MD878Z - Process for feeding nurse bees - Google Patents
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- MD878Z MD878Z MDS20140101A MDS20140101A MD878Z MD 878 Z MD878 Z MD 878Z MD S20140101 A MDS20140101 A MD S20140101A MD S20140101 A MDS20140101 A MD S20140101A MD 878 Z MD878 Z MD 878Z
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- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 235000020374 simple syrup Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-FCVZTGTOSA-N lactulose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-FCVZTGTOSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229960000511 lactulose Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PFCRQPBOOFTZGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactulose keto form Natural products OCC(=O)C(O)C(C(O)CO)OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O PFCRQPBOOFTZGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000186016 Bifidobacterium bifidum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 241000194031 Enterococcus faecium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 240000001046 Lactobacillus acidophilus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000013956 Lactobacillus acidophilus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 244000199885 Lactobacillus bulgaricus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000013960 Lactobacillus bulgaricus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229940002008 bifidobacterium bifidum Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229940039695 lactobacillus acidophilus Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229940004208 lactobacillus bulgaricus Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 208000024780 Urticaria Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009341 apiculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000006052 feed supplement Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000144987 brood Species 0.000 description 12
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 7
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 description 6
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- 210000002249 digestive system Anatomy 0.000 description 3
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- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000293094 Ariadna Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- 229940109850 royal jelly Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
Invenţia se referă la apicultură, în special la un procedeu de hrănire a albinelor doici. The invention relates to beekeeping, in particular to a method of feeding nurse bees.
Albinele colectează de pe florile plantelor nectar şi polen, pe care le prelucrează în hrană - miere şi păstură. Hrana albinelor conţine toate substanţele nutritive vitale - proteine, lipide, glucide, substanţe minerale, vitamine. Pentru procesele vitale familia de albine are nevoie de o cantitate considerabilă de hrană. O familie puternică pe parcursul anului consumă 90 kg miere: în perioada repausului de iarnă - cca 10 kg, iar în perioada vitală activă - primăvara, vara şi toamna - cca 80 kg (la întreţinerea vieţii indivizilor adulţi, hrănirea larvelor, secreţia cerii, consumul energetic în timpul zborului, prelucrarea nectarului în miere) (Буренин Н.Л., Котова Г.Н. Справочник по пчеловодству. Москва, Колос, 1977, p. 27-29). Bees collect nectar and pollen from plant flowers, which they process into food - honey and royal jelly. Bee food contains all the vital nutrients - proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins. For vital processes, the bee family needs a considerable amount of food. A strong family consumes 90 kg of honey during the year: during the winter rest period - about 10 kg, and during the active vital period - spring, summer and autumn - about 80 kg (for the maintenance of the life of adult individuals, feeding larvae, wax secretion, energy consumption during flight, processing nectar into honey) (Burenin N.L., Kotova G.N. Handbook of Beekeeping. Moscow, Kolos, 1977, p. 27-29).
În cazurile când în familie rezerva de hrană este insuficientă, albinele trebuie să fie alimentate. În calitate de înlocuitor al mierii se foloseşte sirop de zahăr. Pentru stimularea creşterii puietului în perioada de primăvară şi pentru creşterea mătcilor se utilizează sirop de zahăr în concentraţie de 50% (1 kg de zahăr la 1 L de apă) [1]. In cases where the family's food supply is insufficient, the bees must be fed. Sugar syrup is used as a substitute for honey. To stimulate the growth of brood in the spring and for the growth of queens, sugar syrup is used in a concentration of 50% (1 kg of sugar per 1 L of water) [1].
Este cunoscut procedeul de creştere a mătcilor, care include hrănirea albinelor cu sirop de zahăr de 50%, în care se introduce un aditiv furajer (Праймiкс - Бiонорм П), care include tulpini de lacto- şi bifidobacterii în cantitate de 1x106 UFC/g, precum şi, în % mas.: lactuloză până la 5, extract de drojdii până la 20, pectină până la 10, în cantitate de 50…..200 mg/L de sirop [2]. The process of queen rearing is known, which includes feeding bees with 50% sugar syrup, into which a feed additive (Праймiкс - Бiонорм П) is introduced, which includes strains of lacto- and bifidobacteria in the amount of 1x106 UFC/g, as well as, in % mass: lactulose up to 5, yeast extract up to 20, pectin up to 10, in the amount of 50…..200 mg/L of syrup [2].
Dezavantajul acestui procedeu constă în aceea că albinele, alimentându-se cu sirop de zahăr cu aditiv furajer, au o imunitate şi rezistenţă redusă, ceea ce duce la micşorarea longevităţii şi la o creştere lentă a familiilor de albine. În perioada de primăvară familiile de albine se îmbolnăvesc de maladia nosemoza (diaree) şi, ca rezultat, se înregistrează până la 30…40% pierderi, familii moarte, slabe, cu un număr redus de albine, în urma rezistenţei reduse. The disadvantage of this process is that bees, feeding on sugar syrup with feed additive, have reduced immunity and resistance, which leads to reduced longevity and slow growth of bee colonies. In the spring, bee colonies fall ill with nosemosis (diarrhea) and, as a result, up to 30…40% losses are recorded, dead, weak colonies with a reduced number of bees, due to reduced resistance.
Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia propusă constă în selectarea unui aditiv furajer ce conţine substanţe probiotice pentru normalizarea metabolismului, sporirea imunităţii şi reducerea mortalităţii, stimularea rezistenţei împotriva nosemozei, profilaxia şi terapia aparatului digestiv, recuperarea microflorei intestinului şi normalizarea procesului metabolic, creşterea puterii familiei de albine, a productivităţii şi siguranţei albinelor. The problem solved by the proposed invention consists in selecting a feed additive containing probiotic substances for normalizing metabolism, enhancing immunity and reducing mortality, stimulating resistance against nosemosis, prophylaxis and therapy of the digestive system, recovering the intestinal microflora and normalizing the metabolic process, increasing the strength of the bee colony, productivity and safety of the bees.
Problema se soluţionează prin aceea că se propune un procedeu de hrănire a albinelor doici care include administrarea albinelor a unui sirop de zahăr de 50% cu adaos de 50…200 mg/L de aditiv furajer, zilnic, din ziua introducerii ramei cu larve transvazate în familia de albine doici până la căpăcirea botcelor, totodată aditivul furajer conţine, în % mas.: Lactobacillus acidophilus cu titrul de 1x108 UFC/g 10, Lactobacillus plantarum cu titrul de 1x108 UFC/g 10, Lactobacillus bulgaricus cu titrul de 1x108 UFC/g 10, Enterococcus faecium cu titrul de 1x107 UFC/g 4,5, Bifidobacterium bifidum cu titrul de 1x108 UFC/g 10, pectină 10, extract de drojdii 25, lactuloză 0,5 şi lecitină 20, iar hrana se administrează în cantitate de 1,0 L la o familie în prima zi de la introducerea ramei cu larve transvazate şi câte 0,5 L în restul zilelor. The problem is solved by proposing a process for feeding nurse bees that includes administering to the bees a 50% sugar syrup with the addition of 50…200 mg/L of feed additive, daily, from the day of introducing the frame with transferred larvae into the nurse bee colony until the brood hatching, at the same time the feed additive contains, in % mass: Lactobacillus acidophilus with a titer of 1x108 UFC/g 10, Lactobacillus plantarum with a titer of 1x108 UFC/g 10, Lactobacillus bulgaricus with a titer of 1x108 UFC/g 10, Enterococcus faecium with a titer of 1x107 UFC/g 4.5, Bifidobacterium bifidum with a titer of 1x108 UFC/g 10, pectin 10, yeast extract 25, lactulose 0.5 and lecithin 20, and the food is administered in an amount of 1.0 L per family on the first day after introducing the frame with transferred larvae and 0.5 L on the remaining days.
Aditivul furajer numit „Belaxan” este produs de AŞP „Ariadna” (Ucraina, Odesa), conform procedeelor prezentate în ТУ У 15.7-31034548-004:2009 şi este un aditiv sinbiotic complex produs pe bază de celule liofilizate special selecţionate după rezistenţă la antibiotice şi care sunt antagoniste microflorei patogene a tulpinilor de lacto- şi bifidobacterii. The feed additive called "Belaxan" is produced by AŞP "Ariadna" (Ukraine, Odessa), according to the processes presented in ТУ У 15.7-31034548-004:2009 and is a complex synbiotic additive produced on the basis of lyophilized cells specially selected for antibiotic resistance and which are antagonists of pathogenic microflora of lacto- and bifidobacteria strains.
Utilizarea procedeului de hrănire a albinelor doici － în lipsa culesului nectaro-polinifer şi când rezervele de hrană din stup sunt reduse - oferă următoarele avantaje: sporirea imunităţii albinelor şi reducerea mortalităţii, stimularea rezistenţei organismului, profilaxia şi terapia aparatului digestiv, recuperarea microflorei intestinului şi normalizarea procesului metabolic, sporirea acceptării larvelor transvazate la creştere, îmbunătăţirea calităţii botcelor şi mătcilor obţinute. The use of the nurse bee feeding process - in the absence of nectar-polliniferous harvesting and when food reserves in the hive are reduced - offers the following advantages: increasing bee immunity and reducing mortality, stimulating the body's resistance, prophylaxis and therapy of the digestive system, recovering the intestinal microflora and normalizing the metabolic process, increasing the acceptance of larvae transferred for growth, improving the quality of the brood and queens obtained.
Rezultatul invenţiei constă în sporirea imunităţii albinelor şi reducerea mortalităţii, stimularea rezistenţei, profilaxia şi terapia aparatului digestiv, recuperarea microflorei intestinului şi normalizarea procesului metabolic, majorarea acceptării larvelor transvazate la creştere, sporirea calităţii botcelor şi mătcilor obţinute. The result of the invention consists in increasing the immunity of bees and reducing mortality, stimulating resistance, prophylaxis and therapy of the digestive system, recovering the intestinal microflora and normalizing the metabolic process, increasing the acceptance of larvae transferred for growth, increasing the quality of the brood and queens obtained.
Procedeul se realizează prin hrănirea albinelor doici cu sirop de zahăr de 50% şi un aditiv furajer, în cantitate de 50....200 mg/L. The process is carried out by feeding the nurse bees with 50% sugar syrup and a feed additive, in an amount of 50....200 mg/L.
Siropul se pregăteşte în felul următor. Apa se încălzeşte până la fierbere, apoi se adaugă zahărul în raport de 1:1, la 1 L de apă 1 kg zahăr, soluţia se agită până se dizolvă complet zahărul. Când siropul s-a răcit până la temperatura de 30°C, se adaugă aditivul furajer, în cantitate de 50....200 mg la 1 L de sirop de zahăr de 50%, care este dizolvat în 80…100 mL apă şi se agită împreună. Albinele se hrănesc din ziua introducerii ramei cu larve transvazate în familia de albine doici până la căpăcirea botcelor, în cantitate de 1,0 L la o familie în prima zi de la introducerea ramei cu larve transvazate şi câte 0,5 L în restul zilelor (4 zile). The syrup is prepared as follows. The water is heated to boiling, then sugar is added in a ratio of 1:1, 1 L of water 1 kg of sugar, the solution is stirred until the sugar is completely dissolved. When the syrup has cooled to a temperature of 30°C, the feed additive is added, in an amount of 50...200 mg per 1 L of 50% sugar syrup, which is dissolved in 80...100 mL of water and stirred together. The bees are fed from the day of introducing the frame with transferred larvae into the nurse bee colony until the hives are hatched, in an amount of 1.0 L per colony on the first day after introducing the frame with transferred larvae and 0.5 L each on the remaining days (4 days).
Pentru determinarea condiţiilor optimale de realizare a procedeului propus a fost studiată influenţa aditivului furajer la sporirea imunităţii albinelor şi reducerea mortalităţii, stimularea rezistenţei şi normalizarea procesului metabolic la creşterea mătcilor - asupra stimulării acceptării larvelor transvazate, sporirii masei, lungimii şi diametrului botcelor şi masei mătcilor. To determine the optimal conditions for carrying out the proposed process, the influence of the feed additive on increasing bee immunity and reducing mortality, stimulating resistance and normalizing the metabolic process in queen growth - on stimulating the acceptance of transferred larvae, increasing the mass, length and diameter of the combs and the mass of the queens was studied.
Exemple de realizare a invenţiei Examples of embodiments of the invention
Pentru determinarea cantităţii optimale de aditiv furajer la 1 L de sirop, la alimentaţia albinelor doici la creşterea mătcilor au fost formate 6 loturi de familii doici. To determine the optimal amount of feed additive per 1 L of syrup, for feeding nurse bees while raising queens, 6 batches of nurse families were formed.
Familiilor de albine doici din lotul I experimental li s-a administrat, conform invenţiei, sirop de zahăr cu 50 mg/L de aditiv furajer. Familiilor de albine din lotul II experimental li s-a administrat sirop de zahăr cu 100 mg/L de aditiv furajer. Familiilor de albine din lotul III experimental li s-a administrat sirop de zahăr cu 150 mg/L de aditiv furajer. Familiilor de albine din lotul IV experimental li s-a administrat sirop de zahăr cu 200 mg/L de aditiv furajer. The nurse bee colonies in experimental group I were administered, according to the invention, sugar syrup with 50 mg/L of feed additive. The bee colonies in experimental group II were administered sugar syrup with 100 mg/L of feed additive. The bee colonies in experimental group III were administered sugar syrup with 150 mg/L of feed additive. The bee colonies in experimental group IV were administered sugar syrup with 200 mg/L of feed additive.
Familiilor de albine din lotul V (martor I) li s-a administrat sirop de zahăr pur. Bee colonies in group V (control I) were given pure sugar syrup.
Familiilor de albine din lotul VI (martor II) li s-a administrat sirop de zahăr cu 100 mg/L de aditiv furajer Праймiкс - Бiонорм П, conform soluţiei proxime. Bee colonies in group VI (control II) were given sugar syrup with 100 mg/L of feed additive Праймiкс - Бiонорм П, according to the approximate solution.
Familiile de albine doici sunt predestinate pentru creşterea mătcilor din larve tinere acceptate. Ele se aleg din numărul celor mai puternice, productive şi sănătoase familii, cu o dezvoltare normală şi însuşiri evidente de creştere. Nurse bee colonies are predestined for raising queens from accepted young larvae. They are chosen from the strongest, most productive and healthy colonies, with normal development and obvious growth characteristics.
Familia de albine doici se întreţine într-un compartiment al stupului orizontal cu 20 de rame, împărţit în două compartimente, în al doilea aflându-se familia ajutătoare. The nurse bee colony is maintained in a compartment of the horizontal hive with 20 frames, divided into two compartments, the second containing the helper colony.
Este necesar ca pregătirea familiei de albine doici să înceapă din timp, astfel ca la introducerea larvelor pentru creştere în fiecare familie să fie nu mai puţin de 2…2,5 kg de albine (10…12 spaţii dintre faguri populate cu albine), în acelaşi timp să fie un număr suficient de albine (până la 12 zile) care secretă hrană pentru larvele deja dezvoltate. În cuibul familiei trebuie să fie permanent o rezervă de 7…9 kg de miere calitativă şi 2…3 faguri cu păstură. Pentru a mări numărul de albine tinere este nevoie de a întări familiile de albine doici cu puiet căpăcit din familiile ajutătoare, deci se administrează zilnic hrană suplimentară de miere (sau sirop) şi polen, se micşorează şi se izolează termic cuiburile. It is necessary to start preparing the nurse bee colony in advance, so that when introducing larvae for breeding in each colony there should be no less than 2…2.5 kg of bees (10…12 spaces between the combs populated with bees), at the same time there should be a sufficient number of bees (up to 12 days) that secrete food for the already developed larvae. In the colony's nest there should be a permanent reserve of 7…9 kg of high-quality honey and 2…3 combs with brood. To increase the number of young bees, it is necessary to strengthen nurse bee colonies with brood hatched from the helper colonies, so additional food of honey (or syrup) and pollen is administered daily, the nests are reduced in size and thermally insulated.
Pregătirea familiei de albine doici prin orfanizare (fără matcă) se efectuează în felul următor: de la ea se înlătură matca şi tot puietul necăpăcit, lipsind-o de posibilitatea să-şi scoată o matcă nouă din larvele proprii. Pentru aceasta, cu 9…10 zile înainte de a introduce larvele pentru creştere, matca împreună cu trei-patru faguri se izolează cu ajutorul gratiei Hanemann de cealaltă parte a cuibului. The preparation of the nurse bee colony by orphaning (without a queen) is carried out in the following way: the queen and all the unhatched brood are removed from it, depriving it of the possibility of producing a new queen from its own larvae. For this, 9...10 days before introducing the larvae for rearing, the queen together with three or four combs is isolated using a Hanemann grate on the other side of the nest.
Cu 5…6 ore înainte de introducerea larvelor, matca cu tot puietul necăpăcit se înlătură din stup şi se introduc într-un alt stup, sau se lasă în acelaşi stup separat de un perete despărţitor. Mai târziu, ea va servi pentru întărirea cu puiet căpăcit a familiei orfanizate. 5-6 hours before the introduction of the larvae, the queen with all the uncapped brood is removed from the hive and introduced into another hive, or left in the same hive separated by a partition. Later, she will serve to reinforce the orphaned family with capped brood.
În familia de albine doici (crescătoare) se lasă tot puietul căpăcit, nu mai puţin de 7…9 kg de miere şi doi faguri cu păstură. Puiet necăpăcit aici nu rămâne, însă se adună multe albine doici de diferite vârste, care sunt necesare pentru creşterea unor mătci de calitate superioară. Aceasta exclude întemeierea botcelor de salvare, astfel, nu va fi nevoie de o revizie suplimentară pentru a înlătura aceste botce, ceea ce necesită o muncă enormă şi mult timp. In the nurse bee colony (breeder), all the brood is left, not less than 7...9 kg of honey and two combs with brood. There is no unhatched brood left here, but many nurse bees of different ages gather, which are necessary for raising high-quality queens. This excludes the establishment of rescue hives, thus, there will be no need for an additional overhaul to remove these hives, which requires enormous work and a lot of time.
Înainte de a introduce în familia de albine doici rama cu larvele transvazate în potiraşe, cuibul ei se micşorează în aşa mod, ca albinele să ocupe 9 spaţii dintre rame în loc de 11 (în mod obişnuit). O atenţie deosebită trebuie să se acorde izolării termice minuţioase a cuibului de sus şi din părţi. La momentul introducerii ramei cu larve transvazate familiilor li s-a administrat câte un litru de sirop, iar în zilele următoare câte 0,5 L până la căpăcirea botcelor (4 zile), la introducerea ramei a doua se repetă aceeaşi schemă de alimentaţie. Before introducing the frame with the larvae transferred into the cups into the nurse bee colony, its nest is reduced in size so that the bees occupy 9 spaces between the frames instead of 11 (usually). Special attention must be paid to the thorough thermal insulation of the nest from above and from the sides. At the time of introducing the frame with transferred larvae, the colonies were given one liter of syrup, and in the following days 0.5 L until the hives are covered (4 days), when introducing the second frame the same feeding scheme is repeated.
Familiile de albine doici au fost hrănite cu sirop de zahăr şi aditiv furajer corespunzător pe loturi pe data de 16.06.2013 câte 1 L, iar pe 17, 18, 19 şi 20.06.2013 câte 0,5 L sirop de zahăr cu aditiv furajer, pe 21.06.2013 câte 1 L şi pe 22, 23, 24 şi 25.06.2013 câte 0,5 L sirop de zahăr cu aditiv furajer. The nurse bee colonies were fed with sugar syrup and appropriate feed additive in batches on 16.06.2013, 1 L each, and on 17, 18, 19 and 20.06.2013, 0.5 L each of sugar syrup with feed additive, on 21.06.2013, 1 L each and on 22, 23, 24 and 25.06.2013, 0.5 L each of sugar syrup with feed additive.
Experienţa I. La prima experienţă s-a constatat că cel mai multe larve (28 buc.) sau 93,33% din numărul larvelor transvazate au fost acceptate la lotul II, care au primit sirop de zahăr cu aditiv furajer 100 mg/L. Cu majorarea cantităţii de aditiv furajer la 1 L de sirop procentul de acceptare se reduce până la 60,0% la lotul IV, la care a fost administrat sirop de zahăr cu aditiv furajer 200 mg/L. Experiment I. In the first experiment, it was found that most larvae (28 pcs.) or 93.33% of the number of transferred larvae were accepted in group II, which received sugar syrup with feed additive 100 mg/L. With increasing the amount of feed additive to 1 L of syrup, the acceptance percentage is reduced to 60.0% in group IV, which was administered sugar syrup with feed additive 200 mg/L.
Rezultate satisfăcătoare (86,67%) s-au obţinut şi în lotul I, familiile doici care au fost alimentate cu sirop de zahăr cu aditiv furajer în doză de 50 mg/L. Din cele 30 de larve transvazate, albinele doici ale lotului V (martor I) au acceptat la creştere 17 buc. sau 56,67%, iar la lotul VI (martor II) corespunzător - 28 buc. şi 84,85% (tabelul 1). Satisfactory results (86.67%) were also obtained in group I, the nurse families that were fed with sugar syrup with feed additive at a dose of 50 mg/L. Of the 30 transferred larvae, the nurse bees of group V (control I) accepted 17 pcs. or 56.67% for rearing, and in the corresponding group VI (control II) - 28 pcs. and 84.85% (table 1).
Cele mai mari botce au fost crescute în lotul II, masa fiind de 1,30 g sau cu 47,73% mai mare ca la lotul V (martor I) şi cu 71,05% ca la lotul VI (martor II), lungimea de 2,79 cm sau respectiv cu 12,5% şi 21,83% şi diametrul de 1,19 cm sau cu 12,26% mai mare ca la lotul V (martor I) şi cu 17,82% mai mare ca la lotul VI (martor II), semnificaţia diferenţelor medii faţă de loturile martor este autentică (B ≥ 0,999) (tabelul 2). The largest carp were grown in group II, the mass being 1.30 g or 47.73% higher than in group V (control I) and 71.05% higher than in group VI (control II), the length being 2.79 cm or 12.5% and 21.83% respectively and the diameter being 1.19 cm or 12.26% higher than in group V (control I) and 17.82% higher than in group VI (control II), the significance of the mean differences compared to the control groups is authentic (B ≥ 0.999) (table 2).
Tabelul 1 Table 1
Influenţa aditivilor furajeri asupra acceptării larvelor transvazate, stupina de reproducere Albinărie (21. 06. 2013) Influence of feed additives on the acceptance of transferred larvae, breeding apiary Albinărie (21. 06. 2013)
Lotul Numărul de larve transvazate, buc. Numărul de larve acceptate buc. % I - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 50 mg/L 30 26 86,67 II - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 100 mg/L 30 28 93,33 III - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 150 mg/L 30 22 73,33 IV - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 200 mg/L 30 18 60,0 V- Sirop de zahăr pur (martor I) 30 17 56,67 VI- Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer Праймiкс - Бiонорм П, 100 mg/L (martor II) 33 28 84,85Batch Number of transferred larvae, pcs. Number of accepted larvae pcs. % I - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 50 mg/L 30 26 86.67 II - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 100 mg/L 30 28 93.33 III - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 150 mg/L 30 22 73.33 IV - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 200 mg/L 30 18 60.0 V- Pure sugar syrup (control I) 30 17 56.67 VI- Sugar syrup + feed additive Праймiкс - Бiонорм П, 100 mg/L (control II) 33 28 84.85
Tabelul 2 Table 2
Influenţa aditivului furajer asupra masei, lungimii şi lăţimii botcelor, The influence of the feed additive on the mass, length and width of the calves,
stupina de reproducere Albinărie (26. 06. 2013) breeding apiary Beekeeping (26. 06. 2013)
Lotul Nr. botcelor Indicii X ± Sx V, % Limite I - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 50 mg/L 26 Masa, g Lungimea, cm Diametrul, cm 0,95 ± 0,028 2,74 ± 0,034 1,06 ± 0,010 14,95 6,14 4,60 0,7 - 1,3 2,4 - 3,0 1,0 - 1,1 II - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 100 mg/L 28 Masa, g Lungimea, cm Diametrul, cm 1,30±0,024*** 2,79±0,030*** 1,19±0,010*** 8,56 4,86 4,03 1,2 - 1,6 2,6 - 3,0 1,1 - 1,3 III - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 150 mg/L 22 Masa, g Lungimea, cm Diametrul, cm 0,90 ± 0,058 2,50 ± 0,058 1,07 ± 0,033 11,11 4,00 5,41 0,8 - 1,0 2,4 - 2,6 1,0 - 1,1 IV - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 200 mg/L 18 Masa, g Lungimea, cm Diametrul, cm - - - - - - - - - V - Sirop de zahăr pur (martor I) 17 Masa, g Lungimea, cm Diametrul, cm 0,88 ± 0,066 2,48 ± 0,036 1,09 ± 0,008 7,58 5,98 3,05 0,8 - 1,0 2,3 - 2,7 1,0 - 1,1 VI- Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer Праймiкс - Бiонорм П 100 mg/L (martor II) 8 Masa, g Lungimea, cm Diametrul, cm 0,76 ± 0,030 2,29 ± 0,051 1,01 ± 0,014 10,39 5,88 3,73 0,7 - 0,9 2,1 - 2,5 1,0 - 1,1Lot No. of the bolls Indices X ± Sx V, % Limits I - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 50 mg/L 26 Mass, g Length, cm Diameter, cm 0.95 ± 0.028 2.74 ± 0.034 1.06 ± 0.010 14.95 6.14 4.60 0.7 - 1.3 2.4 - 3.0 1.0 - 1.1 II - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 100 mg/L 28 Mass, g Length, cm Diameter, cm 1.30±0.024*** 2.79±0.030*** 1.19±0.010*** 8.56 4.86 4.03 1.2 - 1.6 2.6 - 3.0 1.1 - 1.3 III - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 150 mg/L 22 Mass, g Length, cm Diameter, cm 0.90 ± 0.058 2.50 ± 0.058 1.07 ± 0.033 11.11 4.00 5.41 0.8 - 1.0 2.4 - 2.6 1.0 - 1.1 IV - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 200 mg/L 18 Mass, g Length, cm Diameter, cm - - - - - - - - - V - Pure sugar syrup (control I) 17 Mass, g Length, cm Diameter, cm 0.88 ± 0.066 2.48 ± 0.036 1.09 ± 0.008 7.58 5.98 3.05 0.8 - 1.0 2.3 - 2.7 1.0 - 1.1 VI- Sugar syrup + feed additive Праймiкс - Бiонорм П 100 mg/L (control II) 8 Mass, g Length, cm Diameter, cm 0.76 ± 0.030 2.29 ± 0.051 1.01 ± 0.014 10.39 5.88 3.73 0.7 - 0.9 2.1 - 2.5 1.0 - 1.1
Notă: semnificaţia diferenţelor medii este autentică: *** B ≥ 0,999 Note: the significance of the mean differences is authentic: *** B ≥ 0.999
Masa corporală a mătcilor neîmperecheate în loturile martor I şi II a constituit în medie 164,17…175,2 mg (tabelul 3). The body mass of unmated queens in control groups I and II was on average 164.17…175.2 mg (table 3).
S-a relevat că masa corporală a mătcilor neîmperecheate în loturile experimentale a fost de 176,07…176,08 mg cu variaţia între 164 şi 213 mg, sau cu 11,90…11,91 mg mai mare ca a celor obţinute din lotul martor I (B ≥ 0,99). Masa mătcilor neîmperecheate din lotul III a fost cu 7,25% mai mare ca la lotul V (martor I) şi cu 0,5% mai mare ca la lotul VI (martor II). It was revealed that the body mass of unmated queens in the experimental groups was 176.07…176.08 mg with a variation between 164 and 213 mg, or 11.90…11.91 mg higher than those obtained from control group I (B ≥ 0.99). The mass of unmated queens in group III was 7.25% higher than in group V (control I) and 0.5% higher than in group VI (control II).
Tabelul 3 Table 3
Masa corporală a mătcilor neîmperecheate, Body mass of unmated queens,
stupina de reproducere Albinărie (1. 07. 2013) breeding apiary Beekeeping (1. 07. 2013)
Lotul Nr. mătcilor X ± Sx V, % Limite I - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 50 mg/L 16 176,07±3,119** 6,86 164 - 213 II - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 100 mg/L 13 176,08±2,524** 4,96 164 - 191 III - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 150 mg/L - - - - IV - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 200 mg/L - - - - V - Sirop de zahăr pur (martor I) 13 164,17 ± 2,128 4,49 152 - 181 VI- Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer Праймiкс - Бiонорм П 100 mg/L (martor II) 8 175,2±3,644* 5,88 162 - 188Lot No. queens X ± Sx V, % Limits I - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 50 mg/L 16 176.07±3.119** 6.86 164 - 213 II - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 100 mg/L 13 176.08±2.524** 4.96 164 - 191 III - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 150 mg/L - - - - IV - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 200 mg/L - - - - V - Pure sugar syrup (control I) 13 164.17 ± 2.128 4.49 152 - 181 VI- Sugar syrup + feed additive Праймiкс - Бiонорм П 100 mg/L (control II) 8 175.2±3.644* 5.88 162 - 188
Notă: semnificaţia diferenţelor medii este autentică: * B ≥ 0,95; **B ≥ 0,99 Note: the significance of the mean differences is authentic: * B ≥ 0.95; **B ≥ 0.99
Masa corporală a mătcilor împerecheate la lotul VI (martor II) a constituit în medie 206,0 mg, iar la loturile experimentale a fost de 220,25 mg, cu 14,25 mg sau 6,92% mai mare decât la lotul martor. The body mass of mated queens in group VI (control II) was on average 206.0 mg, and in the experimental groups it was 220.25 mg, 14.25 mg or 6.92% higher than in the control group.
Experienţa II. În a doua experienţă, care s-a efectuat în prelungire la prima după căpăcirea botcelor (5 zile), s-a constatat că familiile doici, cărora li s-a administrat sirop de zahăr cu aditivul furajer în doză de 50….100 mg/L (lotul I şi II), din numărul total de larve transvazate au acceptat 63,33% sau cu 6,66% mai multe larve decât la lotul martor I (tabelul 6). La mărirea dozei procentul de acceptare scade până la 46,67% (lotul IV). Experiment II. In the second experiment, which was carried out as an extension of the first after the capping of the bolls (5 days), it was found that the nurse families, which were administered sugar syrup with the feed additive in a dose of 50….100 mg/L (lot I and II), of the total number of larvae transferred accepted 63.33% or 6.66% more larvae than in the control lot I (table 6). When the dose was increased, the acceptance percentage decreased to 46.67% (lot IV).
Tabelul 4 Table 4
Influenţa aditivilor furajeri asupra acceptării larvelor transvazate, stupina de reproducere Albinărie (26. 06. 2013) Influence of feed additives on the acceptance of transferred larvae, breeding apiary Albinărie (26. 06. 2013)
Lotul Numărul de larve transvazate, buc. Numărul de larve acceptate buc. % I - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 50 mg/L 30 19 63,33 II - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 100 mg/L 30 19 63,33 III - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 150 mg/L 30 14 46,67 IV - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 200 mg/L 30 - - V - Sirop de zahăr pur (martor I) 30 17 56,67 VI- Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer (Праймiкс - Бiонорм П ), 100 mg/L (martor II) 33 25 75,76Batch Number of transferred larvae, pcs. Number of accepted larvae pcs. % I - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 50 mg/L 30 19 63.33 II - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 100 mg/L 30 19 63.33 III - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 150 mg/L 30 14 46.67 IV - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 200 mg/L 30 - - V - Pure sugar syrup (control I) 30 17 56.67 VI- Sugar syrup + feed additive (Праймiкс - Бiонорм П ), 100 mg/L (control II) 33 25 75.76
Cele mai voluminoase botce au fost crescute în familiile experimentale din lotul I, care au masa de 1,31 g sau cu 39,36% mai mare ca la lotul V (martor I) şi cu 77,03% mai mare ca la lotul VI (martor II), lungimea de 3,14 cm, respectiv cu 19,85% mai mare ca la martor I şi cu 33,62% mai mare ca la martor II (tabelul 5). The most voluminous bots were raised in the experimental families in group I, which have a mass of 1.31 g or 39.36% higher than in group V (control I) and 77.03% higher than in group VI (control II), a length of 3.14 cm, respectively 19.85% higher than in control I and 33.62% higher than in control II (table 5).
Tabelul 5 Table 5
Influenţa aditivului furajer asupra masei, lungimii şi lăţimii botcelor, The influence of the feed additive on the mass, length and width of the calves,
stupina de reproducere Albinărie (01. 07. 2013) breeding apiary Beekeeping (01. 07. 2013)
Lotul Nr. botcelor Indicii X ± Sx V, % Limite I - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 50 mg/L 19 Masa, g Lungimea, cm Diametrul, cm 1,31±0,038*** 3,14±0,039*** 1,16±0,014** 12,24 5,26 5,23 1,1 - 1,6 2,8 - 3,3 1,1 - 1,3 II - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 100 mg/L 8 Masa, g Lungimea, cm Diametrul, cm 1,09±0,040*** 2,50 ± 0,065 1,14 ± 0,018* 10,35 7,41 4,55 1,0 - 1,3 2,3 - 2,8 1,1 - 1,2 III - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 150 mg/L 13 Masa, g Lungimea, cm Diametrul, cm 1,23±0,026*** 2,71 ± 0,024 1,20±0,020*** 7,70 3,18 5,89 1,1 - 1,4 2,6 - 2,9 1,1 - 1,3 IV - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 200 mg/L 18 Masa, g Lungimea, cm Diametrul, cm - - - - - - - - - V - Sirop de zahăr pur (martor I) 5 Masa, g Lungimea, cm Diametrul, cm 0,94 ± 0,024 2,62 ± 0,058 1,06 ± 0,024 5,83 4,98 5,17 0,9- 1,0 2,4 - 2,7 1,0 - 1,1 VI- Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer (Праймiкс - Бiонорм П), 100 mg/L (martor II) 7 Masa, g Lungimea, cm Diametrul, cm 0,74 ± 0,073 2,35 ± 0,070 1,01 ± 0,018 31,34 9,46 5,62 0,5 - 1,2 2,1 - 2,4 0,9 - 1,1Lot No. of the bolls Indices X ± Sx V, % Limits I - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 50 mg/L 19 Mass, g Length, cm Diameter, cm 1.31±0.038*** 3.14±0.039*** 1.16±0.014** 12.24 5.26 5.23 1.1 - 1.6 2.8 - 3.3 1.1 - 1.3 II - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 100 mg/L 8 Mass, g Length, cm Diameter, cm 1.09±0.040*** 2.50 ± 0.065 1.14 ± 0.018* 10.35 7.41 4.55 1.0 - 1.3 2.3 - 2.8 1.1 - 1.2 III - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 150 mg/L 13 Mass, g Length, cm Diameter, cm 1.23±0.026*** 2.71 ± 0.024 1.20±0.020*** 7.70 3.18 5.89 1.1 - 1.4 2.6 - 2.9 1.1 - 1.3 IV - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 200 mg/L 18 Mass, g Length, cm Diameter, cm - - - - - - - - - V - Pure sugar syrup (control I) 5 Mass, g Length, cm Diameter, cm 0.94 ± 0.024 2.62 ± 0.058 1.06 ± 0.024 5.83 4.98 5.17 0.9- 1.0 2.4 - 2.7 1.0 - 1.1 VI- Sugar syrup + feed additive (Праймiкс - Бiонорм П), 100 mg/L (control II) 7 Mass, g Length, cm Diameter, cm 0.74 ± 0.073 2.35 ± 0.070 1.01 ± 0.018 31.34 9.46 5.62 0.5 - 1.2 2.1 - 2.4 0.9 - 1.1
Notă: semnificaţia diferenţelor medii este autentică: *** B ≥ 0,999 Note: the significance of the mean differences is authentic: *** B ≥ 0.999
Botcele obţinute de la familiile de albine doici din loturile experimentale au fost mai bine dezvoltate având diametrul de 1,14…1,20 cm, iar cele crescute în loturile martor - de 1,01…1,06 cm. The combs obtained from nurse bee colonies in the experimental batches were better developed, with a diameter of 1.14…1.20 cm, and those raised in the control batches - 1.01…1.06 cm.
Masa corporală a mătcilor neîmperecheate crescute a variat între 184,4 şi 193,1 g, iar la lotul martor corespunzător - între 181,3 şi 182,0 mg (tabelul 6). The body mass of the reared unmated queens varied between 184.4 and 193.1 g, and in the corresponding control group - between 181.3 and 182.0 mg (table 6).
Tabelul 6 Table 6
Masa corporală a mătcilor neîmperecheate, Body mass of unmated queens,
stupina de reproducere Albinărie (04. 07. 2013) breeding apiary Beekeeping (04. 07. 2013)
Lotul Nr. mătcilor X ± Sx V, % Limite I - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 50 mg/L 15 193,1 ± 3,194* 6,40 174 - 209 II - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 100 mg/L 7 184,4 ± 3,664 5,26 172 - 196 III - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 150 mg/L 8 187 ± 6,100 9,23 170 - 221 IV - Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer, 200 mg/L - - - - V - Sirop de zahăr pur (martor I) 5 182,0 ± 4,536 5,60 159 - 185 VI- Sirop de zahăr + aditiv furajer (Праймiкс - Бiонорм П), 100 mg/L (martor II) 5 181,3 ± 9,821 9,38 162 - 194Lot No. queens X ± Sx V, % Limits I - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 50 mg/L 15 193.1 ± 3.194* 6.40 174 - 209 II - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 100 mg/L 7 184.4 ± 3.664 5.26 172 - 196 III - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 150 mg/L 8 187 ± 6.100 9.23 170 - 221 IV - Sugar syrup + feed additive, 200 mg/L - - - - V - Pure sugar syrup (control I) 5 182.0 ± 4.536 5.60 159 - 185 VI- Sugar syrup + feed additive (Праймiкс - Бiонорм П), 100 mg/L (control II) 5 181.3 ± 9.821 9.38 162 - 194
Notă: semnificaţia diferenţelor medii este autentică: * B ≥ 0,95 Note: the significance of the mean differences is authentic: * B ≥ 0.95
Masa corporală a mătcilor neîmperecheate din loturile experimentale a fost cu 1,32…6,1% mai mare decât în lotul martor I şi cu 1,71…6,51% mai mare decât în lotul martor II. The body mass of unmated queens in the experimental groups was 1.32…6.1% higher than in control group I and 1.71…6.51% higher than in control group II.
Din rezultatele prezentate se vede că cantitatea optimală de aditiv furajer la creşterea mătcilor, în lipsa culesului nectaro-polinifer, este de 50…100 mg/L, câte 1 L la momentul introducerii larvelor transvazate, apoi câte 0,5 L până la căpăcirea botcelor (4 zile), după aceasta se introduce o altă ramă cu larve transvazate şi albinele doici sunt hrănite după aceeaşi schemă. From the presented results it can be seen that the optimal amount of feed additive for queen rearing, in the absence of nectar-polliniferous collection, is 50…100 mg/L, 1 L at the time of introducing the transferred larvae, then 0.5 L until the hives are covered (4 days), after which another frame with transferred larvae is introduced and the nurse bees are fed according to the same scheme.
Aşadar, la realizarea procedeului propus la creşterea mătcilor se asigură acceptarea larvelor transvazate 63,33…93,33%, botcele crescute au masa mai mare decât la lotul martor cu 39,36…77,03%, lungimea respectiv cu 12,5…33,62%, diametrul - cu 7,5…17,82% şi masa mătcilor neîmperecheate - cu 0,5…7,25% şi a celor fecundate - cu 1,71…6,51% mai mare ca la lotul martor. Therefore, when carrying out the proposed procedure for raising queens, the acceptance of the transferred larvae is ensured by 63.33…93.33%, the raised queens have a mass greater than in the control group by 39.36…77.03%, the length by 12.5…33.62%, the diameter - by 7.5…17.82% and the mass of unmated queens - by 0.5…7.25% and of fertilized ones - by 1.71…6.51% higher than in the control group.
1. Кривцов Н.И., Лебедев В.И., Туников Г.М. Пчеловодство. Москва. Колос, 2000, р. 192-200 1. Krivtsov N.I., Lebedev V.I., Tunikov G.M. Beekeeping. Moscow. Колос, 2000, р. 192-200
2. MD 567 Y 2012.12.31 2. MD 567 Y 2012.12.31
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| Буненин Н.Л., Котова Г.Н. Справочник по пчеловодству. Москва, Колос, 1977, р. 27-29 * |
| Кривцов Н.И., Лебедев В.И., Туников Г.М. Пчеловодство. Москва. Колос, 2000, р. 192-200 * |
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