MD960264A - Compozţie pentru acoperire fosfatică conversională şi procedeu de formare a acoperirii - Google Patents
Compozţie pentru acoperire fosfatică conversională şi procedeu de formare a acopeririiInfo
- Publication number
- MD960264A MD960264A MD96-0264A MD960264A MD960264A MD 960264 A MD960264 A MD 960264A MD 960264 A MD960264 A MD 960264A MD 960264 A MD960264 A MD 960264A
- Authority
- MD
- Moldova
- Prior art keywords
- phosphate conversion
- formation
- conversion coatings
- coating composition
- conversion coating
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000007746 phosphate conversion coating Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/40—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing molybdates, tungstates or vanadates
- C23C22/44—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing molybdates, tungstates or vanadates containing also fluorides or complex fluorides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
- C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
Compoziţia lichidă apoasă constând din fluoruri simple şi complexe, generator de chelaţi pentru fier, ioni de fosfat, sursă de hidroxilamină şi un agent de oxidare, selectat din numărul compuşilor nicroaromatici organici hidrosolubili, molibdaţi şi wolframaţi formează o acoperire fosfatică conversională de calitate înaltă pe suprafeţele metalice din fier, zinc, aluminiu şi magneziu, precum şi pe suprafeţele aliajelor de magneziu. În compoziţie nu se utilizează cationii metalelor bivalente sau metalelor cu valenţă mai mare, care de obicei se folosesc pentru obţinerea acoperirilor fosfatice conversionale de calitate înaltă. Dacă compoziţia conţine corespunzător agenţi activi de suprafaţă, atunci nu este necesară curăţarea chimică preventivă a metalului.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/786,694 US5143562A (en) | 1991-11-01 | 1991-11-01 | Broadly applicable phosphate conversion coating composition and process |
| PCT/US1992/008982 WO1993009266A1 (en) | 1991-11-01 | 1992-10-28 | Phosphate conversion coating composition and process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| MD960264A true MD960264A (ro) | 1998-06-30 |
Family
ID=25139340
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| MD96-0264A MD960264A (ro) | 1991-11-01 | 1992-10-28 | Compozţie pentru acoperire fosfatică conversională şi procedeu de formare a acoperirii |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5143562A (ro) |
| EP (1) | EP0610421B1 (ro) |
| JP (1) | JP3278472B2 (ro) |
| AT (1) | ATE132204T1 (ro) |
| AU (1) | AU664400B2 (ro) |
| BR (1) | BR9206700A (ro) |
| CA (1) | CA2120614C (ro) |
| DE (1) | DE69207207T2 (ro) |
| DK (1) | DK0610421T3 (ro) |
| ES (1) | ES2082521T3 (ro) |
| MD (1) | MD960264A (ro) |
| MX (1) | MX9206299A (ro) |
| RU (1) | RU2123066C1 (ro) |
| TW (1) | TW224144B (ro) |
| WO (1) | WO1993009266A1 (ro) |
| ZA (1) | ZA928425B (ro) |
Families Citing this family (57)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2259920A (en) * | 1991-09-10 | 1993-03-31 | Gibson Chem Ltd | Surface conversion coating solution based on molybdenum and phosphate compounds |
| US5328525A (en) * | 1993-01-05 | 1994-07-12 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Method and composition for treatment of metals |
| JPH0748677A (ja) * | 1993-07-05 | 1995-02-21 | Nippon Parkerizing Co Ltd | アルミdi缶及びぶりきdi缶兼用表面処理液ならびに処理方法 |
| ATE191937T1 (de) * | 1993-11-16 | 2000-05-15 | Ici Australia Operations | Antikorrosionsbehandlung von beschichtetem stahl mit einer beschichtung aus aluminium und/oder zink oder deren legierungen |
| DE4401566A1 (de) * | 1994-01-20 | 1995-07-27 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur gemeinsamen Vorbehandlung von Stahl, verzinktem Stahl, Magnesium und Aluminium vor der Verbindung mit Gummi |
| JP3349851B2 (ja) * | 1994-12-22 | 2002-11-25 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | スラッジ抑制性に優れたアルミニウム含有金属材料用表面処理組成物および表面処理方法 |
| US5562950A (en) * | 1994-03-24 | 1996-10-08 | Novamax Technologies, Inc. | Tin coating composition and method |
| DE4417965A1 (de) * | 1994-05-21 | 1995-11-23 | Henkel Kgaa | Eisenphosphatierung unter Verwendung von substituierten Monocarbonsäuren |
| US5597465A (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1997-01-28 | Novamax Itb S.R.L. | Acid aqueous phosphatic solution and process using same for phosphating metal surfaces |
| IT1274594B (it) * | 1994-08-05 | 1997-07-18 | Itb Srl | Soluzione fosfatica acquosa acida e processo di fosfatazione di superfici metalliche che la utilizza |
| JP3623015B2 (ja) * | 1995-06-30 | 2005-02-23 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | アルミニウム含有金属材料用表面処理液および表面処理方法 |
| US6193815B1 (en) | 1995-06-30 | 2001-02-27 | Henkel Corporation | Composition and process for treating the surface of aluminiferous metals |
| US5862549A (en) * | 1996-01-05 | 1999-01-26 | Stryker Corporation | Maternity bed |
| CA2269455A1 (en) * | 1996-11-06 | 1998-05-14 | Henkel Corporation | Phosphate conversion coating composition and process |
| US5891268A (en) * | 1996-12-06 | 1999-04-06 | Henkel Corporation | High coating weight iron phosphating, compositions therefor, and use of the coating formed as a lubricant carrier |
| US6179934B1 (en) | 1997-01-24 | 2001-01-30 | Henkel Corporation | Aqueous phosphating composition and process for metal surfaces |
| DE19808440C2 (de) * | 1998-02-27 | 2000-08-24 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Wässrige Lösung und Verfahren zur Phosphatierung metallischer Oberflächen sowie eine Verwendung der Lösung und des Verfahrens |
| US6232280B1 (en) | 1999-05-12 | 2001-05-15 | Steris Corporation | Cleaning product with analyzable and stable surfactant |
| US6361712B1 (en) * | 1999-10-15 | 2002-03-26 | Arch Specialty Chemicals, Inc. | Composition for selective etching of oxides over metals |
| DE10010758A1 (de) * | 2000-03-04 | 2001-09-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Korrosionsschutzverfahren für Metalloberflächen |
| JP2002266080A (ja) * | 2001-03-07 | 2002-09-18 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | リン酸塩化成処理液、化成処理方法および化成処理鋼板 |
| TWI268965B (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2006-12-21 | Nihon Parkerizing | Treating solution for surface treatment of metal and surface treatment method |
| RU2190694C1 (ru) * | 2001-10-18 | 2002-10-10 | ЗАО Фирма "Химстар" | Раствор для одновременного обезжиривания и аморфного фосфатирования |
| CN1306064C (zh) * | 2001-12-04 | 2007-03-21 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | 金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物涂敷的金属材料及其生产方法 |
| CA2467751A1 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2003-07-03 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Use of substituted hydroxylamines in metal phosphating processes |
| US20030172998A1 (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2003-09-18 | Gerald Wojcik | Composition and process for the treatment of metal surfaces |
| EP1371756A2 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2003-12-17 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Equipment and method of pretreatment before painting |
| JP4205939B2 (ja) * | 2002-12-13 | 2009-01-07 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | 金属の表面処理方法 |
| US20040118483A1 (en) * | 2002-12-24 | 2004-06-24 | Michael Deemer | Process and solution for providing a thin corrosion inhibiting coating on a metallic surface |
| DE10322446A1 (de) * | 2003-05-19 | 2004-12-09 | Henkel Kgaa | Vorbehandlung von Metalloberflächen vor einer Lackierung |
| US20040256030A1 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2004-12-23 | Xia Tang | Corrosion resistant, chromate-free conversion coating for magnesium alloys |
| RU2255139C1 (ru) * | 2003-12-30 | 2005-06-27 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" (ФГУП "ВИАМ") | Способ фосфатирования поверхности титанового сплава |
| JP4628726B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-02 | 2011-02-09 | 日本表面化学株式会社 | アルミニウム部材及びその製造方法と製造用薬剤 |
| EP1984536B1 (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2012-03-28 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Composition and processes of a dry-in-place trivalent chromium corrosion-resistant coating for use on metal surfaces |
| EP1870489B2 (de) * | 2006-04-19 | 2012-10-17 | Ropal AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines korrosionsgeschützten und hochglänzenden Substrats |
| CN101448975B (zh) * | 2006-05-10 | 2011-07-27 | 汉高股份及两合公司 | 在金属表面上的抗腐蚀涂料中使用的改进的含三价铬组合物 |
| CN100447301C (zh) * | 2006-06-06 | 2008-12-31 | 南昌大学 | 镁合金磷酸盐表面改性处理方法 |
| CN101512044B (zh) * | 2006-09-18 | 2012-11-14 | 汉高两合股份公司 | 在含锌的金属上的非铬的薄有机-无机混合涂层 |
| KR100729438B1 (ko) * | 2006-09-21 | 2007-06-15 | (주)천우테크 | 부동태용 인산염젤 |
| JP4276689B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-20 | 2009-06-10 | 日本ペイント株式会社 | カチオン電着塗装方法、及びカチオン電着塗装された金属基材 |
| JP2008174832A (ja) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-07-31 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | カチオン電着塗装用金属表面処理液 |
| US8673091B2 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2014-03-18 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc | Pretreatment compositions and methods for coating a metal substrate |
| US9574093B2 (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2017-02-21 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Methods for coating a metal substrate and related coated metal substrates |
| DE102007057185A1 (de) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-05-28 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Zirconiumphosphatierung von metallischen Bauteilen, insbesondere Eisen |
| JP5215043B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-02 | 2013-06-19 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | 金属の表面処理用処理液及び表面処理方法 |
| JP2010013677A (ja) * | 2008-07-01 | 2010-01-21 | Nippon Parkerizing Co Ltd | 金属構造物用化成処理液および表面処理方法 |
| JP5593532B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-30 | 2014-09-24 | ディップソール株式会社 | 亜鉛又は亜鉛合金めっき上にクロムフリー化成皮膜を形成するための化成処理水溶液及びそれより得られたクロムフリー化成皮膜 |
| DE102008048596A1 (de) * | 2008-09-23 | 2010-04-08 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Quenchpassivierung von Aluminiumdruckgussteilen |
| US8282801B2 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2012-10-09 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Methods for passivating a metal substrate and related coated metal substrates |
| DE102010030697A1 (de) * | 2010-06-30 | 2012-01-05 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Verfahren zur selektiven Phosphatierung einer Verbundmetallkonstruktion |
| CN101949010B (zh) * | 2010-09-25 | 2012-05-23 | 郑州大学 | 一种用于镁合金粘接的表面预处理液和预处理方法 |
| US10156016B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-12-18 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Trivalent chromium-containing composition for aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US9273399B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-03-01 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Pretreatment compositions and methods for coating a battery electrode |
| JP6417612B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-01 | 2018-11-07 | メック株式会社 | エッチング剤およびその補給液、マグネシウム部品の表面粗化方法、ならびにマグネシウム−樹脂複合体の製造方法 |
| JP6659961B2 (ja) * | 2016-08-10 | 2020-03-04 | 富士通株式会社 | マグネシウム合金基体、電子機器及び耐食性被膜の形成方法 |
| RU2754069C2 (ru) * | 2016-11-23 | 2021-08-25 | Хеметалл Гмбх | Состав и способ безхромной предварительной обработки алюминиевых поверхностей |
| CN107435145B (zh) * | 2017-08-18 | 2019-10-29 | 山东省科学院新材料研究所 | 一种镁/铝异种金属连接件的整体防护方法 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR96396E (fr) * | 1968-02-28 | 1972-06-16 | Parker Ste Continentale | Procédé de revetement de métaux par phosphatation. |
| US3619300A (en) * | 1968-11-13 | 1971-11-09 | Amchem Prod | Phosphate conversion coating of aluminum, zinc or iron |
| DE1933013C3 (de) * | 1969-06-28 | 1978-09-21 | Gerhard Collardin Gmbh, 5000 Koeln | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Schutzschichten auf Aluminium, Eisen und Zink mittels komplexe Fluoride enthaltender Lösungen |
| GB1296883A (ro) * | 1970-03-04 | 1972-11-22 | ||
| DE2506349A1 (de) * | 1975-02-14 | 1976-08-26 | Kluthe Kg Chem Werke | Phosphatierungsmittel und verfahren zu seiner anwendung |
| US4148670A (en) * | 1976-04-05 | 1979-04-10 | Amchem Products, Inc. | Coating solution for metal surface |
| CA1098253A (en) * | 1976-04-05 | 1981-03-31 | Timm L. Kelly | Zirconium/titanium coating solution for aluminum surfaces |
| US4149909A (en) * | 1977-12-30 | 1979-04-17 | Amchem Products, Inc. | Iron phosphate accelerator |
| DE2905535A1 (de) | 1979-02-14 | 1980-09-04 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur oberflaechenbehandlung von metallen |
| DE3408577A1 (de) * | 1984-03-09 | 1985-09-12 | Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur phosphatierung von metallen |
| US4793867A (en) * | 1986-09-26 | 1988-12-27 | Chemfil Corporation | Phosphate coating composition and method of applying a zinc-nickel phosphate coating |
| DE3712339A1 (de) * | 1987-04-11 | 1988-10-20 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur phosphatierung vor der elektrotauchlackierung |
| US4865653A (en) * | 1987-10-30 | 1989-09-12 | Henkel Corporation | Zinc phosphate coating process |
| JPH0730455B2 (ja) * | 1988-09-27 | 1995-04-05 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | リン酸塩化成処理液 |
| JPH07100870B2 (ja) * | 1990-04-24 | 1995-11-01 | 日本ペイント株式会社 | 金属表面のリン酸亜鉛皮膜処理方法 |
-
1991
- 1991-11-01 US US07/786,694 patent/US5143562A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-10-22 JP JP28428292A patent/JP3278472B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-10-28 CA CA002120614A patent/CA2120614C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-10-28 DK DK92924113.1T patent/DK0610421T3/da active
- 1992-10-28 AT AT92924113T patent/ATE132204T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-10-28 DE DE69207207T patent/DE69207207T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-10-28 RU RU94019947A patent/RU2123066C1/ru active
- 1992-10-28 MD MD96-0264A patent/MD960264A/ro unknown
- 1992-10-28 EP EP92924113A patent/EP0610421B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-28 AU AU30550/92A patent/AU664400B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-10-28 ES ES92924113T patent/ES2082521T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-28 BR BR9206700A patent/BR9206700A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-10-28 WO PCT/US1992/008982 patent/WO1993009266A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-10-30 MX MX9206299A patent/MX9206299A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-10-30 TW TW081108660A patent/TW224144B/zh active
- 1992-10-30 ZA ZA928425A patent/ZA928425B/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH05195246A (ja) | 1993-08-03 |
| TW224144B (ro) | 1994-05-21 |
| JP3278472B2 (ja) | 2002-04-30 |
| EP0610421B1 (en) | 1995-12-27 |
| WO1993009266A1 (en) | 1993-05-13 |
| RU2123066C1 (ru) | 1998-12-10 |
| AU664400B2 (en) | 1995-11-16 |
| ES2082521T3 (es) | 1996-03-16 |
| ZA928425B (en) | 1993-05-14 |
| CA2120614C (en) | 2003-12-30 |
| DE69207207D1 (de) | 1996-02-08 |
| AU3055092A (en) | 1993-06-07 |
| ATE132204T1 (de) | 1996-01-15 |
| CA2120614A1 (en) | 1993-05-13 |
| RU94019947A (ru) | 1996-04-10 |
| MX9206299A (es) | 1993-05-01 |
| US5143562A (en) | 1992-09-01 |
| DE69207207T2 (de) | 1996-09-05 |
| BR9206700A (pt) | 1995-10-24 |
| DK0610421T3 (da) | 1996-04-22 |
| EP0610421A1 (en) | 1994-08-17 |
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