NO121949B - - Google Patents
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- NO121949B NO121949B NO66164332A NO16433266A NO121949B NO 121949 B NO121949 B NO 121949B NO 66164332 A NO66164332 A NO 66164332A NO 16433266 A NO16433266 A NO 16433266A NO 121949 B NO121949 B NO 121949B
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- glass
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- melt
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- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing only one pyridine ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/44—Radicals substituted by doubly-bound oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atoms, or by two such atoms singly-bound to the same carbon atom
- C07D213/46—Oxygen atoms
- C07D213/50—Ketonic radicals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/44—Radicals substituted by doubly-bound oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen atoms, or by two such atoms singly-bound to the same carbon atom
- C07D213/53—Nitrogen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/54—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/57—Nitriles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/79—Acids; Esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/81—Amides; Imides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D213/84—Nitriles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/89—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
- C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D221/04—Ortho- or peri-condensed ring systems
- C07D221/06—Ring systems of three rings
- C07D221/16—Ring systems of three rings containing carbocyclic rings other than six-membered
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Other In-Based Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
Description
Ovn for smeltning eller raffinering av glass.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en
ovn for smelting eller raffinering av glass, idet det med betegnelsen glass her skal forstås glassaktige masser i sin alminnelighet, hvor glassmelten inneholdes i et ovnskammer og varmes opp ved hjelp av elektrisk trøm som flyter gjennom smeiten.
For at denne ovn skal virke effektivt er det nødvendig å nedsette varmetapene fra glass-smelten så meget som mulig, men
noen varmetap er uunngåelige gjennom veggene i ovnskammeret og fra den øvre overflate av glass-smelten og derfra gjennom toppen av ovnskammeret når det er anordnet en slik.
Det er kjent å beskikke ladninger av
glassmaterialer på den øvre overflate av en glass-smelte slik at det dannes en varmebevarende skorpe. I ovnsanlegg med anordninger for dette formål har det ikke vært tatt noen forholdsregler for å for-hindre berøring mellom kantene av masseskorpen og sideveggene i ovnskammeret. Derved vil skorpen ikke bare bevirke slitasje på sideveggene, men kan også brytes opp i store stykker på grunn av stigning og senkning av nivået. Videre kan masseskorpen bli kilt fast slik at berøringen mellom undersiden av skorpen og overflaten på den flytende smelte opphører.
I visse ovnsanlegg hvor glasset oppvar-mes fra den øvre overflate ved hjelp av brennere er det anordnet innoverbuete vegger for å reflektere varme mot den ny-beskikkede charge, men det har ikke vært foreslått å benytte en masseskorpe hvor det hindres at skorpen stivner eller strekker seg til et sammenhengende belte ved om-kretsen av smeiten slik at skorpen kan flyte fritt på overflaten av smeiten uten å komme i berøring med sideveggene og uten å bevirke for meget slitasje på veggene eller å brytes opp i stykker som ville øde-legge smeltens homogenitet.
Formålet med foreliggende oppfinnelse er å skaffe en ny og bedre ovn hvor masseskorpen kan benyttes uten å medføre disse ulemper slik at de faste massematerialer kan smeltes gradvis fra undersiden av masseskorpen og slik at det oppnås bedre homogenitet i glassmelten.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen er en ovn for smelting eller raffinering av glass av den art som omfatter et ovnskammer for opptagelse av glass-smelten og med mot hverandre stående elektroder eller elektrodesett for føring av elektrisk strøm gjennom smeiten for å oppvarme denne til den nød-vendige temperatur, og med anordninger for over overflaten av glassmelten å fordele chargematerial i form av pulver eller oppdelte faste stoffer for å danne en varmebevarende skorpe, utstyrt med en varme-sperre-ramme som rager innover fra side- og ende-veggene i ovnskammeret i området for den normale høyde av overflaten av glass-smelten og med undersider som reflekterer varme fra smeiten.
Underflatene av varmesperrerammen kan i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse skråne nedover fra sine indre kanter mot sine ytre kanter.
Det er hensiktsmessig at underflatene rager over og ligger overfor kantbeltet av smeiten ved dens grenser og at de ligger opptil 15 cm over overflaten av smeiten. Underflatene kan ha en bredde på fra ca. 2,5 til 22,5 cm målt loddrett på veggene i ovsnkammeret.
I enkelte tilfeller kan varmesperrerammen være anordnet under overflaten av smeiten idet dybden, tykkelsen og bredden av rammen er slik valgt at at de forhold som er nevnt blir oppnådd i kantbeltet av overflaten av smeiten.
Oppfinnelsen skal beskrives nærmere under henvisning til vedføyde tegning. Fig. 1 viser et enderiss og delvis et snitt av en utførelse av en smelte- eller raffi-nerings-ovn i henhold til oppfinnelsen. Fig. 2 viser et horisontalsnitt gjennom ovnskammeret etter linjen 2—2 i fig. 1.
I den utførelse av ovnen som er vist omfatter den et ovnskammer 10 for ledende smelting eller raffinering av glass. Som vist i fig. 2 kan dette kammer være kvadratisk eller rektangulært, men tilnærmet kvadratisk, idet høyden av kammeret av-gjøres av det volum av glass-smelte som skal være tilstede i kammeret 10 for å til-fredsstille både kravene til gjennomgang, d. v. s. glassvekt fra ovnen pr. tidsenhet, og smelte- eller raffineringstid, dvs. den tid glasset må oppholde seg i kammeret for å bli smeltet eller raffinert i tilfredsstillende grad. Som typisk eksempel kan følgende dimensjoner nevnes: bredde ca. 2,4 m, lengde ca. 2,7 m og høyde ca. 0,75 m.
Langs hver av endeveggene 11 i kammeret 10 er det anordnet elektroder 12 som fortrinsvis er anordnet tett ved ende-veggene 11 i ovnen og opptar nesten hele bredden og en vesentlig dybde av de partier av disse endevegger som ligger under den normale overflate-høyde for glass-smelten i ovnen. Denne høyde er betegnet 13. Strøm blir således overført til glasset fra disse elektroder fra en passende veksel-strømkilde over i det vesentlige hele tverr-snittet av smeiten tatt i et vertikalplan parallell med endeveggene 11.
Endeveggene 11 og sideveggene 14 i ovnskammeret kan være utført av hvilket som helst passende ildfast material, f. eks. sintret sillimitt eller elektrostøpt zirkon-blanding. I kort avstand over den normale overflate-høyde 13 for glass-smelten har ende- og side-veggene klosser som raker innover i ovnskammeret slik at det dannes karmer 15 langs hele lengden av ende-veggene 11 og karmer 16 langs hele lengden av sideveggene 14.
De klosser som danner disse karmer kan være utført av det samme ildfaste material som er brukt i de vegger hvor de inneholdes og klossene er fortrinsvis dimen-sjonert slik at de raker ca. 15 cm innover forbi de vertikale eller omtrent vertikale indre flater av veggene 11 og 14.
Det er klart at denne avstand hvormed klossene raker frem kan minskes eller økes til en viss grad uten, for det første, i sær-lig grad å skade opprettelsen av et område med høyere temperatur inne i kammeret under karmene med den bredde som er nødvendig for å frembringe smelting av chargematerialene i dette område slik som det skal beskrives senere og uten for det annet å skade leggingen av en skorpe av chargematerial over i det vesentlige hele overflaten av glass-smelten for å nedsette varmetapet oppover fra ovnskammeret så meget som mulig. I alminnelighet bør karmene rage minst ca. 7,5 cm og ikke mere enn ca. 22,5 cm innover.
Det vil legges merke til at underflaten 17 av karmene 15 er skrå i forhold til hori-sontalplanet slik at de strekker seg oppover i retning bort fra endeveggene i ovnen, og det er klart at underflaten av karmene 16 også er skrå på samme måte.
Denne skråning av underflaten øker refleksjon av strålevarme nedover fra disse underflater inn i det kantområde som ligger under karmene, idet strålingen kommer fra partier av glassmelten som ligger innenfor karmene, d. v. s. nærmere midten av kammeret hvor temperaturen i alminnelighet er litt høyere.
Hvis underflatene av karmene var hori-sontale ville den varme som reflekteres nedover fra dem hovedsakelig stamme fra det område som ligger under selve karmene, Selv om denne anordning ville være effektiv i praksis er den utførelse som er vist å foretrekke. I tillegg til å fremme opprettholdelsen av et temperaturområde over kantpartiet av glass-smelten ved dens grenser på grunn av refleksjon av strålevarme fra underflatene, vil disse karmer også fremme opprettholdelsen av dette område med høyere temperatur da de virker som fysiske sperrer mot overføring av varme oppover ved konveksjon fra overflaten av glass-smelten under karmene.
For å føre chargematerialer til ovns-kammeret 10 på en slik måte at de blir for-delt slik som ønsket over overflaten 13 av glass-smelten er det anordnet en innret-ning som omfatter en vogn som; som hel-het, er betegnet 18 og denne innvogn er forsynt med hjul 19 som løper på horison-tale skinner 20 som bæres på stolper 21 utenfor endeveggene i ovnen.
Vognen 18 kan fylles med chargematerialer når den står i den stilling som er vist i fig. 2, utenfor en side av ovns-kammeret og kan så beveges over ovns-kammeret med styrt hastighet slik at den strør chargematerialene på overflaten av det flytende lag eller den skorpe av chargematerialer som allerede bæres på overflaten 13 av glass-smelten. Dette lag eller denne skorpe er betegnet 22.
Vognen 18 kan hensiktsmessig beveges ved hjelp av kjeder, f. eks. driv-kjeder som går over tannhjul ved endene av skinnene 20, hvorav ett er drevet, og et løp av hver av disse kjeder er forbundet med vognen på vilkårlig passende måte, f. eks. ved hjelp av en arm som raker nedover og som i denne hensikt er anordnet på vognen.
Under drift holdes ovnskammeret 10 åpent øverst slik at chargematerialer kan fordeles på denne måte, men det kan even-tuellt være anordnet et tak eller topp på et sted over bevegelsesbanen for vognen 18 og dette tak eller denne topp kan bæres på en slik måte at det kan senkes når det trenges slik at ovnskammeret 10 kan luk-kes øverst, f. eks. for igangsetting hvor brennere for gass- eller væskeformet brennstoff kan brukes for å heve temperaturen i glasset i kammeret til en slik temperatur at det blir elektrisk ledende.
Lengden av åpningen i fylle-vognen for fordeling av chargematerialene kan være slik at chargematerial stort sett ikke avgis til oversiden av karmene 15, men av-leveres over omtrent hele lengden av kammeret mellom de indre kanter av de mot-stående karmer 15 og likeledes over hele bredden av ovnskammeret mellom de mot-stående kanter av karmene 16.
En eventuell utbredning av charge-skorpen inn i områdene under karmene 15 og 16 motvirkes ved at smelting av chargematerialene i disse områder foregår raskere enn i partier av charge-skorpe som ligger innenfor de indre kanter av karmene slik at ved eller tett ved de indre overflater av veggene 11 og 14 under karmene vil det material som foreligger i ovnskammeret bestå bare av smeltet glass eller glass som er nesten smeltet.
På grunn av denne virkning kan charge -skorpen stige eller synke fritt på overflaten 13 av glass-smelten etter som høyden av denne varierer med gjennomgangs-hastigheten.
Ved å anordne en flytende charge-skorpe over nesten hele overflaten av smeiten opprettes det en kraftig varme-overføring mellom underlagflaten av skorpen og glass-smelten, hvorved det oppnås en stor smeltehastighet for charge-mate-rialene, samtidig som skorpen, på grunn av den noe porøse struktur som oppnås spesi-elt i de nedre lag av denne som er i en mellomtilstand mellom fast og flytende til-stand og inneholder lommer eller tomrom, virker som en effektiv varmebevarings-innretning.
Tilstedeværelsen av karmene hindrer slik sterk skraping av de indre flater på side- og ende-veggene i ovns-kammeret som ellers ville forekomme hvis skrapende mengder av faste chargematerialer skulle holde seg i berøring med disse mens de fore-tar vertikal bevegelse på grunn av den vari-erende høyde av overflaten 13 av smeiten. Videre vil mekanisk berøring mellom slike materialer som utgjør chargen i fast form og de indre flater av side- og ende-veggene kunne bryte opp og avbryte skorpen i kantområdet ved grensene for smeiten og forstyrre den mere eller mindre jevne og fremadskridende smelting som i ovnen i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse.
Faren for at partier av glass-smelten som ligger ved eller nær kantområdet ikke skal bli helt homogene på grunn av opp-brytning av skorpen og for tidlig felling av nylevert chargematerial til smeiten blir følgelig unngått eller nedsatt samtidig med de andre fordelaktige virkninger som er nevnt ovenfor.
Under driften av ovnene kan overflate-høyden av glassmelten være den samme som eller endog litt over de høyeste deler av underflatene av karmene uten å skade virkningen, eller høyden kan variere slik at den noen ganger er under og noen ganger over disse deler av karmene.
Glass kan tas ut av ovnskammeret 10 gjennom en sliss eller åpning 23 i bunnen av ovnen midt mellom elektrodene, hvor-etter dette glass føres gjennom en ledning 24 til det kommer inn i et ytterligere kammer 25 gjennom en åpning i bunden av dette. En liten del av dette kammer 25 er vist i fig. 2.
Dimensjonene for slissen 23 og anord-ningen for tilførsel av ekstra varme for glasset i ledningen 24 og i det ytterligere kammer 25 kan være slik som beskrevet i de patenter som er det henvist til ovenfor.
Claims (2)
1. Ovn for smelting eller raffinering av glass av den art som omfatter et ovnskammer for opptagelse av glass-smelten og med mot hverandre stående elektroder eller elektrodesett for føring av elektrisk
strøm, gjennom smeiten for å oppvarme denne til den nødvendige temperatur, og med anordninger for over overflaten av glassmelten å fordele chargematerial i form av pulver eller oppdelte faste stoffer for å danne en varmebevarende skorpe, karakterisert ved at ovnen er utstyrt med en varmesperre-ramme (15, 16) som rager innover fra side- og ende-veggene (14, 11) i ovnskammeret (10) i området for den normale høyde av overflaten av glass-smelten og med undersider (17) som reflekterer varme fra smeiten.
2. Ovn som angitt i påstand 1, karakterisert ved at underflatene (17) skråner nedover fra sine indre kanter mot sine i ytre kanter.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US27523763A | 1963-04-24 | 1963-04-24 | |
US330244A US3366635A (en) | 1963-04-24 | 1963-12-13 | Aza-5h-dibenzo-[a,d]-(cycloheptenes and cycloheptene-5-ones) and the corresponding 10, 11-dihydro derivatives thereof |
US330263A US3326924A (en) | 1963-04-24 | 1963-12-13 | Novel aza-dibenzo[a, d]-cycloheptene derivatives |
US42010164A | 1964-12-21 | 1964-12-21 | |
US580169A US3357986A (en) | 1963-04-24 | 1966-09-19 | 1, 2, 3 or 4, aza,-[5-piperdyl or hydrocarbyl amino]-10, 11 dihydro-5h-dibenzo-[a, d]-cycloheptene |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO121949B true NO121949B (no) | 1971-05-03 |
Family
ID=27540590
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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NO152953A NO120935B (no) | 1963-04-24 | 1964-04-23 | |
NO66164332A NO121949B (no) | 1963-04-24 | 1966-08-17 | |
NO66164333A NO120938B (no) | 1963-04-24 | 1966-08-17 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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NO152953A NO120935B (no) | 1963-04-24 | 1964-04-23 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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NO66164333A NO120938B (no) | 1963-04-24 | 1966-08-17 |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
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US (3) | US3326924A (no) |
JP (3) | JPS4840356B1 (no) |
BE (1) | BE647043A (no) |
BR (1) | BR6458580D0 (no) |
CH (2) | CH544091A (no) |
CY (1) | CY543A (no) |
DE (2) | DE1695853B2 (no) |
DK (2) | DK125421B (no) |
FI (1) | FI52220C (no) |
FR (1) | FR4013M (no) |
GB (1) | GB1065191A (no) |
IL (1) | IL21208A (no) |
IT (2) | IT1149233B (no) |
MY (1) | MY7000130A (no) |
NL (2) | NL6404490A (no) |
NO (3) | NO120935B (no) |
SE (4) | SE379765B (no) |
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DE1160442B (de) * | 1959-03-18 | 1964-01-02 | Degussa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 3-Trifluormethylphenthiazinen |
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US3127409A (en) * | 1962-08-08 | 1964-03-31 | Olin Mathieson | Novel dihydropyridobenzoxazepines and dihydropyridobenzthiazepines |
-
0
- NL NL132137D patent/NL132137C/xx active
-
1963
- 1963-12-13 US US330263A patent/US3326924A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1963-12-13 US US330244A patent/US3366635A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1964
- 1964-04-20 IL IL21208A patent/IL21208A/xx unknown
- 1964-04-20 CH CH584573A patent/CH544091A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1964-04-20 CH CH509564A patent/CH535769A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1964-04-21 GB GB16484/64A patent/GB1065191A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-04-22 BR BR158580/64A patent/BR6458580D0/pt unknown
- 1964-04-23 SE SE6912617*3A patent/SE379765B/xx unknown
- 1964-04-23 FR FR972072A patent/FR4013M/fr not_active Expired
- 1964-04-23 DK DK205164AA patent/DK125421B/da unknown
- 1964-04-23 NL NL6404490A patent/NL6404490A/xx unknown
- 1964-04-23 DE DE1964SC041153 patent/DE1695853B2/de active Granted
- 1964-04-23 NO NO152953A patent/NO120935B/no unknown
- 1964-04-23 DE DE19641795744 patent/DE1795744A1/de active Pending
- 1964-04-23 IT IT08873/64A patent/IT1149233B/it active
- 1964-04-23 FI FI640863A patent/FI52220C/fi active
- 1964-04-24 BE BE647043D patent/BE647043A/xx unknown
- 1964-04-24 JP JP39022868A patent/JPS4840356B1/ja active Pending
-
1966
- 1966-08-17 NO NO66164332A patent/NO121949B/no unknown
- 1966-08-17 NO NO66164333A patent/NO120938B/no unknown
- 1966-09-19 US US580169A patent/US3357986A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1968
- 1968-06-25 SE SE08610/68A patent/SE349030B/xx unknown
- 1968-06-25 SE SE08607/68A patent/SE347745B/xx unknown
- 1968-06-25 SE SE08609/68A patent/SE338317B/xx unknown
-
1969
- 1969-09-09 DK DK482469AA patent/DK125133B/da unknown
-
1970
- 1970-06-26 CY CY54370A patent/CY543A/xx unknown
- 1970-12-31 MY MY1970130A patent/MY7000130A/xx unknown
-
1972
- 1972-02-28 IT IT21129/72A patent/IT1123902B/it active
-
1973
- 1973-05-25 JP JP7358499A patent/JPS5030077B1/ja active Pending
- 1973-05-25 JP JP48058500A patent/JPS5030078B1/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5030078B1 (no) | 1975-09-29 |
DE1695853B2 (de) | 1976-06-16 |
MY7000130A (en) | 1970-12-31 |
FI52220C (fi) | 1977-07-11 |
CY543A (en) | 1970-06-26 |
DK125421B (da) | 1973-02-19 |
DE1695853A1 (de) | 1972-03-02 |
GB1065191A (en) | 1967-04-12 |
SE338317B (no) | 1971-09-06 |
US3326924A (en) | 1967-06-20 |
SE379765B (no) | 1975-10-20 |
BE647043A (no) | 1964-10-26 |
FR4013M (no) | 1966-03-21 |
NO120938B (no) | 1970-12-28 |
JPS4840356B1 (no) | 1973-11-30 |
NL6404490A (no) | 1964-10-26 |
JPS5030077B1 (no) | 1975-09-29 |
IT1123902B (it) | 1986-04-30 |
IT1149233B (it) | 1986-12-03 |
IL21208A (en) | 1968-10-24 |
DE1795745B2 (de) | 1976-04-08 |
DE1795745A1 (de) | 1974-08-29 |
BR6458580D0 (pt) | 1973-09-11 |
SE349030B (no) | 1972-09-18 |
US3357986A (en) | 1967-12-12 |
SE347745B (no) | 1972-08-14 |
NO120935B (no) | 1970-12-28 |
FI52220B (no) | 1977-03-31 |
DK125133B (da) | 1973-01-02 |
CH544091A (de) | 1973-12-28 |
NL132137C (no) | |
US3366635A (en) | 1968-01-30 |
CH535769A (de) | 1973-04-15 |
DE1795744A1 (de) | 1974-11-21 |
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