NL2029942A

NL2029942A - Feed composition, preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: NL2029942A
Application number: NL2029942A
Authority: NL
Inventors: Xia Yun; Jia Lijuan; Li Zhifei; Yu Ermeng; Tian Jingjing; Gong Wangbao; Xie Jun; Wang Guangjun; Zhang Kai
Original assignee: Pearl River Fisheries Res Institute Chinese Academy Of Fishery Sciences
Priority date: 2021-07-07
Filing date: 2021-11-29
Publication date: 2023-01-10
Also published as: CN113475644A; NL2029942B1; CN113475644B

Abstract

Disclosed are a feed composition, a method for preparing the feed composition and application thereof, which belong to that technical field of feed. The raw materials of the feed composition include Astragalus sinicus, rice straw, tofu slag, microbial preparation, porous zeolite, Acorus gram/neus, Herba an‘emisiae annuae, betel nut, garlic and Fructus foenicu/i; the steps for preparing comprising: weighing Acorus gram/neus, Herba an‘emisiae annuae, betel nut and Fructus foenicu/i, performing pulverizing and sieving, then soaking the materials and decocting to obtain medicinal liquid; weighing and crushing garlic, adding with water and extracting to obtain garlic juice; mixing that medicinal liquid of the composition with garlic juice, and then adding porous zeolite for adsorption; weighing and crushing Astraga/us sinicus and rice straw, adding with tofu slag and microbial preparation, fermenting, and mixing the obtained fermentation product with porous zeolite adsorbed with traditional Chinese medicine composition to obtain the feed composition. The feed composition of the present disclosure can be used as both aquatic feed and rice fertilizer in the integrated rice - fishery farming system, which can effectively improve the survival rate of small - size fish fry and increase the yield of both rice and fish.

Description

Feed composition, preparation method and application thereof

TECHNICAL FIELD The disclosure belongs to the technical field of feed, and particularly relates to a feed composition, a preparation method and application thereof.

BACKGROUND Fish cultivation in rice fields is an integrated method for rice - fishery farming firstly developed in rural and mountainous areas characterized mainly by small - scale farming on a farmer - by - farmer basis. However, as the economy develops rapidly and the living standard of the people improves, producers’ requirements for land unit output as well as food quality continue to increase, which justify the expanding of integrated rice - fishery farming and improvement of output requirements; nevertheless, problems have emerged in the process of expanding the scale and pursuing higher production. Though rice and aquatic animals benefit each other on a certain degree, there is still some adverse effects, i.e., to increase the yield of rice, certain amount of chemical fertilizers or other fertilizers need to be applied, some ammonia and nitrogen are thereby released into the water, while aquatic animals cannot tolerate high concentrations of ammonia and nitrogen. Therefore, it is important and necessary to develop a material that can simultaneously increase the yield of rice and the yield of farm animals in an integrated rice - fishery system.

In the case of conventional fish farming, fry of 3 - 5 cm in length may be placed directly. Such method is cost - effective while ensuring rather high survival rate of fry; as for integrated rice - fishery farming, since the integrated culture environment, having many kinds of microorganisms existed, is much more complicated than that in the simple fish culture pond, it is difficult for fry bearing poor resistance to survive in this complex environment, to ensure a good yield, it is necessary to place large - size fry with a length of 10 cm or more and increase the released quantity, which undoubtedly raises the cost.

SUMMARY In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present disclosure provides a feed composition and its preparation method and application.

To achieve the above objectives, the present disclosure provides the following technical scheme: The disclosure provides a feed composition, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 - 30 parts of Astragalus sinicus, 40 - 50 parts of rice straw, 20 - 30 parts of tofu slag, 2 - 5 parts of microbial preparation, 10 - 15 parts of porous zeolite, 2 - 5 parts of Acorus gramineus, 5 - 8 parts of Herba artemisiae annuae, 3 - 5 parts of betel nut, 5 - 8 parts of garlic and 3 - 5 parts of Fructus foenicull.

Preferably, the microbial preparation is composed of Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis according to the weight ratio of 1:1. Preferably, the number of beneficial viable bacteria in Trichoderma is 22*107 cfu/g, and the number of beneficial viable bacteria in Bacillus subtilis is = 3*107 cfu/g.

The disclosure also provides a method for preparing the feed composition, which comprises the following steps: weighing Acorus gramineus, Herba artemisiae annuae, betel nut and Fructus foeniculi, performing pulverizing and sieving, adding water to soak the sieved powdery composition, then decocting and performing filter to obtain medicinal liquid; weighing and crushing garlic, extracting the crushed garlic with water, and performing filter to obtain garlic juice; mixing the medicinal liquid with garlic juice, then adding the pulverized porous zeolite into the mixture to obtain the porous zeolite loaded with the traditional Chinese medicine composition; weighing and crushing Astragalus sinicus and rice straw, mixing the crushed material with tofu slag and microbial preparation, performing fermentation, and mixing the obtained fermented product with that porous zeolite loaded with traditional Chinese medicine composition to obtain the feed composition.

Preferably, the amount of water added in the powdery composition is 3 - 5 times of the weight of the powdery composition, and the soaking duration is 1-2 h.

Preferably, the decoction is to boil with strong fire at first, and then decoct with slow fire for 3 -5h.

Preferably, the amount of water added after the garlic is crushed is 10 - 15 times the weight of garlic.

Preferably, the porous zeolite is crushed and sieved by a 40 - 50 mesh sieve.

Preferably, the fermentation duration is 20 - 25 days.

The disclosure further provides an application of the feed composition in integrated rice - fishery farming.

Compared with the prior art, the disclosure has the following beneficial effects: in the present disclosure, the resistance of aquatic animals can be effectively improved by adding multiple Chinese herbs to the feed composition, thus reducing the size and quantity requirements for the fry placed in the integrated rice - fishery farming system, making it possible to ensure a high survival rate even when a small number of small - size fry are placed directly, thus reducing costs; in the present disclosure, a feed composition for aquatic animals is provided through reasonable proportioning types and amounts of raw material.

Integrated rice - fishery farming system adopting this feed composition can have a significantly improved output of aquatic animals; further, integrated rice - fishery farming system applied with this feed composition as fertilizer is free from the problem of decreasing output of aquatic animals due to the application of chemical fertilizers, the problem of poor aquatic animal production caused by the application of chemical fertilizers to improve rice production in integrated rice - fishery farming is thus effectively solved, and the economic benefits of integrated rice - fishery farming are improved accordingly.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail hereinafter, which should not be considered as a limitation of the present disclosure, but rather a more detailed description of some aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the terms used in this disclosure are only for describing specific embodiments, and are not used to limit the disclosure.

Further, it is to be understood that the range of values in the present disclosure also specifically discloses each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range. Each smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value within a stated range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the scope.

Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by the ordinary technicians in the field of this disclosure.

Although the present disclosure only describes the preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present disclosure. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated documents, the contents of this specification shall prevail.

Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosure, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that many modifications and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the present disclosure. Other embodiments obtained from the description of the present disclosure will be obvious to the skilled person. The description and embodiments of that present disclosure are exemplary only.

The words "including", "comprising", "having" and "containing" used in this disclosure are all open terms, that is, they mean including but not limited to.

In the following embodiments, the number of beneficial viable bacteria in Trichoderma is = 2*107 cfu/g, and that in Bacillus subtilis is = 3*107 cfu/g. The Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis are commercially available products, wherein the Trichoderma is Trichoderma harzianum purchased from Shandong Changtai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the Bacillus subtilis is purchased from Jinan Shuangneng Chemical Co., Ltd.

The following descriptions will not be repeated.

Embodiment 1 The feed composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of Astragalus sinicus, 45 parts of rice straw, 25 parts of tofu slag, 1.5 parts of Trichoderma, 1.5 parts of Bacillus sublilis, 12 parts of porous zeolite, 3.5 parts of Acorus gramineus, 6.5 parts of Herba artemisiae annuae, 4 parts of betel nut, 6.5 parts of garlic and 4 parts of Fructus foeniculi. The steps for preparing are as follows: (1) weighing Acorus gramineus, Herba artemisiae annuae, betel nut and Fructus foeniculi, pulverizing and sieving the materials, soaking the resulting powdered composition in 4 times water of its weight for 1.5 h, which is then subjected to boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 4 h and filtering to obtain composition liquid medicine; (2) weighing and crushing garlic, adding 12 times water of its weight to extract for 6 h, performing filter to obtain garlic juice; (3) crushing the porous zeolite (aperture ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 nm) and sieving it through a 50 mesh sieve, mixing the medicinal solution of the composition obtained from step (1) with the garlic juice obtained from step (2), after which the crushed porous zeolite is added to fully adsorb the mixture, followed by natural drying and sintering at 200°C for 1.5 h to obtain the porous zeolite loaded with the Chinese medicine composition; (4) weighing and crushing Astragalus sinicus and rice straw, adding with tofu slag, Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis, mixing the materials evenly and letting it naturally fermenting for 25 days, then mixing the obtained fermentation product with the porous zeolite loaded with the traditional Chinese medicine composition prepared in step (3) evenly to obtain the feed composition.

Embodiment 2 The feed composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of Astragalus sinicus, 40 parts of rice straw, 20 parts of tofu slag, 1 part of Trichoderma, 1 part of Bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of porous zeolite, 2 parts of Acorus gramineus, 5 parts of Herba artemisiae annuae, 3 parts of betel nut, 5 parts of garlic and 3 parts of Fructus foenicufi.

The preparation steps are as follows: (1) weighing Acorus gramineus, Herba artemisiae annuae, betel nut and Fructus foeniculi, pulverizing and sieving the materials, soaking the resulting powdered composition in 3 times water of its weight for 2 h, which is then subjected to boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 3 h and filtering to obtain composition liquid medicine; (2) weighing and crushing garlic, adding 10 times water of its weight to extract for 8 h, performing filter to obtain garlic juice;

(3) crushing the porous zeolite (aperture ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 nm) and sieving it through a 40 mesh sieve, mixing the medicinal solution of the composition obtained from step (1) with the garlic juice obtained from step (2), after which the crushed porous zeolite is added to fully adsorb the mixture, followed by natural drying and sintering at 150°C for 1.5 h to obtain the 5 porous zeolite loaded with the Chinese medicine composition; (4) weighing and crushing Astragalus sinicus and rice straw, adding with tofu slag, Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis, mixing the materials evenly and letting it naturally fermenting for 20 days, then mixing the obtained fermentation product with the porous zeolite loaded with the traditional Chinese medicine composition prepared in step (3) evenly to obtain the feed composition. Embodiment 3 The feed composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of Astragalus sinicus, 50 parts of rice straw, 30 parts of tofu slag, 2.5 parts of Trichoderma, 2.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 15 parts of porous zeolite, 5 parts of Acorus gramineus, 8 parts of Herba artemisiae annuae, 5 parts of betel nut, 8 parts of garlic and 5 parts of Fructus foeniculi.

The steps for preparing are as follows: (1) weighing Acorus gramineus, Herba artemisiae annuae, betel nut and Fructus foeniculi, pulverizing and sieving the materials, soaking the resulting powdered composition in 5 times water of its weight for 1 h, which is then subjected to boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 5 h and filtering to obtain composition liquid medicine; (2) weighing and crushing garlic, adding 15 times water of its weight to extract for 5 h, performing filter to obtain garlic juice; (3) crushing the porous zeolite (aperture ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 nm) and sieving it through a 50 mesh sieve, mixing the medicinal solution of the composition obtained from step (1) with the garlic juice obtained from step (2), after which the crushed porous zeolite is added to fully adsorb the mixture, followed by natural drying and sintering at 250°C for 1 h to obtain the porous zeolite loaded with the Chinese medicine composition; (4) weighing and crushing Astragalus sinicus and rice straw, adding with tofu slag, Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis, mixing the materials evenly and letting it naturally fermenting for 23 days, then mixing the obtained fermentation product with the porous zeolite loaded with the traditional Chinese medicine composition prepared in step (3) evenly to obtain the feed composition.

Embodiment 4 Same as Embodiment 1, except that the porous zeolites are selected in three pore size ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 nm, 0.5 to 0.8 nm, and 0.8 to 1.2 nm, which are composed according to the mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the total mass is the same as that of Embodiment 1.

Embodiment 5 Same as Embodiment 1, except that the garlic juice prepared in step (2) is divided into 2 equal parts, wherein one part is added into step (3) and the other part is added into step (4) to ferment with other ingredients.

Comparative embodiment 1 Same as Embodiment 1, except that Fructus foeniculi is not contained in the raw material. Comparative embodiment 2 The feed composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of Astragalus sinicus, 45 parts of rice straw, 25 parts of tofu slag, 1.5 parts of Trichoderma, 1.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 3.5 parts of Acorus gramineus, 6.5 parts of Herba artemisiae annuae, 4 parts of betel nut, 6.5 parts of garlic and 4 parts of Fructus foeniculi.

The steps for preparing are as follows: (1) weighing Acorus gramineus, Herba artemisiae annuae, betel nut and Fructus foeniculi, pulverizing and sieving the materials, soaking the resulting powdered composition in 4 times water of its weight for 1.5 h, which is then subjected to boiling with strong fire, decocting with slow fire for 4 h and filtering to obtain composition liquid medicine; (2) weighing and crushing garlic, adding 12 times water of its weight to extract for 6 h, performing filter to obtain garlic juice; (3) mixing the composition liquid obtained in step (1) with the garlic juice prepared in step (2) to obtain the Chinese medicine composition. (4) weighing and crushing Astragalus sinicus and rice straw, adding with tofu slag, Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis, mixing the materials evenly and letting it naturally fermenting for 25 days, then mixing the obtained fermentation product with the Chinese medicine composition prepared in step (3) evenly to obtain the feed composition.

Comparative embodiment 3 The feed composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of Astragalus sinicus, 45 parts of rice straw, 25 parts of tofu slag, 1.5 parts of Trichoderma, 1.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis and 12 parts of porous zeolite.

The steps for preparing are as follows:

crushing porous zeolite (aperture ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 nm) and sieving it through 50 mesh sieve, sintering it at 200°C for 1.5 h; weighing and crushing Astragalus sinicus, adding with tofu slag, Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis, mixing them evenly, fermenting them naturally for 25 days, then mixing the fermentation products with the sintered porous zeolite, that is, the feed composition.

The feed compositions prepared in Embodiments 1 - 5 and Comparative embodiments 1 - 3 are applied in the integrated rice - fishery farming experiment carried out in the paddy field of Liannan County, Qingyuan City of Guangdong Province, China.

The paddy fields are arranged with abundant non - pollution water and convenient water intake and drainage, the rice planted in the experiment is Meixiangnian No. 2, and the carp reared is Procypris merus.

Digging ring ditch and soaking paddy field: Widening and raising the ridges, digging a 3 - meter ring ditch along the inner perimeter of the ridge with a depth of 1.2 meters, a width of 5 meters and a slope ratio of 1:3. Each paddy field covers an area of 15 mu (1 mu=0.0667 hectares), and is rectangular and oriented east - west. There is 9 test fields in total named from A to |. Sieve filters of 80 mesh are added to the inlet and outlet of the paddy field to prevent wild fish and fish eggs from entering the pool with the water flow. 15 days before stocking fry, dry disinfection with quicklime is adopted, that is 100 kg of quicklime per mu dissolving in water and splash it on the whole pool.

Before releasing Procypris merus, the feed compositions with an application amount of 300 kg/ mu prepared in Embodiments 1 - 5 and Comparative embodiments 1 - 3 are applied to 8 paddy fields A - H, respectively before rotary ploughing. Test field | is used as the control group, and 300 kg/mu of commercial paddy organic fertilizer is applied to the paddy field before rotary ploughing.

The average planting density of rice is 10,000 plants/mu. After 10 days of rice planting, fry of Procypris merus with length of 3 - 5 cm are released into the fields according to 500 tail/mu. After the releasing, Procypris merus in test fields A - H are applied with the feed compositions prepared in Embodiments 1 - 5 and Comparative embodiments 1 - 3 every day. For | rice fields, commercially available bait for Procypris merus is applied at 10% of the total fish weight.

After releasing, the fields are sprinkled with quicklime water every 15 - 20 days with an amount of 10 - 15 kg/mu every time to keep the water quality in the rice - fishery system good and clean.

The numbers of fish and survival rates after 10 and 20 days of fry placement in each plot are counted and figured respectively in Table 1: Table 1 Tew Ta [BCD EFS WT [ods | sto [e727 ees ots | ws | 785 | Tar | ez |

Survival Statistics of rice and fish yields in different areas are shown in Table 2: Table 2 CE [es er CE ew we ee It can be seen from Table 1 that the survival rate of directly placed fry with smaller sizes is higher by applying with the feed composition prepared in the present disclosure, which is due to the fact that the Chinese medicine components added in the feed composition can cooperate to improve the resistance of the fry themselves, thus making them easier to survive in the integrated rice - fishery farming system.

From Table 2, it can be seen that the feed composition prepared by the present invention is applied as a base fertilizer for rice fields and fed as feed to the carp, which can substantially increase the yield of both rice and carp. It can also be seen from Table 2 that the feed composition is more effective when porous zeolite is added, and the best effect is achieved when porous zeolite of three pore size ranges is added, which is due to that the porous zeolite loaded with traditional Chinese medicine composition can improve the self - resistance of fish; besides, porous zeolite can help to slow the releasing of the traditional Chinese medicine composition, so as to provide a lasting drug effect; further, porous zeolite of three pore size ranges contribute to rather uniform releasing of effective components by providing different releasing speed caused by different pore sizes, the releasing time is therefore further prolonged, and the traditional Chinese medicine composition can deliver a better performance.

From Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that garlic juice added during the fermentation process can enhance the effect of the final feed composition, which is due to the fact that the Allicin, Allitride and Garlic glycoside contained in garlic juice can promote the microorganisms to ferment better and produce more beneficial products; it can also be concluded that the effect is better when Fructus foeniculi is added to the feed composition, which is because Fructus foeniculi can improve the palatability of the feed and increase the intake of the feed by fish.

What has been described above is only preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

Any equivalent substitution or change made by any person skilled in the art according to the technical solution of the present disclosure and its inventive idea within the technical scope disclosed herein shall be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

CONCLUSIONS

1. A food composition, characterized in that the composition contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 - 30 parts Astragalus sinicus, 40 - 50 parts rice straw, 20 - 30 parts tofu snails, 2 - 5 parts microbial preparation, 10 - 15 parts porous zeolite, 2 - 5 parts Acorus gramineus, 5 - 8 parts Herba artemisiae annuae, 3 - 5 parts betel nut, 5 -8 parts garlic and 3 - 5 parts Fructus foenicull.

The food composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the microbial preparation is composed of Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis in a weight ratio of 1:1.

The food composition according to claim 2, characterized in that the number of useful viable Trichoderma bacteria = 2 * 10 7 cfu/g, and the number of useful viable Bacillus subtilis bacteria = 3 * 10 7 cfu/g.

A method for preparing the food composition according to any one of claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: - weighing Acorus gramineus, Herba artemisiae annuae, betel nut and Fructus foeniculi, making powder and sieving, adding water to soak the sieved powdery therein, subjecting the whole to decoction and filtration to obtain medicinal liquid; — weighing and crushing garlic, extracting the crushed garlic with water, and filtering to obtain garlic juice; — mixing the medicinal liquid and garlic juice, then adding the powdered porous zeolite to the mixture to obtain porous zeolite loaded with the traditional Chinese medicinal composition; — weighing and grinding Astragalus sinicus and rice straw, mixing the crushed material with tofu slag and the microbial preparation, conducting fermentation, and mixing the obtained fermented product with the porous zeolite loaded with traditional Chinese medicine composition to obtain the food composition.

The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that the amount of water added in the powder composition is 3-5 times the weight of the powder composition, and the soaking time is 1-2 hours.

The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that the decoction is first performed with a high degree of heating, followed by slow decoction at low heating.

The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that the amount of water added after crushing the garlic is 10-15 times the weight of the garlic.

The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that the fermentation time is 20-25 days.

An use of the food composition according to any one of claims 1-3 in integrated rice - fish farming.