CN103058742B - Natural plant fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Natural plant fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103058742B CN103058742B CN201310035752.7A CN201310035752A CN103058742B CN 103058742 B CN103058742 B CN 103058742B CN 201310035752 A CN201310035752 A CN 201310035752A CN 103058742 B CN103058742 B CN 103058742B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fertilizer
- fruit
- parts
- fermentation
- fermentation vat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a natural plant fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of lacquer tree fruit, 7.5-10 parts of soapberry fruit, 12.5-20 parts of wild jujube fruit, 30-60 parts of cake-shaped rape seed dregs, 30-60 parts of tung oil cake, 20-40 parts of phosphorus fertilizer and 95-180 parts of or 4000-4500 parts of liquid dung of people and livestock. With the adoption of the fertilizer, the chemical fertilizer can be replaced or the dosage of the chemical fertilizer can be reduced, crops can grow lushly, and the yield of the crops can be greatly increased; and in addition, the fertilizer further has the advantages that the fertilizer effective period is long, the soil does not generate harden phenomenon and the side and toxic effects are avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural fertilizer, particularly a kind of natural plants fertilizer and preparation method.
Background technology
Chemical fertilizer is called for short chemical fertilizer, is the fertilizer of the nutritive element that contains one or more crop growth needs manually made with chemistry or physical method.China is that a populous national grain-production occupies important position in the development of agriculture production, and chemical fertilizer is that agriculture production is the most basic and be that most important material drops into.
In agriculture production, chemical fertilizer is nutrition, but the negative impact of chemical fertilizer also can not be ignored:
1. heavy metal and poisonous element increase to some extent, the long-term excessive chemical fertilizer that scientifically do not use that is directly detrimental to health makes crop alimentary overbalance, quality of agricultural product reduces, and the material nitric acid content harmful to the mankind increases, and the useful material VITAMIN of human body and water-soluble sugar part are reduced.
2. microorganism active reduces, and material is difficult to transform and degraded.
3. the pollution of chemical fertilizer to soil
In chemical fertilizer, all contain a large amount of heavy metals and poisonous element, enter after soil and be difficult to absorbed by farm crop or transform, thereby cause soil to be polluted by heavy metal.These harmful elements will cause murder by poisoning to crop, and if things go on like this, the heavy metal element in soil more and more enrichment cannot be grown affected thing.
4. chemical fertilizer causes that soil acidity changes
Long-term application chemical fertilizer, particularly uses a kind of chemical fertilizer, can accelerate the acidifying of soil.Soil acidification can cause toxic substance to increase, and causes the poor hemorrhoid of soil, and crop growth is greatly affected.
5. using of chemical fertilizer causes soil compaction, nutrient imbalance, nitrates accumulation
The excessive use of chemical fertilizer, a large amount of NH
4 ten, K
+ca with soil colloid absorption
2+, Mg
2+exchange Deng positively charged ion, make Soil structure destroyed, cause soil compaction.Use in a large number chemical fertilizer, cause the soil organism to decline, chemical fertilizer cannot compensate organic shortage, has further affected the existence of soil microorganisms, and has reduced fertilizer efficiency.
6. aggravation environmental pollution
When the fertilizer amount of too much using exceedes the hold facility of soil, will flow in water around, cause body eutrophication, cause algae to grow, then destroy water surrounding.In addition, excessive fertilizer can infiltrate 20 meters with in interior shallow ground water, and Nitrate content in ground water is increased.
7. a large amount of money in short supply of waste
8. weaken crops throughput
The excessive result that crops is worked the mischief of applying fertilizer mainly contains: easily lodge and make grain drop in production; Easily there is disease and pest, weaken crops resistant to diseases and insects, if increase the pesticide dosage destroying plant diseases and insect pests, will directly threaten the security of food.
Because the fertilizer efficiency of chemical fertilizer is generally 40 days, its side effect is: use for a long time, can cause soil to harden, character changes, and crop growth there will be morbid state, and seedling there will be Huang Ye, therefore, replace chemical fertilizer with natural plants, or reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizer, current vast rural area problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of natural plants fertilizer and preparation method, this fertilizer can replace chemical fertilizer, or the consumption of minimizing chemical fertilizer, make Grain Growth Situation luxuriant, can greatly increase the output of farm crop, and also have fertilizer efficiency period long, the soil phenomenon that can not harden, does not have the advantage of toxic side effect.
Technical solutions according to the invention are:
Natural plants fertilizer, this fertilizer consisting of by weight:
Lacquer tree fruit 40-60 part;
Seed of Chinese Soapberry fruit 7.5-10 part;
Wild jujube fruit 12.5-20 part;
Cake-shaped rape seed dregs 30-60 part;
The withered 30-60 part of paulownia;
Phosphorus fertilizer 20-40 part;
People and animals' liquid dung is 95-180 or 4000-4500 part.
The optimal technical scheme of natural plants fertilizer of the present invention is, consisting of of fertilizer by weight:
Lacquer tree fruit 50-55 part;
Seed of Chinese Soapberry fruit 8-9 part;
Wild jujube fruit 15-18 part;
Cake-shaped rape seed dregs 40-50 part;
The withered 40-50 part of paulownia;
Phosphorus fertilizer 25-35 part;
People and animals' liquid dung is 95-180 or 4000-4500 part.
Described phosphorus fertilizer is calcium superphosphate.
The preparation method of natural plants fertilizer (liquid manure), is characterized in that, gets its each material according to said ratio, adopts water mixed fermentation, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) lacquer tree fruit is pulverized, in pot, added water logging and live the raw lacquer seeds of trees, boil, in boiling water, boil 20 minutes, pour fermentation vat into;
2) Seed of Chinese Soapberry fruit is smashed to pieces, pours fermentation vat into;
3) wild jujube fruit is smashed to pieces, pours fermentation vat into;
4) cake-shaped rape seed dregs, pulverizes, and pours fermentation vat into;
5) paulownia is withered, pulverizes, and pours fermentation vat into;
6) phosphorus fertilizer, pours fermentation vat into;
7) in fermentation vat, add people and animals' liquid dung 4000-4500 part, soaking fermentation 15 days-30 days, forms liquid manure, for base fertilizer or topdress.
The preparation method of natural plants fertilizer (dried human and animal excreta),, get its each material according to said ratio, adopt dry blending fermentation, concrete steps are as follows:
1) get lacquer tree fruit, pulverize;
2) Seed of Chinese Soapberry fruit, smashs to pieces;
3) wild jujube fruit, smashs to pieces;
4) cake-shaped rape seed dregs, pulverizes;
5) paulownia is withered, pulverizes;
6) phosphorus fertilizer;
7) by above-mentioned mixing of materials, add 95-180 part people and animals liquid dung, mix, build into compost fermentation 3-4 days;
8) open compost, spread into thickness 10-15 centimetre out and continue fermentation 30-60 days, form dried human and animal excreta, for base fertilizer or topdress.
Wild jujube described in the present invention has another name called sour jujube, sour jujube, wild jujube, mountain jujube, Pueraria lobota pin etc., from ancient times wild in China.Fruit is circular or oblate, oval etc., pericarp redness or red-purple, and pulp is thinner, loose, sweet and sour.The nutritive value of wild jujube is very high, also has pharmaceutical use.
Seed of Chinese Soapberry (formal name used at school: Sapindus), Compendium of Materia Medica is called wood and suffers from son, and Sichuan claims oil to suffer from son, and Hainan Island claims the bitter tree that suffers from, and Taiwan has another name called yellow order, is also called as You Luoshu, wash one's hands fruit, soap fruit tree.Seed of Chinese Soapberry and lichee belong to Sapindaceae together, elsewhere name with longan: rub order, false longan, Devil Frown etc. with the hands.Can exorcise a demon and kill ghost with the wooden stick of making without the timber of suffering from tree according to legend, therefore nothing by name is suffered from.Latin formal name used at school Sapindus is the abbreviation of soap indicus, and the meaning is " soap of India ", can be used for cleaning, and be one of the main sanitising agent in ancient times.Approximately there are 13 kinds, are distributed in Asia, America and Oceania.China is originated on the south the Yangtze valley.The fruit of natural phant Seed of Chinese Soapberry tree, by artificial solarization system, peeling, the pure pericarp then obtaining.Its effective ingredient--saponin(e be can directly be used for extracting, natural nuisance-free cleaning supplies--Seed of Chinese Soapberry soap breast, Sapindus handmade soap etc. manufactured.Seed of Chinese Soapberry kind benevolence oleaginousness is high, is used for extracting grease, manufactures natural lubricating oil; Seed of Chinese Soapberry kind benevolence is extracted grease, can be used to manufacture biofuel.
Sumach Anacardiaceae, deciduous tree, up to 20 meters, has milk.China lacquer tree is widely distributed, substantially 25 °～42 ° of north latitude, and the mountain area between 95 °～125 ° of east longitudes.Qin bar mountain region and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau are the lacquer tree concentrated area that distributes.The output of Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou San Sheng is maximum, and Fujian is the famous lacquerware of China producing region.Lacquer tree is that the important spy of China uses economic forest.Lacquer tree is natural resin coating, have the good reputation of " king of coating ".The desirable wax of lacquer tree, seed can extract oil, and timber is solid, and growth rapidly, is natural paint, oil plant and timber dual-purpose seeds.
Cake-shaped rape seed dregs---remaining caked dregs after Semen Brassicae campestris oil expression, can be used as fertilizer.
The withered paulownia bran that has another name called of paulownia, tung seed cake, is a kind of nitrogenous (2-7%), phosphorous (1-3%), containing " green " fertilizer of potassium (1-2%) and various trace elements.Also contain the compositions such as a large amount of organic matters (75-80%), protein, residue grease and VITAMIN.Its fertile part is dense, nutritious, is the organic fertilizer of high-quality.
What raw material of the present invention adopted is pure natural plants by withered to lacquer tree fruit, Seed of Chinese Soapberry fruit, wild jujube fruit, cake-shaped rape seed dregs, paulownia, be beneficial to crops growth and to soil without any harm, simultaneously people and animals' liquid dung be also beneficial to crops growth and to soil without any harm, therefore use natural plants fertilizer of the present invention can greatly strengthen crops throughput, can not be detrimental to health, pollution-free, can not cause that soil acidity changes shadow.
Applicant shows by experiment, adopts fertilizer of the present invention, can make Grain Growth Situation luxuriant, and bar is thick, seedling is strong, without yellow leaf phenomenon, can greatly increase the output of farm crop.The fertilizer efficiency phase of the present invention is long, and its fertilizer efficiency can extend 2-3 month, and the crops of the second season can also be benefited; Soil can not harden, and there is no toxic side effect.
Weight part of the present invention is gram, kilogram.
Lacquer tree fruit of the present invention, Seed of Chinese Soapberry fruit, wild jujube fruit, cake-shaped rape seed dregs, paulownia be withered be commercial.
Phosphate fertilizer of the present invention is the calcium superphosphate that commercially available phosphorus content is 14-18%.
People and animals' liquid dung of the present invention is taken from lavatory or septic tank.
Embodiment
The each material of natural plants fertilizer of the present invention (except people and animals' rich water) proportioning is as described in Table 1:
Table 1 unit: kilogram
The preparation method of natural plants fertilizer (liquid manure), gets its each material according to table 1, adopts water mixed fermentation, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) lacquer tree fruit is pulverized to (pulverizing, no matter granular size), put into pot, in pot, add water logging and live lacquer tree fruit, boil, in boiling water, boil 20 minutes, pour fermentation vat into;
2) Seed of Chinese Soapberry fruit is smashed (smashing to pieces, no matter granular size) to pieces, pours fermentation vat into;
3) wild jujube fruit is smashed (smashing to pieces, no matter granular size) to pieces, pours fermentation vat into;
4) cake-shaped rape seed dregs, pulverizes (pulverizing, no matter granular size), pours fermentation vat into;
5) paulownia is withered, pulverizes (pulverizing, no matter granular size), pours fermentation vat into;
6) phosphorus fertilizer (phosphate fertilizer of the present embodiment adopts the Yichang calcium superphosphate that all Xinghua Chemical Co., Ltd. produces), pours fermentation vat into;
7) in fermentation vat, add people and animals' liquid dung 4000-4500 kilogram, soaking fermentation 15 days-30 days, forms liquid manure, can be used for base fertilizer or topdresses.When fertilising, according to the consumption of normal farm manure and method fertilising.
The preparation method of natural plants fertilizer (dried human and animal excreta), gets its each material according to table 1 proportioning, adopts dry blending fermentation, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) get lacquer tree fruit, pulverize (pulverizing, no matter granular size);
2) Seed of Chinese Soapberry fruit, smashs (smashing to pieces, no matter granular size) to pieces;
3) wild jujube fruit, smashs (smashing to pieces, no matter granular size) to pieces;
4) cake-shaped rape seed dregs, pulverizes (pulverizing, no matter granular size);
5) paulownia is withered, pulverizes (pulverizing, no matter granular size);
6) phosphorus fertilizer (phosphate fertilizer of the present embodiment adopts the Yichang calcium superphosphate that all Xinghua Chemical Co., Ltd. produces);
7) by above-mentioned mixing of materials, add 95-180 kilogram of people and animals' liquid dung, mix, build into compost fermentation 3-4 days;
8) open compost, spread into thickness 10-15 centimetre out and continue fermentation 30-60 days, form dried human and animal excreta, for base fertilizer or topdress.When fertilising, according to the consumption of normal farm manure and method fertilising.
The natural plants fertilizer of the present invention laboratory report that affiliated Wuxi County agricultural technology service center provides under the People's Government of Wuxi County, Chongqing City, its result is as described in Table 2:
Table 2
Remarks: experiment place is in Ning Qiao village, Xia Bao town, Wuxi County, Chongqing City, and applicant is adjacent with contrast people's plot.
Conclusion: with the same kind farm crop comparison of using chemical fertilizer, adopt the existing morbid state of crop growth of chemical fertilizer, yellow leaf appears in seedling, and corn kernel is misaligned, and output is lower; Adopt fertilizer of the present invention, Grain Growth Situation is luxuriant, and bar is thick, seedling is strong, and without yellow leaf, fertilizer efficiency period is long, and corn kernel is full, marshalling, and output is higher, has greatly increased the output of farm crop.
Claims (4)
1. a natural plants fertilizer, is characterized in that, this fertilizer consisting of by weight:
Lacquer tree fruit 40-60 part;
Seed of Chinese Soapberry fruit 7.5-10 part;
Wild jujube fruit 12.5-20 part;
Cake-shaped rape seed dregs 30-60 part;
The withered 30-60 part of paulownia;
Calcium superphosphate 20-40 part;
People and animals' liquid dung is 95-180 or 4000-4500 part.
2. natural plants fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the consisting of of described fertilizer by weight:
Lacquer tree fruit 50-55 part;
Seed of Chinese Soapberry fruit 8-9 part;
Wild jujube fruit 15-18 part;
Cake-shaped rape seed dregs 40-50 part;
The withered 40-50 part of paulownia;
Calcium superphosphate 25-35 part;
People and animals' liquid dung is 95-180 or 4000-4500 part.
3. a preparation method for natural plants fertilizer, is characterized in that, gets its each material according to the proportioning described in claim 1 or 2, adopts water mixed fermentation, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) lacquer tree fruit is pulverized, in pot, added water logging and live lacquer tree fruit, boil, in boiling water, boil 20 minutes, pour fermentation vat into;
2) Seed of Chinese Soapberry fruit is smashed to pieces, pours fermentation vat into;
3) wild jujube fruit is smashed to pieces, pours fermentation vat into;
4) cake-shaped rape seed dregs, pulverizes, and pours fermentation vat into;
5) paulownia is withered, pulverizes, and pours fermentation vat into;
6) calcium superphosphate, pours fermentation vat into;
7) in fermentation vat, add people and animals' liquid dung 4000-4500 part, soaking fermentation 15 days-30 days, forms liquid manure.
4. a preparation method for natural plants fertilizer, is characterized in that, gets its each material according to the proportioning described in claim 1 or 2, adopts dry blending fermentation, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) get lacquer tree fruit, pulverize;
2) Seed of Chinese Soapberry fruit, smashs to pieces;
3) wild jujube fruit, smashs to pieces;
4) cake-shaped rape seed dregs, pulverizes;
5) paulownia is withered, pulverizes;
6) calcium superphosphate;
7) by above-mentioned mixing of materials, add 95-180 part people and animals liquid dung, mix, build into compost fermentation 3-4 days;
8) open compost, spread into thickness 10-15 centimetre out and continue fermentation 30-60 days, form dried human and animal excreta.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310035752.7A CN103058742B (en) | 2013-01-30 | 2013-01-30 | Natural plant fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310035752.7A CN103058742B (en) | 2013-01-30 | 2013-01-30 | Natural plant fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103058742A CN103058742A (en) | 2013-04-24 |
| CN103058742B true CN103058742B (en) | 2014-06-18 |
Family
ID=48101677
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310035752.7A Active CN103058742B (en) | 2013-01-30 | 2013-01-30 | Natural plant fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103058742B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103242107A (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-08-14 | 常熟市润丰农业有限公司 | Straw rotten organic sterilizing/weeding compound fertilizer |
| CN103265376B (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2015-09-09 | 苏州禾润农业科技有限公司 | The nuisanceless bactericidal and herbicidal Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of one kind of plant |
| CN104355823A (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2015-02-18 | 哈尔滨市海江科技开发有限公司 | Compound organic fertilizer for foliage type potted plant and preparation method of fertilizer |
| CN105152695A (en) * | 2015-10-01 | 2015-12-16 | 王振宇 | Biological fertilizer for increasing content of effective components of eucommia ulmoides and preparation method of biological fertilizer |
| WO2019049164A1 (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-14 | Patel Yogesh Ganpatbhai | Method of using soapnuts extract as organic fertilizer |
| CN108530158A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2018-09-14 | 金华市泽雨园艺技术有限公司 | Fertilizer for the wooden indoor culture in thousand |
| CN109232127A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-01-18 | 河北省农林科学院遗传生理研究所（河北省农林科学院农产品质量安全研究中心） | A kind of Zizyphus Spinosa Hu Flesh organic fertilizer and its preparation method and application |
| CN112521210A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-03-19 | 芷江乐甜甜茶科技有限公司 | Organic fertilizer with lithocarpus litseifolius waste residues as raw materials and preparation method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101108780A (en) * | 2006-07-18 | 2008-01-23 | 郭以强 | Biological pesticide.foliage fertilizer |
| CN101550038A (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2009-10-07 | 秦祖模 | Foliar fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN102001896A (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2011-04-06 | 浙江农林大学 | Biological organic fertilizer for rice-duck farming and production method thereof |
-
2013
- 2013-01-30 CN CN201310035752.7A patent/CN103058742B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101108780A (en) * | 2006-07-18 | 2008-01-23 | 郭以强 | Biological pesticide.foliage fertilizer |
| CN101550038A (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2009-10-07 | 秦祖模 | Foliar fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN102001896A (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2011-04-06 | 浙江农林大学 | Biological organic fertilizer for rice-duck farming and production method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103058742A (en) | 2013-04-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103058742B (en) | Natural plant fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103274773B (en) | Bio-organic fertilizer with straw powder as main material, and preparation method thereof | |
| CN104016813A (en) | Ecological pesticide-added fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101898916B (en) | Water soluble organic fertilizer | |
| CN105110894A (en) | Multi-functional biological organic bacterial fertilizer and production method therefor | |
| CN102358710A (en) | Ecological fertilizer, preparation method, and application of ecological fertilizer in agricultural or forestry production | |
| CN106613488A (en) | Seedling growing feeding block and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105272705A (en) | Fertilizer special for clausena dentate tree and production method thereof | |
| CN105001010B (en) | A kind of flue-cured tobacco biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107445769A (en) | A kind of tealeaves ecological fertilizer special | |
| CN104072305A (en) | Special bamboo charcoal bio-organic fertilizer for dendrobe and production method for bamboo charcoal bio-organic fertilizer | |
| CN103274802B (en) | Bio-organic fertilizer with rice bran as main material, and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103274872B (en) | A kind of take shrimp shell meal as biological organic fertilizer of major ingredient and preparation method thereof | |
| CN105819970A (en) | Seaweed pesticide fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102010238A (en) | Biological organic pesticide and fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102150533A (en) | Selenium-rich cauliflower and production method thereof | |
| CN104649820A (en) | Preparation method of special fertilizer for jackfruit | |
| CN102584429A (en) | High-concentration ecological compound fertilizer, preparation method and application in agricultural and forestry production | |
| CN103274807B (en) | Bio-organic fertilizer with tofukasu as main material, and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103524192B (en) | Formula and preparing method of base fertilizer and leaf fertilizer for increasing apple production | |
| CN107641010A (en) | A kind of Rice Ecology special fertilizer | |
| CN105859378A (en) | Biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107141158A (en) | A kind of potato plantation insect prevention Weeding fertilizer and preparation method | |
| CN106613215A (en) | Planting method for selenium-enriched corn | |
| CN103274804B (en) | Bio-organic fertilizer with plant ash as main material, and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |