JP5068166B2 - 2サイクルエンジンを潤滑させるか、堆積物形成を防止するか、または清浄にするのに適当な潤滑剤添加剤組成物 - Google Patents
2サイクルエンジンを潤滑させるか、堆積物形成を防止するか、または清浄にするのに適当な潤滑剤添加剤組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5068166B2 JP5068166B2 JP2007519379A JP2007519379A JP5068166B2 JP 5068166 B2 JP5068166 B2 JP 5068166B2 JP 2007519379 A JP2007519379 A JP 2007519379A JP 2007519379 A JP2007519379 A JP 2007519379A JP 5068166 B2 JP5068166 B2 JP 5068166B2
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- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfide Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1SC1=CC=CC=C1 LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002019 disulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002194 fatty esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011087 fumaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010699 lard oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- TUFJPPAQOXUHRI-KTKRTIGZSA-N n'-[(z)-octadec-9-enyl]propane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCNCCCN TUFJPPAQOXUHRI-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFIGICHILYTCJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-methylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CNCCN KFIGICHILYTCJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000018 nitroso group Chemical group N(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WTBAHSZERDXKKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoyl chloride Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(Cl)=O WTBAHSZERDXKKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WYMSBXTXOHUIGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N paraoxon Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 WYMSBXTXOHUIGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003336 secondary aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 JZALLXAUNPOCEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical class [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical class [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/026—Butene
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/285—Esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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Description
本願は、米国特許出願第60/584026号から優先権を主張している。
本発明は、2サイクルエンジンを清浄にするのに有用な潤滑剤組成物および燃料−潤滑剤混合物に関する。2サイクルエンジンの技術は、英国で発明された19世紀末以来、存在している。最初は、この技術は、簡単であり、初期の用途は、主に、オートバイであった。Evinrudeは、米国において、1.5HPのエンジンを使って、1909年に、最初の船外エンジンを開発した。これらのエンジンは、軽量であるために、しばしば、携帯型動力工具(例えば、チェーンソー、刈払機、コンクリートソー、ストリングトリマー、およびローンエッジャー)で使用されている。時が経つにつれて、これらの簡単な気化器付き2サイクルエンジンは、より複雑となり、現在では、新しい最新のレクリエーション用製品(例えば、スノーモービル、ジェットスキーおよび全ての地上(terrain)車両)に組み込まれている。
本発明は、堆積物形成を防止するか、または清浄にしつつ、2サイクルエンジンを潤滑させるのに適当な潤滑組成物を提供し、該潤滑組成物は、以下を含有する:
(a)潤滑粘性のあるオイル;
(b)0.5〜30重量パーセントの合成エステル;
(c)1.1〜15重量パーセントのマンニッヒ分散剤;
(d)0.5〜8重量パーセントの12個〜24個の炭素原子を有する脂肪酸とポリアミンとの少なくとも1種の縮合生成物;および
(e)100℃で5cSt未満の動粘度を有する通常液状の溶媒であって、
ここで、該潤滑組成物の窒素含量は、0.1〜0.25重量パーセントである。
種々の好ましい特徴および実施態様は、非限定的な例示として、以下で記述する。
潤滑粘性のあるオイルには、天然および合成潤滑油およびそれらの混合物が挙げられる。
本発明の組成物はまた、ジカルボン酸(例えば、フタル酸、コハク酸、アルキルコハク酸およびアルケニルコハク酸、マレイン酸、アゼライン酸、スベリン酸、セバシン酸、フマル酸、アジピン酸、リノール酸ダイマー、マロン酸、アルキルマロン酸、およびアルケニルマロン酸)と、種々のアルコール(例えば、ブチルアルコール、ヘキシルアルコール、ドデシルアルコール、2−エチルヘキシルアルコール、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコールモノエーテル、およびプロピレングリコール)のいずれかとのエステルを含有する。これらエステルの特定の例には、アジピン酸ジブチル、セバシン酸ジ(2−エチルヘキシル)、フマル酸ジ−n−ヘキシル、セバシン酸ジオクチル、アゼライン酸ジイソオクチル、アゼライン酸ジイソデシル、フタル酸ジオクチル、フタル酸ジデシル、セバシン酸ジエイコシル、リノール酸ダイマーの2−エチルヘキシルジエステル、およびセバシン酸1モルとテトラエチレングリコール2モルおよび2−エチルヘキサン酸2モルとの反応により形成される複合エステルが挙げられる。
本発明はまた、少なくとも2種の分散剤を含有する。第一分散剤は、マンニッヒ分散剤であり、これは、時には、マンニッヒ塩基分散剤と呼ばれている。マンニッヒ分散剤は、ヒドロカルビル置換フェノールとアルデヒドとアミンまたはアンモニアとの反応生成物である。このヒドロカルビル置換フェノールのヒドロカルビル置換基は、10個〜400個の炭素原子、他の場合、30個〜180個の炭素原子、さらに他の場合、10個または40個〜110個の炭素原子を有し得る。このヒドロカルビル置換基は、オレフィンまたはポリオレフィンから誘導できる。有用なオレフィンには、α−オレフィン(例えば、1−デセン)が挙げられ、これらは、市販されている。
この潤滑組成物の他の特性は、全体的に低い全窒素含量である。窒素とは、種々の添加剤(特に、窒素含有分散剤および任意のアミン酸化防止剤)により供給される重量パーセントとしての窒素含量を意味する。低窒素潤滑剤調合物は、リンググローブの充填(reduce ring groove fill)および多大な炭素堆積を著しく減少でき、それにより、リングのジャッキング(jacking)およびそれに引き続いたエンジンの焼付きをなくす。
その潤滑剤またはそれが通常混合される燃料での添加剤の溶解を助けるために、このような潤滑剤組成物に一般的(必須ではないが)に存在している他の物質は、溶媒である。典型的には、このような物質は、この潤滑剤の残りの成分が溶解する可燃性溶媒(潤滑粘性のあるオイル以外)であり、これは、約105℃未満の引火点を有する。この溶媒は、典型的には、炭化水素質溶媒、すなわち、分子内に比較的に少数のヘテロ原子が存在し得るものの、主に炭化水素的な特性を示すものである。この溶媒は、好ましくは、炭化水素であり、好ましくは、主として非芳香族(例えば、アルカン)的な特性を有する。この溶媒は、それゆえ、好ましくは、20重量パーセント未満の芳香族成分を含有し、好ましくは、実質的に、多核芳香族成分を含まない。(芳香族炭化水素は、十分に多量では、燃焼すると、煙の原因となり得、それゆえ、時には、望ましくない)。特に適当な溶媒は、灯油であり、これは、180〜300℃の沸点範囲を有する非芳香族石油留出物である。他の有用な溶媒は、Stoddard溶媒であり、これは、154〜202℃の沸点範囲を有する。
他の通常の成分もまた、存在し得、これらには、オレフィン重合体(例えば、比較的に低分子量(例えば、5000以下、例えば、500〜2000、特に、約1000)のポリイソブチレン);流動点降下剤;摩擦調整剤(例えば、脂肪エステル);ブライトストック;粘度指数向上剤;金属不活性化剤;錆防止剤;高圧添加剤、耐摩耗剤、および消泡剤が挙げられる。これらの物質のいずれかは、もし望ましいなら、存在できるか、または排除できる。
a.鉱物性基油混合物17.7%(他の成分に由来の通常の希釈油を含む)
b.ペンタエリスリトールエステル25%
c.ポリイソブテン28%
d.ジメチルアミンを使って調製したマンニッヒ7.24%
e.イソステアリン酸とテトラエチレンペンタミンとの縮合生成物2%
f.芳香族アミン酸化防止剤0.53%
g.グリセロールモノオレエート(摩擦調整剤)0.5%
h.錆防止剤0.06%
i.溶媒19%
TC−W3認定の市販の2サイクル油であって、これは、以下を含有する:
a.アルキルアミノフェノール分散剤5.89%
b.脂肪酸イミダゾール分散剤1.1%
c.スクシンイミド分散剤1.30%
d.ジノニルジフェニルアミン酸化防止剤0.18%
e.流動点降下剤0.084%
f.溶媒18.51%
g.ポリイソブテン3%
h.基油65%+他の成分に由来の通常の追加希釈油
実施例5
a.鉱物性基油混合物42%+他の成分に由来の通常の追加希釈油
b.Priolube(商標)3967合成エステル3%
c.ポリイソブテン22%
d.ジメチルアミンマンニッヒ分散剤5.25%
e.イソステアリン酸とテトラエチレンペンタミンとの縮合生成物2.12%
f.ジノニルジフェニルアミン酸化防止剤0.33%
g.グリセロールモノオレエート(摩擦調整剤)0.35%
h.錆防止剤0.04%
i.溶媒24%
実施例6
a.鉱物性基油混合物44.5%+他の成分に由来の通常の追加希釈油
b.Priolube(商標)3967合成エステル3%
c.ポリイソブテン22%
d.ジメチルアミンマンニッヒ分散剤3.71%
e.イソステアリン酸とテトラエチレンペンタミンとの縮合生成物1.5%
f.ジノニルジフェニルアミン酸化防止剤0.23%
g.グリセロールモノオレエート摩擦調整剤0.25%
h.錆防止剤0.03%
i.溶媒24%
Claims (7)
- 2サイクルエンジンを潤滑させるか、堆積物形成を防止するか、または清浄にするのに適当な潤滑組成物であって、該潤滑組成物は、以下を含有する:
(a)潤滑粘性のあるオイル;
(b)1〜25重量パーセントの合成エステルであって、ペンタエリスリトールから誘導されるエステルを含む、合成エステル;
(c)1.1〜15重量パーセントのマンニッヒ分散剤であって、ポリブテン置換フェノール、アルキレンジアミンおよびホルムアルデヒドまたはその反応性等価物から調製され、ここで該ホルムアルデヒドの反応性等価物はホルマリンまたはパラホルムアルデヒドである、マンニッヒ分散剤;
(d)0.5〜8重量パーセントの、脂肪酸とポリアミンとの少なくとも1種の縮合生成物であって、該脂肪酸が、イソステアリン酸を含み、該ポリアミンが、ポリアルキレンポリアミンを含む、縮合生成物;および
(e)100℃で5cSt未満の動粘度を有する通常液状の溶媒であって、
ここで、該潤滑組成物の窒素含量は、0.1〜0.25重量パーセントである、
潤滑組成物。 - 前記潤滑組成物が、無灰である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記潤滑組成物が、さらに、1種またはそれ以上の追加添加剤を含有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記潤滑組成物が、さらに、摩擦調整剤、酸化防止剤、流動点降下剤、腐食防止剤またはそれらの混合物を含有する、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 2サイクルエンジンを潤滑させるか、堆積物形成を防止するか、または清浄にする方法であって、該エンジンに、請求項1に記載の潤滑組成物を供給する工程を包含する、方法。
- 前記潤滑組成物が、主要量の液体燃料組成物と混合され、そして得られた混合物が、前記エンジンに供給される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記潤滑組成物の少なくとも一部が、液体燃料と共に、燃焼室に直接注入される、請求項5に記載の方法。
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PCT/US2005/023035 WO2006004806A1 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2005-06-29 | Lubricant additive composition suitable for lubricating, preventing deposit formation, or clean-up of two-stroke engines |
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EP2729555A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 | 2014-05-14 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricant providing improved cleanliness for two-stroke cycle engines |
US11241777B2 (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2022-02-08 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Powered fastener driving tools and clean lubricants therefor |
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US4105571A (en) * | 1977-08-22 | 1978-08-08 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Lubricant composition |
US4326972A (en) * | 1978-06-14 | 1982-04-27 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Concentrates, lubricant compositions and methods for improving fuel economy of internal combustion engine |
CA1265506A (en) * | 1984-11-21 | 1990-02-06 | Kirk Emerson Davis | Alkyl phenol and amino compound compositions and two- cycle engine oils and fuels containing same |
US5264005A (en) * | 1991-08-09 | 1993-11-23 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Two-cycle lubricants and methods of using the same |
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US6331510B1 (en) * | 2001-02-13 | 2001-12-18 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Synthetic diesel engine lubricants containing dispersant-viscosity modifier and functionalized phenol detergent |
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