MD1202Z - Process for growing bee families - Google Patents
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- MD1202Z MD1202Z MDS20170083A MDS20170083A MD1202Z MD 1202 Z MD1202 Z MD 1202Z MD S20170083 A MDS20170083 A MD S20170083A MD S20170083 A MDS20170083 A MD S20170083A MD 1202 Z MD1202 Z MD 1202Z
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- immunomodulator
- sugar syrup
- honey
- bee colonies
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 235000020374 simple syrup Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000002519 immonomodulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000186016 Bifidobacterium bifidum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001608472 Bifidobacterium longum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000001046 Lactobacillus acidophilus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013956 Lactobacillus acidophilus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013960 Lactobacillus bulgaricus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000186840 Lactobacillus fermentum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940002008 bifidobacterium bifidum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940009291 bifidobacterium longum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940039695 lactobacillus acidophilus Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940004208 lactobacillus bulgaricus Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940012969 lactobacillus fermentum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000186672 Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 50
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 abstract description 39
- 238000009341 apiculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229960000448 lactic acid Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002955 immunomodulating agent Substances 0.000 description 78
- 230000002584 immunomodulator Effects 0.000 description 78
- 229940121354 immunomodulator Drugs 0.000 description 78
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 description 32
- 244000144987 brood Species 0.000 description 28
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 21
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 12
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 241000220479 Acacia Species 0.000 description 9
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000020939 nutritional additive Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000199885 Lactobacillus bulgaricus Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000256837 Apidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000017363 positive regulation of growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Invenţia se referă la apicultură, în particular la un procedeu de creştere a familiilor de albine. The invention relates to beekeeping, in particular to a method of raising bee colonies.
Albinele melifere se alimentează cu nectar, miere, polen, păstură şi apă. Ele colectează de pe florile plantelor nectar şi polen, pe care le prelucrează în hrană: miere şi păstură. Hrana albinelor conţine toate substanţele nutritive vitale necesare: proteine, lipide, glucide, substanţe minerale, vitamine. Honey bees feed on nectar, honey, pollen, pollen and water. They collect nectar and pollen from plant flowers, which they process into food: honey and pollen. Bee food contains all the vital nutrients needed: proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins.
Pentru procesele vitale familia de albine are nevoie de o cantitate considerabilă de miere şi păstură. O familie puternică pe parcursul anului consumă 90 kg miere: în perioada repausului de iarnă cca 10 kg, iar în perioada vitală activă primăvara, vara şi toamna cca 80 kg (la întreţinerea vieţii indivizilor adulţi, hrănirea larvelor, secreţia cerii, consumul energetic în timpul zborului, prelucrarea nectarului în miere) [1]. For vital processes, the bee colony needs a considerable amount of honey and brood. A strong colony consumes 90 kg of honey during the year: during the winter rest period about 10 kg, and during the active vital period in spring, summer and autumn about 80 kg (for the maintenance of the life of adult individuals, feeding larvae, wax secretion, energy consumption during flight, processing nectar into honey) [1].
În cazurile când în familie cantitatea rezervei de hrană este insuficientă, albinele trebuie să fie alimentate suplimentar. In cases where the amount of food reserve in the family is insufficient, the bees must be fed additionally.
Este cunoscută metoda de alimentare a albinelor, în calitate de înlocuitori ai mierii se foloseşte zahărul. Pentru stimularea creşterii puietului în perioada de primăvară se foloseşte sirop de zahăr de 50% (1 kg de zahăr la 1 L de apă) [2]. The method of feeding bees is known, using sugar as a substitute for honey. To stimulate the growth of brood in the spring, 50% sugar syrup is used (1 kg of sugar to 1 L of water) [2].
Dezavantajul acestui procedeu constă în aceea că albinele nu atât de eficient utilizează hrana la creşterea puterii puietului căpăcit şi a producţiei de miere. The disadvantage of this process is that the bees do not use the food as efficiently to increase the strength of the brood and honey production.
Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia propusă constă în lărgirea sortimentului de substanţe biologic active cu efect stimulator, ce sporesc rezistenţa la iernare a familiilor de albine, păstrarea efectivului, eficienţa utilizării hranei, creşterea puterii numărului puietului căpăcit, a prolificităţii mătcilor şi a productivităţii familiilor de albine. The problem solved by the proposed invention consists in expanding the range of biologically active substances with a stimulating effect, which increase the wintering resistance of bee colonies, the preservation of the population, the efficiency of food use, the increase in the number of brood hatched, the prolificacy of queens and the productivity of bee colonies.
Procedeul de creştere a familiilor de albine are un efect înalt la sporirea rezistenţei la iernare, dezvoltarea timpurie, creşterea puterii, numărului puietului căpăcit, prolificităţii mătcilor şi a producţiei de miere. The process of raising bee colonies has a high effect on increasing winter resistance, early development, increased strength, the number of brood hatched, the prolificacy of queens and honey production.
Problema se soluţionează prin aceea că se propune un procedeu de creştere a familiilor de albine, care include hrănirea acestora cu un amestec din sirop de zahăr de 50% şi un preparat imunomodulator în cantitate de 0,002…0,018 ml/L de sirop de zahăr, amestecul fiind administrat în cantitate de 1,5…3,0 L la o familie, de 2…3 ori toamna, în luna septembrie, peste 1…4 zile, şi 1L de amestec la o familie, peste fiecare 10…12 zile primăvara, din luna aprilie până la începutul culesului principal, totodată preparatul imunomodulator conţine: peptide cu greutatea moleculară mică din pereţii celulari ai bacteriilor malolactice ale tulpinilor: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, cel puţin 500 mg/100 ml. The problem is solved by proposing a process for growing bee colonies, which includes feeding them with a mixture of 50% sugar syrup and an immunomodulatory preparation in an amount of 0.002…0.018 ml/L of sugar syrup, the mixture being administered in an amount of 1.5…3.0 L per colony, 2…3 times in the fall, in September, over 1…4 days, and 1L of the mixture per colony, over every 10…12 days in the spring, from April until the beginning of the main harvest, at the same time the immunomodulatory preparation contains: low molecular weight peptides from the cell walls of malolactic bacteria of the strains: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, at least 500 mg/100 ml.
În calitate de imunomodulator este utilizat preparatul veterinar „Бiовiр-П”, ТУ У 21.2-2661009934-004:2016 produs în Ucraina. The veterinary preparation "Бiовiр-П", ТУ У 21.2-2661009934-004:2016 produced in Ukraine, is used as an immunomodulator.
Preparatul prezintă o emulsie lichidă cu componenţi biologic activi, fără impurităţi, care conţine: peptide cu greutate moleculară mică cel puţin 500 mg/100 ml, microorganisme aerobe viabile, cel mult 103 CFU/ml şi fungi 102 UFC/ml. The preparation presents a liquid emulsion with biologically active components, free of impurities, which contains: peptides with low molecular weight at least 500 mg/100 ml, viable aerobic microorganisms, at most 103 CFU/ml and fungi 102 UFC/ml.
Avantajele aplicării procedeului de creştere a familiilor de albine în lipsa culesului nectaro-polinifer şi atunci când rezervele de hrană din cuib sunt reduse sporeşte rezistenţa la iernare, creşte puterea familiei de albine în perioada de primăvară cu un impact asupra păstrării efectivului, prolificităţii mătcilor şi a producţiei de miere. The advantages of applying the bee colony raising process in the absence of nectar-pollinaire collection and when food reserves in the nest are reduced are: it increases resistance to wintering, increases the strength of the bee colony in the spring with an impact on the maintenance of the population, the prolificacy of queens and honey production.
Rezultatul invenţiei constă în sporirea rezistenţei la iernare a familiilor de albine, creşterea puterii familiei de albine în perioada de primăvară şi păstrarea efectivului, avansarea prolificităţii mătcilor şi a producţiei de miere. The result of the invention consists in increasing the wintering resistance of bee colonies, increasing the strength of the bee colony in the spring and preserving the population, advancing the prolificacy of queens and honey production.
Exemplu de realizare a invenţiei Example of embodiment of the invention
Procedeul de creştere a familiilor de albine, conform invenţiei, include hrănirea acestora cu un amestec din sirop de zahăr de 50% şi un preparat imunomodulator în cantitate de 0,002…0,018 ml/L de sirop de zahăr, amestecul fiind administrat în cantitate de 1,5…3,0 L la o familie, de 2…3 ori toamna, în luna septembrie, peste 1…4 zile, şi 1L de amestec la o familie, peste fiecare 10…12 zile, primăvara, din luna aprilie până la începutul culesului principal, totodată preparatul imunomodulator conţine: peptide cu greutatea moleculară mică din pereţii celulari ai bacteriilor malolactice ale tulpinilor: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, cel puţin 500 mg/100 ml. The method of raising bee colonies, according to the invention, includes feeding them with a mixture of 50% sugar syrup and an immunomodulatory preparation in an amount of 0.002…0.018 ml/L of sugar syrup, the mixture being administered in an amount of 1.5…3.0 L per colony, 2…3 times in the fall, in September, over 1…4 days, and 1L of the mixture per colony, over every 10…12 days, in the spring, from April until the beginning of the main harvest, at the same time the immunomodulatory preparation contains: low molecular weight peptides from the cell walls of malolactic bacteria of the strains: Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, at least 500 mg/100 ml.
Amestecul de sirop cu imunomodulator se prepară în felul următor: apa se încălzeşte până la fierbere, apoi se adaugă zahărul în raport de 1:1, soluţia se agită până se dizolvă complet zahărul. Când siropul se răceşte până la temperatura de 30...40°C se adaugă imunomodulatorul în cantitate de 0,002...0,018 ml la un litru de sirop de zahăr de 50%, care se dizolvă în 80...100 ml apă, şi se agită împreună. Albinele se hrănesc seara în perioada de toamnă, de 2...3 ori câte 1,0...3,0 L, şi primăvara, din primele zile ale lunii aprilie, cu un litru de amestec la o familie, odată la 10...12 zile, de 2...3 ori, până la începutul culesului principal de la salcâmul alb. The syrup mixture with immunomodulator is prepared as follows: water is heated to boiling, then sugar is added in a 1:1 ratio, the solution is stirred until the sugar is completely dissolved. When the syrup cools to a temperature of 30...40°C, the immunomodulator is added in an amount of 0.002...0.018 ml per liter of 50% sugar syrup, which is dissolved in 80...100 ml of water, and stirred together. Bees are fed in the evening in the autumn period, 2...3 times 1.0...3.0 L, and in the spring, from the first days of April, with one liter of the mixture per family, once every 10...12 days, 2...3 times, until the beginning of the main harvest from white locust.
Pentru determinarea dozei optime şi a condiţiilor favorabile de realizare a procedeului propus a fost studiată influenţa imunomodulatorului asupra stimulării creşterii, dezvoltării şi productivităţii familiilor de albine în perioada de primăvară şi a rezistenţei la iernare, la diferite stupine (din s. Mingir, r-nul Hânceşti; s. Coloniţa, r-nul Anenii Noi; or. Călăraşi; s. Bardar, r-nul Ialoveni şi UASM mun. Chişinău). To determine the optimal dose and favorable conditions for carrying out the proposed procedure, the influence of the immunomodulator on the stimulation of growth, development and productivity of bee colonies in the spring and wintering resistance was studied in different apiaries (from Mingir village, Hânceşti district; Coloniţa village, Anenii Noi district; Călăraşi town; Bardar village, Ialoveni district and UASM Chişinău municipality).
Experienţa I. Experience I.
Pentru determinarea dozei optime a bioregulatorului la stupina din satul Mingir, r-nul Hânceşti, au fost formate patru loturi de familii de albine, câte 3 în fiecare, inclusiv 1 martor şi 3 experimentale. Familiilor de albine din lotul I martor li s-a administrat câte un litru de sirop de zahăr pur odată la 10...12 zile. Familiilor de albine din lotul II li s-a administrat câte ul litru de amestec de sirop de zahăr cu 0,002 ml/L de imunomodulator, lotul II - 0,005 ml/L, lotul III - 0,008 ml/L. To determine the optimal dose of the bioregulator at the apiary in Mingir village, Hânceşti district, four batches of bee colonies were formed, 3 in each, including 1 control and 3 experimental. The bee colonies in the first control batch were administered one liter of pure sugar syrup every 10...12 days. The bee colonies in the second batch were administered one liter of a mixture of sugar syrup with 0.002 ml/L of immunomodulator, batch II - 0.005 ml/L, batch III - 0.008 ml/L.
La controlul efectuat la începutul hrănirii albinelor pe data de 17 aprilie 2015 s-a stabilit că puterea famliilor era în medie de 6,2...6,4 spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine, numărul puietului căpăcit 48,4...51,6 sute celule şi rezerva de hrană 3,6...4,2 kg (tabelul 1). During the control carried out at the beginning of the bee feeding on April 17, 2015, it was established that the strength of the families was on average 6.2...6.4 spaces between the honeycombs populated with bees, the number of brood hatched 48.4...51.6 hundred cells and the food reserve 3.6...4.2 kg (table 1).
La controlul efectuat pe data de 30 mai 2015, după culesul de la salcâmul alb s-a constatat că familiile de albine din lotul II şi III s-au dezvoltat mai bine şi au depozitat în medie câte 25,57 şi 27,08 kg sau cu 7,72 kg (43,25%) şi 9,23 kg (51,71%) mai mult faţă de lotul martor. During the inspection carried out on May 30, 2015, after harvesting from the white acacia, it was found that the bee colonies in batches II and III developed better and stored an average of 25.57 and 27.08 kg, or 7.72 kg (43.25%) and 9.23 kg (51.71%) more than the control batch.
Tabelul 1 Table 1
Influenţa aditivului nutriţional asupra dezvoltării şi a productivităţii familiilor de albine la stupina din s. Mingir The influence of nutritional additives on the development and productivity of bee colonies in the apiary in Mingir village
Loturile Puterea, spaţii dintre faguri populaţi cu albine Puiet căpăcit, sute celule Miere, kg 17.04.2015 (înainte de hrănire) I - Sirop de zahăr pur (martor) 6,2 ± 0,735 51,6 ± 7,393 4,2 ± 0,374 II - Imunomodulator - 0,002 ml/L 6,4 ± 0,678 48,4 ± 8,976 3,6 ± 0,748 III - Imunomodulator - 0,005 ml/L 6,2 ± 0,49 51,6 ± 8,406 3,6 ± 0,245 IV - Imunomodulator - 0,008 ml/lL 6,2 ± 0,374 50,8 ± 9,019 3,6 ± 0,245 30.05.2015 (după culesul melifer de la salcâmul alb) I - Sirop de zahăr pur (martor) 14,4 ± 2,088 115,2 ± 29,07 17,85 ± 5,80 II - Imunomodulator - 0,002 ml/L 16,8 ± 0,735 140,4 ± 3,906 25,57 ± 4,227 III - Imunomodulator - 0,005 ml/L 17,7 ± 0,479 131,0 ± 15,149 27,08 ± 3,648 IV - Imunomodulator - 0,008 ml/L 17,2 ± 0,25 151,5 ± 25,26 23,93 ± 1,927Batches Power, spaces between combs populated with bees Capped brood, hundreds of cells Honey, kg 17.04.2015 (before feeding) I - Pure sugar syrup (control) 6.2 ± 0.735 51.6 ± 7.393 4.2 ± 0.374 II - Immunomodulator - 0.002 ml/L 6.4 ± 0.678 48.4 ± 8.976 3.6 ± 0.748 III - Immunomodulator - 0.005 ml/L 6.2 ± 0.49 51.6 ± 8.406 3.6 ± 0.245 IV - Immunomodulator - 0.008 ml/lL 6.2 ± 0.374 50.8 ± 9.019 3.6 ± 0.245 30.05.2015 (after honey collection from white locust) I - Pure sugar syrup (control) 14.4 ± 2.088 115.2 ± 29.07 17.85 ± 5.80 II - Immunomodulator - 0.002 ml/L 16.8 ± 0.735 140.4 ± 3.906 25.57 ± 4.227 III - Immunomodulator - 0.005 ml/L 17.7 ± 0.479 131.0 ± 15.149 27.08 ± 3.648 IV - Immunomodulator - 0.008 ml/L 17.2 ± 0.25 151.5 ± 25.26 23.93 ± 1.927
Prolificitatea mătcilor în această perioadă a constituit la loturile experimentale în medie 1092...1262 ouă în 24 ore, sau cu 13,75...31,46% mai mult faţă de lotul martor 960 buc. The prolificacy of queens during this period was on average 1092...1262 eggs in 24 hours in the experimental groups, or 13.75...31.46% more than the control group of 960 pieces.
Experienţa II a fost efectuată la stupina din s. Coloniţa, r-nul Anenii Noi, unde au fost formate patru loturi, inclusiv 1 martor şi 3 experimentale. Familiilor de albine din lotul I martor li s-a administrat câte un litru de sirop de zahăr pur odată la 10...12 zile. Familiilor de albine din lotul II li s-a administrat câte un litru de amestec de sirop de zahăr cu 0,003 ml/L de imunomodulator, lotul II - 0,006 ml/L, lotul III - 0,010 ml/L. Experiment II was carried out at the apiary in the village of Coloniţa, Anenii Noi district, where four groups were formed, including 1 control and 3 experimental. The bee colonies in the control group I were administered one liter of pure sugar syrup every 10...12 days. The bee colonies in the group II were administered one liter of a mixture of sugar syrup with 0.003 ml/L of immunomodulator, group II - 0.006 ml/L, group III - 0.010 ml/L.
La controlul efectuat la începutul hrănirii albinelor pe data de 28 aprilie 2015 s-a stabilit că puterea familiilor era în medie de 6,33...7,0 spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine, numărul puietului căpăcit 80,0...84,33 sute celule şi rezerva de hrană 2,0...2,33 kg (tabelul 2). During the control carried out at the beginning of bee feeding on April 28, 2015, it was established that the strength of the families was on average 6.33...7.0 spaces between the honeycombs populated with bees, the number of brood hatched 80.0...84.33 hundred cells and the food reserve 2.0...2.33 kg (table 2).
Tabelul 2 Table 2
Influenţa aditivului nutriţional asupra dezvoltării şi a productivităţii familiilor de albine la stupina din s. Coloniţa The influence of the nutritional additive on the development and productivity of bee colonies in the apiary in the village of Coloniţa
Loturile Puterea, spaţii dintre faguri populaţi cu albine Puiet căpăcit, sute celule Miere, kg 28.04.2015 (înainte de hrănire) I - Sirop de zahăr pur (martor) 7,0 ± 0,577 80,67 ± 4,667 2,33 ± 0,333 II - Imunomodulator - 0,003 ml/ L 6,33 ± 0,667 80,0 ± 13,051 2,0 ± 0,577 III - Imunomodulator - 0,006 ml/L 6,33 ± 0,667 83,33 ± 14,621 2,0 ± 0,00 IV - Imunomodulator - 0,010 ml/L 7,0 ± 0,577 84,33 ± 7,311 2,0 ± 0,00 06.06.2015 (după culesul melifer de la salcâmul alb) I - Sirop de zahăr pur (martor) 12,67 ± 2,186 85,0 ± 10,017 28,17 ± 6,464 II - Imunomodulator - 0,003 ml/L 12,33 ± 1,333 121,0 ± 16,803 27,73 ± 1,785 III - Imunomodulator - 0,006 ml/L 15,33 ± 2,333 107,33 ± 22,184 34,97 ± 6,771 IV - Imunomodulator - 0,010 ml/L 16,33 ± 0,882 140,7 ± 12,33 39,8 ± 2,501Batches Power, spaces between combs populated with bees Hatched brood, hundreds of cells Honey, kg 28.04.2015 (before feeding) I - Pure sugar syrup (control) 7.0 ± 0.577 80.67 ± 4.667 2.33 ± 0.333 II - Immunomodulator - 0.003 ml/ L 6.33 ± 0.667 80.0 ± 13.051 2.0 ± 0.577 III - Immunomodulator - 0.006 ml/L 6.33 ± 0.667 83.33 ± 14.621 2.0 ± 0.00 IV - Immunomodulator - 0.010 ml/L 7.0 ± 0.577 84.33 ± 7.311 2.0 ± 0.00 06.06.2015 (after honey collection from white locust) I - Pure sugar syrup (control) 12.67 ± 2.186 85.0 ± 10.017 28.17 ± 6.464 II - Immunomodulator - 0.003 ml/L 12.33 ± 1.333 121.0 ± 16.803 27.73 ± 1.785 III - Immunomodulator - 0.006 ml/L 15.33 ± 2.333 107.33 ± 22.184 34.97 ± 6.771 IV - Immunomodulator - 0.010 ml/L 16.33 ± 0.882 140.7 ± 12.33 39.8 ± 2.501
La controlul efectuat după culesul melifer de la salcâmul alb s-a constatat că puterea familiilor de albine a variat între 12,33 şi 16,33 spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine. Mai bine s-au dezvoltat familiile de albine din loturile III şi IV care au crescut cu 2,66 spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine (20,99%) şi 3,66 (28,89%) faţă de lotul martor. Familiile de albine din loturile experimentale au crescut mai mult puiet căpăcit cu 26,27...65,53% faţă de lotul martor. Cu majorarea dozei a sporit şi productivitatea familiilor de albine, cea mai mare fiind la lotul IV (0,010 ml/l) de 39,8 kg de miere sau cu 41,29% mai mare ca la lotul martor. The control carried out after the honey collection from the white acacia tree showed that the strength of the bee colonies varied between 12.33 and 16.33 spaces between the honeycombs populated with bees. The bee colonies from groups III and IV developed better, increasing by 2.66 spaces between the honeycombs populated with bees (20.99%) and 3.66 (28.89%) compared to the control group. The bee colonies from the experimental groups increased the number of brood by 26.27...65.53% compared to the control group. With the increase in the dose, the productivity of the bee colonies also increased, the highest being in group IV (0.010 ml/l) of 39.8 kg of honey or 41.29% higher than in the control group.
Paralel această experienţă a fost efectuată şi la stupina din or. Călăraşi, unde au fost formate patru loturi, inclusiv 1 martor şi 3 experimentale. Familiile de albine au fost stimulate în aceleaşi doze. In parallel, this experiment was also carried out at the apiary in the city of Calarasi, where four groups were formed, including 1 control and 3 experimental. The bee colonies were stimulated in the same doses.
La controlul efectuat la începutul hrănirii albinelor pe data de 28 aprilie 2015 s-a stabilit că puterea familiilor era în medie de 6,0...6,33 spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine, numărul puietului căpăcit 93,33...109,33 sute celule şi rezerva de hrană 3,33...4,67 kg (tabelul 3). During the control carried out at the beginning of bee feeding on April 28, 2015, it was established that the strength of the families was on average 6.0...6.33 spaces between the honeycombs populated with bees, the number of brood hatched 93.33...109.33 hundred cells and the food reserve 3.33...4.67 kg (table 3).
Tabelul 3 Table 3
Influenţa aditivului nutriţional asupra dezvoltării şi productivităţii familiilor de albine la stupina din or. Călăraşi The influence of nutritional additives on the development and productivity of bee colonies in the apiary in Călăraşi city
Loturile Puterea, spaţii dintre faguri populaţi cu albine Puiet căpăcit, sute celule Miere, kg 28.04.2015 (înainte de hrănire) I - Sirop de zahăr pur (martor) 6,33 ± 0,333 108,0 ± 7,234 4,67 ± 0,333 II - Imunomodulator - 0,003 ml/L 6,0 ± 1,528 93,33 ± 24,524 3,33 ± 0,882 III - Imunomodulator - 0,006 ml/L 6,33 ± 0,882 109,33 ± 14,17 4,0 ± 1,00 IV - Imunomodulator - 0,010 ml/L 6,0 ± 1,00 104,0 ± 6,351 3,67 ± 0,333 06.06.2015 (după culesul melifer de la salcâmul alb) I - Sirop de zahăr pur (martor) 20,0 ± 0,00 87,7 ± 37,45 49,53 ± 1,425 II - Imunomodulator - 0,003 ml/L 16,33 ± 3,712 105,7 ± 14,712 45,4 ± 13,926 III - Imunomodulator - 0,006 ml/L 19,7 ± 3,48 111,7 ± 35,554 48,97 ± 11,699 IV - Imunomodulator - 0,010 ml/L 20,0 ± 0,577 140,7 ± 16,33 52,10 ± 7,247Batches Power, spaces between combs populated with bees Hatched brood, hundreds of cells Honey, kg 28.04.2015 (before feeding) I - Pure sugar syrup (control) 6.33 ± 0.333 108.0 ± 7.234 4.67 ± 0.333 II - Immunomodulator - 0.003 ml/L 6.0 ± 1.528 93.33 ± 24.524 3.33 ± 0.882 III - Immunomodulator - 0.006 ml/L 6.33 ± 0.882 109.33 ± 14.17 4.0 ± 1.00 IV - Immunomodulator - 0.010 ml/L 6.0 ± 1.00 104.0 ± 6.351 3.67 ± 0.333 06.06.2015 (after honey collection from white locust) I - Pure sugar syrup (control) 20.0 ± 0.00 87.7 ± 37.45 49.53 ± 1.425 II - Immunomodulator - 0.003 ml/L 16.33 ± 3.712 105.7 ± 14.712 45.4 ± 13.926 III - Immunomodulator - 0.006 ml/L 19.7 ± 3.48 111.7 ± 35.554 48.97 ± 11.699 IV - Immunomodulator - 0.010 ml/L 20.0 ± 0.577 140.7 ± 16.33 52.10 ± 7.247
Stimularea familiilor de albine în perioada de primăvară s-a început pe data de 28 aprilie 2015, când li s-a administrat câte un litru de sirop odată la 10...12 zile. La controlul efectuat pe data de 6 iunie 2015 după culesul melifer de la salcâmul alb s-a constatat că puterea familiilor de albine a variat în medie între 16,33...20,0 spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine. Cu majorarea dozei de imunomodulator la un litru de sirop de zahăr a sporit şi numărul puietului căpăcit şi prolificitatea mătcilor. Cel mai mare număr de puiet căpăcit - 140,7 sute celule, a fost înregistrat la lotulul IV (0,010 ml/L), iar prolificitatea mătcilor a constituit 1172 ouă în 24 ore, cele din lotul martor 731 buc. Stimulation of bee colonies in the spring period began on April 28, 2015, when they were given one liter of syrup every 10...12 days. At the control carried out on June 6, 2015 after the honey collection from the white acacia, it was found that the strength of the bee colonies varied on average between 16.33...20.0 spaces between the honeycombs populated with bees. With the increase in the dose of immunomodulator per liter of sugar syrup, the number of hatched brood and the prolificacy of queens also increased. The highest number of hatched brood - 140.7 hundred cells, was recorded in the IV batch (0.010 ml/L), and the prolificacy of queens was 1172 eggs in 24 hours, those in the control batch 731 pcs.
După culesul de la salcâmul alb s-a depistat că cel mai bine au lucrat albinele din lotul IV (0,010 ml/L), care au depozitat în medie câte 52,1 kg sau cu 2,57 kg (5,19%) mai mult faţă de lotul martor. After harvesting from the white acacia, it was found that the bees from batch IV (0.010 ml/L) worked best, storing an average of 52.1 kg or 2.57 kg (5.19%) more than the control batch.
Experienţa III. Experience III.
La stupina din s. Bardar, r-nul Ialoveni în perioada de toamnă au fost formate 4 loturi, dintre care unul martor şi 3 experimentale, câte 3 familii de albine în fiecare. Familiilor de albine din lotul I (martor) li s-a administrat sirop de zahăr pur, la cele experimentale din lotul II li s-a administrat sirop de zahăr cu 0,003 ml/L de imunomodulator, lotul III cu 0,006 ml/L, lotul IV cu 0,01 ml/L. Hrănirea s-a efectuat în perioada pregătirii către repausul de iarnă şi completarea rezervelor de hrană pe data de 8.09.2015; 10.09.2015 şi 13.092015 câte un litru de sirop cu cantitatea respectivă de imonmodulator. At the apiary in the village of Bardar, Ialoveni district, 4 batches were formed in the autumn, one of which was a control and 3 experimental, with 3 bee colonies in each. The bee colonies in batch I (control) were administered pure sugar syrup, the experimental ones in batch II were administered sugar syrup with 0.003 ml/L of immunomodulator, batch III with 0.006 ml/L, batch IV with 0.01 ml/L. Feeding was carried out during the preparation for winter rest and replenishment of food reserves on 8.09.2015; 10.09.2015 and 13.09.2015, one liter of syrup with the respective amount of immunomodulator.
Rezultatele cercetărilor au demonstrat că la începutul hrănirii - pe data de 08.09.2015, familiile de albine aveau în cuib în medie câte 7,67...8,0 faguri, puterea fiind de 6,67...7,0 spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine, rezerva de miere 11,33...12,33 kg (tabelul 4). The research results showed that at the beginning of feeding - on 08.09.2015, bee colonies had an average of 7.67...8.0 combs in the nest, the strength being 6.67...7.0 spaces between combs populated with bees, the honey reserve 11.33...12.33 kg (table 4).
Tabelul 4 Table 4
Starea familiilor de albine înaintea hrănirii, la 08.09.2015 The condition of bee colonies before feeding, on 08.09.2015
Loturile Numărul fagurilor în familie, buc. Puterea familiilor, spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine Rezerva de miere, kg I - Sirop de zahăr (martor) 7,67 ± 0,667 6,67 ± 0,667 11,35 ± 2,848 II - Imunomodulator - 0,003 ml/L 8,0 ± 1,00 7,0 ± 1,00 11,33 ± 2,404 III - Imunomodulator - 0,006 ml/L 8,0 ± 1,00 7,0 ± 1,00 11,33 ± 2,404 IV - Imunomodulator - 0,01 ml/L 8,0 ± 1,00 7,0 ± 1,00 12,33 ± 2,333Batches Number of combs in the family, pcs. Family strength, spaces between combs populated with bees Honey reserve, kg I - Sugar syrup (control) 7.67 ± 0.667 6.67 ± 0.667 11.35 ± 2.848 II - Immunomodulator - 0.003 ml/L 8.0 ± 1.00 7.0 ± 1.00 11.33 ± 2.404 III - Immunomodulator - 0.006 ml/L 8.0 ± 1.00 7.0 ± 1.00 11.33 ± 2.404 IV - Immunomodulator - 0.01 ml/L 8.0 ± 1.00 7.0 ± 1.00 12.33 ± 2.333
La revizia de toamnă, la data de 10 octombrie 2015, după nutriţie, s-a constatat că în cuibul familiilor de albine erau în medie 7,33...8,0 faguri, puterea 6,33...6,67 spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine şi rezerva de hrană 17,13...18,83 kg miere (tabelul 5). During the autumn inspection, on October 10, 2015, after nutrition, it was found that in the bee family nest there were on average 7.33...8.0 combs, the strength was 6.33...6.67 spaces between combs populated with bees and the food reserve was 17.13...18.83 kg of honey (table 5).
Tabelul 5 Table 5
Starea familiilor de albine după hrănire, la 10.10.2015 Status of bee colonies after feeding, on 10.10.2015
Loturile Numărul fagurilor în familie, buc. Puterea familiilor, spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine Rezerva de miere, kg I - Sirop de zahăr (martor) 7,33 ± 0,882 6,33 ± 0,882 17,13 ± 2,794 II - Imunomodulator - 0,003 ml/L 7,33 ± 0,882 6,67 ± 0,667 17,33 ± 2,531 III - Imunomodulator - 0,006 ml/L 7,67 ± 0,667 6,67 ± 0,667 18,72 ± 1,910 IV - Imunomodulator - 0,01 ml/L 8,0 ± 0,577 6,67 ± 0,333 18,83 ± 1,637Batches Number of combs in the family, pcs. Family strength, spaces between combs populated with bees Honey reserve, kg I - Sugar syrup (control) 7.33 ± 0.882 6.33 ± 0.882 17.13 ± 2.794 II - Immunomodulator - 0.003 ml/L 7.33 ± 0.882 6.67 ± 0.667 17.33 ± 2.531 III - Immunomodulator - 0.006 ml/L 7.67 ± 0.667 6.67 ± 0.667 18.72 ± 1.910 IV - Immunomodulator - 0.01 ml/L 8.0 ± 0.577 6.67 ± 0.333 18.83 ± 1.637
La revizia de primăvară în baza datelor obţinute putem menţiona că cel mai bine au iernat familiile de albine din lotul II, care au fost hrănite în perioada de toamnă cu sirop de zahăr şi imunomodulator 0,003 ml/L, rezistenţa la iernare a fost de 82,5% sau cu 9,72% mai mult decât lotul I martor. During the spring inspection, based on the data obtained, we can mention that the bee colonies from group II, which were fed in the autumn with sugar syrup and immunomodulator 0.003 ml/L, wintered best. The wintering resistance was 82.5% or 9.72% more than the control group I.
Cu majorarea dozei de imunomodulator rezistenţa la iernare s-a redus până la 74,99% la lotul III şi 80,95% lotul IV (tabelul 6). Totuşi familiile de albine din loturile experimentale au iernat mai bine faţă de lotul martor cu 2,21...9,72%. With increasing immunomodulator dose, wintering resistance was reduced to 74.99% in group III and 80.95% in group IV (table 6). However, bee colonies in the experimental groups wintered better than the control group by 2.21...9.72%.
Tabelul 6 Table 6
Rezistenţa la iernare a familiilor de albine, la stupina din s. Bardar Winter resistance of bee colonies at the apiary in Bardar village
Loturile Rezistenţa la iernare, % Consumul de miere pe parcursul iernii, kg Consumul de miere, la un spaţiu dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine, kg I - Sirop de zahăr (martor) 72,78 ± 6,826 5,93 ± 0,994 1,13 ± 0,263 II - Imunomodulator - 0,003 ml/L 82,5 ± 11,815 4,5 ± 0,500 0,78 ± 0,064 III - Imunomodulator - 0,006 ml/L 74,99 ± 4,801 4,27 ± 0,393 0,74 ± 0,081 IV - Imunomodulator - 0,01 ml/L 80,95 ± 12,599 5,27 ± 0,167 0,88 ± 0,071Batches Wintering resistance, % Honey consumption during winter, kg Honey consumption, at a space between honeycombs populated with bees, kg I - Sugar syrup (control) 72.78 ± 6.826 5.93 ± 0.994 1.13 ± 0.263 II - Immunomodulator - 0.003 ml/L 82.5 ± 11.815 4.5 ± 0.500 0.78 ± 0.064 III - Immunomodulator - 0.006 ml/L 74.99 ± 4.801 4.27 ± 0.393 0.74 ± 0.081 IV - Immunomodulator - 0.01 ml/L 80.95 ± 12.599 5.27 ± 0.167 0.88 ± 0.071
Consumul de miere pe parcursul iernii la loturile experimentale au variat între 4,27 şi 5,27 kg, la lotul martor fiind de 5,93 kg sau cu 0,66...1,66 kg mai mult. Honey consumption during the winter in the experimental groups varied between 4.27 and 5.27 kg, in the control group it was 5.93 kg or 0.66...1.66 kg more.
Cel mai mic consum de miere pe parcursul iernii a fost la lotul III experimental - 4,27 kg, care au fost hrănite toamna cu sirop de zahăr şi 0,06 ml/L de imunomodulator, iar la un spaţiu dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine 0,74 kg sau cu 0,39 kg mai puţin decât la lotul martor. The lowest honey consumption during the winter was in experimental group III - 4.27 kg, which were fed in the fall with sugar syrup and 0.06 ml/L of immunomodulator, and in a space between honeycombs populated with bees 0.74 kg or 0.39 kg less than in the control group.
Cel mai mare consum de miere la un spaţiu dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine s-a constatat la lotul martor 1,13 kg sau cu 0,25...0,39 kg mai mult decât la loturile experimentale. The highest honey consumption per space between honeycombs populated with bees was found in the control group, 1.13 kg or 0.25...0.39 kg more than in the experimental groups.
Aşadar, putem menţiona că utilizarea imunomodulatorului în doze 0,003...0,01 ml/L de sirop în nutriţia albinelor, şi anume în perioada de toamnă, la completarea rezervelor de hrană pentru iernare, sporeşte rezistenţa la iernare cu 2,21...9,72% faţă de lotul martor şi reduce consumul de hrană pe parcursul iernii cu 0,66...1,66 kg, iar la un spaţiu populat cu albine cu 0,25...0,39 kg faţă de lotul martor. Therefore, we can mention that the use of the immunomodulator in doses of 0.003...0.01 ml/L of syrup in bee nutrition, namely in the autumn period, when replenishing food reserves for wintering, increases wintering resistance by 2.21...9.72% compared to the control group and reduces food consumption during the winter by 0.66...1.66 kg, and in a space populated with bees by 0.25...0.39 kg compared to the control group.
Familiile de albine ieşite din iarnă în perioada de primăvară au fost stimulate câte un litru de sirop de zahăr cu imunomoduator în diverse doze de la 0,003 până la 0,01 ml/L, odată la 10...12 zile. Siropul a fost administrat în hrănitoare după diafragmă în stup. Bee colonies emerging from winter in the spring were stimulated with one liter of sugar syrup with immunomodulator in various doses from 0.003 to 0.01 ml/L, once every 10...12 days. The syrup was administered in feeders behind the diaphragm in the hive.
La prima hrănire - pe data de 4 aprilie 2016, în cuibul familiilor de albine se numărau în medie câte 7,33...8,0 faguri, puterea fiind de 6,33...7,0 spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine (tabelul 7). At the first feeding - on April 4, 2016, the bee family nest contained an average of 7.33...8.0 combs, with a strength of 6.33...7.0 spaces between combs populated with bees (table 7).
Tabelul 7 Table 7
Controlul familiilor de albine la începutul hrănirii stimulatoare de primăvară, Control of bee colonies at the beginning of spring stimulating feeding,
la 04.04.2016 on 04.04.2016
Loturile Numărul fagurilor în familie, buc. Puterea familiilor, spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine I - Sirop de zahăr (martor) 8,0 ± 0,577 7,0 ± 0,577 II - Imunomodulator - 0,003 ml/L 7,33 ± 1,202 6,33 ± 1,202 III - Imunomodulator - 0,006 ml/L 7,67 ± 0,333 6,67 ± 0,333 IV - Imunomodulator - 0,01 ml/L 7,33 ± 0,882 6,33 ± 0,882Batches Number of combs in the family, pcs. Family strength, spaces between combs populated with bees I - Sugar syrup (control) 8.0 ± 0.577 7.0 ± 0.577 II - Immunomodulator - 0.003 ml/L 7.33 ± 1.202 6.33 ± 1.202 III - Immunomodulator - 0.006 ml/L 7.67 ± 0.333 6.67 ± 0.333 IV - Immunomodulator - 0.01 ml/L 7.33 ± 0.882 6.33 ± 0.882
Peste 12 zile, pe data de 17 aprilie 2016, s-a efectuat controlul familiilor de albine şi li s-a administrat din nou câte un litru de sirop cu preparatul respectiv. After 12 days, on April 17, 2016, the bee colonies were checked and they were again given one liter of syrup with the respective preparation.
S-a constatat că la acest moment familiile de albine s-au dezvoltat şi s-au adăugat faguri pentru creştere, în cuib se numărau în medie câte 7,33...9,33 buc. Puterea familiilor de albie a fost în medie de 6,33...8,33 spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine (tabelul 8). It was found that at this time the bee colonies developed and combs were added for growth, there were an average of 7.33...9.33 pieces in the nest. The strength of the bee colonies was an average of 6.33...8.33 spaces between the combs populated with bees (table 8).
Tabelul 8 Table 8
Controlul familiilor de albine Bee colony control
Loturile Numărul fagurilor în familie, buc. Puterea familiilor, spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine Puiet căpăcit, sute celule Rezerva de miere, kg 17.04.2016 (la a doua hrănire) I - Sirop de zahăr (martor) 7,33 ± 1,764 6,33 ± 1,764 80,33 ± 29,24 3,66 ± 0,333 II - Imunomodulator - 0,003 ml/L 8,0 ± 1,528 7,0 ± 1,528 130,6 ± 39,72 3,67 ± 333 III - Imunomodulator - 0,006 ml/L 9,33 ± 0,333 8,33 ± 0,333 153,0 ± 23,065 5,33 ± 0,667* IV - Imunomodulator - 0,01 ml/L 8,33 ± 1,856 7,33 ± 1,856 142,0 ± 16,166 2,67 ± 0,333 09.05.2016 (la începutul înfloririi salcâmului alb) I - Sirop de zahăr (martor) 9,0 ± 2,082 8,0 ± 2,082 64,0 ± 17,559 3,33 ± 0,333 II - Imunomodulator - 0,003 ml/L 9,33 ± 2,186 8,33 ± 2,186 119,0 ± 31,77 3,67 ± 1,764 III - Imunomodulator - 0,006 ml/L 12,0 ± 0,00 11,0 ± 0,00 150,0 ± 8,145** 2,67 ± 0,333 IV - Imunomodulator - 0,01 ml/L 11,5 ± 0,500 10,5 ± 0,500 90,0 ± 15,00 3,0 ± 2,00 01.06.2016 (după culesul melifer de la salcâmul alb) I - Sirop de zahăr (martor) 14,7 ± 3,528 13,33 ± 3,480 - 29,4 ± 9,656 II - Imunomodulator - 0,003 ml/L 11,0 ± 4,00 10,0 ± 1,400 - 17,9 ± 6,30* III - Imunomodulator - 0,006 ml/L 16,0 ± 0,00 15,0 ± 0,00 - 40,8 ± 0,80*** IV - Imunomodulator - 0,01 ml/L 17,7 ± 2,333 16,7 ± 2,333 - 23,27 ± 1,919Batches Number of combs in the family, pcs. Family strength, spaces between honeycombs populated with bees Hatched brood, hundreds of cells Honey reserve, kg 17.04.2016 (at second feeding) I - Sugar syrup (control) 7.33 ± 1.764 6.33 ± 1.764 80.33 ± 29.24 3.66 ± 0.333 II - Immunomodulator - 0.003 ml/L 8.0 ± 1.528 7.0 ± 1.528 130.6 ± 39.72 3.67 ± 333 III - Immunomodulator - 0.006 ml/L 9.33 ± 0.333 8.33 ± 0.333 153.0 ± 23.065 5.33 ± 0.667* IV - Immunomodulator - 0.01 ml/L 8.33 ± 1.856 7.33 ± 1.856 142.0 ± 16.166 2.67 ± 0.333 09.05.2016 (at the beginning of the white acacia flowering) I - Sugar syrup (control) 9.0 ± 2.082 8.0 ± 2.082 64.0 ± 17.559 3.33 ± 0.333 II - Immunomodulator - 0.003 ml/L 9.33 ± 2.186 8.33 ± 2.186 119.0 ± 31.77 3.67 ± 1.764 III - Immunomodulator - 0.006 ml/L 12.0 ± 0.00 11.0 ± 0.00 150.0 ± 8.145** 2.67 ± 0.333 IV - Immunomodulator - 0.01 ml/L 11.5 ± 0.500 10.5 ± 0.500 90.0 ± 15.00 3.0 ± 2.00 01.06.2016 (after honey collection from white locust) I - Sugar syrup (control) 14.7 ± 3.528 13.33 ± 3.480 - 29.4 ± 9.656 II - Immunomodulator - 0.003 ml/L 11.0 ± 4.00 10.0 ± 1.400 - 17.9 ± 6.30* III - Immunomodulator - 0.006 ml/L 16.0 ± 0.00 15.0 ± 0.00 - 40.8 ± 0.80*** IV - Immunomodulator - 0.01 ml/L 17.7 ± 2.333 16.7 ± 2.333 - 23.27 ± 1.919
Notă: semnificaţia diferenţelor medii este autentică: (III-IV, rezerva de miere în cuib) *B ≥ 0,95; (I-III, puiet căpăcit) **B ≥ 0,99; (III-IV, rezerva de miere în cuib) ***B ≥ 0,999; (II-III) *B ≥ 0,95. Note: the significance of the mean differences is authentic: (III-IV, honey reserve in the nest) *B ≥ 0.95; (I-III, hatched brood) **B ≥ 0.99; (III-IV, honey reserve in the nest) ***B ≥ 0.999; (II-III) *B ≥ 0.95.
După hrănirea albinelor cu sirop de zahăr şi cu imunomodulator în perioada de primăvară s-a intensificat ponta mătcilor şi ca rezultat ele au depus mai multe ouă. Mătcile din loturile experimentale în această perioadă au depus în medie câte 1088 ouă în 24 ore (lotul II) şi 1275 ouă în 24 ore (lotul III). Mătcile din lotul I martor care au fost hrănite numai cu sirop pur au depus în medie câte 669 ouă în 24 ore sau cu 419...606 ouă în 24 ore mai puţin ca cele din loturile experimentale. After feeding the bees with sugar syrup and immunomodulator in the spring, the queens' egg production increased and as a result they laid more eggs. The queens in the experimental groups during this period laid an average of 1088 eggs in 24 hours (group II) and 1275 eggs in 24 hours (group III). The queens in the control group I, which were fed only with pure syrup, laid an average of 669 eggs in 24 hours, or 419...606 eggs in 24 hours less than those in the experimental groups.
Familiile de albine au crescut în medie câte 130,6 sute celule de puiet căpăcit (lotul II) şi 153,0 sute celule de puiet căpăcit (lotul III) sau cu 50,27 şi, respectiv, 72,67 sute celule de puiet căpăcit mai mult decât lotul I martor. The bee colonies grew an average of 130.6 hundred cells of capped brood (lot II) and 153.0 hundred cells of capped brood (lot III), or 50.27 and, respectively, 72.67 hundred cells of capped brood more than the control lot I.
S-a constatat că în această perioadă în lipsa culesului albinele au consumat rezerva de miere din cuib pentru creşterea puietului. În cuib au fost depistate în medie câte 2,67 kg (lotul IV) şi 5,33 kg de miere (lotul III). It was found that during this period, in the absence of harvesting, the bees consumed the honey reserve in the nest to raise the brood. An average of 2.67 kg (lot IV) and 5.33 kg of honey (lot III) were found in the nest.
La efectuarea controlului familiilor de albine înaintea înfloririi salcâmului alb, pe data de 09.05.2016, s-a stabilit că în cuib se numărau în medie câte 9,0...12,0 faguri şi puterea era în medie 8,0...11,0 spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine. Numărul puietului căpăcit la loturile experimentale au variat între 90,0 (lotul IV) şi 150,0 sute celule (lotul III) sau cu 26,0...86,0 sute celule (40,63...204,38%) mai mult ca lotul martor. When checking the bee colonies before the white acacia blossoming, on 09.05.2016, it was established that the nest contained an average of 9.0...12.0 combs and the strength was an average of 8.0...11.0 spaces between the combs populated with bees. The number of brood hatched in the experimental groups varied between 90.0 (group IV) and 150.0 hundred cells (group III) or by 26.0...86.0 hundred cells (40.63...204.38%) more than the control group.
Cel mai mare număr de puiet căpăcit a crescut în familiile de albine din lotul III experimental, care au fost hrănite cu sirop de zahăr şi 0,06 ml/L de imunomodulator, 150,0 sute celule sau cu 86,0 sute celule (234,38%) mai mult ca lotul martor. Semnificaţia diferenţelor medii este autentică: (I-III) **B ≥ 0,99. Rezerva de miere din cuib a fost în limitele 2,67...3,67 kg. The largest number of capped brood grew in the bee colonies of the experimental group III, which were fed with sugar syrup and 0.06 ml/L of immunomodulator, 150.0 hundred cells or 86.0 hundred cells (234.38%) more than the control group. The significance of the mean differences is authentic: (I-III) **B ≥ 0.99. The honey reserve in the nest was within the limits of 2.67...3.67 kg.
După culesul de la salcâmul alb, la controlul efectuat pe data de 1 iunie 2016, s-a constatat că în cuibul familiilor de albine se numărau în medie câte 11,0 (lotul II) 17,7 faguri (lotul IV). Puterea familiilor de albine a variat între 10,0 (lotul II) şi 16,7 spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine (lotul IV). After the collection from the white locust, during the inspection carried out on June 1, 2016, it was found that the bee colonies had an average of 11.0 (lot II) and 17.7 combs (lot IV). The strength of the bee colonies varied between 10.0 (lot II) and 16.7 spaces between the combs populated with bees (lot IV).
Cea mai mare cantitate de miere după culesul de la salcâmul alb, şi anume cantitatea de 40,8 kg, au depozitat-o în cuib familiile de albine din lotul III experimental, care au fost stimulate în perioada de primăvară cu sirop de zahăr şi imunomodulator în doză de 0,006 ml/L, odată la 12 zile. Familiile de albine din lotul III experimental au depăşit cu 11,4 kg lotul martor, ceea ce constituie cu 38,77% mai mult. The largest amount of honey after harvesting from the white acacia, namely the amount of 40.8 kg, was stored in the nest by the bee colonies from the experimental group III, which were stimulated in the spring with sugar syrup and immunomodulator at a dose of 0.006 ml/L, once every 12 days. The bee colonies from the experimental group III exceeded the control group by 11.4 kg, which is 38.77% more.
Diferenţe semnificative au fost înregistrate între loturile III şi IV de 17,03 kg (***B ≥ 0,999*) şi între loturile II şi III de 22,9 kg (*B ≥ 0,95). Significant differences were recorded between groups III and IV of 17.03 kg (***B ≥ 0.999*) and between groups II and III of 22.9 kg (*B ≥ 0.95).
Aşadar, se poate menţiona că doza optimă pentru stimularea familiilor de albine în perioada de primăvară este de 0,006 ml/L de imunomodulator la un litru de sirop de zahăr, care se administrează câte un litru odată la 12 zile. Therefore, it can be mentioned that the optimal dose for stimulating bee colonies in the spring is 0.006 ml/L of immunomodulator per liter of sugar syrup, which is administered one liter every 12 days.
Experienţa IV. Experience IV.
Pentru stimularea rezistenţei la iernare a familiilor de albine la stupina didactică a UASM în perioada pregătirii către repausul de iarnă au fost formate patru loturi, dintre care unul martor şi 3 experimentale. Familiilor de albine din lotul I martor li s-a administrat sirop de zahăr pur. Familiilor de albine din lotul II experimental li s-a administrat sirop de zahăr cu 0,006 ml/L de imunomodulator, lotul III - 0,012 ml/L, lotul IV - 0,018 ml/L. To stimulate the winter resistance of bee colonies at the UASM teaching apiary during the preparation for winter rest, four groups were formed, one of which was a control group and three were experimental. The bee colonies in the first control group were administered pure sugar syrup. The bee colonies in the second experimental group were administered sugar syrup with 0.006 ml/L of immunomodulator, group III - 0.012 ml/L, group IV - 0.018 ml/L.
La controlul efectuat pe data de 30 august 2015 s-a constatat că numărul fagurilor în cuibul familiilor era în medie de 8,33...9,33 buc., puterea 7,33...8,33 spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine, numărul puietului căpăcit 34,33...49,67 sute celule şi rezerva de miere 16,87...19,67 kg (tabelul 9). Familiile de albine au fost hrănite pe data de 11 şi 16 septembrie câte 1,5 litri de amestec sirop de zahăr cu adaos al bioregulatorului natural, în total câte 3 litri. During the inspection carried out on August 30, 2015, it was found that the number of combs in the families' nests was on average 8.33...9.33 pcs., the strength of 7.33...8.33 spaces between the combs populated with bees, the number of brood hatched 34.33...49.67 hundred cells and the honey reserve 16.87...19.67 kg (table 9). The bee families were fed on September 11 and 16 with 1.5 liters of sugar syrup mixture with the addition of the natural bioregulator, a total of 3 liters each.
Tabelul 9 Table 9
Controlul familiilor de albine de la stupina UASM, înainte de hrănire, 30.08.2015 Control of bee colonies at the UASM apiary, before feeding, 30.08.2015
Loturile Numărul fagurilor, buc. Puterea, spaţii dintre faguri populaţi cu albine Numărul puietului căpăcit, sute celule Miere, kg I - Sirop de zahăr pur (martor) 8,67 ± 1,453 7,67 ± 1,453 49,67 ± 5,364 16,87 ± 2,463 II - Imunomodulator - 0,006 ml/L 8,67 ± 1,202 7,33 ± 0,882 34,33 ± 5,667 17,77 ± 3,681 III - Imunomodulator - 0,012 ml/L 9,33 ± 1,453 8,33 ± 1,453 35,33 ± 8,819 18,9 ± 5,014 IV - Imunomodulator - 0,018 ml/L 8,33 ± 0,882 7,33 ± 0,882 41,33 ± 13,86 19,67 ± 3,467Batches Number of combs, pcs. Power, spaces between combs populated with bees Number of brood hatched, hundreds of cells Honey, kg I - Pure sugar syrup (control) 8.67 ± 1.453 7.67 ± 1.453 49.67 ± 5.364 16.87 ± 2.463 II - Immunomodulator - 0.006 ml/L 8.67 ± 1.202 7.33 ± 0.882 34.33 ± 5.667 17.77 ± 3.681 III - Immunomodulator - 0.012 ml/L 9.33 ± 1.453 8.33 ± 1.453 35.33 ± 8.819 18.9 ± 5.014 IV - Immunomodulator - 0.018 ml/L 8.33 ± 0.882 7.33 ± 0.882 41.33 ± 13.86 19.67 ± 3.467
La revizia de toamnă a familiilor de albine, pe data de 6 octombrie 2015, numărul fagurilor în cuib au constituit în medie 8,0...8,67 buc., puterea 7,0...7,33 spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine, rezerva de miere 18,17...19,74 kg (tabelul 10). During the autumn inspection of bee colonies, on October 6, 2015, the number of combs in the nest was on average 8.0...8.67 pcs., the strength was 7.0...7.33 spaces between combs populated with bees, the honey reserve was 18.17...19.74 kg (table 10).
Tabelul 10 Table 10
Revizia de toamnă a familiilor de albine de la stupina UASM, după hrănire, 06.10.2015 Autumn inspection of bee colonies at the UASM apiary, after feeding, 06.10.2015
Loturile Numărul fagurilor, buc. Puterea, spaţii dintre faguri populaţi cu albine Miere, kg I - Sirop de zahăr pur (martor) 8,67 ± 1,333 7,33 ± 1,202 18,17 ± 3,374 II - Imunomodulator - 0,006 ml/L 8,0 ± 0,577 7,0 ± 0,577 18,33 ± 2,899 III - Imunomodulator - 0,012 ml/L 8,33 ± 1,202 7,33 ± 1,202 18,93 ± 3,377 IV - Imunomodulator - 0,018 ml/L 8,0 ± 1,00 7,0 ± 1,00 19,74 ± 3,107Batches Number of combs, pcs. Power, spaces between combs populated with bees Honey, kg I - Pure sugar syrup (control) 8.67 ± 1.333 7.33 ± 1.202 18.17 ± 3.374 II - Immunomodulator - 0.006 ml/L 8.0 ± 0.577 7.0 ± 0.577 18.33 ± 2.899 III - Immunomodulator - 0.012 ml/L 8.33 ± 1.202 7.33 ± 1.202 18.93 ± 3.377 IV - Immunomodulator - 0.018 ml/L 8.0 ± 1.00 7.0 ± 1.00 19.74 ± 3.107
La revizia de primăvară s-a constatat că cel mai bine au iernat familiile de albine din lotul III experimental care au fost hrănite cu sirop de zahăr şi 0,012 ml/L imunomodulator, rezistenţa fiind de 95,83% sau cu 7,4% mai mare ca la lotul I (martor). La familiile de albine care au fost hrănite cu o cantitate mai mare de 0,018 ml/L imunomodulator (lotul IV), rezistenţa la iernare a constituit 94,44% sau cu 6,01% mai mare faţă de lotul martor (tabelul 11). During the spring inspection, it was found that the bee colonies in experimental group III that were fed with sugar syrup and 0.012 ml/L immunomodulator overwintered the best, with resistance being 95.83% or 7.4% higher than in group I (control). In bee colonies that were fed with a higher amount of 0.018 ml/L immunomodulator (group IV), wintering resistance was 94.44% or 6.01% higher than in the control group (table 11).
Tabelul 11 Table 11
Rezistenţa la iernare a familiilor de albine, stupina UASM, 07.03.2016 Wintering resistance of bee colonies, UASM apiary, 07.03.2016
Loturile Rezistenţa la iernare, % Consumul de miere pe parcursul iernii, kg Consumul de miere la un spaţiu dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine, kg I - Sirop de zahăr pur (martor) 88,43 ± 6,431 5,87 ± 1,235 0,84 ± 0,079 II - Imunomodulator - 0,006 ml/L 91,07 ± 4,495 4,17 ± 0,649 0,62 ± 0,055 III - Imunomodulator - 0,012 ml/L 95,83 ± 4,167 5,43 ± 0,467 0,78 ± 0,064 IV - Imunomodulator - 0,018 ml/L 94,44 ± 5,557 6,33 ± 0,977 0,94 ± 0,026Batches Wintering resistance, % Honey consumption during winter, kg Honey consumption per space between honeycombs populated with bees, kg I - Pure sugar syrup (control) 88.43 ± 6.431 5.87 ± 1.235 0.84 ± 0.079 II - Immunomodulator - 0.006 ml/L 91.07 ± 4.495 4.17 ± 0.649 0.62 ± 0.055 III - Immunomodulator - 0.012 ml/L 95.83 ± 4.167 5.43 ± 0.467 0.78 ± 0.064 IV - Immunomodulator - 0.018 ml/L 94.44 ± 5.557 6.33 ± 0.977 0.94 ± 0.026
Cea mai mică cantitate de miere pe parcursul iernii au consumat-o familiile de albine din lotul II - 4,17 kg şi lotul III - 5,43 kg sau respectiv cu 1,7 şi 0,44 kg mai puţin faţă de lotul martor. The smallest amount of honey during the winter was consumed by bee colonies from group II - 4.17 kg and group III - 5.43 kg, or respectively 1.7 and 0.44 kg less than the control group.
La începutul stimulării creşterii în perioada de primăvară, pe data de 5 aprilie 2016, s-a constatat că în cuibul familiilor de albine se numărau în medie câte 8,0...9,53 buc., puterea 7,0...8,0 spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine, numărul puietului căpăcit 36,33...60,7 sute celule şi rezerva de miere 4,33...5,33 kg (tabelul 12). Familiile de albine au fost hrănite, începând cu data de 8 aprilie 2016, câte un litru de amestec sirop de zahăr cu imunomodulator până la începutul culesului de la salcâmul alb, odată la 12 zile. At the beginning of the spring growth stimulation, on April 5, 2016, it was found that the bee colonies had an average of 8.0...9.53 bees in the nest, the strength of 7.0...8.0 spaces between the combs populated with bees, the number of brood hatched 36.33...60.7 hundred cells and the honey reserve 4.33...5.33 kg (table 12). The bee colonies were fed, starting with April 8, 2016, one liter of sugar syrup mixture with immunomodulator until the beginning of the white acacia harvest, once every 12 days.
Tabelul 12 Table 12
Controlul familiilor de albine, stupina UASM Bee colony control, UASM apiary
Loturile Numărul fagurilor în familie, buc. Puterea familiilor, spaţii dintre fagurii populaţi cu albine Puiet căpăcit, sute celule Rezerva de miere, kg 05.04.2016 I - Sirop de zahăr pur (martor) 8,67 ± 1,333 7,0 ± 1,00 55,33 ± 2,186 4,33 ± 0,882 II - Imunomodulator - 0,006 ml/L 8,0 ± 0,577 7,0 ± 0,577 36,33 ± 1,667 5,33 ± 1,453 III - Imunomodulator - 0,012 ml/L 9,53 ± 1,202 8,0 ± 1,155 60,7 ± 14,099 4,33 ± 0,333 IV - Imunomodulator - 0,018 ml/L 8,33 ± 0,882 7,0 ± 0,577 45,0 ± 16,743 5,33 ± 0,33 22.05.2016 (după culesul melifer de salcâmul alb) I - Sirop de zahăr pur (martor) 17,7 ± 1,453 16,3 ± 1,764 129,0 ± 10,00 27,4 ± 4,164 II - Imunomodulator - 0,006 ml/L 18,0 ± 1,00 16,7 ± 0,882 160,3 ± 3,333 35,8 ± 5,035 III - Imunomodulator - 0,012 ml/L 18,7 ± 1,333 17,7 ± 1,333 173,3 ± 10,17 37,1 ± 9,470 IV - Imunomodulator - 0,018 ml/L 17,0 ± 1,528 16,0 ± 1,528 158,7 ± 4,91 32,8 ± 6,222Batches Number of combs in the family, pcs. Family strength, spaces between honeycombs populated with bees Hatched brood, hundreds of cells Honey reserve, kg 05.04.2016 I - Pure sugar syrup (control) 8.67 ± 1.333 7.0 ± 1.00 55.33 ± 2.186 4.33 ± 0.882 II - Immunomodulator - 0.006 ml/L 8.0 ± 0.577 7.0 ± 0.577 36.33 ± 1.667 5.33 ± 1.453 III - Immunomodulator - 0.012 ml/L 9.53 ± 1.202 8.0 ± 1.155 60.7 ± 14.099 4.33 ± 0.333 IV - Immunomodulator - 0.018 ml/L 8.33 ± 0.882 7.0 ± 0.577 45.0 ± 16.743 5.33 ± 0.33 22.05.2016 (after honey collection from white locust) I - Pure sugar syrup (control) 17.7 ± 1.453 16.3 ± 1.764 129.0 ± 10.00 27.4 ± 4.164 II - Immunomodulator - 0.006 ml/L 18.0 ± 1.00 16.7 ± 0.882 160.3 ± 3.333 35.8 ± 5.035 III - Immunomodulator - 0.012 ml/L 18.7 ± 1.333 17.7 ± 1.333 173.3 ± 10.17 37.1 ± 9.470 IV - Immunomodulator - 0.018 ml/L 17.0 ± 1.528 16.0 ± 1.528 158.7 ± 4.91 32.8 ± 6.222
La controlul efectuat pe data de 22.05.2016 după culesul de la salcâmul alb s-a constatat că familiile de albine din loturile experimentale, care au fost hrănite cu sirop de zahăr şi imunomodulator au crescut în medie câte 158,7 sute celule de puiet căpăcit (lotul IV) şi 173,3 (lotul III) sau cu 29,7 sute celule (23,02%) şi 44,3 (34,34%) mai mult faţă de lotul martor. Prolificitatea mătcilor în această perioadă a constituit 1322...1444 ouă în 24 ore sau cu 247...369 ouă în 24 ore (23,02...34,34%) mai mult ca lotul martor 1075 ouă. During the control carried out on 22.05.2016 after the harvest from the white acacia, it was found that the bee colonies from the experimental batches, which were fed with sugar syrup and immunomodulator, increased on average 158.7 hundred cells of capped brood (batch IV) and 173.3 (batch III) or 29.7 hundred cells (23.02%) and 44.3 (34.34%) more than the control batch. The prolificacy of the queens during this period was 1322...1444 eggs in 24 hours or 247...369 eggs in 24 hours (23.02...34.34%) more than the control batch of 1075 eggs.
Cantitatea maximă de miere depozitată în cuib a fost depistată la familiile de albine din lotul III (0,012 ml/L) 37,1 kg sau cu 9,7 kg (35,4%) mai mul faţă de lotul I (martor). Familiile din loturile experimentale II şi IV au colectat cu 30,66 şi 19,71% mai multă miere faţă de lotul martor. The maximum amount of honey stored in the nest was detected in bee colonies in group III (0.012 ml/L) 37.1 kg or 9.7 kg (35.4%) more than in group I (control). The colonies in experimental groups II and IV collected 30.66 and 19.71% more honey than in the control group.
Aşadar, în baza rezultatelor experienţelor efectuate la mai multe stupine din s. Mingir, r-nul Hânceşti; s. Coloniţa, r-nul Anenii Noi; or. Călăraşi; s. Bardar, r-nul Ialoveni şi UASM mun. Chişinău cu diverse baze melifere şi condiţii pedoclimatice, putem menţiona că s-a stabilit doza optimă a imunomodulatorului, care este de 0,003...0,012 ml/L de sirop de zahăr, iar realizarea procedeului se efectuează seara, în perioada de toamnă la completarea rezervelor de hrană pentru iernare de două ori câte 1,5...3 L şi primăvara din primele zile ale lunii aprilie până la începutul culesului principal, câte un litru la o familie odată la 10…12 zile. Therefore, based on the results of experiments carried out in several apiaries in the village of Mingir, Hânceşti district; the village of Coloniţa, Anenii Noi district; the town of Călăraşi; the village of Bardar, Ialoveni district and the UASM of the Chişinău municipality with various honey bases and pedoclimatic conditions, we can mention that the optimal dose of the immunomodulator has been established, which is 0.003...0.012 ml/L of sugar syrup, and the procedure is carried out in the evening, in the autumn period when replenishing food reserves for wintering twice 1.5...3 L and in the spring from the first days of April until the beginning of the main harvest, one liter per family once every 10...12 days.
Aplicarea procedeului elaborat asigură sporirea rezistenţei la iernare cu 2,21...9,72%, creşterea puietului căpăcit cu 13,75...65,53%, prolificitatea mătcilor cu 13,75...34,34% şi productivitatea familiilor de albine cu 5,19...51,71% faţă de lotul martor. The application of the developed procedure ensures an increase in winter resistance by 2.21...9.72%, the growth of brood by 13.75...65.53%, the prolificacy of queens by 13.75...34.34% and the productivity of bee colonies by 5.19...51.71% compared to the control group.
1. Буренин Н. Л., Котова Г. Н. Справочник по пчеловодству. Москва, Колос, 1977, р. 27-29 1. Burenin N. L., Kotova G. N. Handbook of beekeeping. Москва, Колос, 1977, р. 27-29
2. Кривцов Н. И., Лебедев В. И., Туников Г. М. Пчеловодство. Москва, Колос, 2000, р. 192-200 2. Krivtsov N. I., Lebedev V. I., Tunikov G. M. Beekeeping. Moscow, Kolos, 2000, р. 192-200
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