MD1414Z - Process for corrosion protection of steel in water - Google Patents
Process for corrosion protection of steel in water Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- MD1414Z MD1414Z MDS20190044A MDS20190044A MD1414Z MD 1414 Z MD1414 Z MD 1414Z MD S20190044 A MDS20190044 A MD S20190044A MD S20190044 A MDS20190044 A MD S20190044A MD 1414 Z MD1414 Z MD 1414Z
- Authority
- MD
- Moldova
- Prior art keywords
- corrosion
- water
- steel
- inhibitor
- urotropin
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229940072020 calcium borogluconate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- SSKRIDIHZLFJCG-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2,3-dihydroxy-3-[2-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-4-yl]propanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC1OB(O)OC1C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O.OCC1OB(O)OC1C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O SSKRIDIHZLFJCG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 14
- KJEUMRLAKARHEP-TXICZTDVSA-N (2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-[(4s,5r)-2-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-4-yl]propanoic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OB(O)O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O KJEUMRLAKARHEP-TXICZTDVSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229940072031 borogluconate Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 chlorine ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Изобретение относится к защите металлов от коррозии в воде и может быть использовано для ингибирования коррозии в замкнутых системах стальных трубопроводов.Способ защиты стали от коррозии в воде состоит во введении в коррозионную среду 50-150 мг/л бороглюконата кальция и 50-150 мг/л уротропина.Технический результат изобретения состоит в снижении скорости коррозии стали в воде.The invention relates to the protection of metals from corrosion in water and can be used to inhibit corrosion in closed systems of steel pipelines. The method of protecting steel from corrosion in water consists in introducing 50-150 mg / l of calcium borogluconate and 50-150 mg / l into a corrosive environment urotropin. The technical result of the invention is to reduce the rate of corrosion of steel in water.
Description
Invenţia se referă la domeniul protejării metalelor de coroziune în apă şi poate fi utilizată pentru a inhiba coroziunea în sistemele închise ale conductelor de oţel. The invention relates to the field of protecting metals from corrosion in water and can be used to inhibit corrosion in closed steel pipeline systems.
Se ştie că apa naturală sau de proces, care conţine ioni de activare ai clorului şi sulfatului este un mediu destul de agresiv, în care coroziunea oţelului se desfăşoară cu viteză mare. La Chişinău în apa de la robinet, care conţine, în mg/l: Ca2+ - 72,5, Mg2+ - 19,5, HCO3 - - 98,0, SO4 2- - 204,0, Cl- - 57,0 cu un conţinut total de sare de 0,457 g/l, viteza de coroziune a oţelului St. 3 la 8 ore de testări este mare, ajungând la 21 g/m2·zi. Pe măsură ce timpul de expunere creşte, viteza de coroziune scade (de exemplu până la 12 g/m2· zi la 24 de ore, 66 g/m2·zi la 72 ore şi 4 g/m2·zi la 240 ore), datorită formării peliculei de oxid-hidroxid pe suprafaţa de corodare a produselor de coroziune, precum şi a calcitului CaCO3. Ionii de SO4 2- provoacă o coroziune generală, destul de uniformă. Totuşi, pe suprafaţa interioară a ţevilor se pot forma ciupituri adânci datorită prezenţei ionilor de clor activi în apă. În plus, fierul ionizat, care trece în apă, se acumulează acolo, afectând calitatea sa (Паршутин В. В., Шолтоян Н. С., Андреева Л. Н., Володина Г. Ф., Лозан В. И., Болога О. А., Гэрбэлэу Н. В. Ингибирование глюконатом кальция коррозии углеродистой стали Ст. 3 в воде. Электронная обработка материалов, 1999, № 1, p. 43-55). It is known that natural or process water, which contains chlorine and sulfate activation ions, is a rather aggressive environment, in which steel corrosion proceeds at a high rate. In Chisinau, in tap water, which contains, in mg/l: Ca2+ - 72.5, Mg2+ - 19.5, HCO3 - - 98.0, SO4 2- - 204.0, Cl- - 57.0 with a total salt content of 0.457 g/l, the corrosion rate of St. 3 steel at 8 hours of testing is high, reaching 21 g/m2·day. As the exposure time increases, the corrosion rate decreases (e.g. up to 12 g/m2· day at 24 hours, 66 g/m2· day at 72 hours and 4 g/m2· day at 240 hours), due to the formation of an oxide-hydroxide film on the corrosion surface of the corrosion products, as well as calcite CaCO3. SO4 2- ions cause general, fairly uniform corrosion. However, deep pitting can form on the inner surface of the pipes due to the presence of active chlorine ions in the water. In addition, ionized iron, which passes into the water, accumulates there, affecting its quality (Паршутин В. В., Шолтоян Н. С., Андреева Л. Н., Володина Г. Ф., Лозан В. И., Болога О. А., Гербелэу Н. В. Ингибирование глуконатом калция корозии угледористой стали St. 3 в воде. Електронная обработа материов, 1999, № 1, pp. 43-55).
Este cunoscută utilizarea borogluconatului de calciu ca inhibitor al coroziunii [1]. S-a constatat că proprietăţile inhibitoare ale compusului sunt îmbunătăţite la creşterea concentraţiei acestuia. Calcium borogluconate is known to be used as a corrosion inhibitor [1]. It has been found that the inhibitory properties of the compound are improved with increasing concentration.
Dezavantajul acestui inhibitor este următorul. În apa distilată, care conţine mai puţină sare decât apa de la robinet, efectul borogluconatului de calciu este mai pronunţat. În apa de la robinet, în special în cazul circulaţiei forţate a unui mediu coroziv, efectul este mult mai scăzut. În acelaşi timp, există o scădere foarte inegală a pierderii la coroziune în timp: acţiunea sa deseori slăbeşte odată cu creşterea timpului de expunere a probei, ceea ce este nedorit; se observă o diferenţă în valorile lui γ. La concentraţii scăzute ale inhibitorului (de 5-200 mg/l), efectul său este neglijabil. The disadvantage of this inhibitor is the following. In distilled water, which contains less salt than tap water, the effect of calcium borogluconate is more pronounced. In tap water, especially in the case of forced circulation of a corrosive medium, the effect is much lower. At the same time, there is a very uneven decrease in corrosion loss over time: its action often weakens with increasing sample exposure time, which is undesirable; a difference in γ values is observed. At low inhibitor concentrations (5-200 mg/l), its effect is negligible.
Deoarece borogluconatul de calciu este o substanţă destul de costisitoare, pentru reducerea costului inhibitorului, dar în acelaşi timp pentru creşterea efectului său de inhibare a coroziunii, este logic să se găsească aditivii necesari pentru borogluconatul de calciu pentru a reduce concentraţia acestuia şi a conduce la o inhibare mai mare a procesului de coroziune. Since calcium borogluconate is a rather expensive substance, in order to reduce the cost of the inhibitor, but at the same time increase its corrosion inhibition effect, it is logical to find the necessary additives for calcium borogluconate to reduce its concentration and lead to greater inhibition of the corrosion process.
Problema invenţiei este de a mări rezistenţa la coroziune a sistemelor închise ale conductelor de oţel, în care purtătorul este apa. The problem of the invention is to increase the corrosion resistance of closed steel pipeline systems, in which the carrier is water.
Problema propusă este rezolvată prin procedeul de protecţie a oţelului de coroziune în apă, care constă în introducerea în mediul coroziv a 50-150 mg/l de borogluconat de calciu Ca2B2C12H22O18 şi 50-150 mg/l urotropină (hexametilentetramină) C6H12N4. The proposed problem is solved by the process of protecting steel from corrosion in water, which consists of introducing 50-150 mg/l of calcium borogluconate Ca2B2C12H22O18 and 50-150 mg/l of urotropine (hexamethylenetetramine) C6H12N4 into the corrosive environment.
Rezultatul tehnic al invenţiei propuse este o reducere semnificativă a pierderilor la coroziune, asigurând o suprimare uniformă a coroziunii în timp, reducând costul inhibitorului, datorită introducerii suplimentare a urotropinei în compoziţia sa. The technical result of the proposed invention is a significant reduction in corrosion losses, ensuring uniform corrosion suppression over time, reducing the cost of the inhibitor, due to the additional introduction of urotropine into its composition.
Testele la coroziune ale probelor cu dimensiunile de 50×25×3 mm au fost efectuate cu imersie completă în soluţie la aceeaşi adâncime cu accesul aerului. Rugozitatea lor iniţială a fost stabilită prin şlefuire. Pierderile la coroziune au fost înregistrate gravimetric. Efectul de acţiune a inhibitorului a fost evaluat cantitativ prin viteza de coroziune k, g/m2 · zi şi valoarea coeficientului de inhibare γ = k1/k, unde k1, k sunt vitezele de coroziune ale metalului, respectiv cu şi fără utilizarea inhibitorului. Acest coeficient indică de câte ori viteza de coroziune se micşorează ca urmare a acţiunii inhibitorului. Corrosion tests of samples with dimensions of 50×25×3 mm were carried out with complete immersion in the solution at the same depth as the air access. Their initial roughness was established by grinding. Corrosion losses were recorded gravimetrically. The effect of the inhibitor action was quantitatively evaluated by the corrosion rate k, g/m2 · day and the value of the inhibition coefficient γ = k1/k, where k1, k are the corrosion rates of the metal, respectively with and without the use of the inhibitor. This coefficient indicates how many times the corrosion rate decreases as a result of the inhibitor action.
Efectul concentraţiei inhibitorului şi a timpului de încercare asupra vitezei de coroziune k, g/m2 · zi şi a coeficientului de inhibare γ este prezentat în tabel. The effect of inhibitor concentration and test time on the corrosion rate k, g/m2 · day and the inhibition coefficient γ is presented in the table.
Din datele prezentate se poate observa că atunci, când se utilizează numai borogluconatul de calciu cu o concentraţie de 50-150 mg/l, valoarea maximă a lui γ nu depăşeşte mărimea de 6,3 (la 150 mg/l, după 24 de ore de testări), iar valoarea coeficientului γ este extrem de neuniformă în timpul expunerii (de exemplu, la 8 ore şi la o concentraţie de 50 mg/l, γ = 4,2, iar la 120 de ore de expunere, valoarea sa scade aproape de două ori - până la 2,8). From the presented data it can be seen that when only calcium borogluconate is used with a concentration of 50-150 mg/l, the maximum value of γ does not exceed 6.3 (at 150 mg/l, after 24 hours of testing), and the value of the γ coefficient is extremely non-uniform during exposure (for example, at 8 hours and at a concentration of 50 mg/l, γ = 4.2, and at 120 hours of exposure, its value decreases almost twice - to 2.8).
Introducerea suplimentară a urotropinei în mediul coroziv, chiar şi la concentraţii mici de borogluconat de calciu, duce la o scădere a pierderilor la coroziune şi la o egalizare mai mare a valorilor coeficientului de inhibare în timp. Deci, la concentraţia borogluconatului de calciu în cantitate de 50 mg/l, valoarea maximă a lui γ nu depăşeşte 4,2 la 8 ore de testări, micşorându-se la 120 ore până la 2,8. Adăugarea numai a 50 mg/l de urotropină în mediul coroziv măreşte valoarea coeficientului γ până la 4,6 şi 6,73 respectiv. Un efect şi mai vizibil asupra suprimării procesului de coroziune îl au valorile mari ale concentraţiei de urotropină. The additional introduction of urotropine into the corrosive medium, even at low concentrations of calcium borogluconate, leads to a decrease in corrosion losses and a greater equalization of the inhibition coefficient values over time. So, at a calcium borogluconate concentration of 50 mg/l, the maximum value of γ does not exceed 4.2 at 8 hours of testing, decreasing at 120 hours to 2.8. The addition of only 50 mg/l of urotropine into the corrosive medium increases the value of the γ coefficient to 4.6 and 6.73, respectively. An even more noticeable effect on the suppression of the corrosion process is the high values of the urotropine concentration.
Tabel Table
Efectul compoziţiei inhibitorilor asupra parametrilor procesului de coroziune a oţelului St. 3 în apă The effect of inhibitor composition on the corrosion process parameters of St. 3 steel in water
Concentraţia inhibitorilor, mg/l Timpul încercărilor, h Viteza de coroziune, k, g/m2 · zi Coeficientul de inhibare, γ 0 8 24 72 120 21,0 12,0 6,6 4,6 - - - - Borogluconatul de calciu (BGC) 50 8 24 72 120 5,0 2,86 2,2 1,64 4,2 4,2 3,0 2,8 BGC 100 8 24 72 120 4,1 2,4 1,69 1,3 5,12 5,00 3,90 3,5 BGC 150 8 24 72 120 3,3 2,4 1,43 1,0 6,36 5,7 4,6 4,6 BGC 50+urotropină 50 8 24 72 120 4,57 2,12 1,04 0,68 4,6 5,66 6,35 6,76 BGC 50+urotropină 100 8 24 72 120 3,48 1,96 0,92 0,61 6,03 6,12 7,17 7,54 BGC 50+ urotropină 150 8 24 72 120 3,02 1,82 0,78 0,53 6,95 6,59 8,46 8,68 BGC 100+ urotropină 50 8 24 72 120 2,8 1,55 0,78 0,52 7,50 7,74 8,5 8,85 BGC 100+ urotropină 100 8 24 72 120 2,88 1,52 0,83 0,53 7,29 7,90 7,95 8,68 BGC 100+ urotropină 150 8 24 72 120 2,66 1,44 0,76 0,47 7,90 8,33 8,68 9,79 BGC 150+ urotropină 50 8 24 72 120 2,23 1,23 0,65 0,35 9,42 9,76 10,15 13,14 BGC 150+ urotropină 100 8 24 72 120 2,13 1,2 0,64 0,34 9,86 10,00 10,31 13,52 BGC 150+ urotropină 150 8 24 72 120 1,96 1,07 0,54 0,33 10,70 11,22 12,22 13,94Inhibitor concentration, mg/l Test time, h Corrosion rate, k, g/m2 · day Inhibition coefficient, γ 0 8 24 72 120 21.0 12.0 6.6 4.6 - - - - Calcium borogluconate (BGC) 50 8 24 72 120 5.0 2.86 2.2 1.64 4.2 4.2 3.0 2.8 BGC 100 8 24 72 120 4.1 2.4 1.69 1.3 5.12 5.00 3.90 3.5 BGC 150 8 24 72 120 3.3 2.4 1.43 1.0 6.36 5.7 4.6 4.6 BGC 50+urotropine 50 8 24 72 120 4.57 2.12 1.04 0.68 4.6 5.66 6.35 6.76 BGC 50+urotropin 100 8 24 72 120 3.48 1.96 0.92 0.61 6.03 6.12 7.17 7.54 BGC 50+urotropin 150 8 24 72 120 3.02 1.82 0.78 0.53 6.95 6.59 8.46 8.68 BGC 100+urotropin 50 8 24 72 120 2.8 1.55 0.78 0.52 7.50 7.74 8.5 8.85 BGC 100+ urotropin 100 8 24 72 120 2.88 1.52 0.83 0.53 7.29 7.90 7.95 8.68 BGC 100+ urotropin 150 8 24 72 120 2.66 1.44 0.76 0.47 7.90 8.33 8.68 9.79 BGC 150+ urotropin 50 8 24 72 120 2.23 1.23 0.65 0.35 9.42 9.76 10.15 13.14 BGC 150+ urotropin 100 8 24 72 120 2.13 1.2 0.64 0.34 9.86 10.00 10.31 13.52 BGC 150+ urotropin 150 8 24 72 120 1.96 1.07 0.54 0.33 10.70 11.22 12.22 13.94
Cantitatea de inhibitor introdusă în mediul coroziv joacă un rol hotărâtor. The amount of inhibitor introduced into the corrosive environment plays a decisive role.
Limita inferioară a concentraţiei borogluconatului de calciu este de 50 mg/l, deoarece la o valoare a ei mai mică, inhibarea coroziunii oţelului scade. Limita superioară a concentraţiei borogluconatului de calciu, cu scopul de a economisi, o alegem de 150 mg/l, la care se intensifică suprimarea procesului de coroziune. The lower limit of the calcium borogluconate concentration is 50 mg/l, because at a lower value, the inhibition of steel corrosion decreases. The upper limit of the calcium borogluconate concentration, in order to save, we choose 150 mg/l, at which the suppression of the corrosion process is intensified.
Limita inferioară a concentraţiei de urotropină trebuie luată de 50 mg/l, deoarece la un conţinut al ei mai mic coeficientul γ creşte nesemnificativ. Limita superioară a concentraţiei de urotropină trebuie considerată ca fiind de 150 mg/l, deoarece mărirea ei ulterioară măreşte nesemnificativ inhibarea coroziunii, însă duce la creşterea costului inhibitorului. The lower limit of the urotropin concentration should be taken as 50 mg/l, because at a lower content the coefficient γ increases insignificantly. The upper limit of the urotropin concentration should be considered as 150 mg/l, because its further increase increases insignificantly the corrosion inhibition, but leads to an increase in the cost of the inhibitor.
Astfel, a fost elaborat un inhibitor eficace, destul de ecologic împotriva coroziunii oţelului în apă, care permite semnificativ de a micşora pierderile la coroziune - până la 13,9 ori. Thus, an effective, fairly environmentally friendly inhibitor against steel corrosion in water was developed, which allows to significantly reduce corrosion losses - up to 13.9 times.
1. Паршутин В.В., Шолтоян Н.С., Сидельникова С.П., Володина Г.Ф. Ингибирование бороглюконатом кальция коррозии углеродистой стали Ст. 3 в воде. Коррозия в условиях естественной аэрации и принудительной конвекции. Электронная обработка материалов. 1999, № 5, p. 42-56 1. Parshutin V.V., Sholtoyan N.S., Sidelnikova S.P., Volodina G.F. Ингибирование бороглюконатом калция корозии углеродистой стали Ст. 3 in the water. Corrosion in the conditions of natural aeration and forced convection. Electronic processing of materials. 1999, No. 5, p. 42-56
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| MDS20190044A MD1414Z (en) | 2019-04-24 | 2019-04-24 | Process for corrosion protection of steel in water |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| MDS20190044A MD1414Z (en) | 2019-04-24 | 2019-04-24 | Process for corrosion protection of steel in water |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| MD1414Y MD1414Y (en) | 2020-01-31 |
| MD1414Z true MD1414Z (en) | 2020-10-31 |
Family
ID=69399891
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| MDS20190044A MD1414Z (en) | 2019-04-24 | 2019-04-24 | Process for corrosion protection of steel in water |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| MD (1) | MD1414Z (en) |
-
2019
- 2019-04-24 MD MDS20190044A patent/MD1414Z/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MD1414Y (en) | 2020-01-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6455526B2 (en) | Electrical steel sheet | |
| Mainier et al. | The use of sodium silicate as a corrosion inhibitor in a saline drilling fluid: a nonaggressive option to the environment | |
| MD1414Z (en) | Process for corrosion protection of steel in water | |
| MD1415Z (en) | Process for corrosion protection of steel in water | |
| MD1397Z (en) | Process for corrosion protection of steel in water | |
| MD1416Z (en) | Process for corrosion protection of steel in water | |
| MD1382Z (en) | Process for corrosion protection of steel in water | |
| Anand et al. | Corrosion behaviour of mild steel in acidic medium in presence of aqueous extract of Allamanda blanchetii | |
| RU2702542C1 (en) | Inhibitor of corrosion and scale formation for use in systems of reverse cooling of power plants or other industrial enterprises | |
| Loto et al. | Inhibition effect of 2-amino-5-ethyl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole on corrosion behaviour of austenitic stainless steel type 304 in dilute HCl solution | |
| Avdeev et al. | Protection of chromium-nickel steel in hydrochloric acid solution by a substituted triazole | |
| MD1534Z (en) | Process for corrosion protection of steel in water | |
| MD1764Z (en) | Process for corrosion protection of steel in water | |
| MD4310C1 (en) | Inhibitor of steel corrosion in water | |
| MX2022007828A (en) | Fish feed pellets loaded with a microbial oil. | |
| MD1496Z (en) | Process for corrosion protection of steel in water | |
| Popoola et al. | Inhibitive action of ferrous gluconate on aluminum alloy in saline environment | |
| MD1494Z (en) | Process for corrosion protection of steel in water | |
| MD1507Z (en) | Process for corrosion protection of steel in water | |
| MD1495Z (en) | Process for corrosion protection of steel in water | |
| MD1633Z (en) | Process for corrosion protection of steel in water | |
| MD1746Z (en) | Process for corrosion protection of steel in water | |
| MD4313C1 (en) | Inhibitor of steel corrosion in water | |
| MD1371Y (en) | Process for corrosion protection of steel in water | |
| MD4321C1 (en) | Inhibitor of steel corrosion in water |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FG9Y | Short term patent issued | ||
| KA4Y | Short-term patent lapsed due to non-payment of fees (with right of restoration) |