MXPA02007357A - Baterias de azufre-litio, electrolito liquido. - Google Patents

Baterias de azufre-litio, electrolito liquido.

Info

Publication number
MXPA02007357A
MXPA02007357A MXPA02007357A MXPA02007357A MXPA02007357A MX PA02007357 A MXPA02007357 A MX PA02007357A MX PA02007357 A MXPA02007357 A MX PA02007357A MX PA02007357 A MXPA02007357 A MX PA02007357A MX PA02007357 A MXPA02007357 A MX PA02007357A
Authority
MX
Mexico
Prior art keywords
liquid electrolyte
lithium sulfur
electrolyte lithium
sulfur batteries
batteries
Prior art date
Application number
MXPA02007357A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Steven J Visco
Original Assignee
Polyplus Battery Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Polyplus Battery Co Inc filed Critical Polyplus Battery Co Inc
Publication of MXPA02007357A publication Critical patent/MXPA02007357A/es

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/16Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
    • H01M6/162Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
    • H01M6/166Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by the solute
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/04Cells with aqueous electrolyte
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C227/00Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
    • C07C227/30Preparation of optical isomers
    • C07C227/32Preparation of optical isomers by stereospecific synthesis
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/054Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0568Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0569Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402Methods of deposition of the material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0409Methods of deposition of the material by a doctor blade method, slip-casting or roller coating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0414Methods of deposition of the material by screen printing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0416Methods of deposition of the material involving impregnation with a solution, dispersion, paste or dry powder
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0419Methods of deposition of the material involving spraying
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/043Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
    • H01M4/0433Molding
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/381Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
    • H01M4/382Lithium
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/581Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/581Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
    • H01M4/5815Sulfides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/626Metals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/16Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
    • H01M6/162Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/16Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
    • H01M6/162Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
    • H01M6/164Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by the solvent
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • H01M10/39Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/36Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
    • H01M10/39Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
    • H01M10/3909Sodium-sulfur cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/028Positive electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025Organic electrolyte
    • H01M2300/0028Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
    • H01M2300/0037Mixture of solvents
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065Solid electrolytes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0085Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/60Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621Binders
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625Carbon or graphite
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/46Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/16Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
    • H01M6/162Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
    • H01M6/168Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by additives
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/18Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/18Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
    • H01M6/181Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte with polymeric electrolytes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/14Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M6/18Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
    • H01M6/188Processes of manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/40Printed batteries, e.g. thin film batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)
MXPA02007357A 2000-02-01 2001-01-29 Baterias de azufre-litio, electrolito liquido. MXPA02007357A (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/495,639 US6358643B1 (en) 1994-11-23 2000-02-01 Liquid electrolyte lithium-sulfur batteries
PCT/US2001/002909 WO2001057943A1 (en) 2000-02-01 2001-01-29 Liquid electrolyte lithium-sulfur batteries

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
MXPA02007357A true MXPA02007357A (es) 2003-10-14

Family

ID=23969410

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
MXPA02007357A MXPA02007357A (es) 2000-02-01 2001-01-29 Baterias de azufre-litio, electrolito liquido.

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US6358643B1 (es)
EP (1) EP1256137A4 (es)
JP (1) JP2003522383A (es)
KR (1) KR20020077674A (es)
CN (1) CN1423843A (es)
AU (1) AU782809B2 (es)
BR (1) BR0107974A (es)
CA (1) CA2399591A1 (es)
MX (1) MXPA02007357A (es)
WO (1) WO2001057943A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (110)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6537701B1 (en) * 1998-09-03 2003-03-25 Polyplus Battery Company, Inc. Coated lithium electrodes
US6955866B2 (en) * 1998-09-03 2005-10-18 Polyplus Battery Company Coated lithium electrodes
US6632573B1 (en) * 2001-02-20 2003-10-14 Polyplus Battery Company Electrolytes with strong oxidizing additives for lithium/sulfur batteries
US7241535B2 (en) * 2001-10-15 2007-07-10 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Electrolyte for lithium-sulfur batteries and lithium-sulfur batteries comprising the same
KR100396492B1 (ko) * 2001-10-17 2003-09-02 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 리튬-황 전지용 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 양극활물질 조성물의 제조 방법
KR100436712B1 (ko) * 2001-12-19 2004-06-22 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 캐소드 전극, 그 제조방법 및 이를 채용한 리튬 전지
US6911280B1 (en) * 2001-12-21 2005-06-28 Polyplus Battery Company Chemical protection of a lithium surface
CN100370641C (zh) 2001-12-21 2008-02-20 三洋电机株式会社 非水电解质二次电池
KR20030063060A (ko) * 2002-01-22 2003-07-28 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 리튬-황 전지용 양극
KR100445434B1 (ko) * 2002-07-10 2004-08-21 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 리튬-황 전지용 양극 활물질 조성물 및 이를 사용하여제조된 리튬-황 전지
US7645543B2 (en) 2002-10-15 2010-01-12 Polyplus Battery Company Active metal/aqueous electrochemical cells and systems
US7282296B2 (en) * 2002-10-15 2007-10-16 Polyplus Battery Company Ionically conductive composites for protection of active metal anodes
US7282302B2 (en) 2002-10-15 2007-10-16 Polyplus Battery Company Ionically conductive composites for protection of active metal anodes
US7390591B2 (en) 2002-10-15 2008-06-24 Polyplus Battery Company Ionically conductive membranes for protection of active metal anodes and battery cells
US20080057386A1 (en) 2002-10-15 2008-03-06 Polyplus Battery Company Ionically conductive membranes for protection of active metal anodes and battery cells
KR100477751B1 (ko) * 2002-11-16 2005-03-21 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 비수계 전해액 및 이를 채용한 리튬 전지
US20040253510A1 (en) * 2003-06-04 2004-12-16 Polyplus Battery Company Aliovalent protective layers for active metal anodes
US7482096B2 (en) * 2003-06-04 2009-01-27 Polyplus Battery Company Alleviation of voltage delay in lithium-liquid depolarizer/electrolyte solvent battery cells
US7491458B2 (en) * 2003-11-10 2009-02-17 Polyplus Battery Company Active metal fuel cells
US7608178B2 (en) * 2003-11-10 2009-10-27 Polyplus Battery Company Active metal electrolyzer
JP2005166536A (ja) * 2003-12-04 2005-06-23 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 非水電解質二次電池
US10297827B2 (en) 2004-01-06 2019-05-21 Sion Power Corporation Electrochemical cell, components thereof, and methods of making and using same
US7358012B2 (en) 2004-01-06 2008-04-15 Sion Power Corporation Electrolytes for lithium sulfur cells
US10629947B2 (en) * 2008-08-05 2020-04-21 Sion Power Corporation Electrochemical cell
US8828610B2 (en) 2004-01-06 2014-09-09 Sion Power Corporation Electrolytes for lithium sulfur cells
US9368775B2 (en) 2004-02-06 2016-06-14 Polyplus Battery Company Protected lithium electrodes having porous ceramic separators, including an integrated structure of porous and dense Li ion conducting garnet solid electrolyte layers
US7282295B2 (en) * 2004-02-06 2007-10-16 Polyplus Battery Company Protected active metal electrode and battery cell structures with non-aqueous interlayer architecture
KR100560492B1 (ko) * 2004-02-25 2006-03-13 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 전류 집전체 및 이를 포함하는리튬 이차 전지
US20060083986A1 (en) * 2004-03-16 2006-04-20 Wen Li Battery with tin-based negative electrode materials
US20060024579A1 (en) 2004-07-27 2006-02-02 Vladimir Kolosnitsyn Battery electrode structure and method for manufacture thereof
JP5466364B2 (ja) * 2004-12-02 2014-04-09 オクシス・エナジー・リミテッド リチウム・硫黄電池用電解質及びこれを使用するリチウム・硫黄電池
JP5651284B2 (ja) * 2005-01-18 2015-01-07 オクシス・エナジー・リミテッド リチウム−硫黄電池
WO2006088861A2 (en) * 2005-02-14 2006-08-24 Polyplus Battery Company Intercalation anode protection for cells with dissolved lithium polysulfides
EP1941568A1 (en) * 2005-09-26 2008-07-09 Oxis Energy Limited Lithium-sulphur battery with high specific energy
US8652692B2 (en) * 2005-11-23 2014-02-18 Polyplus Battery Company Li/Air non-aqueous batteries
US8182943B2 (en) 2005-12-19 2012-05-22 Polyplus Battery Company Composite solid electrolyte for protection of active metal anodes
GB0615870D0 (en) * 2006-08-10 2006-09-20 Oxis Energy Ltd An electrolyte for batteries with a metal lithium electrode
WO2008133642A2 (en) * 2006-10-13 2008-11-06 Ceramatec, Inc. Advanced metal-air battery having a ceramic membrane electrolyte
TWI463713B (zh) 2006-11-09 2014-12-01 Nanosys Inc 用於奈米導線對準及沈積的方法
US8389147B2 (en) 2008-06-16 2013-03-05 Polyplus Battery Company Hydrogels for aqueous lithium/air battery cells
US8771879B2 (en) * 2007-09-05 2014-07-08 Ceramatec, Inc. Lithium—sulfur battery with a substantially non-porous lisicon membrane and porous lisicon layer
US20110076560A1 (en) 2009-08-28 2011-03-31 Sion Power Corporation Electrochemical cells comprising porous structures comprising sulfur
US8012621B2 (en) * 2007-11-26 2011-09-06 Ceramatec, Inc. Nickel-metal hydride battery using alkali ion conducting separator
US9209445B2 (en) 2007-11-26 2015-12-08 Ceramatec, Inc. Nickel-metal hydride/hydrogen hybrid battery using alkali ion conducting separator
CA2705270C (en) * 2007-11-27 2016-07-26 Ceramatec, Inc. Process for recovering alkali metals and sulfur from alkali metal sulfides and polysulfides
WO2009070600A2 (en) 2007-11-27 2009-06-04 Ceramatec, Inc. Substantially solid, flexible electrolyte for alkili-metal-ion batteries
CN101939862B (zh) 2008-01-08 2014-03-12 赛昂能源有限公司 多孔电极以及相关联的方法
US10320033B2 (en) 2008-01-30 2019-06-11 Enlighten Innovations Inc. Alkali metal ion battery using alkali metal conductive ceramic separator
US20090189567A1 (en) * 2008-01-30 2009-07-30 Joshi Ashok V Zinc Anode Battery Using Alkali Ion Conducting Separator
US20160111715A9 (en) * 2008-06-20 2016-04-21 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Electrode material with core-shell structure
DE102008031437A1 (de) 2008-07-04 2010-01-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Mobiler Energieträger und Energiespeicher
US8323817B2 (en) * 2008-09-12 2012-12-04 Ceramatec, Inc. Alkali metal seawater battery
US9475998B2 (en) 2008-10-09 2016-10-25 Ceramatec, Inc. Process for recovering alkali metals and sulfur from alkali metal sulfides and polysulfides
EP2409354A4 (en) * 2009-03-16 2012-06-13 Ceramatec Inc SODIUM SUCTION BATTERY WITH A SUBSTANTIALLY UNPOROUS MEMBRANE AND REINFORCED CATHODIC USE
EP2409349A4 (en) * 2009-03-19 2013-05-01 Sion Power Corp CATHODE FOR LITHIUM BATTERY
JP2012528020A (ja) 2009-05-26 2012-11-12 ナノシス・インク. ナノワイヤおよび他のデバイスの電場沈着のための方法およびシステム
US20110206992A1 (en) * 2009-08-28 2011-08-25 Sion Power Corporation Porous structures for energy storage devices
CA2770733C (en) 2009-11-05 2018-10-16 Ceramatec, Inc. Solid-state sodium-based secondary cell having a sodium ion conductive ceramic separator
US8758914B2 (en) * 2010-06-18 2014-06-24 Polyplus Battery Company Li-Ion/polysulfide flow battery
WO2012016800A1 (de) * 2010-08-03 2012-02-09 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrochemische zelle und akkumulator mit mehreren dieser
US8771855B2 (en) 2010-08-11 2014-07-08 Ceramatec, Inc. Alkali metal aqueous battery
KR20130105838A (ko) 2010-08-24 2013-09-26 바스프 에스이 전기화학 셀용 전해질 물질
KR101940337B1 (ko) 2010-12-01 2019-01-18 필드 업그레이딩 유에스에이, 인코포레이티드 중온 나트륨 배터리
EP2691338A4 (en) * 2011-03-31 2014-10-15 Basf Se PARTICULAR POROUS CARBON MATERIAL AND ITS USE IN LITHIUM CELLS
US8735002B2 (en) 2011-09-07 2014-05-27 Sion Power Corporation Lithium sulfur electrochemical cell including insoluble nitrogen-containing compound
EP2721665B1 (en) 2011-06-17 2021-10-27 Sion Power Corporation Plating technique for electrode
US9660311B2 (en) 2011-08-19 2017-05-23 Polyplus Battery Company Aqueous lithium air batteries
CN103947027B (zh) 2011-10-13 2016-12-21 赛昂能源有限公司 电极结构及其制造方法
US8828575B2 (en) 2011-11-15 2014-09-09 PolyPlus Batter Company Aqueous electrolyte lithium sulfur batteries
US8828574B2 (en) 2011-11-15 2014-09-09 Polyplus Battery Company Electrolyte compositions for aqueous electrolyte lithium sulfur batteries
US8828573B2 (en) 2011-11-15 2014-09-09 Polyplus Battery Company Electrode structures for aqueous electrolyte lithium sulfur batteries
US9660265B2 (en) 2011-11-15 2017-05-23 Polyplus Battery Company Lithium sulfur batteries and electrolytes and sulfur cathodes thereof
US20130164615A1 (en) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 Arumugam Manthiram Conductive polymer-coated, shaped sulfur-nanocomposite cathodes for rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries and methods of making the same
US9077041B2 (en) 2012-02-14 2015-07-07 Sion Power Corporation Electrode structure for electrochemical cell
EP2629352A1 (en) 2012-02-17 2013-08-21 Oxis Energy Limited Reinforced metal foil electrode
US8932771B2 (en) 2012-05-03 2015-01-13 Polyplus Battery Company Cathode architectures for alkali metal / oxygen batteries
US10854929B2 (en) 2012-09-06 2020-12-01 Field Upgrading Usa, Inc. Sodium-halogen secondary cell
US9577289B2 (en) 2012-12-17 2017-02-21 Sion Power Corporation Lithium-ion electrochemical cell, components thereof, and methods of making and using same
CN105190966B (zh) 2012-12-19 2018-06-12 锡安能量公司 电极结构及其制造方法
CN103138002B (zh) * 2013-03-06 2015-08-05 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 锂-硫电池及其制备方法
US9160036B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-10-13 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Electrolyte additives for lithium sulfur rechargeable batteries
PL2784851T3 (pl) 2013-03-25 2015-12-31 Oxis Energy Ltd Sposób ładowania ogniwa litowo-siarkowego
EP2784850A1 (en) 2013-03-25 2014-10-01 Oxis Energy Limited A method of cycling a lithium-sulphur cell
ES2671399T3 (es) 2013-03-25 2018-06-06 Oxis Energy Limited Un método para cargar una celda de litio-azufre
US9905860B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2018-02-27 Polyplus Battery Company Water activated battery system having enhanced start-up behavior
GB2517228B (en) 2013-08-15 2016-03-02 Oxis Energy Ltd Laminate cell
KR101558669B1 (ko) * 2013-10-31 2015-10-07 현대자동차주식회사 리튬황 전지의 양극 및 이의 제조방법
US10230124B2 (en) * 2013-12-03 2019-03-12 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Gravity induced flow cell
CA2932977A1 (en) 2013-12-17 2015-06-25 Oxis Energy Limited Electrolyte for a lithium-sulphur cell
US10122049B2 (en) 2014-02-06 2018-11-06 Gelion Technologies Pty Ltd Gelated ionic liquid film-coated surfaces and uses thereof
CN106256034B (zh) 2014-05-01 2019-04-23 锡安能量公司 电极制造方法及相关制品
CN106537660B (zh) 2014-05-30 2020-08-14 奥克斯能源有限公司 锂硫电池
DE102014008737A1 (de) 2014-06-12 2015-12-17 Daimler Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Elektrolyten und Elektrolyt für eine Batterie
WO2016011196A1 (en) * 2014-07-15 2016-01-21 The Texas A&M University System Large energy density batteries
TWI679798B (zh) 2014-09-23 2019-12-11 美商應用材料股份有限公司 具有受保護負電極的電化學單元
US10050265B2 (en) 2014-12-18 2018-08-14 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Positive electrode having sulfur contained in pores between nanocarbon structures, alkali metal-sulfur battery including the same, and method of preparing the positive electrode
CN104681888B (zh) * 2015-01-06 2017-02-22 宁波中车新能源科技有限公司 一种锂离子电容电池的负压阶梯式化成方法
US10186730B2 (en) 2015-07-15 2019-01-22 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Electrolyte solution for secondary battery and secondary battery
US10950886B2 (en) 2016-01-08 2021-03-16 The Texas A&M University System Large energy density batteries and methods of manufacture
US11018387B2 (en) 2016-07-22 2021-05-25 Form Energy, Inc. Moisture and carbon dioxide management system in electrochemical cells
CN108539265A (zh) * 2017-03-02 2018-09-14 深圳格林德能源有限公司 一种锂硫电池
US11394035B2 (en) 2017-04-06 2022-07-19 Form Energy, Inc. Refuelable battery for the electric grid and method of using thereof
US10700357B2 (en) * 2017-08-14 2020-06-30 Global Graphene Group, Inc. Alkali metal-sulfur secondary battery containing a protected sulfur cathode material and manufacturing method
US11611115B2 (en) 2017-12-29 2023-03-21 Form Energy, Inc. Long life sealed alkaline secondary batteries
WO2020023912A1 (en) 2018-07-27 2020-01-30 Form Energy Inc. Negative electrodes for electrochemical cells
US11349115B2 (en) 2018-04-27 2022-05-31 Dow Global Technologies Llc Solvent systems for use in lithium ion battery production
US11973254B2 (en) 2018-06-29 2024-04-30 Form Energy, Inc. Aqueous polysulfide-based electrochemical cell
KR20210153035A (ko) 2019-01-17 2021-12-16 세예 에스에이 저용매성(low solvating) 전해질을 갖는 LiS 배터리
US20220352527A1 (en) 2019-10-04 2022-11-03 Form Energy, Inc. Refuelable battery for the electric grid and method of using thereof
CN116936788A (zh) * 2022-11-16 2023-10-24 天目湖先进储能技术研究院有限公司 一种硫基金属电池的制备方法

Family Cites Families (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3404035A (en) 1965-10-22 1968-10-01 Ford Motor Co Secondary battery employing molten alkali metal reactant
US3413150A (en) 1966-09-28 1968-11-26 Ford Motor Co Battery having a molten alkali metal anode and a molten sulfur cathode
US3532543A (en) 1968-02-21 1970-10-06 Aerojet General Co Battery employing lithium - sulphur electrodes with non-aqueous electrolyte
US3806369A (en) 1968-11-13 1974-04-23 Mallory & Co Inc P R Light metal-sulfur organic electrolyte cell
CA970028A (en) * 1971-02-03 1975-06-24 Bruce H. Garth High energy density battery
US3907591A (en) 1971-12-30 1975-09-23 Varta Ag Positive sulphur electrode for galvanic cells and method of producing the same
DE2334660A1 (de) 1973-07-07 1975-01-23 Varta Batterie Elektrischer akkumulator mit negativer lithiumelektrode
US3953231A (en) 1975-04-25 1976-04-27 General Electric Company Sealed lithium-solid sulfur cell
US4268587A (en) 1977-10-11 1981-05-19 General Electric Company Solid state, ambient temperature electrochemical cell
DE2754454C2 (de) * 1977-12-07 1982-03-25 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Elektrochemische Speicherzelle
US4132837A (en) 1978-03-30 1979-01-02 University Patents, Inc. Electrochemical cells with non-aqueous electrolytes containing macroheterocyclic compounds
US4143214A (en) 1978-06-26 1979-03-06 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Cells having cathodes containing Cs S cathode-active materials
IL61085A (en) 1980-09-19 1983-07-31 Univ Ramot Nonaqueous sulfur cell
US4469761A (en) 1980-11-26 1984-09-04 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Rechargeable lithium/sulfur ammoniate battery
US4469671A (en) * 1983-02-22 1984-09-04 Eli Lilly And Company Contraceptive device
US4481267A (en) 1983-04-01 1984-11-06 Duracell Inc. Insoluble heavy metal polysulfide cathodes
FR2570882B1 (fr) 1984-09-21 1986-12-05 Comp Generale Electricite Matiere active positive a base d'un polymere conducteur electronique pour generateur electrochimique
US4833048A (en) 1988-03-31 1989-05-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Metal-sulfur type cell having improved positive electrode
US4917974A (en) 1989-04-14 1990-04-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy Lithium/organosulfur redox cell having protective solid electrolyte barrier formed on anode and method of making same
US5162175A (en) 1989-10-13 1992-11-10 Visco Steven J Cell for making secondary batteries
US5130211A (en) 1990-10-24 1992-07-14 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of The Provence Of British Columbia Electrolyte solution sequestering agents for electrochemical cells having carbonaceous electrodes
US5441831A (en) 1992-12-17 1995-08-15 Associated Universities, Inc. Cells having cathodes containing polycarbon disulfide materials
DE4243211A1 (de) 1992-12-19 1994-06-23 Abb Patent Gmbh Elektrochemische Speicherzelle
JPH06275313A (ja) 1993-03-22 1994-09-30 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd リチウム電池
US6030720A (en) * 1994-11-23 2000-02-29 Polyplus Battery Co., Inc. Liquid electrolyte lithium-sulfur batteries
US5523179A (en) 1994-11-23 1996-06-04 Polyplus Battery Company Rechargeable positive electrode
US5506072A (en) * 1995-02-14 1996-04-09 Eric B. Griffen Reversible high energy capacity metal-sulfur battery and method of making same
US5529860A (en) 1995-06-07 1996-06-25 Moltech Corporation Electroactive high storage capacity polyacetylene-co-polysulfur materials and electrolytic cells containing same
US5712057A (en) 1995-12-08 1998-01-27 Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation Poly-sulfide and carbon electrode material and associated process
US6402795B1 (en) * 1998-02-18 2002-06-11 Polyplus Battery Company, Inc. Plating metal negative electrodes under protective coatings

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6358643B1 (en) 2002-03-19
CN1423843A (zh) 2003-06-11
BR0107974A (pt) 2002-10-29
WO2001057943A9 (en) 2002-10-31
CA2399591A1 (en) 2001-08-09
KR20020077674A (ko) 2002-10-12
EP1256137A1 (en) 2002-11-13
AU3463401A (en) 2001-08-14
AU782809B2 (en) 2005-09-01
JP2003522383A (ja) 2003-07-22
EP1256137A4 (en) 2009-01-21
WO2001057943A1 (en) 2001-08-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
MXPA02007357A (es) Baterias de azufre-litio, electrolito liquido.
MXPA01009972A (es) Celda de electrolito no acuosa.
HK1035071A1 (en) Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same.
SG103311A1 (en) Lithium based battery
NO20005988L (no) Ikke-vandig elektrolyttbatteri
HK1048564A1 (zh) 鋰電磁
HK1035605A1 (en) Flat non-aqueous electrolyte secondary cell.
MXPA01009976A (es) Celda secundaria para electrolitos no acuosos.
MX236631B (es) Celda secundaria de electrolitos no acuosos.
HK1032147A1 (en) Lithium secondary battery.
MXPA01004029A (es) Celda de electrodo positivo y electrolito no acuoso.
DE60034499D1 (de) Batterie mit nicht-wässerigem Elektrolyten
EP1202374A4 (en) LITHIUM ACCUMULATOR
MXPA01009973A (es) Celda de electrolito solido.
HUP0200246A2 (en) Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary cell
EP1339128A4 (en) LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY
HK1041563A1 (en) Non-aqueous electrolytic solution and lithium secondary battery
EP1209754A4 (en) NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTIC CELL
AU2002366159A8 (en) Primary lithium electrochemical cell
HK1041562A1 (en) Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery using the same.
EP1229603A4 (en) LITHIUM BATTERY
MXPA01002455A (es) Celda de electrolito solido.
HU0100445D0 (en) Gel electrolyte battery
EP1195833A4 (en) NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTIC SECONDARY CELL
EP1289044A4 (en) BATTERY OF NONAQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE BATTERIES

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FG Grant or registration