CN113133500B - Feed additive for relieving cow altitude disease, use method thereof and feed - Google Patents

Feed additive for relieving cow altitude disease, use method thereof and feed Download PDF

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CN113133500B
CN113133500B CN202010052732.0A CN202010052732A CN113133500B CN 113133500 B CN113133500 B CN 113133500B CN 202010052732 A CN202010052732 A CN 202010052732A CN 113133500 B CN113133500 B CN 113133500B
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feed additive
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altitude
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CN113133500A (en
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周传社
陈亮
谭支良
孔志伟
巴桑珠扎
李斌
焦金真
黄喜妹
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Zhongshan Nenghe Biotechnology Co ltd
Institute of Subtropical Agriculture of CAS
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract

The invention discloses a feed additive for relieving cow altitude diseases, a using method thereof and a feed, wherein the feed additive comprises salidroside, livestosin and arginine with the mass ratio of 1: 3000-4000. The application method comprises mixing feed additive for relieving cow altitude disease with daily ration, and feeding cow. The feed comprises the feed additive. The feed additive disclosed by the invention can reduce the incidence and mortality of plateau dairy cow altitude diseases, can reduce the treatment cost, can avoid chemical drug residues, ensures the food safety of dairy cows, and more importantly, can reduce or thoroughly remove adverse reactions and rebound effects of dairy cow organisms.

Description

Feed additive for relieving cow altitude disease, use method thereof and feed
Technical Field
The invention relates to a feed additive for relieving cow altitude diseases, a using method thereof and a feed.
Background
The Qinghai-Tibet plateau has an average altitude of over 4500 m, is called as a world ridge, and is the plateau with the highest altitude and the largest area in the world. The typical environmental characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau are cold climate, dry air, low oxygen partial pressure in the air and strong ultraviolet rays. The maintenance of the oxygen balance state is the fundamental premise for the survival of aerobic organisms, the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is the geographical unit with the highest global average altitude, and the atmospheric oxygen partial pressure of the region is only 53-62% of hypoxia of the sea level and becomes the main factor for restricting the survival of animals on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau.
Yaks can adapt to high-altitude low-oxygen environments and have long been the main source of milk and beef for residents in high-altitude areas. In recent years, with economic development of autonomous region in Tibet and improvement of living standard of people, the demand of dairy products and beef is increasing year by year. The number of stored yaks in the Tibetan autonomous region is 395 ten thousand, but the yaks have longer production period and low milk yield, so that introduction of the Holstein cattle with high milk yield becomes a main way for solving the shortage of milk sources. Holstein cows originate in the area of the Rhein river Delta of the Netherlands and are the most cultivated cows all over the world due to the characteristics of high milk yield and good milk quality, but the high altitude hypoxic environment is a great physiological challenge for Holstein cows, and pulmonary hypertension caused by hypoxia in areas with an altitude higher than 2000 m is the main cause of cow death, wherein pulmonary edema which is a special cause in the high altitude hypoxic environment, and diseases caused by pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure due to hypoxia cause cow death are called Holstein cows and Jeans cow altitude sickness (BD). The plateau diseases of Holstein cows, Jersey cows and Angus beef cattle bred in Qinghai-Tibet plateau are reported, especially in Tibet region. Holstein cows have been introduced many times intraperitoneally in the Tibet autonomous region, but all failed with a high proportion of deaths from altitude diseases. Therefore, the altitude disease becomes a main cause for hindering the development of the dairy cow breeding industry in the Tibet region and the high altitude region, and becomes a key technical bottleneck for restricting the healthy and rapid development of dairy cows in the altitude region.
Aiming at a series of symptoms such as metabolic change and the like brought to organisms by the altitude sickness, the prevention and control measures adopted at home and abroad at present mainly comprise hyperbaric oxygen, chemical medicines (acetazolamide, dexamethasone, benzydamine hydrochloride and the like), Chinese herbal medicines (rhodiola rosea, salvia miltiorrhiza, compound codonopsis pilosula and the like), and although the measures can play a role in relieving the altitude sickness to a certain extent, all the measures have obvious defects. (1) The method comprises the following steps of closing a cow with the altitude disease into a hyperbaric oxygen chamber for treatment, wherein the method has obvious defects: the high-pressure oxygen cabin has high operation cost, and common herdsmen cannot bear the operation cost; the high-pressure oxygen treatment quantity of the cows is greatly limited due to the limited volume of the high-pressure oxygen bin, for a large-scale cow farm with thousands of cows, the plateau disease cows account for about one third, and if the high-pressure oxygen bin is built on such a large scale, the construction cost can be obviously increased, so that the large economic pressure of the back cathode of the cow farm is increased, the production cost is increased, and the economic benefit of the cow farm is reduced; hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a temporary treatment, not a permanent treatment, and is easy to relapse. (2) Chemical drug therapy easily causes drug residues, threatens the food safety of dairy products, and also causes adverse reactions to dairy cows and side effects to organisms. (3) The main defect of the Chinese herbal medicine is that the effect is not obvious, and a rebound effect can occur after the medicine is stopped; moreover, because the Chinese herbal medicines are all mixtures, the effective components of the Chinese herbal medicines are not clear, so that the action mechanism of the Chinese herbal medicines on the body is not clear. Therefore, aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the feed additive for relieving the dairy cow altitude disease, which is low in cost, convenient to use and good in relieving effect, is obtained, and has very important significance for effectively relieving the dairy cow altitude disease and promoting the development of the dairy cow breeding industry in high altitude areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and obtain the feed additive which is low in cost, convenient to use and good in treatment effect and is used for relieving the cow altitude diseases, the use method of the feed additive and the feed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a feed additive for relieving cow altitude disease comprises salidroside, biotin and arginine; the mass ratio of salidroside, hemospermin and arginine is 1: 3000-4000.
In the feed additive for relieving the dairy cow altitude diseases, the mass ratio of the salidroside, the cattle blood extract and the arginine extract is 1: 3333.
As a general technical concept, the invention also provides a using method of the feed additive for relieving the cow altitude disease, which comprises the following steps: the feed additive for relieving the cow altitude disease is mixed with daily ration, and the obtained feed is used for feeding the cows.
In the using method, the feeding amount of the feed additive for relieving the cow altitude diseases is further improved to be 35 g per head-1Day(s)-145 g head-1Day(s)-1。
In the using method, the feeding amount of the feed additive for relieving the cow altitude diseases is further improved to be 40g per head-1Day(s)-1。
In the above method of use, the cow is a Holstein cow or a Jersey cow.
The using method is further improved, and the daily ration comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
5.56 percent of alfalfa grains,
5.56 percent of silage corns,
33.33 percent of wheat grass,
38.89 percent of alfalfa grass,
16.66 parts of concentrate;
the concentrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
45.5 percent of the corn,
3.5 percent of oat,
5 percent of wheat bran,
15.5 percent of soybean meal,
20 percent of rapeseed cakes,
0.5 percent of calcium bicarbonate,
6 percent of fat powder,
1.5 percent of salt,
2.5 percent of premix;
the premix comprises the following components: MgSO with a concentration of 113.85g/kg4•H2O, FeSO with concentration of 2.69 g/kg4•7H2O, CuSO with concentration of 2.55 g/kg4•5H2O, 9.54 g/kg MnSO4•H2O, ZnSO with a concentration of 9.60 g/kg4•H2O, Na with a concentration of 0.030 g/kg2SeO3KI at a concentration of 0.060 g/kg, CoCl at a concentration of 0.180 g/kg2•6H2O, vitamin A with the concentration of 500000 IU/kg, vitamin D with the concentration of 60 kIU/kg and vitamin E with the concentration of 2000 IU/kg.
The application method is further improved, in the feeding process of the dairy cows, the dairy cows are respectively fed once in the morning and at the evening for 50 days; the daily surplus feed amount is controlled to be 5-10% of the feeding amount in the feeding process of the dairy cow.
The application method is further improved, and the dairy cattle is fed with daily ration for 10 days before the feed.
As a general technical concept, the present invention also provides a feed for alleviating the dairy cow's altitude disease, which comprises a feed additive for alleviating the dairy cow's altitude disease, wherein the feed additive comprises salidroside, hemoth and arginine; the mass ratio of salidroside, prothrombin and arginine is 1: 3000-4000; the mass percentage content of the feed additive in the feed is 0.15-0.25%. In a further improvement, the feed additive comprises salidroside, prothrombin and arginine; the mass ratio of salidroside, prothrombin and arginine is 1: 3333.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention provides a feed additive for relieving cow altitude diseases, which comprises salidroside, biotin and arginine, wherein the mass ratio of salidroside to biotin to arginine is 1: 3000-4000. In the invention, the salidroside is derived from the Chinese herbal medicine rhodiola rosea, can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells by interfering the cell metabolism and changing the property of cell coats, can also improve the T lymphocyte conversion rate and phagocyte activity, enhance the immunity, can alleviate cardiovascular tissue damage and functional disorder caused by pressure, prevent the reduction of the heart contractility in an emergency freezing state due to the pressure of the surrounding environment, contribute to the stable contractility, and can enhance the oxygen transportation capacity of the red blood cells; the hemophilin can promote the release of red blood cells from bone marrow to blood, further transform the red blood cells into mature red blood cells, stabilize red blood cell membranes and improve the functions of the red blood cell membranes of antioxidase; the arginine is a precursor substance for synthesizing arginine, the arginine can generate NO in the metabolic process of a body, and the NO plays an important role in relieving altitude sickness, so the feed additive for relieving altitude sickness, which is prepared by mixing salidroside, prothrombin and the arginine according to a certain proportion, improves the oxygen transport capacity of red blood cells in the blood of plateau cows from the physiological and biochemical aspect of the body, and regulates the balance of gastrointestinal microflora of the cows so as to achieve the aim of relieving the altitude sickness.
(2) In the feed additive for relieving the dairy cow altitude diseases, the components are plant extracts and natural active components, so that chemical drug residues are avoided, and food safety threats to dairy products are prevented.
(3) The feed additive for relieving the cow altitude diseases is implemented from the physiological and biochemical level of the cows, and is beneficial to analyzing the action mechanism of the additive.
(4) The feed additive for relieving the dairy cow altitude diseases is directly added into the dairy cow feed during feeding, is simple to apply, is suitable for plateau herdsmen and large-scale farms, and greatly reduces the production cost compared with a high-pressure oxygen cabin.
Therefore, the feed additive for relieving the altitude sickness of the dairy cows can reduce the morbidity and mortality of the altitude sickness of the dairy cows, reduce the treatment cost, avoid chemical drug residues, ensure the safety of dairy products and foods, more importantly, reduce or thoroughly remove the adverse reaction and rebound effect of the organisms of the dairy cows, has the advantages of low cost, convenient use, good relieving effect and the like, can be widely used for relieving the altitude sickness of the dairy cows, and has very important significance for promoting the development of the dairy cow breeding industry in high altitude areas.
(5) The invention also provides a use method of the feed additive for relieving the cow altitude diseases, the feed additive can be directly used for feeding the cows by mixing the feed additive with daily ration, has the advantages of simple operation, convenient use and the like, has good popularization performance, and can realize the wide application of the feed additive in relieving the cow altitude diseases.
(6) The invention also provides a feed for relieving the altitude sickness of the dairy cows, which comprises a daily ration and a feed additive for relieving the altitude sickness of the dairy cows, wherein the addition of the feed additive can not only reduce the morbidity and mortality of the altitude sickness of the dairy cows, but also reduce the treatment cost, simultaneously avoid the residue of chemical drugs, ensure the food safety of the dairy cows, more importantly, can also reduce or thoroughly remove the adverse reaction and rebound effect of the organisms of the dairy cows, is suitable for relieving the altitude sickness of the dairy cows, and has high use value and good application prospect.
Drawings
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 1 is a graph of the effect of different treatment regimes on mortality of holstein cows in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different treatment methods on the mortality of Juan-cow in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a chart showing the morphology of red blood cells of Holstein cows in test group and high anti-group in example 2 of the present invention, wherein (a) is the high anti-group and (b) is the test group.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific preferred embodiments of the description, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
Example 1
A feed additive for relieving cow altitude disease comprises salidroside, prothrombin and arginine, wherein the mass ratio of salidroside, hematogen and arginine is 1: 3333.
A preparation method of a feed additive for relieving cow altitude diseases comprises the following steps: salidroside, prothrombin and arginine are taken as raw materials, and are uniformly mixed according to a three-stage mixing method by the mass ratio of 1: 3333, so as to obtain the feed additive for relieving the dairy cow altitude diseases.
A feed for relieving the dairy cow altitude diseases comprises the feed additive for relieving the dairy cow altitude diseases and daily ration in the embodiment 1, wherein the mass percentage of the feed additive in the feed is 0.22%. The components and their mass contents in the daily ration are shown in table 1.
Figure 9193DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
In this example, the premix comprises the following components: MgSO with a concentration of 113.85g/kg4•H2O, FeSO with concentration of 2.69 g/kg4•7H2O, CuSO with concentration of 2.55 g/kg4•5H2O, 9.54 g/kg MnSO4•H2O, ZnSO with a concentration of 9.60 g/kg4•H2O, Na with a concentration of 0.030 g/kg2SeO3KI at a concentration of 0.060 g/kg, CoCl at a concentration of 0.180 g/kg2•6H2O, vitamin A with the concentration of 500000 IU/kg, vitamin D with the concentration of 60 kIU/kg and vitamin E with the concentration of 2000 IU/kg.
Comparative example 1
A feed additive comprises salidroside and sanguis Draxonis, wherein the mass ratio of salidroside to sanguis Draxonis is 1: 3333.
Comparative example 2
A feed additive comprises salidroside and arginins, wherein the mass ratio of salidroside to arginins is 1: 3333.
Comparative example 3
A feed additive comprises sanguis Draxonis and arginine at a mass ratio of 1: 1.
Comparative example 4
A feed additive comprises salidroside, hemogen and arginins, wherein the mass ratio of salidroside, hemogen and arginins is 1: 5000.
Example 2
A method for using feed additive for relieving cow altitude sickness comprises using 200 adult Holstein cows and 200 adult Juansan cows bred in high-standard fine-breed cow breeding center as test objects: the feeding amount of the feed additive for relieving the dairy cow altitude diseases is 40g per head-1Day(s)-1The feed additive for relieving cow's altitude diseases in example 1 was mixed with a daily ration (the composition of the daily ration is shown in table 1), and the obtained feed was used for feeding cows, specifically: feeding the feed once every day at 06:30 and 18:30 respectively, ensuring that the daily residual material amount is 5-10% of the feeding amount, recording the feed intake, and freely drinking water. Feeding for 60 days, wherein the first 10 days are pre-feeding period and only daily ration is used for feeding; and in the later 50 days of the normal test period, feeding the feed obtained by mixing the feed additive and the daily ration.
Control group one: the dairy cows were fed with the daily ration under the same conditions as the test group.
Control group two: the feed additive of comparative example 1 was used for feeding cows in place of the feed additive of example 1 of the present invention after mixing with a ration, and the other conditions were the same as those of the test group.
Control group three: the feed additive of comparative example 2 was used for feeding cows in place of the feed additive of example 1 of the present invention after mixing with a ration, and the other conditions were the same as those of the test group.
Control group four: the feed additive of comparative example 3 was used for feeding cows in place of the feed additive of example 1 of the present invention after mixing with a ration, and the other conditions were the same as those of the test group.
Control group five: the feed additive of comparative example 4 was used for feeding cows in place of the feed additive of example 1 of the present invention after mixing with a ration, and the other conditions were the same as those of the test group.
During the feeding period, the number of the dead cows is recorded, and the mortality rate of the cows is calculated, and the results are shown in figures 1 and 2. As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the control group I without the feed additive showed a mortality of 15% for Holstein cows and 10% for Juan-san cows, while the daily diet added with the feed additive of the invention in example 1 showed a mortality of 4% for Holstein cows and 2% for Juan-san cows. It can be seen that the mortality rate of the cows in the test group (to which the feed additive of the present invention was added) was much lower than that of the cows in the control group. In conclusion, the feed additive for relieving altitude stress, which is disclosed by the invention, is added into daily ration, so that the death rate of Holstein cows and Juan cows can be effectively reduced, and the feed additive has an extremely remarkable effect.
On the last day of feeding, the portable oxyhemoglobin saturation measuring instrument is utilized to detect the oxyhemoglobin saturation and the heart rate of two groups of cows through the ears of the cows, and blood is collected through the tail root vein to detect the oxygen transport capacity of the blood. The results are shown in tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3 influence of different treatment methods on the blood oxygen saturation and heart rate of Holstein cows
Figure 300497DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
TABLE 4 influence of different treatment methods on blood oxygen saturation and heart rate of Jersey
Figure 301951DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
As can be seen from table 3, for the holstein cows, the blood oxygen saturation of the cows in the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the heart rate was significantly lower than that of the control group; similarly, the same results were obtained in the experiment with Juansan cattle (Table 4). Therefore, the feed additive added into the daily ration of the dairy cow can obviously improve the blood oxygen saturation of the dairy cow and reduce the heart rate of the dairy cow. In conclusion, the feed additive can increase the dissolved oxygen in the blood of the dairy cow and has a protective effect on the heart of the dairy cow.
TABLE 5 comparison of conventional analysis of blood from Holstein cows
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
In table 5, the high reflection set is: cows that have developed a high altitude disease response; the altitude sickness + additive group is as follows: the feed additive provided by the invention is used for feeding dairy cows with altitude sickness reaction, and other conditions are the same as those of a test group.
As can be seen from Table 5, the feed additive of the invention effectively improves the concentration of the indexes related to the altitude sickness resistance in the blood of the Holstein cow, and shows that the feed additive of the invention can effectively improve the capability of the blood of the Holstein cow in transporting oxygen, and has obvious effect on preventing and treating the altitude sickness of the Holstein cow.
TABLE 6 analysis and comparison of blood of Juansan cattle
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
In table 6, the high reflection set is: cows that have developed a high altitude disease response; the altitude sickness + additive group is as follows: the feed additive provided by the invention is used for feeding dairy cows with altitude sickness reaction, and other conditions are the same as those of a test group.
As can be seen from Table 6, the feed additive (additive group) of the invention effectively improves the ability of the Juan-san cattle to transport oxygen in blood, and simultaneously shows that the feed additive of the invention has significant effect on preventing and treating altitude diseases.
FIG. 3 is a chart showing the morphology of red blood cells of Holstein cows in test group and high anti-group in example 2 of the present invention, wherein (a) is the high anti-group and (b) is the test group. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the red blood cells in the blood of Holstein cows with altitude sickness (high-reverse group) are in a malformed shape-zigzag shape, while the red blood cells in the blood of Holstein cows fed with the feed additive of the present invention of example 1 (test group) are in a normal shape-cake shape. Therefore, the feed additive has an important effect on maintaining the normal red blood cell form, the red blood cells in the blood are a transportation tool of blood oxygen, and the normal red blood cells are a basis for ensuring normal oxygen supply, so that the feed additive can effectively maintain the capability of blood transportation and oxygen supply of the dairy cows, and has a remarkable effect on preventing and treating the altitude diseases of the dairy cows.
The above examples are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. All technical schemes belonging to the idea of the invention belong to the protection scope of the invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and such modifications and embellishments should also be considered as within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. The feed additive for relieving the dairy cow altitude diseases is characterized by consisting of salidroside, prothrombin and arginins; the mass ratio of salidroside, prothrombin and arginine is 1: 3333.
2. The use method of the feed additive for relieving the cow's altitude diseases as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the steps of: the feed additive for relieving the cow altitude disease is mixed with daily ration, and the obtained feed is used for feeding the cows.
3. The use method of claim 2, wherein the feed additive for alleviating cow's altitude sickness is fed in an amount of 35 g-head-1Day(s)-145 g head-1Day(s)-1。
4. The use method of claim 3, wherein the feed additive for alleviating cow's altitude sickness is fed in an amount of 40 g-head-1Day(s)-1。
5. The method of use according to claim 4, wherein the cow is a Holstein cow or a Jersey cow.
6. The use method of any one of claims 2-5, wherein the daily ration comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
5.56 percent of alfalfa grains,
5.56 percent of silage corns,
33.33 percent of wheat grass,
38.89 percent of alfalfa grass,
16.66 percent of concentrate;
the concentrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
45.5 percent of the corn,
3.5 percent of oat,
5 percent of wheat bran,
15.5 percent of soybean meal,
20 percent of rapeseed cakes,
0.5 percent of calcium bicarbonate,
6 percent of fat powder,
1.5 percent of salt,
2.5 percent of premix;
the premix comprises the following components: MgSO with a concentration of 113.85g/kg4•H2O, FeSO with concentration of 2.69 g/kg4•7H2O, CuSO with concentration of 2.55 g/kg4•5H2O, 9.54 g/kg MnSO4•H2O, ZnSO with a concentration of 9.60 g/kg4•H2O, Na with a concentration of 0.030 g/kg2SeO3KI at a concentration of 0.060 g/kg, CoCl at a concentration of 0.180 g/kg2•6H2O, vitamin A with the concentration of 500000 IU/kg, vitamin D with the concentration of 60 kIU/kg and vitamin E with the concentration of 2000 IU/kg.
7. The use method of any one of claims 2-5, wherein the dairy cows are fed once a day in the morning and at night for 50 days; the daily surplus feed amount is controlled to be 5-10% of the feeding amount in the feeding process of the dairy cow.
8. The use method of any one of claims 2-5, wherein the feeding of the cow further comprises feeding the cow with a ration for 10 days before feeding the feed.
9. A feed for alleviating cow's altitude diseases, which comprises the feed additive for alleviating cow's altitude diseases according to claim 1; the mass percentage content of the feed additive in the feed is 0.15-0.25%.
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