i løpet av et visst tidsrom ha en tendens til at zinkkomponenten vil reagere eller kompleksdanne seg med esteren slik at man får en utfeining, hvorved sammensetningen blir ustabil og mister sine gunstige egenskaper. |For å unngå dette problemet kan
enten zinkdihydrokarbyl-ditiofosfatet eller dikarboksylsyre/ glykolesteren separat dispergeres før man tilsetter den andre komponenten til den smørende sammensetningen, eller hvis det er ønskelig, begge komponenter kan sepapredispergeres. Det skal bemerkes at de andre additivene kan tilsettes på normal eller vanlig måte, idet det eneste krav er at zink- og esterkomponentene ikke må kombineres i sammensetningen eller en del inntil minst én av dem er predispergert.
Vanligvis vil zinkdihydrokarbyl-ditiofosfatet brukes
i den smørende sammensetningen i en konsentrasjon på 0,01-
5 vektdeler pr. 100 vektdeler smørende olje og fortrinnsvis 0,5-1,5. Polykarboksylsyren/glykolesteren vil brukes i konsentrasjoner på 0,01-1,0, fortrinnsvis 0,05-0,3, mer foretrukket 0,0 5-2 vektdeler pr. deler sjnørende olje, og det askeløse dispergeringsmiddelet av alkenylravsyre/anhydrid kan brukes i en konsentrasjon på 0,1-30, fortrinnsvis 0,5-
10 vektdeler pr. 100 deler smøreolje.
De flytende hydrokarboner som brukes i den smørende olje kan innbefatte mineral-smøreoljer og syntetiske smøre-oljer og blandinger av disse. Syntetiske oljer vil innbefatte diesteroljer såsom di(2-etylheksyl)-sebacat, -azelat og -adipat, komplekse esteroljer såsom de som dannes fra dikarb-oksylsyrer,. glykoler og enten monobasiske syrer eller mono-alkoholer, silikonoljer, sulfidestere, organiske karbonater og andre kjente syntetiske oljer.
Andre additiver kan selvsagt tilsettes til smøre-oljen ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse for å få et ferdig produkt. Slike additiver kan være de vanlig brukte additiv-
er og innbefatter oksydasjonshemmende forbindelser såsom fenotiazin eller fenyl-a-naftylamin, rusthemmende forbindelser såsom lecitin eller sorbitanmonooleat, rensemidler såsom barium-fenater, midlere for å senke stivnepunktet såsom sampolymerer av vinylacetat med maursyreestere av kokosnottoljealkoholer, viskositetsindeks-forbedrende forbindelser såsom olefinsampoly-merer, polymetakrylater etc. Et spesielt brukbart additiv er det basiske alkalijordmetallsaltet av en organisk sulfonsyre, vanligvis en petroleumsulfonsyre eller en syntetisk fremstilt
alkarylsuifonsyre. Blantj slike petroleumsulfonater linner man de mest brukbare produkter Iblant de som er fremstilt ved å sulfonere egnede petroleumsfraksjoner hvoretter man fjerner syreslammet og foretar en! rensing. Syntetiske alkarylsuifon-syrer blir vanligvis fremstilt fra alkylerte benzener såsom Friedel-Craft-reaksjonsproduktet av benzen og en polymer såsom tetrapropylen. Egnede syrer kan også fremstilles ved å sulfonere alkylerte derivater av slike forbindelser som difenylen-oksydtiantren, fenoltioksin, difenylensulfin, fenotiazin, di-fenyloksyd, difenylsulfid, jdifenylamin, cykloheksan, dekahydro-naftalen o.1.
Basiske jordalkalimetallsulfonater blir vanligvis fremstilt ved å reagere en alkalijordmetallbase, f.eks. kalk, magnesiumoksyd, magnesiumålkoholat med CC^ i nærvær av sulfonsyre eller noytrale metallsulfonater, vanligvis kalsium-, mag-nesium- eller bariumsalterj. Disse noytrale salter kan igjen fremstilles fra frie syrer ved at disse reagerer med egnede alkalijordmetallsalter eller ved en dobbeldekomponering av et alkalimetallsulfonat, og s'like fremgangsmåter er vel kjente, se f.eks. U.S. patent nr. [3.562.159.
Som nevnt tidligere kan additivkombinasjonen ifolge foreliggende oppfinnelse brukes sammen med andre additiver, og vanligvis vil man bruke slike additiver i de ferdige produkter. Ettersom z inkdihydrokarby-ditiofosfåtene og polykarbok-sylsyr/glykolestrene som brukes i foreliggende oppfinnelse har en tendens til å konkurrere med tilsvarende additiver som funksjonerer med binding til metalloverflåtene, så er det foretrukket at konsentrasjonen av slike andre additiver i de
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ferdige produkter holdes på et relativt lavt nivå.
De folgende eksempler illustrerer oppfinnelsen.
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Eksempel I I
Flere smbrende sammensetninger ble fremstilt ved å bruke en 10W-40SE-kvalitets motorolje inneholdende 1,5 vekt-%, basert på vekten av den smbrende olje, av zinkdialkylditio-fosfat (80% aktiv ingrediens i fortynnet mineralolje), hvor alkylgruppene var en blanding av grupper, med mellom 4 og 5 karbonatomer og fremstilt ved å omsette ^ 2^^ mec^ en tilan(iing av 65% isobutylalkohol og 35% amylalkohol, 0,1 vektprosent basert på vekten av smoreoljen, av en ester fremstilt ved forestringen av en dimersyre av linolsyre og dietylenglykol, og med folgende formel:
Forskjellige dispergeringsmidler ble brukt i de smorende sammensetninger på folgende måte: (A) Et askelost dispergeringsmiddel fremstilt ved å omsette polyisobutenylravsyreanhydrid (PIBSA), og hvor polyisobutenylradikalet (PIB) hadde en midlere molekylvekt (Kn) på ca. 900, med en ekvimolar mengde av pentaerytritol og en mindre mengde av en polyaminblanding bestående av polyoksypropylen-amin og polyetylenaminer, hvorved man fikk et produkt med et nitrogeninnhold på ca. 0,35 vekt-<:>%. Forbindelser av denne type er beskrevet i U.S. patent 3.804.763 og selges av Lubrizol Corporation under varemerket "Lubrizol 6401". (B) Et borert askelost dispergeringsmiddel ble fremstilt ved å kondensere 2,1 mol polyisobutenylravsyreanhydrid,
hvor polyisobutenylradikalet hadde midlere molekylvekt på ca. 1300, opplost i opplosningsmiddel "Solvent Neutral 150" mineralolje slik at man fikk en 50 vekt-%ig opplosning, med 1 mol tetraetylenpentamin. Polyisobutenylravsyreanhydriopplosningen ble oppvarmet til ca. ]50°C under opproring og polyaminet ble tilsatt reaksjonskaret i lopet av 4 timer hvoretter man utforte en koking under tilbakelop i 3 timer. Temperaturen ble holdt på ca. 140 - 165°C under reaksjonen og den etterfblgende koking. Mens produktet ble holdt på temperaturer mellom 135 og 165°C, tilsatte man en suspensjon av 1,4 mol borsyre i mineralolje i lopet av 3 timer, hvoretter man utforte en koking med tilbakelop i lopet av 4 timer. Etter filtrering
og fordamping inneholdt konsentratet (50 vekt-% av reaksjonsproduktet) ca. 1,46 vekt-% niitrogen og 0,32 vekt-% bor.
(C) Et askelost dispergeringsmiddel"ble fremstilt ved å tilsette 1,0 mol PIBsk med én PIB-gruppe med en midlere
molekylvekt på ca. 1300 opplost i 500 ml "Solvent 150 Neutral", 0,36 mol zinkacetatdihydratl som en katalysator og 1,9 mol tris-(hydroksymetyl)-aminometan |(THAM) i en glasskolbe. Under opp-varming mellom 168 og 174°cj i 4 timer så fikk man den forvent-ede mengde av vann. Etter!filtrering og fordampning inneholdt konsentratet (50 vekt-% aktiv ingrediens) 1,0 vekt-% nitrogen.
(D) Et askelost dispergeringsmiddel ble fremstilt
på lignende måte som beskrevet under (B) ovenfor, idet man brukte 1,3 mol PIBSA (PIB hadde!en midlere molekylvekt på ca. 900) og borering ble ikke utfortl Produktet hadde et nitrogeninnhold på 2,1 vekt-%.
Ved fremstilling av den ferdige smorende sammensetning ble de forskjellige esterkomponentene forst dispergert i folgende mengder i de ovenfor•definerte askelbse dispergeringsmidler: (A) 5,25 vekt-% dispergeringsmiddel (blanding av 46,5 vekt-% aktiv ingrediens i mineralsmoreolje); (B) og (C) 5,25 vekt-% dispergeringsmiddel (blanding av 50 vekt-% aktiv ingrediens i mineralsmoreolje); (D) 6,3 vekt-% dispergeringsmiddel (blanding av 50 vekt-% aktiv ingrediens i mineralsmoreolje).
Esterdelen av hver sammensetning slik den er beskrevet ovenfor (0,1 vekt-9é) ble dispergert i de ovenfor de-finerte dispergeringsmidleij ved ca. 65°C og rort i 2 timer og så tilsatt til en opplosning av en standard smorende sammen-etning av 10W-40SE veivkasseolje som inneholdt en rusthemmer, dvs. et overbaset magnesiumsulfonat, et rensemiddel, en viskositetsforbedrende forbindelse, dvs. en etylen-propylen-sam-polymer, og det forannevnte zinkdialkylditiofosfat (1,5 vekt-% - 80% aktiv ingrediens i mineralolje).
I motsetning til I sammensetninger hvor zinkdialkyl-ditiof osf atet var tilsatt dikarboksylsyre/glykolesteren for en av dem var fordispergert, så viste alle de ovennevnte sammensetninger en lagringsstabilitet over perioder på flere måneder ved vanlig romtemperatur. Den sammensetningen som inneholdt dispergeringsmiddel D viste enkelte tegn på dårlig lagringsstabilitet idet man kunne se' et utfall av additiv etter 2 uker ved romtemperatur, noe som indikerte at en 6'kende mengde av denne type dispergeringsmiddel var nodvendig for å opprettholde systemets forenlighet.
Eksempel II
I dette eksempel ble to sammensetninger fremstilt
som beskrevet i eksempel I og inneholdende et zinkdialkylditiofosfat og en dikarboksylsyre/glykolester og provet for relativ friksjon og slitasje idet man brukte en kule-på-sylin-derprove. Som sammenligning provet man for relativ friksjon og slitasje også en standard 10W-40SE-kvalitets motorolje inneholdende bare zinkkomponenten. •
Det apparat som brukes i denne såkalte kule-på-sylinderprove er beskrevet i Journal of the American Society of Lubrication Engineers, med tittelen "ASLE Transactions", bind 4, side 1-11, 1961. Generelt kan man si at apparatet består av en fast metallkule som er belastet og presset ned mot en roterende sylinder. Vekten på kulen og rotasjonen av sylinderen kan varieres under en gitt prove fra gang til gang. Videre kan også tiden for forsbket varieres. Vanligvis så vil man bruke stål på stål under en konstant belastning, et konstant rotasjonstall og en fast tid i hver prove i dette eksempel, dvs. en belastning på 4 kg, 0,26 omdreininger pr. minutt og en varighet på 70 minutter. Den virkelige slitasje ble bestemt ved å måle volumet av det metall som var fjernet fra sylinderen og deretter plasert på. en relativ basis ved at man regnet ut forholdet som ble oppnådd med en standard. Den virkelige friksjon på den annen side, ble bestemt fra den kraft som i virkeligheten var nodvendig for å utfore rotasjonen, og den relative friksjonen ble bestemt ved utregning i forhold til en belastning på en kjent standard. Det apparat og den fremgangsmåte som man brukte er mer detaljert beskrevet i U.S. patent 3.129.580 som er utstedt 21.5.1964 til Furey et al og som har tittelen "Apparatus for Measuring Friction and Contacts Between Sliding Lubricating Surfaces". (I) Iden forste sammensetningen blandet man en standard 10W-40SE smoreoljesammensetning, dvs. den samme som definert i eksempel I, inneholdende dispergeringsmiddel D og 1,5 vekt-% zinkdialkylditiofosfat (80% aktive ingrediens i mineralolje) og andre standardadditiver innbefattende en rusthemmer, et rensemiddel, en viskositetsforbedrende forbindelse,
men uten nevnte dikarboksylsyre/glykolester.
(II) I denne sammensetningen ble esterkomponenten
som definert i eksempel I fordispergert i det askelose dispergeringsmiddel D (beskraret i (eksempel I), og så kombinert med den standard smorende sammensetningen inneholdende additiver, heri også zinkdialkylditiofosfat som beskrevet i eksempel I. (III) I denne sammensetningen var esterkomponenten predispergert i det askelose dispergeringsmiddel A og så kombinert med standard smoresammensetningen inneholdende additiver inklusive zinkdialkylditiofosfat som beskrevet i eksempel I.
De folgende tabeller viser de resulterende relative friksjons- og slitasjedata man oppnådde for de tre sammensetninger, og hvor sammensetning I (uten ester) ble gitt den relative verdi på 1,00:
Foruten forbedrede friksjons- og slitasjeegenskaper slik man kunne se det i smojrende oljer inneholdende både et zinkdialkylditiofosfat og én dikarboksylsyre/glykolester (sam-mensetningene II og III), sa ble sammensetning I (uten ester) og sammensetning III også brukt i en standard motorprove, dvs. ; sekvens IIIC-prb've, for å bestemme ventilslitasje slik det er angitt i den folgende tabell:
Sekvens III C- prove
Den sammensetningen som inneholdt både det angitte zinkdialkylditiofosfatet og en dikarboksylsyre/glykolester (dvs. sammensetning III) viste meget tilfredsstillende resultater,
og dette var spesielt overraskende sett på bakgrunn av en for-ventet forskyvning av noe av zinkkomponenten, som er et ene-stående ekstremt trykkmiddel, på grunn av esteren.
Claims (5)
1 . Lagringsstabil smøreolje, karakterisert ved at den omfatter en større del smøreolje, 0,01-5,0 vektdeler zinkdihydrokarbylditiofosfat, hvor hydrokarbylgruppene inneholder 1-18 karbonatomer og er valgt fra alkyl-, alkenyl-, aryl-, aralkyl-, alkaryl- og cykloalifatiske radikaler; 0,01-1,0 vektdeler av en ester av en polykarboksylsyre og en glykol, hvor syren har 2 eller 3 karboksylsyregrupper og 9-42 karbonatomer mellom karboksylsyregruppene og nevnte glykol er valgt fra alkandioler med 2-12 karbonatomer eller en oksa-alkandiol med 4-200 karbonatomer; og 0,01-30 vektdeler av et askeløst dispergeringsmiddel som er en nitrogenholdig alkenylravsyre eller -anhydrid dannet fra en aminforbindelse som har en av formlene:
hvor x er et helt tall fra 1 til 10, R er hydrogen eller en hydrokarbongruppe med 1-7 karbonatomer og alkylengruppen er et rett eller forgrenet alkylenradikal med opptil 7 karbonatomer ;
hvor m har en verdi fra 3 til 70;
hvor n har en verdi fra 1 til 40 under den forutsetning at summen av alle n-verdiene varierer fra 3 til 70 og R er et flerverdig mettet hydrokarbonradikal med opptil 10 karbonatomer med en valens på 3-6; og
hvor R er et enverdig organisk radikal med opptil 20 karbonatomer og 0-6 alkoholiske hydroksylgrupper;
eller ester av alkenylravsyre eller anhydrid avledet fra en-verdige og flerverdige alkoholer, fenoler og naftoler, hvor nevnte alkenylgruppe har en molekylvekt på minst 900; idet alle vektangivelser er basert på 100 vektdeler av nevnte smøreolj e.
2. Smøreolje ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at dihydrokarbylgruppene i nevnte zinkforbindelse er alkylgrupper med 2-8 karbonatomer.
3. Smøreolje ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at nevnte dikarboksylsyre er en dimer av en konjugert fettsyre med 16-22 karbonatomer mellom karboksylsyregruppene.
4. Smøreolje ifølge krav 1,karakterisert ved at alkenylravsyreanhydridet er et polyisobutylenrav-syreanhydrid.
5. Smøreolje ifølge krav 1,karakterisert ved at det askeløse dispergeringsmiddel er fremstilt ved å omsette amin og polyisobutenylravsyreanhydrid i mengder fra 0,3:1 til 20:1 mol anhydrid til amin, og hvor nitrogeninnholdet i det fremstilte amin-avledede dispergeringsmiddel er mindre enn 2 vekt-%.
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US05/826,544 US4105571A (en) | 1977-08-22 | 1977-08-22 | Lubricant composition |
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Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL262417A (no) * | 1960-03-15 | |||
US3180832A (en) * | 1963-03-07 | 1965-04-27 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Oil compositions containing anti-wear additives |
US3381022A (en) * | 1963-04-23 | 1968-04-30 | Lubrizol Corp | Polymerized olefin substituted succinic acid esters |
DE1271877B (de) * | 1963-04-23 | 1968-07-04 | Lubrizol Corp | Schmieroel |
FR1396645A (fr) * | 1963-04-23 | 1965-04-23 | Lubrizol Corp | Additifs pour huiles lubrifiantes |
US3281356A (en) * | 1963-05-17 | 1966-10-25 | Lubrizol Corp | Thermally stable water-in-oil emulsions |
NL137371C (no) * | 1963-08-02 | |||
US3216936A (en) * | 1964-03-02 | 1965-11-09 | Lubrizol Corp | Process of preparing lubricant additives |
US3446737A (en) * | 1966-08-18 | 1969-05-27 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Friction reducing additive comprising metal soap solubilized in oil by an ncontaining dispersant |
US3442808A (en) * | 1966-11-01 | 1969-05-06 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricating oil additives |
US3429817A (en) * | 1968-02-29 | 1969-02-25 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Diester lubricity additives and oleophilic liquids containing the same |
US3562159A (en) * | 1968-06-26 | 1971-02-09 | Lubrizol Corp | Synthetic lubricants |
US3576743A (en) * | 1969-04-11 | 1971-04-27 | Lubrizol Corp | Lubricant and fuel additives and process for making the additives |
US3632511A (en) * | 1969-11-10 | 1972-01-04 | Lubrizol Corp | Acylated nitrogen-containing compositions processes for their preparationand lubricants and fuels containing the same |
US3804763A (en) * | 1971-07-01 | 1974-04-16 | Lubrizol Corp | Dispersant compositions |
US3933659A (en) * | 1974-07-11 | 1976-01-20 | Chevron Research Company | Extended life functional fluid |
-
1977
- 1977-08-22 US US05/826,544 patent/US4105571A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1978
- 1978-06-26 CA CA306,197A patent/CA1097320A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-26 IN IN475/DEL/78A patent/IN148664B/en unknown
- 1978-06-26 ZA ZA00783637A patent/ZA783637B/xx unknown
- 1978-06-27 NZ NZ187690A patent/NZ187690A/xx unknown
- 1978-06-28 AU AU37556/78A patent/AU520291B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-29 FI FI782094A patent/FI63594C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-06-30 IT IT25224/78A patent/IT1098356B/it active
- 1978-07-04 SE SE7807537A patent/SE443368B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-07-10 FR FR7820567A patent/FR2401218A1/fr active Granted
- 1978-07-12 DK DK313778A patent/DK150640C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-07-12 GB GB7829646A patent/GB2002810B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-14 NL NL7807606A patent/NL7807606A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-07-20 NO NO782506A patent/NO146643C/no unknown
- 1978-07-25 BE BE2057164A patent/BE869226A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-07-28 DE DE19782833171 patent/DE2833171A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-07-31 BR BR7804924A patent/BR7804924A/pt unknown
- 1978-07-31 AT AT0554178A patent/AT365631B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-08-02 CH CH824978A patent/CH638560A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-08-17 PH PH21507A patent/PH13339A/en unknown
- 1978-08-21 SU SU782652605A patent/SU936818A3/ru active
- 1978-08-22 JP JP10151578A patent/JPS5443207A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IN148664B (no) | 1981-05-02 |
PH13339A (en) | 1980-03-13 |
AU520291B2 (en) | 1982-01-21 |
DK150640C (da) | 1987-11-02 |
FR2401218A1 (fr) | 1979-03-23 |
DE2833171A1 (de) | 1979-03-01 |
ZA783637B (en) | 1979-06-27 |
FR2401218B1 (no) | 1983-01-21 |
DK313778A (da) | 1979-02-23 |
IT7825224A0 (it) | 1978-06-30 |
AU3755678A (en) | 1980-01-03 |
NO782506L (no) | 1979-02-23 |
FI63594B (fi) | 1983-03-31 |
AT365631B (de) | 1982-02-10 |
SU936818A3 (ru) | 1982-06-15 |
FI782094A (fi) | 1979-02-23 |
NZ187690A (en) | 1980-03-05 |
BE869226A (nl) | 1979-01-25 |
DK150640B (da) | 1987-05-04 |
GB2002810A (en) | 1979-02-28 |
CA1097320A (en) | 1981-03-10 |
IT1098356B (it) | 1985-09-07 |
US4105571A (en) | 1978-08-08 |
SE443368B (sv) | 1986-02-24 |
GB2002810B (en) | 1982-05-12 |
NL7807606A (nl) | 1979-02-26 |
SE7807537L (sv) | 1979-02-23 |
CH638560A5 (de) | 1983-09-30 |
JPH0129838B2 (no) | 1989-06-14 |
BR7804924A (pt) | 1979-04-10 |
FI63594C (fi) | 1983-07-11 |
ATA554178A (de) | 1981-06-15 |
JPS5443207A (en) | 1979-04-05 |
NO146643C (no) | 1982-11-10 |
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