LV11186B - Polymer on the basis of water soluble polymer and method of preparation thereof - Google Patents

Polymer on the basis of water soluble polymer and method of preparation thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
LV11186B
LV11186B LVP-93-919A LV930919A LV11186B LV 11186 B LV11186 B LV 11186B LV 930919 A LV930919 A LV 930919A LV 11186 B LV11186 B LV 11186B
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LV
Latvia
Prior art keywords
polymer
group
obtaining
monomer
παμ
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LVP-93-919A
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English (en)
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LV11186A (lv
Inventor
Joseph J Kozakiewicz
David L Dauplaise
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American Cyanamid Co
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Application filed by American Cyanamid Co filed Critical American Cyanamid Co
Publication of LV11186A publication Critical patent/LV11186A/lv
Publication of LV11186B publication Critical patent/LV11186B/lv

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
    • D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
    • D21H21/20—Wet strength agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
    • C08J2300/14—Water soluble or water swellable polymers, e.g. aqueous gels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2333/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2333/24—Homopolymers or copolymers of amides or imides
    • C08J2333/26—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/37—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylates
    • D21H17/375—Poly(meth)acrylamide
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/38—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing crosslinkable groups
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
    • D21H21/50—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by form
    • D21H21/52—Additives of definite length or shape

Description

LV 11186 ΠΟ/ΙΜΜΕΡ HA OCHOBE BOflOPACTBOPMMOrO ΠΟ/1ΜΜΕΡΑ M CnOCOBbl ΕΓΟ ΠΟΠΥΗΕΗΜΗ
OnncaHue
HacToamee n3o6peieHne othocmtch κ MMKponacTMuaM 0yHKunoHann3npoBaHHoro ($yHKUMOHanbHO 3aMeu4eHHoro) BopopacTBopuMoro nonuMepa n mx nonyweHMa.
OyHKunoHann3npoBaHHbie BonopacTBopMMbie nonmviepbi xopomo M3BecTHbi cneuManMCTaM, m ohm πρμμθηηκγγοη b caMbix pa3nnHHbix o6nacTax. Ochobhom HBflOCTaTOK ΜΗΟΓΜΧ <ļ>yHKflM0HanM3Mp0BaHHblX ΠΟΠΜΜθρΟΒ 3aKHIOHaeTCfl B MX τθηαθηαμμ κ cmuBaHmo, npuneM, 3Ta npo6neMa CTaHOBMTca 6onee TpypHO-npeoflonuMoii no Mepe noBbiiueHMa copepJKaHMB τβθραογο κομποηθητ3 nonuMepa μπμ ero MoneKyrmpHoro Beca. rionbīTKM CHM3MTb τθηαθημμκ) τβκμχ ποπμμθροβ κ CLUMBaHMK) 0Ka3anHCb βΟΠΘβ ΗΘΜ HeyflOBneTBOpMTenbHblMM. Κ npnMepy χοροιιιο n3BecTHbi BbicoKOMoneKynnpHbie aKpMnaMMflHbie nonuMepbi MaHHnxa (ΠΑΜ), Mcnonb3yeMbie b pa3nnHHbix BapnaHTax oca>KfleHMfl b BMfle xnonbeB (Φποκ^πααμπ). Ochobhom HeaocTaTOK ΠΑΜ MaHHiixa 3aKmoHaeTcn b mx TeHfleHUHM κ CLUMBaHMio. 3Ta npočneMa cTaHOBMTca Bce čonee TpyflHO-npeoflonMMOM c poctom TBepnoro KOMnoHeHTa nonMMepa. BcnencTBMe stoto TaKMe nonMMepbi, Kax npaBMno. nonyHaK)T b βμαθ pa36aBneHHbix BOflHbix pacTBOpoB c uenbto 3aMeflneHMH ckopoctm μθ>κποπμμθρηογο οιιιμββημβ. CoflepxaHMe TBepfloro KOMnoHeHTa τθιοκθ αοπχηο noflflep>KMBaTbca Ha hm3kom ypoBHe, ocočeHHO b cnynae BbicoKOMoneKynapHbix ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa, nocKonbKy TaKMe nonMMepbi cnocoČHbi yBenMHMBaTb BA3K0CTb BOflbi. B pe3ynbTaTe ypoeeHb conep>KaHMfl TBepfloro KOMnoHeHTa oneHb BbicoKOMoneKynnpHbix ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa ποπ>κθη, xax npaBMno, 6biTb ημ>κθ 10%, očbiMHO 6% μπμ ημχθ c τθμ, HToābi mx pacTBOpbi noflflaBariMCb πθρθκθημβθημκ) HacocoM μ 6μπμ 6onee npocTbi b očpameHMM.
Bbino npeflnpMHiiTO HecKonbKO ποπντοκ npeofloneTb yxa3aHHbie TpyflHOCTM. OflMH M3 ποαχοαοβ 3aKniOHaeTCfl b nonyneHMM ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa Ha MecTe mx ΠρΜΜβΗβΗΜΒ nyTeM MHBepCMM OČpaTMMOM 3MynbCMM ΠΑΜ C BbICOKMM coflepx<aHMeM TBepobix κομποηθητοβ b βοαθ, coflep>xatneM flManKMnaMMHbi m $opManbflerMfl. B naTeHTe CLUA 4021394 m naTeHTe ClilA 4022741 onMcaHbi HenpepbiBHbie cnocočbi nonyHeHMa ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa, 3aKniOHaioinMecfl b MHBepCMM OČpaTMMOM 3MynbCMM ΠΑΜ b očpačaTbiBaeMOM ποτοκθ, conepxameM $opManbflerMfl m BTopMHHbiM 3MMH, m npMflaHMfl noTOKy Typ6yneHTHOCTM nyTeM HenocpeflCTBeHHoro nepeMeiiJMBaHMfl noTOKa, c nonyHeHMeM 1-15%-ro pacTBopa ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa. K HeaocTaTKaM TaKoro noflxona othocmtch Heo6xoflMMOcTb ΧρβΗΘΗΜΑ ΜΗΟΓΜΧ ΧΜΜΜΚ3Τ0Β Ha ΜΘΟΤΘ ΑΠΑ ΠρΟΒΘΑβΗΜΗ ΤβΜ ΧΚΜΜΗΘΟΚΚΧ peaKUMM. npeflno>KeHHbM mpyroūi πορχορ 3aKnKD4aeicn b nonyHeHMn cyxoro ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa (cm. naTeHTbi CUJA 3864312, 3539535 m 3790529) nnn CMecePi cyxoro ΠΑΜ c CyXHMM HH3K0M0neKynBpHblMM 06pa3yKDLHMMM OCHOBaHMfl MaHHMXa COeflMHeHMaMM. KOTOpbie npM pacTBopeHnn b Bope BCTynatoT b peaKumo c 06pa30BaHneM ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa (cm. Εβροπθι/ickmh naieHT 210784). Ππη προβθαθημη eapnaHTOB b μθπομ xapa<TepHbi npo6neMbi, cBfl3am-ibie co οιιιμβαημθμ, očpaTMMOCTbto peaKunn MaHHiixa, TpyflHOCTbK) h npOAonx<menbHOCTbio pacTBopeHMfl BbicoKOMoneKynapHbix ποπΜΜΘροΒ, m Apyrne 3aTpyHHeHMfl. Eme οαμη μθτοα 3aKniOHaeTCfl β πογ^ηθημμ ΠΑΜ B o6paTHMbix 3MynbCMnx (cm. naTei-rrbi CUJA 3979348, 4093542, 4010131). Πρί/ΐ τ3κομ πορχορθ o6pa3yeTca npopyKT co 3HaHMTenbHO 6onee bncokhm conepjKaHMeM τβθραογο κομποηθητθ co cpeflHMM nnaMeTpoM nacTMU b MHTepBane 10000 - 20000 A, BcnepcTBue μθγο ciuMBaHMe Tbican nonnMepHbix ueneii b xa>Kfloii nacTMHKe flBnaeT npoAyKT ηθοΦΦθκτμβηβιμ. Οκοροσπ» cujMBaHMfl μο>κθτ 6biTb HecKonbKO CHM>KeHa npn αοΟθβπθημμ pOBonbHO 6onbuinx κοπμηθοτβ CTaānnn3aTopa (cm. naieHTbi CLUA 4113685 n 4073763), ho cuiMBaHue τθμ ηθ μθηθθ npOflon>KaeTCfl, T.e. τθκμθ npoAyKTbi μμθιοτ oneHb orpaHHseHHbiii cpox xpaHeHna.
BopopacTBopuMbie rnnoKcanupoBaHHbie aKpunaMMpHbie ποπμμθρηηθ cpepcTBa, npnAaioujne npoHHOCTb b mokpom cociomm, onncaHbi b naTeme CUJA N 3556932 (Coscia). TaKne, npHAaiomkie npoHHOCTb b mokpom coctoahmm cpencTBa nonyHatoT M3 nonuMepoB c MoneKynnpHbiM βθοομ μθηθθ 1000000, npeflnoHTmenbHO μθηθθ 25000. nonMMepbi noABepraroT peaKLļnn c rnnoKcaneM b pa36aBneHHOM boahom pacTBope c co3flaHneM β ποπμμθρθ φyHκ^^ιoHaπbHoίί rpynnbi - CONHCHOHCHO h c noBbiweHneM MoneKynapHoro Beca nonMMepa Ha cneT cujHBaHHa rnnoKcaneM. Hn3K0MoneKynnpHbie nonMMepbi h pa36aBneHHbie pacTBopbi Tpe5yiOT C03naHna no MeHbwePi Mepe 6% φyHκ^^10HaπbHbιx rpynn -CONHCHOHCHO β nonnMepax 6θ3 33μθτηογο οιιιμβαημη Unu reneo6pa30BaHH?i, b npOTHBHOM cnyHae nonHMepbi CTaHOBHTcn 6ecnone3HbiMn, b KanecTBe npnnaK>iunx npoHHOCTb B MOKPOM COCTOflHHH CpeflCTB. iļa>Ke ΠρΜ T3KHX HH3KHX ΚΟΗΑΘΗΤρβΑΜΗΧ τβθραογο κομποηθητβ ( 3a cneT pa36aBneHna) cuiHBaHMe προροπχοθτοη, hto orpaHHHHBaeT cpoxn xpaHeHna nponyKTa. HanpHMep, npoMbimneHHbie nponyKTbi, nocTaBnneMbie b BMjņe 10%-bix pacTBopoe τβθραογο κομποηθητθ, npH κομη3τηο£ι TeMnepaiype očpa3ytoT renb β τθηθημθ 8 αηθμ. flpyroii Knacc BOflopacTBopnMbix nonuMepoB, qna KOTopbix τθιοκθ xapaKTepHbi npo6neMbi, CBB3aHHbie c Mex<MoneKynnpHbiM CLUHBaHMeM, o6pa3ytoT 3noKCM3aMemeHHbie aMUHbi. βκπιοηθιοιαμθ npHaarauļMe npoHHOCTb b mokpom COCTOflHHM nonUMepbl, OnUCaHHbie Β ΠΘΤΘΗΤΘ CUIA 4233417 (BB0AHTC3 Β OnMCaHHe LV 11186 b βμπθ ccbiriKM), a τ3κ>κθ b πρμβθρθηημχ b naTeHTe ccbmKax. Χοροιυο μ3βθοτηο, mto Ta«ne φγΗκΐ4ΜθΗ3ΠΜ3ΜροΒ3ΗΗΜθ nonMMepbi 6biCTpo ciuMBaKJTCB b pe3ynbTaTe peaKMMM aMMHorpynnbi nonuMepa c 3noKCnrpynnaMM n xnoprnapMHOBbiMM rpynnaMM c o6pa30BaHweM ηθθΦΦθκτμβηογο γθπβ. C penbīo MacTMHHoro peiueHMn 3anaMn npepno>KeHo HecKonbKO πορχοροε, b tom nncne: pa36aBneHne npopyKTa nocne μ3γοτοβπθημη, perynMpoBaHMe 3Η8ηθημπ pH c ne3aKTMBai4MeM 3noKcnrpynn m peaKpna aMHHorpynn nonuMepa c μ36μτκομ 3nnxnoprnppnHa c ποπηομ KBapTepHH3ai4neii n pe3aKTMBapMeM Bcex aMMHorpynn. K ηθροοτβτκημ τβκμχ πορχοροβ othocmtch ποημχθηηοθ copep>KaHne βκτμβηογο TBepporo KOMnoHema b προργκτθ, noBbiiueHHaB CTOMMOdb oāpaSoTKM, noBbiiueHHbiPi pacxop 3nnxnoprnppMHa Μ Τ.Π. flpyrne npopyKTbi, μ3γοτοβπβθμμθ M3 pa3nnHHbix μμθιοιρμχ φγΗκρίΊΟΗΒΠΒΗΝθ rpynnbi MaTepnanoB c o6cy>KnaeMbie 6onee πορροδΗΟ ημχθ, TaKX<e CBB33Hbl C ΠροβΠΘΜΟΜ CLUMBaHMfl H C0nyTCTByK)U4MM CUJUBaHmO 33τρυρηθημβμμ npM ynoTpe6neHMM, Tax Ητο TaKMe npopyKTbi nonapaioT B HMCHO npopyKTOB, 06napat0LUMX ΗΘΡ00Τ3ΤΚ3ΜΜ, KOTOpbie MOryT 6blTb nMKBMflMpOBaHbl HaCTOBLLļUM Μ3θ6ρθΤΘΗΜΘΜ. Οοοτβθτοτβθηηο, cyiuecTByeT noTpečHOCTb b Φυηκρμοηθπμθμροβθηημχ BOPOpaCTBOpMMblX nonMMepaX, KOTOpbie MOryT 6blTb ΠΟΠγΗΘΗΜ C BbICOKMM ΟΟΡβρΧΟΗΜΘΜ ΤΒβρρΟΓΟ Κ0ΜΠ0ΗΘΗΤ8 ΜΠΜ BbICOKMM ΜΟΠΘΚγΠίφΗΜΜ ΒΘΟΟΜ 6θ3 ΜΗΤΘΗΟΜΒΗΟΓΟ ΜΘ*ΠΟΠΜΜθρΗΟΓΟ ΟΙΙΜΒΒΗΜΠ, ΒΟΠΘΡΟΤΒΜΘ ΜΘΓΟ ΜΟΓγΤ 6blTb SKOHOMMHeCKM BbirORHO TpaHCnOpTMpOBaHbl 6e3 33ΤΡΥΡΗΘΗΜΜ Β OāpaipeHMM CO CTOpOHbl ΠΟΤρβδΜΤβΠΒ M 6e3 ΗΘΟδΧΟΡΜΜΟΟΤΜ npMrOTOBPBTb ΜΧ ΗΘΠΟΟρβΡΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ Ha μθοτθ Mcnonb30BaHMfl. TaKMe Φυηκρμοη3πμ3μροβ3ηημθ nonMMepbi 6ypyT xapaKTepM30BaTbCB ppMTenbHbiM cpokom χρθηθημπ, m npepcTaBnaiOT co6om cymecTBeHHbiM BKnap β μ3βθοτηημ ypoBeHb τθχημκμ.
Heox<MpaHHO HaiipeHO, ητο Φυηκρμοηθπμθμροββηηβιθ BopopacTBopMMbie Ha OCHOBe ΠΟΠΜΜθρΟΒ HaCTMlļbl ΠΟΠΜΜΘρΟΒ ΜΟΓγΤ 6blTb ΠΟΠγΗΘΗΜ Β ΒΜρβ 06paTMMblX 3MyPbCMM ΜΠΜ MMKp03MynbCMM, M TaKMe ΠΟΠΜΜθρΗΜΘ HaCTMLļbl OānapaiOT ΠγΗΙϋΜΜΜ 3Kcnnyaiai4MOHHbiMM xapaKTepMCTMK3MM no Mepe οιιιμβρημβ no cpaBHeHMio c ΠρΟΤΟΤΜΠΟΜ. Β ΟΤΠΜΗΜΘ OT CnOCOČOB ΠΟΠγΗΘΗΜΒ Μ3ΒΘ0ΤΗ0Γ0 ypOBHfl ΤΘΧΗΜΚΜ, Β KOTopbix Φυηκρμοη3πμ3μροβ3ηηηθ nonMMepbi copepx<aT 6onbiuMe KonMHecTea Μοηβκγπ nonMMepa β orhom μ tom >κθ borhom cpepe, Φυηκρμοη3πμ3μροβθηη^θ nonMMepbi HacTonmero μ3ο6ρθτθημπ BbipeneHbi b MHpMBMpyanbHOM βμρθ μπμ πρΜ OrpaHMMeHHOM HMCne ΜΟΠΘΚγη nonMMepa B Ka>KROM MMpenne BORHOM 3MynbCMM. B pe3ynbTaTe npočneMa ujMpOKO- MacurraāHoro cujMBaHMn Μοπθκγπ, npoMCxopniuan β paCTBOpe ΜΠΜ OČpaTMMOM 3MynbCMM προργΚΤΟΒ Μ3ΒΘ0ΤΗ0Γ0 ypOBHB ΤΘΧΗΜΚΜ, 0Ka3biBaeTca πρθοροπθηηομ c ποπυηθημθμ ποπμμθροβ, KOTOpbie χοτπ μ 4 noaBepraiOTCfl ctuMBaHUio. τθμ ηθ μθηθθ npMMeHHMbi β uennx jqnn κοτορπχ ohm npeflHa3HaHeHbi. KPATKOE Μ3ΠΟ>ΚΕΗΜΕ CyiiļHOCTM l/l30EPETEHMfl
CornacHO HacT0flmeMy μ3ο6ρθτθημκ> npepnaraeTca BopopacTBopMMbm ocHOBaHHbiii Ha nonMMepe nonuMep, HMeiomHM cnocočHbie cujMBaTbcn $yHKUMOHanbHbie rpynnbi, μ τβκοΛ nonuMep Haxoflmcsi β φορΜΘ, β κοτοροίί no cymecTBy Becb nonuMep npncyTCTByeT b Bupe flMCKpeTHbix nacTMu pnaMeipoM b nHTepBane 200-4000 A.
PeKOMeHqyeTCfl nonyHaTb BbiweyKa3aHHbiM nonuMep M3 aKpunaMupa, rnnpoKcnanKnn(anK)aKpnnaTa, N, N-flnanKMnaMHHoariKnn(ariK)aKpnriaTa nnn annunaMHHa.
CornacHO HacTOBiueMy Μ3θβρβτβΗΜΐο naioTcn TaioKe cnoco6bi nonyHeHMB nonnMepHbix nacTMU no BbiujenpnBefleHHOMy onpepeneHmo. B oahom M3 BapnamoB nonMMepHbie nacTnubi nonynaK)T:
(a) CMeiunBaHusM (I) βορηογο pacTBopa no MeHbiueii Mepe οαηογο MOHOMepa, οποοο6ηογο o6pa30BbiBaTb BOAopacTBOpMMbiti ποπμμθρ, m bo3Mo>kho no MeHbiueii Mepe coMOHOMepa c abomhoh CBH3bio; (II) MacnjļHoro pacTBopa, BKmoHatomero no MeHbiueii Mepe OflHy rneBoqopopHyio >KnpKOCTb; (III) 3φφβΚΤΜΒΗ0Γ0 ΚΟΠΜΗβΟΤΒΒ ΠΟΒβρΧΗΟΟΤΗΟ—3ΚΤΜΒΗ0Γ0 BemeCTBa μπμ noBepxHOCTHO—aKTUBHoti CMecu c uenbjo o6pa30BaHna oāpaTUMoii 3Mynbcnn μπμ MHKp03MyribCMM; (b) o6pa6oTKoii nonyHeHHoii Ha CTaamh (a) očpaTiiMOH MMKpo3MynbCnn b ycnoBnnx nonnMepn3ai4MH c nonyHeHneM BopopacTBopuMoro nonuMepa c pa3MepoM nacTmj b MHTepBane 200-4000 A; (c) petfcTBHeM no MeHbLueū Mepe οαηογο φνΗκυκοΗβπι^ι^ιοιιιβΓΟ cpeocTBa Ha nonyHeHHyto Ha CTaflMM (b) nonnMepn30BaHHy»o 3Mynbcwo; (d) peaKpneM φyHKL^^l0Haπn3^1pyιou^eΓ0 cpencTBa c BOAopacTBopMMbiM ΠΟΠΜΜβρΟΜ.
Bo ΒτοροΜ BapHaHTe nonHMepHbie nacTMUbi nonyHaioT:
(a) CMeujMBaHMeM (I) BOflHoro pacTBopa (I) no MeHbLuefi Mepe οαηογο MOHOMepa, οποοο6ηογο o6pa30BbiBaTb BOAOpacTBopMMbiii nonuMep, (2) no MeHbiueii Mepe οαηογο φyHκunoHaπ^13^1pyιoLueΓo cpepcTBa μ bo3mo>kho (3) no MeHbUiePi Mepe οαηογο COMOHOMepa c αΒΟίίΗΟίί CBB3blO; LV 11186 (II) MacnflHoro pacTBOpa, BKmonaioinero no MeHbiueM Mepe opHy yrneBoqopoflHyK) >KHflKOCTb; (III) θφφθκτΜΒΗΟΓΟ KonunecTBa ποΒβρχΗοοτΗο—3κτιίβηογο BemecTBa nnn noBepxHOCTHO—aKTMBHoīi CMecu c o6pa30BaHneM o6paTHMoii 3Myribcnn nnn MHKpo3MynbCMM: (b) o6pa6oTKoti nonyHeHHOM Ha daūm (a) 3Mynbcnn b ycnoBkiflx nonnMepn3ai4nn n ββθρθημη φyHK^noHaπbHOΓO 3aMecTMTena c nonyHeHueM 3MynbCHM BOPOpaCTBOpUMOrO OCHOBaHHOrO Ha nOHHMepe nOnMMepa C PHaMeTpOM nacTMU b MHTepBane 200-4000 A. B TpeTbeM BapnaHTe nonMMepHbie nacTMUbi nonywaioT:
a) CMeiuHBaHMeM I) BOflHoro pacTBopa no MeHbiueM Mepe οοηογο MOHOMepa, cnocočHoro oāpa30BbiBaTb BopopacTBopuMbiM ποπΜΜβρ m coaep>Kainero φyHK^^10HaπbHy^o rpynny, m bo3mo>kho no MeHbLueM Mepe οπηογο coMOHOMepa c abokhom CBB3bK); II) MacnaHoro pacTBopa, BKruonaioinero no MeHbUjeii Mepe opHy yrneBomopoflHyio >κΜηκοση>; III) 3φφβκτΜΒΗ0Γ0 KonunecTBa ποΒβρχΗοοτΗο—3κτμβηογο BemecTBa μπμ ΠΟΒβρΧΗΟΟΤΗΟ—3KTMBH0M CMeCM C 06pa30BaHMeM OČpaTMMOti 3MynbCMM HHM MHKp03MynbCMM; (b) o6pa6oTKOM nonyHeHHoii Ha CTaflHH a) 3MynbCMH b ycnoBnax nonnMepn3aunn c o6pa30BaHneM 3Mynbcnn BonopacTBopMMoro οοηοβ3ηηογο Ha noriMMepe nonHMepa c flHaMeTpoM nacTMU b MHTepBane 200-4000 A. B ΗβτΒβρτοΜ BapHaHTe nomiMepHbie nacTimbi nonyHa»OT:
(a) CMeujMBaHMeM (I) BOflHoro pacTBopa no MeHbuieii Mepe ορηογο MOHOMepa, MMetomero rpynny, cnoco6HyK) npeBpamaTbca b φyHκ^^10HaπbHy^o rpynny. μ οποοοΟηογο 06pa30BblBaTb BOflOpaCTBOpMMblfi ΠΟΠΜΜβρ 1) B HMCTOM BMfle ΜΠΜ B COHeTaHMM c qpyrnM MOHOMepoM v\m 2) nocne npeBpameHna yKa3aHH0ii rpynnbi b φyHκunoHaπbHyκ) rpynny; (II) MacnaHoro pacTBopa, coaepjKamero no MeHbLueii Mepe opHy yrneBOfloponHyK) >KMflKOCTb; (III) 3φφβΚΤΜΒΗ0Γ0 KOilMHeCTBa ΠΟΒβρΧΗΟΟΤΗΟ—3ΚΤΜΒΗ0Γ0 BemecTBa ΜΠΜ ΠΟΒθρΧΗΟΟΤΗΟ—aKTMBHOii ΟΜβΟΜ C 06pa30BaHHeM OČpaTHMOii 3MynbCHM ΙΊΠΜ MHKp03MynbCMM; b) o6pa6oTKoti nonyHeHHoii Ha CTaam a) 3MynbCnn b ycnoBnax nonnMepM3aL4MM h npeBpameHHe c nonyHeHneM 3Mynbcnn BonopacTBopnMoro οοηοββηηογο Ha nomiMepe nonHMepa c flHaMeTpoM nacTHu b HHiepsane 200-4000 A. <> nonnMepn3aunK) npOBOflaTflo6aBneHneM MHMUMaTopa nonnMepn3ai4nn μπμ neiicTBueM Ha o6paTHMyio MMKpo3MynbCMK) ynbTpacf)MoneTOBoro n3nyMeHna.
nOflPOBHOE ΟΠΙ/ICAHHE M30EPETEHH5R
nonyneHne $yHKunoHann3npoBaHHbix BonopacTBopnMbix nonuMepoB b Bune He6onbiuoM boohom očpaTUMoii 3MynbCMM μπμ b enne KaneneK μπμ MMuenn MMKpo3MynbCMM μοκπιοηθθτ npo6neMy LUMpoKOMaciuTačHoro μθ>κποπμμθρηογο CLunBaHMfl, xapaKTepHy»o nnn ομοτθμ o6paTMMbix 3MynbCMii c nacTMLiaMM āonbīuero pa3Mepa, b pe3ynbTaTe nero nonyneHHbiM b BMne pacTBopa npopyKT 0Ka3biBaeTcn 30CpeKTMBHblM M npM CUJMBaHMM Μ ΜΟ>ΚβΤ 6blTb ΠρΜΓΟΤΟΒΠβΗ ΠρΜ BbICOKOM coaepaoHMM TBepporo κομποηθητ3 nonuMepa.
HacTOBinee Μ3θ6ρβτβΗΜβ βκπκ)Η3Θτ BopopacTBopMMbie nonMMepHbie nacTMUbi, 3aMemeHHbie no MeHbiueM Mepe Ha 0,5% Macc. $yHKi4MOHanbHbiMM rpynnaMM, ΡΜ3ΜΘΤΡ0Μ 200-4000 A.
BoflopacTBopHMbie nonnMepbi, KOTopbie ΜΟΓγτ flBMTbca ochobom nonnMepHbix nacTMu HacToamero μ3ο6ρθτθηκβ, sto nonHMepbi, cnocočHbie BCTynaTb b peaKUMio c cpyHKunoHann3npyK)LunM cpencTBOM c co3flaHneM b nonHMepe φyHκ^noHaπbHbιx rpynn, μπμ nonmviepbi ype copepaoiune TaKMe $yHKUMOHanbHbie rpynnbi μπμ coflepttamMe rpynnbi, cnocočHbie npeBpamaTbca b $yHKMMOHanbHbie rpynnbi, h npeTepneBaroinHe οιιιμββημθ b xope peaKUHH c 0yHKUMOHann3npyK)inMM cpepcTBOM, b xope nonnMepn3aunn, b xope npeBpaineHHB Unu b xone CTapeHHB. npHMepbi npneMneMbix BoqopacTBopnMbix nonmviepOB BKniOHaK3T nonHMepbi, nonyHeHHbie H3 τ3κμχ μοηομθροβ xax aKpnnaMnqbi, HanpMMep: aKpnnaMM/5 h MeraupmaMm, N-anKMnaMMflbi, HanpMMep: N -MeTMnaKpiinaMHfl, N-OKTnnaKpnnaMna, N,N- ananKnnaMMHoanKnn(anK)aKpnnaMMflbi, HanpHMep: N,N-aMMeTMnaMHHO-MeTMnaKpMnaMMfl, N.N-nMMeTMnaMMHonponMn-MeiaKpMnaMMfl, rnflpoKCnanKnnanK) aKpMHaTbl, HanpMMep: ΓΜΠρ0Κ0Μ3ΤΜΠ3ΚρΜΠ3Τ, ΓΜΑρ0Κ0Μ3ΤΜΠΜβΤ3ΚρΜΠ3Τ, Ν,Ν-AManKMaMMHoanKMn(anK)aKpMnaTbi, HanpMMep: N,N-nMMeTMnaMMH03TnnaKpMnaT m —ΜΘΤ3ΚρΜΠ3Τ, N,N-flM3TMnaMMH03TMnaKpMnaT Μ —ΜβΤ3ΚρΜΠ3Τ, HeHaCblLMeHHblX nepBMHHblX, BTOpMHHblX ΜΠΜ TpeTMHHblX aMMHOB, ΜΧ ΟΜβΟβΜ Μ Τ.Π.
TaKMe BopopacTBopMMbie nonMMepbi MoryT6b(Tb nonyHeHbi M3eecTHbiMM cnoco6aMM nonMMepM3auMM. nonMMepM3auMeM BbiujenepeHMcneHHbix μοηομθροβ b hmctom BMpe μπμ b οοπβτΒΗΜΜ c BnnoTb ao 99,5% Macc. (b nepecneie Ha bchd Maccy nonMMepa) pononHMTenbHoro ηθμοηηογο, κ3τμοηηογο μπμ θημοηηογο coMOHOMepa, TaKoro Kax: 3κρΜΠΜορφοπΜΗ, Ν-βμημππμρροπμαοη, N-ΒΜΗΜΠφθρΜ3ΜΜΑ, Ν,Ν-flManKMHaKpMaMMflbl, ΗΘΠρΜΜβρ: Ν,Ν- JļMMeTMnaKpMnaMMfl, LV 11186 N,N-qnnponnnaKpnnaMHfl, Ν,Ν-iļnanKnnanKaKpnnaMHflbi, HanpuMep: N,N-Αμμθτμπμθτβκρμπθμμα, Ν,Ν-flnnponnnMeTaKpnnaMMfl, αμθππμαμηθπκμπθμμοημμ xnopnflbi, convi m HeTBepTMHHbie οοθαμηθημπ N,N-mnanKnnaMHHoanKnn(anK) aKOMnaMMflOB h T.fl.. aKpunoBaa KMcnoTa, MeTaKpunoBaa Kucnoia, Φυμθροββπ KucnoTa. MTaKOHOBan KMcnoTa, ManenHOBaa KMcnoTa, 2-aKpMnaMMflo-2-ΜΘΤΜΠΠρθΠ3ΗθγΠΒφθΗΟΒ3Π KMCnOTbl, 0ΤΜρ0Π0γΠΒφ0Η0Β3Π KMCnOTa, ΟΟΠΜ 3ΤΜΧ KHCnOT M T.fl. B 6a30Bbie MOHOMepbi, o6cy>KflaeMbie Bbiuje, MoryT 6biTb βκπιοηθην b κοπμμθοτβθ no 10% Macc. (b πθρθοηθτθ Ha bcio Maccy nomiMepa) HepacTBopMMbie b βοαθ coMOHOMepbi. TaKne MOHOMepbi BKniOHaKrn CTMpon, aKpMnaHMTpMn, MeTunaKpunaT, μθτμπμθτ3κρμπ3τ, βμμμπθαθτθτ m T.fl. ΦγΗΚ14ΜΟΗ3ΠΒΗΒΙβ rpynnbl, KOTOpbIMM OČflaflaiOT ΠΟΠΜΜΘρΗΒΙΘ HaCTMUbl HacTonmero μ3ο6ρθτθημπ, ΜΟΓγτ čbiTb co3flaHbi b nonuMepe 1) peaKuneii BOflopacTBopuMoro nomiMepa co cpepcTBOM, cnocoāHbiM βηθοτμ b ποπμμθρ φγΗΚΜΜΟΗβΠΒΗγίΟ φγΠΠγ, 2) Π0ΠΜΜΘρΜ33ΑΜΘΜ MOHOMepa, ΟΠΟΟΟβΗΟΓΟ o6pa30BbiBaTb BOflopacTBopMMbiii ποπμμθρ, b πρμουτοτβμμ cpeflCTBa, οποοο6ηογο ΒΗΘΟΤΜ φγΗΚ11Μ0Η3ΠΒΗγ(0 φγΠΠγ Β ΚΟΗΘΗΗΗΜ ΠΟΠΜΜβρ ΜΠΜ 3) Π0ΠΜΜΘρΜ33ΜΜΘΜ MOHOMepa, yx<e coflep>Kamero φyHκ^MOHaπbHyκ) rpynny μ οποοο6ηογο 06pa30BblBaTb Β HMCTOM ΒΜΑΘ ΜΠΜ Β ΟΟΗΘΤΘΗΜΜ C ΑΡΥΓΜΜ ΜΟΗΟΜβρΟΜ BOflopacTBopMMbiPi ποπμμθρ, μπμ 4) ποπΜΜΘρΜ33ΚΜΘΜ MOHOMepa, coflep>Kamero rpynny, οποοοδΗγκ) κ npeBpameHMK) β φyHK^MOHaπbHyκ) rpynny, μ οποοοΟηογο 06pa30BblBaTb BOflOpaCTBOpMMbIM ΠΟΠΜΜΘΡ 1) B HMCTOM BMfle μπμ β οοηθτβημμ c ΠΡΥΓΜΜ ΜΟΗΟΜΘρΟΜ ΜΠΜ 2) ΠΟΟΠΘ ΠρΘΒρΘΙ^ΘΗΜΠ γΚ333ΗΗ0Μ rpynnbl Β φγΗΚΜΜΟΗΘΠΒΗγΚ) φγΠΠγ. Β nepBOM cnynae BOflopacTBopMMbiM ποπμμθρ pearMpyeT c βθιαθοτβομ, CnOCOOHblM ΒΒΘΟΤΜ Β ΗΘΓΟ φγΗΚΑΜΟΗβΠΒΗγίΟ φγΠΠγ. Κ npMMepy, 1) aKpMnaMMflHbie nonMMepbi Μοτγτ BCTynaTb b peaKUMio c τθκμμμ BemecTBaMM Kas : anbflerMflbi, HanpMMep: rnMOKcanb, φορΜθΠΒΑΘΓΜΑ, χποροΜ, δροΜΟΜ μ τ.π.; 2) 2-γμαροκομ3τμπ-MeTaKpMnaTHbie nonMMepbi ΜΟΓγτ BCTynaTb β peaKUMto c τακμμμ BemecTBaMM κάκ : 3ΠΜΧΠ0ΡΓΜΑΡΜΗ, mMOKCanb, BOflOpaCTBOpMMbie flMM30flM0HaTbl μ τ.π.; 3) N,N-AMMeTMnaMMH03TMnMeTaKpMnaTHbie nonMMepbi Μοτγτ BCTynaTb b peaKUMto c τ3κμμμ BemecTBaMM Kax: θπμχποργμαρμγ, 6μοχπορμθτμποββιμ 3φΜρ, 1,4-flMxnop6eTyH-2 μ τ.π.; 4) AManKMnaMMHOBbie ποπμμθρμ Μοτγτ pearMpoBaTb c 3ΠΜΧΠ0ΡΓΜΑΡΜΗ0Μ, δΜΟΧΠΟρΜΘΤΜΠΟΒΝΜ θφΜρΟΜ, ΓΠΜΟΚΟΘΠΘΜ, α,α ΑΜΧΠΟρΚΟΜΠΟΠΟΜ Μ Τ.Π. Ητο KacaeTcn Βτοροτο o6cy>KflaeMoro Bbiwe cnoco6a, το yKa3aHHbie peareHTbi ΜΟΓγτ 6biTb no6aBneHbi κ πρμμθηπθμμμ απη ποπυηθημπ ποπμμθρηβιχ nacTMu MOHOMepa nepen μπμ β χοαθ ποπμμθρμθθαμμ c ββθαθημθμ β κοηθηημμ s nonmviep 0yHKi4MOHanbHbix rpynn. B TpeTbeM cnocoāe BHanane μο>κθτ 6biTb nposeaeHa c μοηομθρομ nio6an M3 BbiiueonncaHHbix peaKunii. nocne sēro cf>yHKLļMOHanM3MpoBaHHbiii μοηομθρ ΜΟ>ΚΘΤ 6blTb n0nMMepM30BaH B M3BeCTHblX ycnOBMaX. B ΗβτΒθρτοΜ cnoco6e nonyMeHMfl nonnMepM3yeMbiii μοηομθρ οοαβρχΜΤ μπμ b ηθγο BBOflBT rpynny, cnoco6Hyio κ npeBpaiueHmo b (J)yHKi4MOHanbHyK> rpynny. K npMMepy, BHHMnaueTaT cononnMepM3yiOT c Ν-βμημππμρροπμαομ, aueTaTHbie rpynnbi rnflponn3y»OT b cnnpTOBbie rpynnbi, KOTopbie npespamaiOT b 0yHKUMOHanbHbie rpynnbi peaKui/iew c rnnoKcaneM, 3nnxjioprnflpnHOM μ τ.π. ΑηΘΠΟΓΜΗΗΟ, ΒΜΗΜΠφθρΜ3ΜΜΡ ΜΟ>ΚΘΤ 6blTb Π0ΠΜΜθρΜ30Β3Η Μ 3βΤΘΜ rHdp0nM30BaH, nocne ΗΘΓΟ ΜΟΧΘΤ 6blTb ΒΒΘΑΘΗ Β BblUjeOnMCaHHbie peaKLIMM, ΤΟ >ΚΘ caMoe OTHOcmcn μ κ annuaMMHOBbiM μοηομθρθμ. Β KcDKfloii Μ3 BbiiuenpwBefleHHbix μθτοαμκ nonyHeHHbie nomiMepbi μμθκτγ CKnOHHOCTb Κ CUJMBaHMK). ΠρΜ nOnyHeHMM ΠΟΠΜΜθρΟΒ Ηθ Β ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΜΜ C HaCTOnmMM Μ3θ6ρβΤΘΗΜΘΜ 3Τ0 ΜΟ)ΚΘΤ ΠρΜΒΘΟΤΜ Κ Κ0ΜΠ03Μ14ΜΗΜ, ΗΘΠρΜΜΘΗΜΜωΜ
Arm ηθμθηθηη^χ μθπθμ BcneacTBHe nponcxonnmero ciuMBaHHn.
Kax yKa3aH0 Bbiuie, nonnMepM3ai4nn β očpaTMMoii 3MynbCnn μπμ b MMKpo3MyjibCnn npHBOflMT κ nomiMepaM c pa3MepOM nacTHLļ β MHTepBane 200-4000 A, npeflnoHTHTenbHO 300-2000 A eme 6onee npennoHTMTenbHO 350-1OOOA. noriMMepHbie nacTHUbi HacTonmero μ3ο6ρθτθημα MoryT 6biTb ncnonb30BaHbi B BHJļe pa36aBHeHHblX BOAHblX pacTBopoB, o6pa30BaHHbix HHBepcMeii 3MynbcnPi bo3mo>kho b npncyTCTBmi pa3pyiuaiomero ποβθρχηοοτηο-θκτμβηογο BemecTBa hhm BbiaeneHneM nacTHLļ H3 3Mynbcnti, HanpuMep, OTnapMBaHMeM nrin AOčaeneHMeM 3Mynbcnn κ pacTBopmemo, oca>KAaK)meMy ποπιίμθρ, T3K0My KaK M3onponaHon, cf>nnbTpoBaHneM o6pa30BaBiuerocfi τβθραογο npoAyKTa, BbicyuiHBaHMeM m nOBTOpHbIM AMCneprnpOBaHMeM B BOAe.
KpoMe Bbiuieo6cy>KAaeMbix peaiaiMM Me>KAy MOHOMepaMii, μοπμμθρθμμ, $yHKUMOHanM3MpyiomMMM cpeACTBaMH HM)KecneAyioiAMe napbi μπμ KOM6nHaunn $yHKL4MOHanbHbix rpynn β ποπμμθρθ Moryr npHBecm κ cuimbiM nonMMepaM, m ohm nonapaiOT β ο6^θμ ομοτθμ, βκπιοηθηημχ β oniicaHMe: aMMHbl—SnOKCMAbl, aMHHbi—peaKLļHOHHocnocoČHbie ranonAbi, aMUHbi-anbAerviAbi, aMMHbf-cno>KHbie 3(fclHpbl, aMHHbi-cnnaHbi, aMMHbl-M30l4HaHbl, aMMHbi-ranoMAaHrMApHAbi kmchot, LV 11186 aMUHbi-p-HeHacbimeHHbie KapāoHunbHbie οοθρμηθημβ, rMflpOKCUMeTMn-aMMflbl· ΓΜΟρΟΚΟΜΜΘΤΙΊΠ—aMMHbl, rnflp0Kcnn-M30unaHaTbi. rMiļpOKCHn-CnO>KHbie 3(t>upbl. rnflpoKCMn-anbflerupbi, runpoKcun-anoKcupbi, ruppoKcun-peaKUMOHHOcnocoāHbie ranonflbi, rnflpOKCMn-ranonpaHrnflpnabi kuchot, rnflpoKCMn-cunaHbi, anbpernflbi-aMMflbi, anbnernflbi-Tnonbi, TMOnbl-peaKLļMOHHOCnOCOČHbie ra^OMflbl, TM0nbl-M30UMaHaTbl, TMonbi-ranonnaHrnflpMflbi KucnoT. rionMMepM3aUMfl B MMKp03MynbCMM ΜΓΗΊ 06paTMM0M 3MynbCHM M3BeCTHa cneuna/incTaM. P. Speoser npMBeri b 1976 m 1977 rr. cnocoā nonyHeHna c$epnMecKnx "HaHonacrmj” pnaMeTpoM μθηθθ 800 Ā (1) como6nnM3auneii MOHOMepa, TaKoro κβκ: aKpunaMkifl m MeTnneH6ncaKpnnaMMfl m ppyrne Maiepnanbi, tāme KaK neKapcTBa b Mnuennax m (2) nonnMepn3auneti μοηομθροβ ( cm. J. Pharm. Sa., 65 (12), 1763 (1979) n naTeHT CUJA 4021364). flnfl nonyHeHna TaKnx HaHonacTnu MoryT 6biTb ncnonb30BaHbi Kax cncieMbi eopa b Macne, TaK m cncieMa Macno b βοαθ. Xotb aBTOpOM n ηθ Mcnonb3yeTCfl cneLļnanbHO τβρΜΜΗ ”nonnMepn3aL4MM b MMKp03MynbCMH ?, ΤΘΜ Ηθ ΜβΗθβ OnMCaHHbIM ΟΠΟΟΟδ ΟΤΜΘΜΘΗ BC0MM ΓΐρΜ3Η3Κ3ΜΜ,
Kdopbie b HacToamee BpeMa ncnonb3yiOTCfl pna onpepeneHna nonnMepn3auMM b MHKpo3MynbCMM. YKa3aHHbie pa6oTbi TaioKe «BnafOTca nepBbiMM npuMepaMM nonnMepn3ai4nn aKpunaMupa b MMKpo3Mynbcnn. Ποοπθ 3τογο noaBunncb MHoroHncneHHbie ny6nnKaunM, coo6maiomi/ie o nonnMepn3auMM BOflopacTBopMMbix ποπΜΜΘροΒ b MMKpo3Mynbcnflx c očpameHHeM cf>a3.CM., HanpuMep, naTeHTbi CUJA NN 4521317, 4681912 m naieHT BenMKoāpmaHUH 216149 A, BBOflUMbie b HacToaiiļee onncaHne b Bupe ccbinoK. 06blHHO Cn0C06bl nonHMepM3ai4MM B MMKp03MynbCMM OCyU4GCTBi1HKDT (1) ποπγΗθΗΜΘΜ MHKpo3Mynbcnn MOHOMepa CMeiunBaHMeM BojļHoro pacTBopa μοηομθροβ c ymeBOflopoflHoii >KHflKOCTb(o, coflepx<aiueii cooTBeTCTBytomee ΠΟΒΘρΧΗΟΟΤΗΟ—aKTMBHOe BemeCTBO ΜΠΜ nOBepXHOCTHO-aKTHBHyjO CMeCb, c o6pa30BaHneM očpaTMMOii MMKpo3Mynbcmi, cocTOHineii m He6onbiunx KaneneK BoiļHoro MOHOMepa, flncneprnpoBaHHbix b HenpepbiBHoii MacnflHofi 0a3e, μ (II) lo ΠρΟΒΘΟΘΗΙΊΘΜ CBOČOflHOpaflUKanbHOii nOnHMepM3ai4MH B MHKp03MynbCMH MOHOMepa.
flnn ΠΟΠγΗΘΗΙΊΒ OČpaTMMOii MHKp03MyribCMH OāblHHO Heo6xOflMMO COČniOCTM pflfl oco6bix ycnoBHiži, xapaKTepn3ytomnxcB cneqyK)LUMMM ocHOBHbiMM napaMeipaMu: KOHueHTpauneii ποβθρχηοοτηο-βκτμβηογο BemecTBa, Π'ίρροφΟδΗΟ-ΓΜΠΟφΜΠΒΗΜΜ paBHOBBCHeM (ΓΠΡ) ΠΟΒΘρΧΗΟΟΤΗΟ—3ΚΤΜΒΗ0Γ0 BemecTBa nnn ποβθρχηοοτηο- βκτμβηομ CMecu, TeMnepaiypoii, npuponoti OpraHMHeCKOii φ33Ν M COCTaBOM BOflHOM (IpneiVineMblMM MOHOMepaMM ΒΒΠΗΚ)ΤΟΒ aHMOHHbie, HeilOHHbie M KaTMOHHbie MOHOMepbi, o KOTopbix penb ujna Bbiiue. BopHbiii pacTBop MOHOMepa μο>κθτ copepxaTb nroābie Heo6xopnMbie poOaBKM. HanpuMep, pacTBop μοχθτ cojļepxaTb xenaTo6pa3yK)Lqee cpepcTBO, cBJi3biBaK)iuee MHmāmopbi nonnMepM3auwi, nepeHOCHMKM κΜΗθΤΜΗθοκοίί Lienu, perynflTopbi pH, MHMunaTopbi nonnMepn3aunn m apyrne oēbiHHbie poOaBKM.
Cyi^ecTBeHHbiM pna o6pa30BaHMfl MHKp03MynbCi/in, κοτοργκ) μοχηο oxapaKTepn30BaTb Ka« npo3paHHyto n τθρμορμηθμμηθοκιί ycToiiHMByio 3Mynbcwo, οοοτοβι^υιο H3 flByx HepacTBopnMbix ppyr b qpyre χμρκοοτθμ μ ποΒβρχΗοστΗΟ-aKTMBHoro BemecTBa c ομθμθτρομ mmuenn očbiHHO 1000 A μ ημχθ. αβπλθτο^ πορβορ cooTBeTCTByioiyeM opraHnwecKoii φ83Μ n ποβθρχηοοτηο-3κτμβηογο BemecTBa.
Bbičop opraHUHecKort φa3bι 0Ka3biBaeT 3HaHMTe/ibHoe βπκλημθ Ha MMHMManbHyK3 ΚΟΗ14ΘΗΤρ3Ι41ΊΙΟ ΠΟΒβρΧΗΟΟΤΗΟ-βΚΤΜΒΗΟΓΟ ΒΘΙΡΘΟΤΒΘ, ΗΘΟδΧΟΡΜΜy(0 ΡΠΑ 06pa30BaHHfl MMKp03MynbCMM, M 3Ta φ838 ΜΟΧΘΤ npeflCTaBnflTb COČOH yrneBoqopop μπμ yrneBoqopoqHyK) cMecb. HanOonee ρθκομθηρυθμμμμ qn* nOnyneHHfl ΗθΡΟρΟΓΜΧ COCTaBOB flBrifllOTCfl Κ30Π3ρ3φΚΗ0ΒΒΙΘ yrneBOqopOflbl ΜΠΜ nx CMeCM. OČblHHO OpraHMHeCKafl φ338 ΒΚΓΠ0Η3ΘΤ MMHepanbHOe Macno, τοπγοπ, xnqKoe τοππμβο, KepocnH, nmueHHbiii 3anaxa yaMT-cnnpMT, CMecH nepeHMcneHHbix προαγκτοΒ n τ.π. OTHOiueHne no Macce κοπμηθοτβ bophom φa3bι m yrneBoqopoqHoii φ33Μ nop6npaK)T Kax μοχηο 6onee bucokhm c τθμ, MTočbi nocne nonmviepM3ai4HM nOnyHMTb MMKp03MynbCMK) C BbICOKMM ΰΟΡβρΧΟΗΜβΜ nonMMepa. Ha npaKTMKe 3TO OTHomeHne μοχθτ cocTaBnaTb HHTepBan, Hanpmviep, ot 0,5 qo 3:1, očbNHO npuMepHo 1:1. flrm nonyHeHHfl 3HaHeHMii ΓΠΡ b MHTepBane 8-12 ncnorib3yiOT opho v\m HecKonbKO ποΒθρχΗοοτΗΟ—aKTMBHbix BemecTB. Βηθ yKa3aHHoro MHTepeana očpa30BaHHfl o6paTMMbix MMKp03Mynbcnii, κβκ npaBiino, He pocTviraeTca. Πομμμο cooTBeTCTByiOLuero 3Η3ηθημα ΓΠΡ onTmvianbHoii qon>Kna 6biTb m KOHpeHTpapMFi Π0ΒΘΡΧΗ00ΤΗ0-3ΚΤΜΒΗ0Γ0 BemecTBa, T.e. 6blTb flOCTaTOHHOti flflB 06pa30BaHMfl 11 LV 11186 oāpaTMMOii MMKpo3Mynbcnn. CnmuKOM HM3Kaa KOHueHTpaunfl ποβθρχηοοτηο-aKTMBHoro BemecTBa npneopuT κ o6pa3oeaHMK) o6paTMMbix 3MynbCMii, a cnmuKOM BbicoKaa KOHueHTpai4na yBennHMBaeT 3aipaTbi 6e3 cymecTBeHHoii Bbiropbi. TunMHHblMM ΠΟΒθρΧΗΟΟΤΗΟ—aKTUBHblMU BemeCTBaMM, npMMeHMMbIMM B npaKTMKe HacToamero n3o6peTeHMa, MoryT cny>KMTb aHMOHHbie. KaTMOHHbie μπμ ηθμοηηηθ noBepxHocTHo—aKTMBHbie BemecTBa. PeKOMeHnyeMbie ποβθρχηοοτηο—aKTMBHbie BemecTBa: BKmoHaiOT: MOHOoneaT cop6ma, MOHOoneaT ποπμοκομ3τμπθη(20) cop6ma. flMOKTMncynb0ocyKL|MHaT HaTpua, oneaMUflonponunnuMeTunaMUH, M30CTeapnn-2-naKTaT HaipMa μ τ.π. nonMMepH3aUMB MMKp03MynbCMM ΜΟ>ΚΘΤ 6blTb OCytUeCTBnena M3BeCTHblMM cnei4nanncTy cnocoāaMM. l/lHMUMMpOBaHue nonnMepn3ai4MM μο>κθτ 6biTb Bbi3BaH0 pa3nMHHblMM ΤβρΜΜΗΘΟΚΜΜΜ M OKCM/lMT©nbHO—BOCCTaHOBMTenbHbIMM CBOOOflHO-pafluaKanbHbiMM MHminaTopaMM, b tom ημοπθ πθρθκμοαμμ, τ3κμμμ κζκ τρβτ-6yTnnnepeKMCb, 33οοοθαμηθημαμμ, τβκμμμ Ka« a3o6nc6yTMpoHMTpnn, HeOpraHMHeCKHM ΟΟΘΑΜΗΘΗΜΘΜ T3KMM ΚΆΚ ΠepcyΠbφaT HaTpMfl M OKCMnMTenbHO-BoccīaHOBUTenbHbiMM napaMM, TaKMM xax >Kene3o(ll)aMMOHMiicynb0aT-aMMOHMiinepcynb0aT. nonnMepn3aunn ινιωκβτ ābiTb Tao<e nHHunupoBaHa c noMombio Φοτοχμμμηθοκογο o6nyHeHMH, HanpMMep, c noMombio yπbτpaφnoπeτoBOΓO o6nyHeHMfl nnn c noMoujbio noHM3npyioiuero o6nyHeHMfl c Ko6anbTOM-60 b KanecTBe μοτοηημιο n3nyHeHnn.
OnMCAHME PEKOMEHflYEMblX BAPMAHTOB M30EPETEHMfl
Hn>KecneflyK)inMe npmviepbi MnnK)CTpnpy»OT HacTOfliuee μ3ο6ρθτθημθ, ho mx ηθ cneqyeT paccMaTpMBaīb, xax orpaHMHMBaioinne ero. Oč'beMHVK) BH3K0CTb (OB) 3Mynbcnii onpeaermiOT npw 25±1°C b BHCK03MMeipe Epy^nnna (MOflenb LVT) ripu ckopoctm Bpamemia mnnHaena (#2) 12 o6/mhh.
CiaHnapTHyto BB3K0CTb (CB) onpenenaioT αο63βπθημθμ 50 r 0,2%-ro BOflHoro pacTBOpa nonmviepa n 5,84 r xnopncToro HaTpua, nepeMeiuMBamieM nonyHeHHoii cmbcm 5 MMHyTflo ποπηογο pacTBopeHMfl conn, ycTaHOBneHneM pH 5 m μ3μθρθημθμ βα3κοοτμ npn 25±1°C b BwcK03HMeTpe Epyt^nnfla (Moperib LVT) m UL-nepexoflHMKOM npn 60 o6/mhh.
KaTMOHHbiti SKBUBaneHT (K3KB) onpepenatoT no μθτοομκθ, onncaHHoPi b J. Chem.Ed.,62 (6), 627 (1985). ΠΡ14ΜΕΡ 1 B npHeMflHMblii peaKTOp BHOCBT 96 Γ Μ30Π3ρ3φΜΗ0Β0Γ0 paCTBOpMTenjļ (ΜΊΡ) c τ.κμπ. 207-254°C, 10,61 r Tpnoneaia nonnoKCn^TuneHcopāma (ΤΠΟΟ) n 6,37 r npoqyicra peaKunn pnaTaHonaMUHa c οπθμηοβομ kmchotom (flOK). K np03paMH0My pacTBopy aoāaBnnioT padBOp 28,61 r aKpMnaMMfla (AMfl), 5,05 r fluannunanMeTnn- aMMOHMMxnopnaa (flAflM). 0,017 r flHHaTpneBoii conu 3TnneHflnaMMHTeTpayKcycHoPi KMcnoTbi (3flTK), 0,0034 r NaBrŪ3 M 46,32 r flenmHM3MpOBaHHblii M npM ΠΘρθΜθΐυΜΒ3ΗΜΜ nonynaK)T np03paHHyK) MMKpo3MynbcnK). floāaBneHMeM cepHofi KucnoTbi ycTaHaBnnBaiOT pH 4 b pacTBope M pna CHM)KeHM51 COflep>KaHMfl Kucnopofla B MMKp03MynbCMM flO ypOBHfl ΗΜ)ΚΘ 0,1 η/μπη ee npopyBaioT a30T0M. 3aTeM αππ MHmjMupoBaHua nonnMepM3aunn MMKpo3MynbCMM b ηθθ nponycKaiOT ra30o6pa3Hyio O3. TeMnepaiypy 3Mynbcnn noflqep>KMBaioT npn 25°C po μομθητ3 npeBpameHMfl 96% AML m 40% JļAflM b ΠΟΠΜΜθρ. riOnyHeHHblM np03paHHblii npOflyKT ΜΜΘβΤ 06'beMHytO Bfl3KOCTb 15 cn3, pa3Mep sacTMu οκοπο 420 A m CTaHaapTHyio Bfl3K0CTb 2,9 cn3 (MB 3 x 106) m copep>KaHne TBepaoro κομποηθητ3 17,39%. K 50 nonyHeHHoii MMKpo3MynbCnn poāaBnnioT 5,45 r 40%-ro βοοηογο pacTBOpa rnnoKcann npn pH 4. Ilocne Bbipep>KHBaHMn npn KOMHaTHoii TeMnepaType b τθηθημθ 17 n 31 ρηπ ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΘΗΗΟ 2 nOpLļUM 3MyHbCHM MHBepTMpyK)T ΑΟβθΒΠΘΗΜΘΜ flenoHM3MpoBaHHOM Bopbi n nonyHeHHbie pacTBopbi αοββΒππιοτ κ 6yMa>KHOM nynbnbi npn 0,5 m 1% b nepecneTe Ha cyxoe βοποκηο. Pe3ynbTaTbi 6yMa1Horo ncnbiTaHnn npuBepeHbi b Ta6nnue 1. A6peenaTypbi pa3nMMHbix MaTepnanoe, npMBeaeHHbie b npuMepe 1, b paBHoii οτθπθημ πρμμθημμμ μ αππ nocneay»oiUMX npiiMepoB, TaioKe KaK n npoHi/ie onpeoeneHMn.
TABflklUA 1 BYMA>KHbll?l TECT npuMep 12 1 npepen npOHHOCTM npn pacTJUKeHmi ($yHT/nioiiM, κο3φφΜΐ1ΜθΗΤ nepeBopa b κγ/cm2 = 0,07031) 17 πηθμ 0.5% Macc. 3,1 3,5 31 aeHb 2,9 3,3 17 flHeii 1 % Macc. 4,0 4,1 31 aeHb 4,6 4,7 1
KomponbHbiii o6pa3eu, conep>KaHMe τβθραογο κομποηθητ3 10%, npoaajKHbiii npoayKT AMfl/flAJļM/rnMOKcanb, cKeneTHbiii nonuMep c MoneKynnpHbiM βθοομ LV 11186 10000. M3 npnBeneHHbix b Tačnmje flaHHbix onn npoHHOCTM b mokpom οοοτοπημμ BMflHO, hto Mm<po3MynbCMOHHbiM προαγκτ AMfl/flAflM/rnMOKcanb npupaeT 6onbiuyK) npOMHOCTb B MOKPOM COCTOflHMM ΠΟ CpaBHeHMK) C npMflaiOmMMM npOHHOCTb B MOKpOM COCTOHHMM CpeflCTBaMM, OnMCbIBaeMbIMM H3BeCTHblM ypOBHeM ΤβΧΗΜΚΜ M npencTaBneHHbiMM npona>KHbiM o6pa3qoM AMfl/flAflM/rnMOKcanb. H3 TačnMUbi TatoKe BMflHO, hto AMfl/flAflM/ mMOKcanb coaep>KMT čonbīuee κοπμηθοτβο τβθραογο κομποηθητ3 m ero nonyHaK)T M3 ποπΜΜθροΒ 6onee BbicoKoro MoneKynapHoro Beca. nPMMEPbl 2-6 B npMMepax 2-6 onnoaH pafl MMKp03MyribCM0HHbix κομπο3μαμμ, nonyHeHHbix M3 MMKp03MynbCMM MOHOMepoB, coflep>KaiiļMX AMfl/flAflM (90:10 no Macce), ho pa3nMHHbie κοπμηθοτβ3 rnMOKcana. ΠΡΙ/ΙΜΕΡ 2 flna nonyweHMfl MacnaHoro pacTBOpa b 191,93 r ΜΊΡ pacTBopaiOT 28,74 r TPOC, 6,74 r MOHooneaTa copčMTa (MC) m 0,071 r 6eH30MHM3o6yTMnoBoro scpMpa. OTflenbHO nonyHatoT BOflHbiM pacTBOp 51,34 r AMfl, 5,68 r flAflM, 14.2 r rriMOKcann, 0,028 r SflTK m 89,27 r BOflbi m fločaBneHMeM 0,5 hk> HCI ycTaHaBnMBaiOT pH 3,5. 3aTeM BOflHbiii pacTBop MOHOMepa fločaBnaioT κ MacnnHOMy pacTBopy c nOnyHeHMeM np03paHH0M MMKp03MynbCMM, IIOflOČHOM MMKp03MynbCMM npMMepa 1. rionyHeHHyio MMKpo3MynbCMio npoflyBatOT a30T0M m nonMMepM3auMio μοηομθροβ MHMLļMMpyK)T yO-očnyHeHMeM npM 25°C. [1onMMepM3auMto npoflon>KaiOT οκοπο nonyHaca m b pe3ynbTaie nonyHatOT npo3paHHyfO ycTOMHMByfo MMKpo3MynbCMK>, coflep>Kainy»o rnMOKConMpoBaHHbiM οοποπμμθρ AMfl/flAflM. OčteMHan ΒΠ3κοοπ> MMKp03MynbCMM 1 6 0Π3. ΠΡΙΛΜΕΡ 3 flnn nonyHBHMfl MacnflHoro pacTBOpa b 191,93 r Ι/1ΠΡ pacTBopnioT 28,74 r TIIOC, 6,74 r MC m 0,071 r 6eH30MHM3o6yTMnoBoro scfiMpa. OTflenbHO nonyHatOT BOflHbiii pacTBop 42,58 r AMfl, 4,74 r flAflM, 23,66 r rnMOKcann, 0,028 r 3flTK m 89,27 r BOflbi, b κοτοροΜ fločaBneHMeM 0,5 p. HCI ycTaHaBnMBatOT pH 3,5. 3aieM BOflHbiii pacTBop MOHOMepa npMČaBnatOT κ MacnaHOMy pacTBopy c nonyneHMeM npo3paHHOM MMKpo3MynbCMM, noflOČHOM MMKpo3MynbCMM npMMepa 1. nonyHeHHyto MMKp03MynbCMI0 npOflyBaiOT a30T0M M nOnMMepM3ai4MK) MHML4MMpyiOT TaK. KaK B npMMepe 2. OčteMHan B?i3K0CTb MMKp03MynbCMM γπμοκοθπμροβθηηογο cononMMepa AMfl/flAflM 15 cn3. 14 ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 4 fljia ποπγπθΗΜΑ MacnaHoro pacTBopa b 191,93 r Ι/1ΠΡ pacTBopfliOT 31,51 r TnOC, 3,97 r MC m 0,071 r 6eH30MHH3o6yTnnoBoro acļDMpa. OTflenbHO nonyMaiOT BoqHbii?i pacTBOp 36,5 r AMfl, 4,06 r flAflM, 30.42 r rnMOKcana, 0,028 r 3flTK m 89.27 r BOflbi, b κοτοροΜ fločaBneHMeM 0,5 h. HCI ycTaHaBnnBaiOT pH 3.5. 3aieM BopHbiPi pacTBop MOHOMepa npn6aBnaK)T κ MacnnHOMy pacTBOpy c o6pa30BaHMeM npo3paHHoPi MMKpo3MynbCnn, ποαοΟηομ MMKpo3MynbCMM npMMepa 1. ΠροΒΘΟΘΗΜθΜ nonMMepM3auMM no μθτορμκθ npMMepa 2 nonyHa»OT npo3paHHyio ycT0M4MByio MMKpo3MynbcnK), copep>KainyK) rnMOKcanMpoBaHHbiM cononMMep AMfl/flAflM, C θ6ΐ>βΜΗΟΜ Bfl3K0CTbK> 20 0Π3. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 5 flnn nonyMeHHfl MacnnHoro pacTBopa b 191,93 r ΜΠΡ pacTBopaiOT 31,51 r ΤΠΟΟ, 3,97 r MC m 0,071 r 6eH30MHM3o6yTMnoBoro 30npa. OTflenbHO γοτοββτ BOflHbiM pacTBop 31,94 r AMfl, 3,546 r flAflM, 35,48 r rnMOKcana, 0,028 r 3flTK m
89.27 r BOflbi, b κοτοροΜ αοββΒΠθΗΜΘΜ 0,5 η. HCI ycTaHaBnMBaiOT pH 3,5. 3aTeM BOflHbifi pacTBop MOHOMepa npMSaBnntOT κ MacnaHOMy pacTBopy h nonynaK)T npo3paHHyK) MMKpo3MynbCMio, noflo6Hyto MMKpo3MynbCMM npMMepa 1. nonyMeHHyio MMKpo3MynbCMK) npoayBatoT a30TOM m no ΜβτορΜκβ npMMepa 2 ocymecTBrmioT n00MMepM3aL|MK) C nonyneHMeM np03paHHOM yCTOMHMBOM MMKp03MynbCMM, coqep>KameM rnMOKcanMpoBaHHbiM cononMMep AMfl/flAflM, c očteMHOM B*3K0CTbK) 5 0Π3. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 6 flna nonyneHM?i MacnnHoro pacTBopa b 191,93 r ΜΠΡ pacTBopaiOT 31,51 r TnOC, 3,97 r MC m 0,071 r 6eH30MHM3o6yTMnoBoro scpMpa. OTflenbHO nonynaK)T BOfļHbiM padBOp 28,4 r aKpMnaMMfla, 3,16 r flAflM, 39,44 r rnMOKcana, 0,028 r 3flTK m 89,27 r BOflbi, β κοτοροΜ flOčaBneHMeM 0,5 h. HCI yciaHaBriMBaiOT pH 3,5. 3aieM BOflHbiM pacTBop MOHOMepa npM6aBnn»oT k Macn*HOMy pacTBopy m nonyHatOT npo3paHHyto MMKpo3MynbCMK), noqo6Hyio MMKpo3MynbCMM npMMepa 1. nonyHeHHyK) MMKpo3MynbCMK> npoflyBaiOT a30T0M m nocne npoBepeHMa no ΜβτοηΜΚβ npMMepa 2 nonMMepM3auMM nonyMatOT npo3paHHy»o ycTOMHMByio MMKpo3MynbCM(0, coqep>KamyK) rnMOKcanMpoBaHHbiM cononMMep AMfl/flAflM, c oObeMHOM Bfl3KOCTblO 17,5 0Π3. nPMMEPbl 7-9 B npMMepax 7-9 onMcaH pnfl κομπο3μι4μμ, nony4eHHbix M3 MMKpo3MynbCMM ΜΟΗΟΜθρΟΒ C pa3nMHHblMM OTHOlUeHMflMM AMfl/flAflM, HO npM ΠΟΟΤΟΗΗΗΟΜ LV 11186 KOHMeHTpaqnM rriMOKcanfl b 25% Macc. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ7 flna nonyHeHHfl MacrmHoro pacTBOpa b 95,95 r ΜΠΡ pacTBopaioT 14,56 r TnOC. 3,18 r MC m 0,0354 r 6eH30HHH3o6yTnnoBoro scfinpa. OTpenbHO γοτοββτ BOflHbiii pacTBop 22,7 r AMfl, 5,68 r flAflM, 7,1 r rnnoKcana, 0,014 3flTK n 44.64 r BOflbi, b κοτοροΜ poāaBneHMeM 0,5 h. HCI ycTaHaBnnBaiOT pH 3,5. 3aTeM βορημμ pacTBOp MOHOMepa npMčaBnatOT κ MacnaHOMy pacTBopy n nonynaK)T npo3paHHyio MHKpo3MynbCHK), nojqo6Hy»o MMKp03Mynbcnn npMMepa 1. rionyMeHHyio MHKpo3Mynbcmo npoflyBaiOT a30T0M m nocne npOBepeHMfl nonnMepn3aunM no MeTopuKe npMMepa 2 nonyHaiOT np03paHHyK> ycTOMHHByto MMKpo3MynbCMK>, coflep>KamyK) rnMOKcanMpOBaHHbiM cononMMep AMfl/flAflM. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 8 flna πογρ/ηθημα MacnflHoro pacTBopa b 95,95 r ΜΠΡ pacTBopatOT 15,36 r ΤΠΟΟ, 2,38 r MC m 0,0354 r 6eH30HHM3o6yTMnoBoro 30npa. OTflenbHO nonyHatOT BOflHbiīi pacTBop 19,77 r AMfl, 8,52 r flAflM, 7,1 r rnnoKcana, 0,014 3flTK m 44,64 r BOflbi, b κοτοροΜ ρο63βπθημθμ 0,5 η. HCI ycTaHaBfiMBaK)T pH 3,5. 3aTeM BOflHbiii pacTBop MOHOMepa npnSaBnaiOT κ Macn?iHOMy pacTBopy m nonyHatOT npo3paHHyio MMKpo3Mynbcmo, noflo6Hyio MMKpo3MynbCMM npMMepa 1. nonnMepn3auMKD npoBOfl^T no μθτοομκθ npMMepa 2 m nonynaK)T npo3paHHyio ycTOMHMByio MMKpo3MynbCMK), copep>KamyK) rnMOKcanMpOBaHHbiM cononMMep AMfl/flAflM. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ9 flnn nonyneHMa MacnnHoro pacTBopa b 95,95 r ΜΠΡ pacTBopnioT 16,94 r TnOC, 0.97 r MC m 0,0354 r 6eH30MHM3o6yTMnoBoro 3<ļ>Mpa. OrnenbHO nonynaiOT BOflHbiM pacTBop 14,2 r AMfl, 14,2rflAflM, 7,1 r rriMOKcana, 0,014 3flTK m 44,64 r BOflbi, b κοτοροΜ ροδΒΒΠβΗΜβΜ 0,5 η. HCI ycTaHaBnMBaiOT pH 3,5. 3aieM βοαημμ pacTBop MOHOMepa npMāaBnniOT κ MacnnHOMy pacTBOpy m nonyMaior npo3paHHyio MMKpo3MynbCM(0, noflo6Hy»o MMKpo3MynbCMM npMMepa 1. Ποοπβ npoBepeHMfl no ΜβτορΜκβ npMMepa 2 nonMMepM3ai4MM nonynaK3T npo3paHHyio ycTOMHMBy(0 MMKpo3MynbCMio, copep>Kaiuyio rnMOKcanMpOBaHHbiM cononMMep AMfl/flAflM. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 10 npMMep 10 αβπηθτοη npMMepoM cnocoāa, b κοτοροΜ ρπη MHMUMMpoBaHMH npMMeHBKDT OKMcnMTenbHO—BOCCTaHOBMTenbHyK) napy μ b κοτοροΜ rriMOKcanb flOČaBnaiOT b ποπΜΜβρΜ3θΒ3ΗΗθίί MMKpo3MynbCMM AflM/flAflM. flnn nonyweHMn Macn^Horo pacTBopa b 96 r ΜΠΡ pactBopflioT 12,85 r TnOC m 3,57 r MC. 1( OTaenbHO γοτοβητ βορημμ pacTBop 28,61 r AMfl, 5,05 r flAflM, 0,017 3flTK7, 0,12 r 2.83%-ro pacTBopa čpoMaTa HaTpua m 44,66 r eopbi. b kotopom ao6aBneHneM 1 h. cepHoii KucnoTbi ycTaHaBnnBa»OT pH 4. 3aieM βορημμ pacTBop MOHOMepa npMOaBnatoT κ MacnaNOMy pacTBopy m nonyHafOT npo3panHyio MMKpo3Mynbcmo, nopo6Hyto MMKpo3MynbCMH npMMepa 1. rionyHeHHyio MMKpo3MynbCM»o npopyBaiOT a30T0M m nocne ΗΘΓΟ flnfl MHMUMMpOBaHMfl Π0ΠΜΜβρΜ33ΜΜΜ ΗΘΡΘ3 MMKp03MynbCMK3 πρκ 25°C npo6ynbKMBaiOT ra30o6pa3Hyio SO3. npo6ynbKMBaHne SO3 προαοπχοιοτ po 3aBepiueHMsi nonnMepM3aunn m nonynaioT b pe3ynbTaie npo3paHHyio ycTOMHMByio MHKpo3MynbCnio, copep>KamyK) cononuMep AMfl/flAflM. K 50 r nonyHeHHOM MMKpo3MynbCMM npMāaBnafOT 5,45 r 40%-ro βορηογο pacTBopa rnMOKcana npM pH 4. O6pa30BaBwaflCfl npo3paHHaa MMKpo3MynbCMH copep>KMT rnnoKcannpoBaHHbiii cononMMep AMfl/flAflM. nPMMEPbl 11-14 npMMepbl 11-14 OTHOCHTCfl K CMCTeMaM, B KOTOpblX aKpMnaMMfl HaCTMHHO 3aMeHeH ppyrnM ηθμοηημμ μοηομθρομ (Ν,Ν-pnMeTnnaKpnnaMMflOM (flMA) μπμ Ν-βμημπ—2— nupponMflOHOM (ΒΠ). ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 11 flrm nonyHeHna MacnaHoro pacTBopa b 95,96 r ΜΊΡ pacTBopaiOT 12,44 r ΤΠΟΟ, 5,3 r MC m 0,0354 r 6eH30MHM3o6yTMnoBoro 3<ļ)npa. OpenbHO γοτοβητ BOflHbiPi pacTBop 12, 73 r AMfl, 12,78 r ΒΠ, 2,84 r flAflM, 7,1 r mHOKcarm, 0,014 r 3flTK, 1,42 r HaTpMMaueTaTHoro 6y0epa n 43,07 r eopbi (pH 5,5). 3aTeM BOpHbiM pacTBop MOHOMepa npn6aBnaiOT κ MacrmHOMy pacTBopy m nonyHaiOT npo3paHHyK) MMKpo3Mynbcnto, nopo6Hyto MMKpo3MynbCMM npMMepa 1. nonnMepM3auneii nonyHeHHoii MHKpo3MynbCnn no μθτορμκθ npMMepa 2 nonyna»OT npo3paHHyto yCTOMHMByK) MMKp03MynbCMK), COflep>KaiUyiO ΓΠΜ0Κ03ΠΜρ0Β3ΗΗΜΜ ΤβρΠΟΠΜΜβρ AMfl/Bn/flAflM. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 12 flna nonyHeHMB MacnsiHoro pacTBopa b 95,96 r ΜΠΡ pacTBopaiOT 7,15 r ΤΠΟΟ, 10,59 r MC m 0,0354 r 6eH30MHM3o6yTMnoBoro 3<ļ>Mpa. OTpenbHo nonyHaiOT BOp.Hbm pacTBop 5,68 r AMfl, 19,88 r ΒΠ, 2,84 r flAflM, 7,1 r rnMOKcana, 0,014 r 3flTK, 1,42 r HaTpMMaueTaTHoro 6y$epa m 43,07 r Bopbi (pH 5,5). 3aTeM βορηνμ pacTBop MOHOMepa npMāaBrmioT κ MacnHHOMy pacTBopy m nonyHatoT npo3paHHyio MMKp03MynbCMIO, nOPOČHyK) MMKp03MynbCMM npMMepa 1. ΠθΠΜΜβρΜ33ρΜβΜ no ΜβτορΜκβ npMMepa 2 nonyHaioT np03panHyio ycTOMHMByio MMKp03MynbCMio, LV 11186 conep>KamyK) mnoKca/iMpoBaHHbiPi Tepnom-iMep AMfl/BI"l/flAflM. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 13 flna ποηγπθΗΜΒ MacnaHoro pacTBOpa b 95,46 r ΜΠΡ pacTBopatOT 2.96 r MOHooneaia nonnoKcnaTuneHcopāma (OIIOC), 14,78 r reKcaoneaia nonnoKCH3TnneH- copānTa (mOC) m 0,0354 r 6θη30μημ3ο6υτμποβογο οφκρθ. OTflenbHO nonyMaK)T BOflHbiii padBop 2,56 r AMfl, 23,09 r flMA, 2.84 r flAflM, 7,1 r rnnoKcann, 0,014 r 3flTK, 1,42 r HaTpHMaueiaTHoro 6y0epa m 43,07 r BOflbi (pH 5,5). 3aieM BOūHbiii pacTBop MOHOMepa npn6aBnflioT κ MacnaHOMy pacTBOpy w nonynatOT npo3paHHy(o Mw<po3MynbCM»o, noflOČHyio MW<po3MynbCMM npuMepa 1. nonnMepM3auneM no μθτορμκθ npuMepa 2 nonyHaioT npo3paHHyio ycToiiHHByio MHKpo3Mynbcwo, coflep>KaiuyK) rmiOKcanupOBaHHbiM TepnonMMep AMfl/flMA/flAflM. ΠΡΙ/ΙΜΕΡ 14 flna ποπγΗθΗΜΗ MacnBHoro pacTBopa b 95,96 r ΜΠΡ pacTBOpatOT 17,14 r mOC, 0,6 r MC m 0,0354 r 6eH30MHH3o6yTMnoBoro 30npa. OTflenbHO γοτοβητ BOflHbiti pacTBop 12,78 r AMfl, 12,78 r flMA, 2,84 r flAflM, 7,1 r rnnoKcann, 0,014 r 3flTK, 1,42 r haipnmaueTamorο 6γφβρ3 n 43,07 r BOflbi (pH 5.5). nonnMepn3auneii no μθτοαμκθ npuMepa 2 nonywaioT npo3paHHyio ycTOHHMByio MMKpo3Mynbcmo, coqep>Kainyio TepnonuMep AMfl/flMA/flAflM. nPHMEPbl 15-22 B npnMepax 15-22 onMcano nonyneHMe papa MMKpo3MynbCnPi n CTaHpapTHbix o6paTMMbix 3MynbcnPi c MacTupaiviM pa3/iMHHoro pa3Mepa c uenbīo onpeneneHMB βπμβημβ pa3Mepa nacTma Ha npo3paHHOCTb b mokpom coctobhmh.
Bce npoqyKTbi nonyneHbi mx ncxoflHbix MMKpo3Mynbcnti μοηομθροβ AMfl/flAflM (90:10), b KOTopbie nočaBneHO 25% Macc. (b nepecneTe Ha AMfl/flAflM) rnnOKcana. ΠΡΙ/1ΜΕΡ 15 flna ποπγπθΗΜΗ MacnBHoro pacTBopa b 95,96 r ΜΠΡ pacTBOpatOT 8.63 r TnOC. 2,02 r MC m 0,0354 r 6eH30HHM3o6yrnnoBoro 3φΜρ3. OTflenbHO nonyHaiOT BOflHbiii pacTBop 25,55 r AMfl, 2,84 r flAflM, 7,1 r rnMOKcann, 0,014 r 3flTK, 1,42 r HaTpMii- aueTaTHoro 6γφβρ3 m 43,08 r BOflbi (pH 5,5). 3aTeM βοοηημ pacTBop MOHOMepa npn6aBnBioT κ MacnaHOMy pacTBopy h nonyHaioT npo3paHHyfo MMKpo3Mynbcmo, noqo6Hyio MMKpo3Mynbcnn npuMepa 1. i1onnMepn3ai4neii no Μβτοαιικβ npuMepa 2 nonyna»OT npo3paHHyio ycToiiHMByK) MHKp03Mynbcn»o, coqep>Kamyio mnoKcannpoBaHHbiii cononHMep AMfl/flAflM. Pa3Mep nacTMu nomiMepa npMMepHo 630 Ā.
IS ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 16
Bocnpon3BefleHa MeTOflMKa npMMepa 15 3a μοκπιοηθημθμ τογο, ητο πρΜΜθΗΗίοτ 28,75 r TilOC μ 6,74 r MC. Β pe3ynbTaTe nonyHaK)r rnnoKcanupOBaHHbiii cononMMep AMfl/flAflM c pa3MepOM nacTMu οκοπο 310 A. ΠΡΙ/1ΜΕΡ 17 Πο μθτορμκθ npMMepa 15, ho ncnonb30BaHneM 11,5 r TilOC m 2.7 r MC nonynaioT mnoKcannpoBaHHbiū cononMMep AMfl/flAflM c pa3MepoM nacTMLi οκοπο 360A. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 18 BHOBb ΠΟ ΜΘΤΟΑΜΚΘ npMMepa 15, HO MCn0nb30BaHMeM 14.37 γΤΠΟΟ m 3,37 r MC nonynaioT rnMOKcanMpoBaHHbiM οοποπμμθρ AMfl/flAflM. Pa3Mep nacTMU nonyHeHHoro nonMMepa οκοπο 360 A. Πρμμθρ 19 (cpaBHHTenbHbiM) B 70,71 r cMeiuaHHoro yrneBOflopoflHoro pacTBOpMTenn (CYP) c τ.κμπ. b MHTepBane 370-518°F (188-270°C) pacTBOpflHDT 7,5 rflOK m 1,25 OnoKCononuMepa TMna A/B/A c MB οκοπο 5000, rne A-3BeHbfl coctoht M3 nanbMMTMHOBOM KMcnoTbi m 12-rMppOKCM-CTeapMHOBOM KMcnoTbi (1:5), a B-3BeHbn npepcTaBnaioT ποπμ3τμπθηοκομα (MB 1500) (panee coKpameHHO ΠΓΠ). OTpenbHo nonyMatOT BopHbiM pacTBop 59,2 r AMfl, 6,58 r flAflM, 16,45 r mMOKcanfl, 0,039 r 3flTK, 3,29 r HaTpMiiaueTaTHoro 6y$epa, 0,027 rcynb$aia HaipMB, 0,0822 r 2,2'-a3o6MC (2-aMMHonponaH) poxnoprMflpaTa (ABflH) m 99,42 r Bopbi, β κοτοροΜ poāaBneHMeM 0,5 h, HCI ycTaHaBnMBaioT pH 5,5. 3aTeM BOflHbiM pacTBop MOHOMepa flo6aBnn»OT κ MacnaHOMy pacTBOpy m 3MynbrMpyiOT. O6pa30BaBiiiy»ocB 6eny»o oāpaTMMyio 3MynbCMio npopyBaK)T a30T0M, nocne ηθγο MHMLļMMpyioT npM 25°C ΥΦ-οδπγπβΗΜβΜ. Ποπμμθρμ3314μκ) npopon>KaK)T οκοπο nāca μ nonyHafOT očpaTMMyto 3MynbCMio rnMOKcanMpoBaHHoro cononuMepa AMJļ/flAfļM c o6beMHoii B?i3K0CTb(0 670 cn3. Pa3Mep nacTMU nonMMepa npMMepHO 3260 A. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 20 (cpaBHMTenbHbiMl
B 74,4 r CYP pacTBopeiOT 3,97 r ΠΟΚ, 0,79 r ΠΓΠ m 0,0822 r 6eH30MHM30-6yTMnoBoro scļDMpa. Πο ΜβτορΜΚβ npMMepa 19, ho 6e3 πρΜΜβΗβΗΜπ A5flX nonyHaiOT BopHbiM pacTBop. β κοτοροΜ aočasneHMeM 0,5 h. HCI ycTaHaBnMBaK)T pH 5.5. 3aieM βορημμ pacTBop MOHOMepa npMāaBnntoT κ MacnnHOMy pacTBopy m 3MynbrMpyiOT. 06pa30Baeiuy(Oca 6enyio o6paTMMyio 3MynbCMK> nponyBaioT a30T0M LV 11186 r; n 3aieM MHm4MMpyK)T ΥΦ-ο6πυηθημθμ. nonnMepM3aL|wo npopon^aioT οκοπο naca c ποπγΗθΗΜβΜ o6paTMMoii 3MynbcnM, coaepJKameii rnnoKcanupoBaHHbiii οοποπμμθρ AMJļ/JļAJļM, c o6teMHo£i B33K0CTbKD 193 cn3. Pa3Mep nacTMU 3MynbCMM οκοπο 7820. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ21
Bocnpon3BefleHa μθτορμκθ npmviepa 19, ho c ncnonb30BaHneM βμθοτο A5JļX 3ΚΒΜΒ3ΠΘΗΤΗ0Γ0 ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΒ 6eH30MHM306yTMn0B0r0 3$Mpa. Pa3Mep HaCTMU nonyweHHoro nonMMepa 2090 . F1PHMEP 22
Jļna nonyHeHMfl MacnaHoro pacTBopa b 95,96 r 1/1ΠΡ m 0,0354 r 6θη30μημ30-6yTnnoBoro scpupa pacTBopniOT 15,49 r TilOC n 2,29 r MC. OTpenbHO nonynaioT BOflHbiii pacTBop 18,4 r ĀMJU, 2,05 r JļAfļM, 5,11 r mnoKcana, 0,012 r 3J1TK, 1,02 r HaTpuiiaueTaTHoro 6ycpepa m 53,41 r eopbi, β κοτοροΜ yciaHaBnnBaK)T pH 5,5. 3aieM BOflHbiii pacTBop MOHOMepa πρΜδθΒΠΑίοτ κ MacnaHOMy pacTBopy m nonyHaKDT npo3paHHy(o MMKpo3Mynbcmo. nonyMeHHyio MMKpo3Mynbcwo npoayBaiOT a30T0M M MHMUnnpyiOT npn 25°C yct>-o6nyHeHMeM. nonnMepM3aumo προροπχοιοτ οκοπο nonynaca c nonyneHneM npo3paHHoii ycToiiHMBOM MHKpo3MynbCMM c οδι>θΜΗθίί BB3K0CTbK) 30 cn3. Pa3Mep nacTnu rnnoKcannpoBaHHoro cononMMepa AMJļ/JļAJļM 550 . ΠΡ14ΜΕΡ 23 (cpaBHUTenbHbiMl Jļna nonyMeHMfl MacnaHoro pacTBopa b 96 r ΜΠΡ pacTBopniOT 52,59 r ΤΠΟΟ m 31,56 r JļOK. OTflenbHO nonywaiOT BOflHbiīi pacTBop 28,61 r AMJļ, 5,05 r JļAJļM. 0,017 r 3J1TK, 0,0034 r AEflX n 46,32 r BOflbi. BonHbiii pacTBop MOHOMepa npučaBnaioT κ MacnaHOMy pacTBopy m nonynaiOT np03paHHyto MMKp03Mynbcmo. KOTOpyKD nponyBa»OT a30T0M m MHMļMnpyK)T npn 25°C ΥΦ—o6nyHeHMeM. nonnMepM3auneii οκοπο 2-x nacoB nonyHatOT npo3paMHyjo ycTOMHMByio MMKpo3MynbCMK), copep>Kaiuyio cononMMep AMfl/flAJļM, c očbeMHoii BH3K0CTbK) 213 cn3 n pa3MepoM nacTMU nonuMepa 220 . ΠΡ14ΜΕΡ 24
Jļnn nonyHeHM3 MacnaHoro pacTBopa b 95,96 r CYP pacTBopaiOT 71.73 r TilOC, 16,86 r MC m 0,0354 r 6eH30MHM3o6yTnnoBoro 3$npa. OTpenbHo nonyMatoi BOflHbiii pacTBop 25,55 r AMJļ, 2,84 r JļAJļM, 7.1 r rnnoKcann, 0,014 r 3J1TK, 1,42 HaTpniiai4eTaTHoro 6ycJ)epa m 43,08 r BOflbi, β κοτοροΜ flo6aBnew/ieM 0,5 h. HCI 2ιι ycT3H3iBnnBatOT ρΗ 5.5. 3βτβΜ BopHbiii pacTBop MOHOMepa npn6aBnji>OT κ MacrmHOMy pacTBopy n nonyHa»OT npo3panHyk3 MMKp03Myribcmo. KOTopyK) o6pa6aibiBaioT no MeiopuKe npuMepa 15 c nonyHeHneM mnoKcannpoBaHHoro cononuMepa AMfl/flA/HM c očbeMHoii BB3KOCTbK) 105 cn3 n pa3MepoM nacTup nonMMepa οκοπο 300 . ΠΡΜΜΕΡΝ 25-44 flrm onpepeneHna cnocočHOCTM κομπο3μμμμ μ3ο6ρθτθημα npunasaTb 6yMare npoHHOCTb b μοκρομ coctohhmm προργκτΗ npuMepoe 2-6 (Tačnmja 2, pa3nMHHbie KOHueHTpaunu mnoKca/ifl), npuMepoB 7 m 10 (TaSnmja 3, noBbiuieHHoe copepaoHue flAflM, μημριιμροβθημθ oKMcnmenbHo-BoccaHOBmenbHofi napoii m nocnepyiomee po6aBneHiie rnnoKcanfi), npuMepoe 11 n 13 (Tačnmia 4, TepnonMMepbi AMfl/BLļ/flAflM m AMfl/flMA/flAflM) n πρΜΜθροΒ 15-24 n 1 (Tačnnua 5. βπμηημθ pa3Mepa nacTMLi nonMMepa Ha npoHHOCTb) ncnonb3yK)T pna ποπγΗβΗΜπ προΜΗοίί b μοκρομ cocTOflHMM 6yMarn, pnn κοτοροίί οδρβρβπηιοτ κοηθηημθ CBOMCTBa. Ημ>ΚΘ ΠΡΜΒΘΡΘΗ ΟΠΟΟΟβ ΠΟΠγΗβΗΜΑ ΠρΟΜΗΟΜ Β ΜΟΚρΟΜ COCTOflHMM 6yMam.
Κ ΒΟΡΗΟίί 14ΘΠΠ»0Π03Θ C ΚΟΗΟΜΟΤΘΗΜΜθΡί 0,6% Μ ρΗ 6,5, ΟΟΟΤΟΠίρβίί Μ3 ΟΤδβΠβΗΗΜΧ AcTpaLienb/Anb6auenbHbix (οτΗΟΐυβΗΜθ μηγκμχ πορορ κ TBeppbiM nopopaM 50:50 no Macce) βοποκοη prm πρμγοτοβπθημα Kpa$T-6yMarn, pa3MenbHeHHbix po οτθπθημ noMona no KaHapcKOMy cTaHpapTy npuMepHO 500 μπ, poSaBnatoT pacTBop KaTUOHHOM CMOribl (Β ΟΡΗΟΜ M3 ΠρΜΜθρΟΒ Β ΒΜΡΘ 0,1%-θίί pa36HTOM 3MynbCMM) C nonyHeHneM 0,5%-ro rnnoKcanupoBaHHoro nonuMepa b nepecneTe Ha cyxy»o Maccy βοποκοη. 3HaMeHne pH I4enntono3bi BoccTaHaBnHBaioT npM 6,5, nocne nero ηθροπγο nepeMeujMBaioT pna a6cop6unn nonuMepa βοποκηβμμ. Βοποκηο φορΜγιοτ β οτπμβοηηομ MaujHHe Hauia β Bopocopep>Kau4ee ποποτηο c 6a30B0ii Maccoii 50 φγΗτοΒ (22.7 κγ) (dona 25” χ 407500). Ποποτηο οτχΜΜβιοτ Μβχρy BnMTbiBatomHMH sneMeHTaMH h cyujaT 1 ΜΜΗγτγ Ha BpaiuaiomeMca načopaiopHOM 6apa6aHHOM cyujMTene c τβΜπβρβτγροίί 6apa6aHa 240°F (116°C).
HenocpepcTBeHHyio npoHHOCTb β μοκρομ οοοτοπημιι ποπυηθηηομ 6yMarn onpepenatOT nocne npoMbiBaHMfl o6enx ctopoh 6yMarn c meTKoii npw 20°C m pH 7. flaHHbie no npoHHOCTH β μοκρομ cocioahhm npuBepeHbi b Ta6nnqax 2-5 h Bbipax<eHbi b BHpe npopeHTa peficTBHn pa3nnHHbix yKa3aHHbix b npnMepax nonMMepoB no cpaBHeHmo c npopa>KHbiM rnnoKcannpoBaHHbiM Ha 25% nonMMepOM AMfl/HAflM (90:10). LV 11186 :ι ΤΑΕΠΙΛϋΑ 2 npUMep ΠθΠΜΜβρ npHMepa fleiicTBHe Ha HenocpeflCTBeHHyto npoHHOCTb B MOKpOM C0CT03HHH ΠΟ cpaBHeHHio c npopa>KHbiM npoayKTOM. % %. TnHOKcana (a) AMfl/flAMfl 25 2 118 25 90/10 26 3 120 50 II 27 4 124 75 ?» 28 5 126 100 II 29 6 124 125 11 (a) % b nepecneTe Ha 3arpy3Ky μοηομθροβ AMfl/flAflH TAEJ1HUA 3 ilpHMep Πο/iHMep npHMepa fleiicTBHe Ha HenocpeflCTBeHHyio npoHHOCTb B MOKpOM COCTOflHHM ΠΟ cpaBHeHHK) c npoqa>KHbiM npopyKTOM, % O/ /o, rriHOKcarm (a) AMfl/flAflM 30 7 106 25 80/20 31 10 106 25 85/15
IlpMBeneHHbie β Tačnmie 2 pe3ynbTaTbi noi<a3biBaioT, hto mnoKcanb μο>κθτ npnMeHflTbc?i b pa3JiMHHbix KOHueHTpaLļHHX c yKa3aHneM 6naronpn?m-ioro neMCTBun Ha HenocpepcTBeHHO nonynaeMbie nonmviepbi b cpaBHeHnn c n3BecTHbiM ypoBHeM TexHHKM. V\3 Taānuubi 3 bhaho, hto npenMymecTBa HacToaiuero n3o6peTeHna pocTuraiOT npn pa3nMHHbix οτΗοιυΘΗΜΑΧ AMfl/flAflM (80:20 no Macce b npuMepe 30, 85:15 no Macce b npuMepe 31 m 90:10 no Macce b npuMepe 25 H3 Ta6nw4bi 2). LV 11186
npuMep llpuMep Βπμηημθ Ha ripoHHocTb % fnnoKcaaa (a) AMfl/flAM/flAflM 0 > vo >x i °i & 3 o ? >s Ξ o o g-o Έ S O -α o s 3 _ g 5 i x B s λ i 5 | 2.0 g Q.g_C 0-0. Ē V O c O XΈ
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o o o ^00Soroo*-cvinTt COCOCOCOCOCn-^-rTrtTrTT - cpaBHUTenbHbin - TpaHCMMccnoHHafl aneKTpoHHaa MUKpocKonna Ο Ό LV 11186
TačnMua 4 nnnK)CTpnpyeT μ3ο6ρθτθημη c tohkm 3peHMfl πρΜΜβΗβΗΜΒ BTOporo ηθμοηηογο MOHOMepa (Ν,Ν-flMMeTMnaKpMnaMMna μ βμημππμρροπμαοηθ) κροΜθ aKpunaMuna. KaK bcho βμπηο m3 nonyMeHHbix pe3ynbTaT0B, HenocpeflCTBeHHafl nponnocrb b mokpom οοοτοβημμ ynyHiuaeTcn, ho c ΠΟΗΜ>ΚβΗΜβΜ npOMHOCTM B CyXOM COCTOBHMM 3a ΟΗβΤ pOCTa ΟΤΗΟΙΙΙβΗΜΒ npOHHOCTM b MOKpoM/cyxoM cocto3hmm. Ta6nMqa 5 nnntocipnpyeT βπμβημθ pa3Mepa nacTMU Ha onTMMM3aumo neMCTBnn npoqyKTa. Κομπο3μι4μμ npiiMepoB 34-37, 40, 41 m 44 siCHo yKa3biBa»0T Ha ynyHiueHMe pe3ynbTaT0B, Bbipax<aioineecy? b ποβηιιιθημμ Ha 9-32% ana 3ΤΜΧ Κ0ΜΠ03ΜΙ4ΜΜ fleMCTBMB Ha npOHHOCTb B MOKpOM COCTOflHMM ΠΟ CpaBHeHMK) C npona>KHblMH Κ0ΜΠ03Μ11ΜΒΜΜ ΤΟΓΟ xe 6a30B0r0 COCTaea npM ΤΘΧ )ΚΘ KOHi4eHTpaunyix. flPHMEP 45
Mcnonb3yK)T MeTOflMKy npMMepa 1, ho 5e3 noāaBneHnn b CMecb μοηομθροβ flAflM. nonyHeHa κομπο3μι4Μα, cocionman M3 MMKpoHacTvm ciumoro mMOKcannpo-BaHHoro roMononHMepHoro aKpMnaMMna, aHanorMHHaa κομπο3κμμμ npMMepa 1. flPHMEPbl 46-48
BocnpoM3BejqeHa MeTOflMKa npMMepa 1, ho c Mcnonb30BaHMeM βμθοτο aKpMnaMMna b KanecTBe MOHOMepa: 46) MeTaicpMnaMMaa, 47) N-MeTMnaKpMnaMMfla m 48) N-MeTMnMeTaKpMnaMMfla. AHanorMHHO npMMepy 1 oāpa3yiOTCH MMKpOHaCTMUbl ΓΠΜΟΚ03ΠΜρθΒ3ΗΗΒΙΧ KaTMOHHblX aKpMnaMMflHblX ΟΟΠΟΠΜΜβρΟΒ. nPUMEPbl 49-51
BocnpoM3BepeHa MeTOflMKa npMMepa 1, ho c Mcnonb30BaHMeM βμθοτο flAJļM: 49) ΜΘΤ3ΚρΜΠΟΚΟΜ3ΤΜΠΤρΜΜΘΤΜΠ3ΜΜΟΗΜΜΧΠθρΜ113, 50) MeiaKpMnaMMflonponMn- TpMMeTMnaMMOHMMxnopMfla m 51) aKpMnoKCM3TMriTpMMeTMnaMMOHMMxnopMfla. rionyHeHbi aHanorMHHbie pe3ynbTaTbi. I1PHMEP 52
ΠοπνΗΘΗΜΘ MMKP03MVnbCMM 100 r BonHoro pacTBopa (pH = 3,5), conepacamero 42,3 aKpMnaMMna m 0,02 r 2-rMflP0KCM3TMn3TMneHnHaMMH0TpMyKCyCH0M KMCnOTbl, nepeKaHMBafOT CO CKOpOCTb 4,4 μπ/μμη b 150 r opraHMHecKoro pacTBopa, cocTomnero M3 128,5 r M3onapacfiMHOBoro pacTBopMTenn (ΜΊΡ) c TeMnepaTypoM κμπθημβ 207-254°C, 21,9 r rexc neaTa nonMOKCM3TMneHCop6MTa (ITIOC) m 7,8 r cecKBMoneaia copāMTa (CC). B pe3ynbTaie nonynaiOT npo3pawHyio MMKpo3MynbCMK) MOHOMepa. 24 K coaep>Kameii μοηομθρ MMKpo3Mynbcww, npeflBapMTenbHO προηγτοΐί b ΤΘΗΘΗΜΘ 40 MMHyT a30T0M, Αθ63ΒΠΒΚ3Τ 0,0424 Γ 2,2'-a306MC-4-MeT0KCM-2.4-qnMeTnnBanepOHmpnna β2μπ 3TnnaueiaTa. no/iMMepn3aL»M»o nposopsiT npn 30"C. nonyHGHHbiM ηροαγκτ npeflCTaBrmeT coooii npo3paHHyro ycTOMHMByto MMKp09MynbCM(o nonnaKpnnaMHfla (ΠΑΜ) c CB 3,8 cn3. ilonvMeHne N.N-nnMeTMnaMHH03TaHona (ŪMAM) flMAM nonyHaiOT μθοπθηηημ npnāaBneHneM 7,7 r 95%-ro π3ρ3φορΜ3ΠΒαθΓΜΑ3 b κοπδγ Ha 100 μπ, coflep>Kamy»o 27,5 r 55%-ro βοαηογο pacTBopa flMMeTMnaMMHa m 6,6 r flenoHM3npoBaHHoPi BOflbi, noflflep>KWBaa TeMnepaiypy 3K30TepMMMecK0M peaKUMM ημχθ 45°C. OnnbTpoBaHneM nonyseHHoro pacTBopa flMAM nonyMaiOT npo3paHHbiii pacTBop, conep>KatUMii 53,2 r TBepmoro flMAM. ΠΟΠνΗΘΗΜΘ MMKp03MynbCHM ΠΑΜ MaHHHxa B npneMneMbiM ρββκτορ noMematOT 30 r BbiiuenpuBefleHHoii MMKpo3Mynbcnn ΠΑΜ m HarpeBaiOT flo 30CC. 3aTeM κ MMKpo3MynbCMM ΠΑΜ npw6aBnaiOT co CKOpOCTbKD 0,08 ΜΠ/ΜΜΗ M OCTOPOJKHOM nepeMeiUMBaHMM 10 Γ BblLUeonMCaHHOrO pacTBopa flMAM. ΠοπγΗθΗΗγιο MMKpo3Mynbcmo ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa xpaHBT ripu KOMHaTHoii TeMnepaType qo μομθητ3 ncnonb30BaHna. Hepe3 24 naca 3HaMeHne K3KB nonviMepa 5,75 mskb/γ m ero CB 2,5 cn3.
HcnbīTaHue Ha οβο6οπηοθ μοτθμθηι^θ 3$$eKTMBH0CTb 06e3BO>KHBaHMB ΤΜΠΜΗΗΟΓΟ OCaflKa ropOflCKMX CTOHHblX BOfl onpeflenaioT cneqytoiunM o6pa30M. B cocyflbi c 3aBHHMMBaioinMMMCfl KpbiumaMM TmaTenbHO οτβθιιιμβ3Κ3τ 200 r ocaflKa. BoflHbie pacTBopbi ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa b KasecTBe φηοκκγπΒΗΤΟΒ nonysaioT qo6aBneHneM MMKpo3Mynbcmi (μπμ, b cpaBHme/ibHOM npuMepe, pacTBopa npoqa>KHoro ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa) κ βοαθ qo KOHueHTpaunu nonuMepa 0,2% Macc. K o5pa3uaM ocaflKa floOaBnaioT pa3rwHHbie fl03npoBKM pacTBopa nonuMepa, fločaBnjuoT Bomy no ποπηομ Maccbi b 250 r, CMecu nepeMeiuMBaiOT 90 ceKyHfl, o6pa30BaBiuneca xnonbfl ocaflKa nepeHocaT b ΒοροΗκγ 5ioxHepa, nMeiomyK) φΜ^τργωίΜγκ) TKaHb m CBoāoflHoe μοτθηθημθ onpeflenaiOT M3MepeHneM o6T>eMa φΐ/inbpaTa, co6paHHoro 3a 10 ceKyHfl. rionyHeHHbie pe3ynbTaTbi npMBefleHbi b HM>KecneflyK)meM Ta6nnqe 6. 25 LV 11186 TAEJ1ML4A 6 ΠΑΜ MaHHHxa npuMepa fl03MpOBKa(μπ) ΦΜ/ibTpaT (μπ) 52 10 100 12,5 152 15 158 17,5 160 20 140 52C 10 60 12,5 120 15 140 17,5 160 20 140 C - npona>KHbiii προαγκτ TA5J1ML4A 7 MHKp03Mynb-CMfl ΠΑΜ mOC (r) CC(r) Pa3Mep nacTMU (A)a CB (cn3) npmvtep 55 18,72 6,66 590 3.7 ΠρΜΜΘρ 56 15.60 5,55 710 3.5 flpnMep 57 12.48 4,44 960 3.6 a - onpepeneH c noMombio θπθκτροηηομ μμκροοκογμμ CB - cTaHnapTHafl Bfl3K0CTb M3 npMBeaeHHbix b Ta6nnue 6 qaHHbix ομθβμαηο, hto MMKp03MyribCMfl ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa npMMepa 52 o6naqaeT nymunM αθμοτβμθμ no cpaBHeHmo c τμπμηηημ npoqa)KHbiM pacTBOpoM ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa. ΠΡΙ/IMEPbl 53-58 B npMMepax 53-58 onncaHO ποπυηθημθ MMKp03Mynbcnii ΠΑΜ. KOTopbie npuMeHBKDTflna npnroTOBneHMB pjļqa Mw<po3Mynbcnti ΠΑΜ MaHHiixa. ΠΡ1/ΙΜΕΡ 53 Πριι nepeMeiuMBaHMM κ 150 r opraHunecKoro pacTBopa, coqep>Kaiqero 128.5 r Ι/ΙΠΡ, 21,9 r mOC m 7,8 r CC, μθαπθηηο πρμ63βπβιοτ 100 r βοαηογο pacTBopa (pH 3,5), coqep>xamero 42,3 r aKpnnaMMqa m 0,02 r N-(2-
rnqpoKCM3Tnn)3TnneHTpnaMHHO-TpnyKcycHoii KucnoTbi, n nonyMeHHyto np03paHHyKD 26 MHKpo3Mynbcmo MOHOMepa npoqyBaioT 40 MMHyT a30T0M. 3aTeM npn6aBnaiOT 0.0424 r. 2'-a3o6nc-4-MeTOKCM-2.4-flMMeTnnBanepoHMTpnna β2μπ STnaueTaTa u MMKpo3MynbCMK) nonnMepM3yK)T ripu 30°C. nonyMeHHbiii npoqyKT npeqcTaBnaeT co6om npo3paHHyio ycTOMHMByio MMKpo3Mynbcmo ΠΑΜ co CTaHflapTHoii BB3KOCTbto (CB) 3.8 cn3 m cpepHMM pa3MepOM HacTmj 650 (cpeqHne 3Η8ηθημβ nonyHeHbi c nOMOUļblO TpaHCMUCCMOHHOii 3ΠβΚΤρ0ΗΗ0Μ ΟΠΘΚΤρΟΟΚΟΠΜΙΐ). ΠΡ1/1ΜΕΡ 54 Πο μθτοομκθ npuMepa 53 nonyHeHa MHKpo3Mynbcna nonnaKpnnaMMqa c CB 3,7 cn3. ΠΡ1/1ΜΕΡ 55 flna nonyHeHna MMKpo3Mynbcnii ΠΑΜ ncnonb3y»OT b npnMepax 55-57 MeTOflHKy npmviepa 53 3a μοκπκ>ηθημθμ τογο, ητο μθηαιοτ κοπμμθοτβ3 3MynbraT0pa (cm. HH>KecneflytomyK3 Ta6nnuy) c ueribio M3MeHmb pa3Mep sacrmi b ΚΟΗΘΗΗΟΜ MHKp03MynbCHH ΠΑΜ. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 58 ΠρΜΜβρ 58 nnn(0CTpnpyeT nonyHeHMe MMKpo3MynbCMM ΠΑΜ b pa3nMMHbix 3Mynbrnpytoinnx cncTeMax. ripu nepeMeujMBaHMM κ 145 r oprai-MHecKoro pacTBopa, coqepx<ainerO 120 r ΜΠΡ, 14,82 r ΠΊΘΟ m 11,12 r npoqyicra peaKUMM flMSTaHonaMMHa c οπθμηοβομ KucnoToii (flOK), μθοπθηηο npn6aBnatOT 100 r BOflHoro pacTBopa (pH 3,5), coqep>Kamero 42,3 r aKpnnaMnqa m 0,02 r N-(2-rnnpoKCM3TMn)3TMneHflnaMMHO-TpnyKcycHOM KucnoTbi. nonyHeHHyK> npo3paHHy»o MMKpo3Mynbcnto 40 MMHyT npoqyBa»OT a30T0M, 3aTeM qo6aBriflK)T 0,0423 r 2,2'-a3o6nc-4-MeTOKCM-2,4-MeTOKCM-2,4-flMMeTnnBariepOHMTpMna m Mw<po3Mynbcwo nonnMepn3y»OT npn 30°C. nonyHeHHbiii npoayKT npeqcTaBnaeT co6om npo3paHHyio ycToiiHMByio MMKpo3Myribcwo ΠΑΜ co CTaHqapTHoii BB3KOCTbio (CB) 3,1 cn3. ΠΡ14ΜΕΡ 59 B npuMepe 59 onncaHO nony4eHne aqqyKTOB qnMeTMnaMMHa/$opManbqernqa (J1MA/CH20), πρμμθηβθμηχ qrm πρμγοτοβπθημβ MMKp03Mynbcnii ΠΑΜ npuMepoB 53, 54, 57 m 58. A. B peaKUMOHHbiii cocyq, coqepx<aiUMii 26,3 r 55%-ro BoqHoro pacTBopa qnMeTnnaMMHa, MeqneHHO npn6aBrmK>T 10,08 r 95%-ro napacfiopMa, noqqep>KMBaH TeMnepaTypy 3K30TepMMHecK0M peaKunn ΗΜ>κβ 45°C. ct>nnbTpoBaHneM nonyHeHHoro npoqyKTa nonyHaroT np03paHHbiM pacTBop. 27 LV 11186 B. K 30 r pacTBOpa, ποπυηθηηογο b npuMepe 59A, ripu nepeMeujMBaHMM nočasnatOT 3.05 r 100%-ro pMMeTM/iaMMHa, c μ3μθηθημθμ οτηοιιιθημη J1MA/CH20 οτ 1:1 po 1.25:1. nPUMEPbl 60-66 Β npw\/iepax 60-66 onncaHO ποπγΗβΗΜθ MMKp03MynbCMM ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa npM pa3HMHHbJX KOnMHeCTBaX 3aMeil4eHMJļ ρΜΜβΤΜΠ3ΜΜΗ0ΜβΤΜΠ0Μ Ha OCHOBe MW<po3MynbCMM ΠΑΜ npmviepoB 53, 54, 57 m appyKTOB flMA/Ch^O npMMepa 59B. B peaKLiiioHHbiii cocyp npn κομη3τηομ TeMnepaType noMemaiOT 30 r mmkpo-3MynbCMM ΠΑΜ npMMepa 53 μ κ Heii μθππθηηο npn nepeMeujMBaHMM npM6aBnflK>T 11 r appyicra flMA/CH20 npMMepa 59B c nonyHeHMeM b pe3ynbTaie npcopanHOM MMKpo3MynbCMM ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa. CnycTH npMMepHO 24 naca MMKpo3MynbCMK) MHBepTMpyioT b Bopy c nonyMeHMeM ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa, MMeiomero CB 3,9 cn3 μ K3KB 6,2 μ3κβ/γ. Ta x<e MeTOflMKa Mcnonb30BaHa pna nonyHeHMsi MMKpo3MynbCMM ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa npMMepoB 61-66, οτπμηβιοιρμχοα ppyr OTppyra TonbKO κοπμηθοτβ3ΜΜ 3arpyx<aeMbix appyicra flMA/Ch^O m MMKpo3MynbCMM ΠΑΜ (cm. Ta6nMpy 8). ΤΑΒΠΜϋΑ 8 npMMep AppyKT flMA/CH20(r) MMKp03MynbCMfl ΠΑΜ npMMepa N Κ3ΚΒ (Μ3ΚΒ/Γ) CB (cn3) 60 11,0 Πρ. 53 6,2 3,9 61 6,6 Πρ.53 3,5 4,8 62 4,4 Πρ.53 3,3 4,6 63 2,2 Πρ.53 - 4,1 64 1,1 Πρ.54 - 2,7 65 1,5 Πρ.54 - 1,7 66 11,0 Πρ.54 - 4,1 ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 67 ΠρΜΜΘρ 67 ABnaeTCfl ποβτορθημθμ npMMepa 59A 3a MCKntoneHMeM τογο, HTO flnfl ΠΟΗΜ>ΚβΗΜ51 KOHUeHTpaUMM appyKTa np03paHHblM paCTBOp HeCKOHbKO pa36aBnaioT. B cocyp, copepx<aiiļMM 57,78 r 55%-ro βορηογο pacTBopa pMMeTMnaMMHa, MepneHHO npM6aBnetoT 22,3 r 95%-ro napacpopMa, nopqep>KMBafl TeMnepaiypy 3K30TepMMHecxoM peaKLļMM ΗΜ>κβ 45°C. OMnbTpOBaHMeM nonyHeHHoro npopyKTa nonynaK3T npo3panHbiM pacTBOp, κ KOTOpOMy 3aieM po6aBrmK>T 12,3 r ρβΜ0ΗΜ3Μρ0Β3ΗΗ0Μ BOflbl. 28 nPUMEPbl 68-70 B npMMepax 68-70 onncaho nonyHeHne Mw<po3MynbCMM ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa m MMKpo3Mynbcnii ΠΑΜ npHMepoB 53, 57, 58 n aflflyKTa flMA/CHpO (1:1). ΠΡ1/ΙΜΕΡ 68 B cocya npM KOMHaTHOii TeMnepaType noMemaioT 30 r MHKpo3Mynbcnn ΠΑΜ npmviepa 53 μ κ Hei* μθαπθηηο npn nepeMeuMBaHMM npn6aBnjļtOT 10 r apqyKTa J1MA/CH20 npmviepa 16 c πογ^ηθημθμ MMKpo3Mynbcnn ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa. CnycT* npuMepHO 24 naca Mm<po3Mynbcmo MHBep™pyiOT b Bopy n nonyHaiOT pacTBop ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa c CB 3,7 cn3 n K3KB 5,6 μ3κβ/γ. HfleHTMHHafl MeiopuKa ncnonb30BaHa nna nonyHeHMii MHKpo3MyribCHM ΠΑΜ MaHHiixa npmviepoB 69-70, npnBeneHHbix b Ta6nnue 9, ho c ncnonb30BaHneM pa3nMHHbix MHKpo3Mynbcnn ΠΑΜ. TABJIMUA 9 npHMep AflflyKT flMA/CHpO(r) npHMep K3KB (mskb/γ) CB (cn3) 69 10 Πρ.58 5,1 2,4 70 10 Πρ.57 5,4 3,3 flPHMEP 71 B npmviepe 71 onncaHO nonyHeHMe MMKpo3MynbCnn c πρμμθηθημθμ OKMcnMTenbHO—BoccTaHOBMTenbHoū napbi. K 149,64 r opraHimecKoro pacTBopa, BK/iKmioiuero 128,5 r ΜΠΡ, 21,9 r rnOC h 7,8 r CC, MenneHHO npn6aBnfliOT 100 r βοοηογο pacTBopa (pH 3), conepaomero 42,3 r aKpMnaMMfla, 0,00428 r āpoMaia HaipHn m 0,02 r N-(2-rmapoKCH3Tnn) 3TnneHflMaMMH-TpnyKcycHoii KMcnoTbi c nepeMeujMBaHMeM. nonyHeHHy»o npo3pa4Hyto Mw<po3Mynbcmo MOHOMepa npoayBaK)T 40 MMHyT a30T0M, nocne μθγο b Mm<po3Mynbcmo npo6ynbKMBaioT ra30o6pa3Hyio SO3 ripu TeMnepaType nonMMepn3aLimi 25°C. nonyHeHHbiii npojqyKT npeflCTaBnaeT co6oii npo3paMHyto ycroiiHMByK) MMKpo3Myribcmo ΠΑΜ c CB 2,1 cn3. flPMMEPbl 72-73 npMMepbi 72 m 73 nnntocTpnpyioT nony4eHne aimyKTa μορΦοπμη/ 0opManbAernn μ ΠΑΜ MaHHHxa, CMHTe3npoBaHHbiii πρκ ncnonb30BaHMn 3τογο annyKTa. 29 LV 11186 ΠΡΙ/1ΜΕΡ 72 B peaKUMOHHbiM cocyn, coqep>KaiHMM 27,84 r ΜορφοπΜΗ3 m 15,45 r Bopbi, μθαπθηηο npn6aBnatoT 10,08 r95%-ro napac{)opMa, noflqep>KMBaa TeMnepaTypy 3K30TepMMHecK0ki peaKLļMM ηιόκθ 45’C. d>nnbTpoBaHneM nonyHeHHoro npopyKTa nonynaK)T npo3paMHbiū pacTBop. ΠΡΙ/ΙΜΕΡ 73 B cocyq npn κομηβτηομ τβΜΠθρβτγρβ noMematoT 30 r MHKp03Mynbcnn npuMepa 53 μ k ηθμ npn πθρθμθιιιμβθημμ μθηπθηηο npiičaBnajoT 11,8 r apflyKTa μορΦοπμη/ΟΗ20 npuMepa 72 c πογψηθημθμ npo3paHHoti MHKpo3Mynbcnn ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa. CnycT« npMMepHO 17 flHeii MMKpo3Mynbcmo MHBepTMpyKDT b Bony m nonywaiOT pacTBop ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa c CB 1,4 cri3 μ K3KB 3,1 μθκβ/γ. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 74 B npuMepe 74 πρμβθπθη cnocoč nonyHeHna MMKpo3MynbCnn ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa. b κοτοροΜ κ Mm<po3MynbCMM ΠΑΜ nocneflOBaTenbHO npučaBnatoT Φορμβπβπθγμπ m flMSTUnaMUH. B cocyq npn κομηβτηομ TBMnepaType noMemaroT 30 r MMKp03Mynbcnn ΠΑΜ npnMepa 54 μ κ ηθμ πρκ nepeMBiiiMBaHmi μθαπθηηο npHčaBnaiOT 2,85 r 37,2%-ro BOflHOTO paCTBOpa φθρΜ3ΠΒί1ΘΓΜΑ3. 3aTeM K MMKp03MynbCMM ripu ΠβρΘΜΘΙΙΙΜΒΒΗΜΜ μθππθηηο npn6aBnaK)T2,56 r flMSTM/iaMMHa m nonyHa»OT cnen<a 3aMyTHeHHy»o MMKpo3Mynbcmo ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa. Hepe3 24 naca MMKpo3Mynbcmo MHBepTnpyK)T b Bopy c nonyHeHneM pacTBopa ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa, μμθκϊιιιθγο CB 3,58 cri3 m 3HaHeHne K3KB 3 μ3κβ/γ. ΠΡΙ/IMEPbl 75-76 B npnMepax 75 m 76 npuBeneH cnocoč nonyHeHna apqyKTa flH3TnnaMMH /flMMeTMnaMMHApopManbflerMfl (0,5:0,5:1), a TaioKe onncaHa nonyHeHHaa Ha οοηοβθ τθκογο aoqyKTa MMKpo3MynbCMfl ΠΑΜ MaHHHxa. ΠΡΙ/ΙΜΕΡ 75
B peaKUMOHHbiM cocya, conep^amuM 12,83 r 56%-ro βοαηογο pacTBopa CļMMeTunaMMHa, 11,67 r flH3TnnaMMHa μ 8,32 r BOflbi, μθαπθηηο npHčaBnatOT 10,08 r 95%-ro π3ρ3φορΜ3, nonaep>KMBaa TeMnepaTypy 3Κ3οτθρμμηθοκομ peaKUMM HM>xe 45°C. O6pa30BaBUJMMca pacTBop pa3flenaeTca na pea cnofl, Μ3 KOTopbix hm>khmm cnoti Maccoii 32,6 r no paHHbiM HMP ηβπηθτοα ueneBbiM apqyKTOM 30 ΑΜ3ΤΜΠ3ΜΜΗ/ί1ΜΜθΤΜΠ3ΜΜΗ/ cf>opManbflerMp (0,5:0,5:1). CnoPi OTflermioTU ncnonb3ytOT b npuMepe 76 απη nonyHeHna MHKpo3MynbCMM ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 76 B cocyn npn κομηθτηομ TeMnepaType noMematoT 30 r MHKpo3Mynbcnn ΠΑΜ npMMepa 54 μ κ ηθμ ripu nepeMeuunBaHUM μθαπθηηο npučaBnatOT aflpyKT pn3TnnaMMH/flHMeTMnaMHH/$opManbqernfl npuMepa 75 n nonyHaiOT npo3pa4Hyio MHKpo3MynbCMKD ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa. CnycTfl npuMepHO 24 naca MHKpo3Mynbcnfo HHBepTnpyiOT b Bopy m nonyHatOT ΠΑΜ MaHHHxa c CB 2,8 cn3 μ K3KB 4,04 μβκβ/γ. nPMMEPbl 77-82 B npnMepax 77-79 onncaHo nonyHeHne MHKpo3Mynbcnii cononuMepOB ΠΑΜ npn ncnonb30BaHMM aKpMnoBOM KMcnoTbi (AK), 2-aKpnnaMMfla-2-MeTMnnponaH-cynb$0H0B0ii KMcnoTbi (ΑΜΜΠΟ) n flnannnnpnMeTMnaMMOHMiixnopMfla (JļAflM) οοοτβθτοτβθηηο b ιοηθοτβθ coMOHOMepoB κ aKpMnaMway. B npnMepax 80-82 onncaHO nonyHeHne ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa Ha οοηοβθ τβκμχ ομοτθμ. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 77 Κ 299,3 r opraHunecKoro pacTBOpa, conep>Kainero 240 r ΜΠΡ, 48,78 r ITIOC Μ 15,5 Γ CC, ΜΘΑΠΘΗΗΟ npn ΠθρθΜΘΙΙΙΜΒΒΗΜΜ Πρί^ΒΠΗΙΟΤ 200 Γ BOflHOrO pacTBOpa (ρΗ 3,15), coaepKamero 80,38 r aKpnnaMkina, 4,29 r aKpnnoBOŪ KMcnoTbi w 0,028 r N-(2-rMmpoKCM3TMn)3TMneHflMaMMHTpnyKcycHoPi KucnoTbi. nonyHeHHyK) npo3paHHyio MMKpo3Mynbcmo MOHOMepa nponyBaiOT 40 MMHyT a30T0M, 3aieM AoOaBnntoT 0,0424 r 2.2'-a3o6MC-4-MeTOKCM-2,4-flMMe™nBanepoHMTpnna β2μπ 3TnnaueiaTa m MMKpo3MynbCMK> nonnMepM3yiOT npn 30°C. nonyHeHHbiii nponyKT npeacTaBnneT cočom npo3paHHy»o ycToiiHMByto Mw<po3Mynbcwo cononuMepa aKpMnaMna-aKpunoBaa Kucnota c CB 3,48 cn3. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 78
K 150 r opraHunecKoro pacTBOpa, copepaoinero 120 r ΜΠΡ, 15 r ITIOC m 15 r CC, npn nepeMeujMBaHMM μθαπθηηο npn6aBnnioT βοαημμ pacTBop (100 r, pH 8,5), coAepaotuMii 31,22 r aKpiinaMupa, 11,18 r AMMnC n 0,02 r N-(2-rnflpoKCM3Tnn) 3TMneHHnaMMHTpnyKcycH0M KucnoTbi. nonyHeHHyio 3Mynbcwo MOHOMepa nponyBaiOT 40 MMHyT a30T0M, 3θτθμ npn6aBnflK)T 1 r 4,24%-ro pacTBOpa 2,2'- a306nc( 2,4-αμμθτμππθητ3η ) HmpHna b 3TnnaueTaTe m MMKpo3Mynbcmo nonnMe3npyK)T npM 50°C. nonyHeHHbm nponyKT npeACTaBnneT 31 LV 11186 co6om np03paHHyio γοτοίίΗΜΒγκ) MHKp03MynbCMK) cononuMepa aKpunaMMfl AMMHC co CB 3 cn3. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 79 K 137.1 r opraHunecKoro pacTBopa. coaepjKamero 120 roeKaHa, 14,2 r rnOC n 2,9 r MOHOoneaTa nonnoKCnaTMneHcopāma (OnOC), npn nepeMeiiiUBaHUH MepneHHO npučaBnatoT 106,97 r βορηογο pacTBopa, coqep>Kamero 17,23 r aKpnnaMnqa, 25,92 r flAflM n 0,02 r N - (2-rnapoKCM3Tnn) 3TMneHflMaMMHTpnyKCyCHOii KMCflOTbl. ΠοπγΗβΗΗγΚ) np03paHHytO MHKp03MynbCH(0 MOHOMepa npoqyBaK3T 40 ΜΜΗγτ a30T0M, nocne nero qo6aBnniOT 0,0424 r 2,2'-a306nc-4-MeT0Kcn-2,4-flMMeTnnBanep0Hmpnna m MMKpo-3MynbCMK) ποπΜΜβ3Μργιοτ npn 30°C. rionyHeHHbiM προαγκτ npeflCTaBnaeT co6om npo3paHHyio γοτοΜΗΜΒγκο MMKpo3MynbCMto cononMMepa aKpMnaMMfl-flAflM co CB 2,3 cn3. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 80 B cocyq npn κομηβτηομ TeMnepaType noMeinaiOT 30 r MMKpo3MynbCMM cononMMepa aKpunaMMfl-aKpunoBaa Kucnoia npMMepa 77 μ k ηθμ ripu nepeMeiunBaHMM μθαπθηηο npn6aBny»OT pacTBop 9,5 r aqnyKTa ŪMA/CH20 npMMepa 67 n 0,36 r AMMeTMnaMMHa c ποπγπβΗΜβΜ MMKpo3MynbCMM cononuMepa MaHHHxa aKpunaMMfl-aKpunoBan Kucnoia. Cnycm npMMepHO 24 saca MMKpo3Mynbcmo ΜΗΒθρτΜργιοτ B Boqy m nonyMaiOT cononuMep MaHHnxa co CB 4,1 cn3 μ K3KB 6,33 μθκβ/γ. ΠΡΙ4ΜΕΡ 81 B cocyq npn κομη3τηομ TeMnepaType noMematOT 30 r MMKpo3MynbCMM cononMMepa aKpnnaMHfl-AMMriC npMMepa 79, κ κοτοροϋ npM nepeMeujMBaHMM MeqneHHO npnāaBnnioT 7,06 r pacTBopa aqqyKTa JHMA/CH2O npMMepa 67, c ποπγπβΗΜβΜ cononMMepa MaHHMxa aKpMnaMMjļ-AMMnC co CB 1,7 cn3 μ K3KB 4,1 Μ3ΚΒ/Γ. ΠΡΙ/ΙΜΕΡ 82 B cocyq npM KOMHaTHoii TeMnepaiype noMematOT 30 r MMKpo3MynbCMM cononMMepa aKpMnaMMA-JļAflM npMMepa 79. κ κοτοροίί npM nepeMeiuMBaHMM MeqneHHO npMčaBnniOT 4,06 r pacTBopa aonyKTa J1MA/CH2O npMMepa 67 m 0.41 r AMMeTMnaMMHa , c ποπγΜβΗΜβΜ MMKpo3MynbCMM cononMMepa MaHHMxa aKpMnaMMfl-flAflM. ΠρΜΜβρΗΟ Hepe3 24 Haca MMKp03MynbCM»O ΜΗΒβρΤΜργίΟΤ B BOfly M nonyHaioT cononMMep MaHHMxa co CB 2.3 cn3 μ K3KB 6,7 mskb/t. 32 nPMMEPbl 83-84 B npnMepax 83-86 onncaHO nonyneHne o6paTmvibix 3Mynbcnii ΠΑΜ c pa3MepOM MacTMu 3600 A, 6600 A. 11400 A n 20500 A, KOTopbie 3aTeM npeBpamaiOT b očpaTMMbie 3Mynbcnn ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa mx peaKuneM c appyKTaMM HMA/C^O (1,25: 1 m 1:1) n b npnMepax 87-90 m 91-94 οοοτβθτοτβθηηο. 3aTeM ncnonb3yiOT npoayKTbi npuMepoB 68, 70 m 91-94 pna onpepeneHna βπμβημβ pa3Mepa nacTup Ha $noKKynnpyioinee ρθμοτβμθ. ΠΡΙ/IMEPbl 83-86 06mafl MeTOflMKa nonyMeHwa o6paTwvibix 3Mynbcnii ΠΑΜ 3aKnK>HaeTca b cneflyK3ineM. flna nonyHeHMfl MacnaHoro pacTBopa b ηθμμθκ)ιιιθμ 3anaxa napacpHHOBOM pacTBopmene (nnp) pacTBopaiOT ροκ μ δποκοοποπΜΜβρ Tuna A/B/A c MB οκοπο 5000, rpe A-3BeHba copepaoT nanbMMTMHOBy(o KMcnoTy n 12-rnppoKCncTeapnHOByK) KHcnoiy (1:5) m B-3BeHba npepcTaBrmioT ποπμοτμπθηοκομα (MB 1500), panee coKpamem/ie ΠΤΗ. BopHbiii pacTBop MOHOMepa nony<HaioT pacTBopeHneM 50%-ro βορηογο pacTBopa aKpunaMnaa, αμηβτμθβομ conu 3TMneHpnaMMHTeTpayKcycHoPi KucnoTbi (3flTK-2Na), xnoprnppaTa 2,2'-a3o6nc(2-aMMpMHonponaHa) m Na2Sc>4 b βορθ m ycTaHOBneHMeM pH 3-3,5 ροδβΒ/ίθΗΜθΜ 10%-οίί cepHoii KMcnoTbi. 3aTeM BopHbiM pacTBop MOHOMepa npn6aBnaiOT κ MacnaHOMy pacTBOpy m 3MynbrnpyiOT. nonyHeHHyK) o6paTMMyK> 3Mynbcmo nponyBaKDT a30T0M m 3aTeM MHnumipyK}T ripu 25°C y<t>-M3nyHeHMeM. nonnMepn3aun(o npoponxaK)T οκοπο 3,5 naca, CpepHMii pa3Mep nacTMU αβπλθτοη ycepepHeHHoii βθπμημηομ, nonyHem-ioii c noMouubio aHanM3aTopa pa3Mepa nacTnu Noriba. CocTae o6paTMMbix 3Mynbcnii m KOHeHHbie xapaKTepncTHKM nonuMepa npuBepeHbi b HM>Kecneiļyfoineii Ta6nnqe 10. 33 LV 11186 ΤΑΕΠΙ/IUA 10
MacnaHaa cpa3a npUMep 83 flpuMep 84(c) npMMep 85(c) (IpMMep 86(c) nBC 70,8 70,8 70,8 70.8 ΠΟΚ 7,5 7,5 7,5 7,5 ΠΠΠ 1,25 1,25 1,25 1,25 AKpnnaMnq 86,6 86,6 86,6 86,6 (52%) 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 AflTfl-2 a (10%) Na2S04 (1,93%) BoflHaa (pa3a 3,58 3,58 3,58 3,58 A3o-KaT. (2%) 0,45 1,13 2,25 2,25 Bopa 94,5 93,8 92,7 92,7 flonmviep KoHBepcna,% 97,4 96,0 97,8 98,5 CB, cn3 3,7 3,6 3,1 3,8 Pa3Mep nacTnu, A 3,600 6,600 11,400 22,500 X - ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΟ ΒΟΘΧ ΚΟΜΠΟΗΘΗΤΟΒ ΠρΜΒΘΑΘΗΟ Β rpaMMaX CB - CTaHflapTHaa ΒΗ3κοοπ>
C - CpaBHMTenbHbIM ΠΡΙ/IMEPbl 87-94 Ημ>κθ cnejqyeT o6mee onncaHne cnocoāa, ncnonb30BaHHoro flna nonyHeHna o6paTMMbix 3MyribCMii ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa npmviepoB 87-94. B cocyn npn κομη3τηομ TeMnepaiype noMeuiaiOT 30 r o6paTMMoii 3Mynbcnn ΠΑΜ npenmecTByioinMX npuMepoB, κ κοτοροίί ripu nepeMeiuMBamin μθηπθηηο npn6aBnaK)T pacTBOp appyKTa HMA/Ch^O, c πογψηθημθμ ycTOMMHBoii oāpaTUMoii 3MynbCMM ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa. Hepe3 HecKonbKO flHeii o6paTmviyK) 3Mynbcmo ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa b Bony m nonyHaiOT ΠΑΜ MaHHHxa, ann κοτοροίί onpeaeneHbi 3HaHeHMfl CB n K3KB. K0Mn03MUHM npMMepOB M KOHeHHblB XapaKTepMCTMKH npi/iBefleHbi B HM>KecneflyK)UļMx Ta6nm4ax 11 m 13. flPHMEP 95
ļļeiicTBiie MMKpo3MynbCMM ΠΑΜ MaHHiixa npuMepa 60 BbiaBnatoT b MCnblTaHMM ΠΟ 06e3B0>KMBaHMM OCaflKa npn CBOāOflHOM ΜΟΤΘΗΘΗΜΜ, 3aKniOHaiomeMCfl b cnejļy»oiueM. B cocyflbi c 33βμηημβ3ιοιμμμμο5ι KpbiuiKaMM 34
TujaTenbHO OTBewMBa»OT 200 r HeoāpaāoTaHHoro (cbipHoro) ocapKa, nocTynnBUjero co CTamjMM ohmctkh οτοηημχ βοπ Saneford CT. BopHbie pacTBOpbi ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa b KasecTee φποκκγπΒΗΤΒ γοτοβητ τβκμμ o6pa30M, mto KOHueHTpauuB nonuMepa cocTaBnBeT 0,2%. K o6pa3uaM ocaflKa flo6aBnn»oT pacTBop b pa3nnwHbix P03np0BKax, 3aieM ροόβΒππιοτ Bopy ρο ποπΗοίί Maccbi b 250 r, ocapoK nepeMeuinBaiOT 90 οθκυηρ, oca>KfleHHbiii b βμηθ xnoribeB ocapoK nepeHOCBT b ΒοροΗκγ BtoxHepa, ΜΜβιοιργκ) φΜΠΒτργκ3ΐΐιγ»ο TKaHb, m onpepenaioT οβο6ορηοθ ΜΟΤβΜβΗΜβ Μ3ΜβρβΗΜΘΜ 06teMa φΜΠΒΤρ3Τ3, COČpaHHOrO 3a 10 ΟΘΚγΗρ. M3 npnBepeHHbix b TaOnmļe 12paHHbix bcho BMfjHbi npenMymecTBa pePicTBua MMKpo3Mynbcmi ΠΑΜ MaHHiixa npuMepa 9 (οροκ xpaHeHna 10 pHeii) no CpaBHBHMIO c npOiļ£DKHblM ΠΑΜ MaHHMXa. TABHMUA 12 ΠΑΜ MaHHwxa npuMepa N fl03Mp0BKa (μπ) ΦΜ/ibTpaT (μπ) 60 9.5 70 5 10.5 108 11.0 135 12.5 125 13.0 125 15.0 105 10 60C 11.5 65 12.5 85 13.0 85 15.0 98 15 16.5 120 17.5 125 20.0 120 C = npOflcDKHbIM ΠΡΟΡΥΚΤ. LV 11186 05 Ο. ,,Ι—V, 05 CC ΠΟ Κ Κ κ κ κ σ; 2 Λ X X X X X X X X S 05 η α α σ σ α CC 05 C = 00 C0 C0 00 00 οο οο 00 Ο 05 '«Μ··' Νμ·" ·*·»»✓ s,^ C ^ 05 °0 γ*. 05 05 °ο C\J 05 C0 ο CO CO 00 CO οο 00 CO od
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CymecTBeHHoe βπμαημθ pa3Mepa sacTnu Ha μχ ρθμοτβμθ BbiaermiOT b ncnbuaHMu co CBOāoflHbiM μοτθηθημθμ pna cociapeHHbix ( οροκ xpaHeHna 72 οηα) MHKpo3MynbCnii n o6paTMMbix 3MynbCMM (cm. HM>KecneflyK)Lnyio Ta6nw_iy 13). Pe3ynbTaTbi ncnbīTaHuPi bcho yxa3biBaK)T Ha ΗΘθ6χορΜΜθσπ> noBbiiueHMfl fl03npoBKM cf>noKKynaHTa c poctom pa3Mepa nacTMu. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 97 BHOBb B0cnpon3BefleHa μθτορμιο npMMepa 52 3a μοκπιοηθημθμ τογο, ητο pa* KB0TepHM3aunM ΠΑΜ MaHHHxa MMKp03MynbcnK) ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa o6pa6aTbiBaioT flnMeinncynb$aTOM. B pe3ynbTaie BbipenaiOT KB0TepHM3Mp0BaHHbiii ποπμμθρ. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 98 flna o6pa30BaHna MacnaHoro pacTBopa nepeMeiuMBajOT 60 r ΓΠΟΟ, 18,6 r CC h 360 r ΜΠΡ. OTflenbHO 15,6 r 11,1 Ι-ρμμθτμπθμμηοπροπμπ aKpMnaMMpa MenneHHo npučaBnaioT npn 25°C κ 10% -οίί (Macc.) bophom a30THOM KkīcnoTbi. K pacTBopy MOHOMepa oahom nopunePi npMSaBnaiOT 9,25 r 3nnxnoprnnpnHa, 3aieM npnāaBnafOT 0,05 r 6eH3nnTpMMeTnnaMMOHHMxnopnfla m CMecb nepeMeiuMBaiOT 3 naca npn 50°C. CMecb oxna>KflaiOT po 25°C mm 3KCTparnpyiOT ΜΠΤ. SKdparMpOBaHHbiM BOflHbiM pacTBop 3aTeM počaBrmiOT κ 94,8 r eopbi m 63, 95 r AMfl. OčbepMHeHHbiM pacTBop coMOHOMepa npM6aBnaioT κ MacnaHOMy pacTBopy m nonyHaiOT npo3paHHyto MMKpo3My/ibCMio. OTpenbHo nonyHa»OT 0,124 r 2,2' -a3oānc(4-MeTOKCM-2,4-jļMMeTMnBanepoHMTpMna) KaTanw3aiop b 4 r STunaueTaT m npopyBaioT a30T0M. MMKpo3MyribCMK) nponyBatOT a30T0M, m nonMMepM3auMio MHMUMMpyfOT floSaBneHMeM KaTanM3aTopa m HarpeBaHMeM CMecM po 30°C. MMKpo3MynbCMa nonyHeHHoro snoKCMpMpoBaHHoro cono/iMMepa AMfl-N,N-ΡΜΜΘΤΜΠ3ΜΜΗ0Γΐρ0ΠΜΠ3ΚρΜΠ3ΜΜΡ ΜΜΘΘΤ 06beMHyK3 BH3K0CTb 47 0Π3. CTaHpapTHaa Bfl3KocTb πογ^ηθηηομ MM«po3MynbCMM cononMMepa Ηβρβ3 ΟΡΜΗ (1) 1,8 0Π3, M MMKp03MynbCMK) 33ΤΘΜ MCnblTblBaiOT ΠΟ ΜΘΤΟΡΜΚΘ npMMepOB 25-44 Ha ΒΠΜΗΗΜΘ Ha npOHHOCTb 6yMarM CyXOM/MOKpOM COCTOHHMM nyTeM npoHHOCTM b cyxoM cocto*hmm nonyneHO 3HaneHMe b 20.6 cpyHTa/piOMM (1,41 Kr/CM^) M flJlfl Bfia>KHOCTM B MOKpOM COCTOHHMM 3,32 $yHTa/flKDMM (0,25 Kr/CM^).
Kax οηθβμρηο, ποπμμθρ npMpaeT 6yMare npMeMnMMyio npOHHOCTb CyXOM/MOKpOM COCTOflHMM. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 99 flnjļ nonyweHMa MacnaHoro pacTBopa b 96 r ΜΠΡ m 0,0354 r 6eH3QMHM3o6yTMnoBoro scf>Mpa pacTBopflfOT 13,72 r ΤΠΟΟ m 4,22 r MC. OTpenbHo 39 γοτοβητ BOflHbiPi pacTBOp 31,93 r AMfl, 3,55 r flAflM, 0,071 r ΜθΤΜΠβΗβΜΟθκρΜΠ-aMupa (MBA), 0.018 r 3TflK m 44,43 r BOflbi, b κοτοροΜ ycTaHaBnnBatOT 3HaHeHne pH 5,5. 3aTeM BOflHbiM pacTBOp MOHOMepa ηρΜδβΒΠΗίοτ κ MacnmoMy pacTBOpy m nonysaK)T npo3paHHyio MMKp03MynbCMK>, KOTOpyio npoqyBaiOT a30T0M m MHW4nnpyK)T npn 25’C ΥΦ-μ3γψηθημθμ. B pe3ynbTaTe nonnMepn3aqnn b τθηθημθ nonynaca nonyHaK>T npo3paMHyK) ycTOMHMByto MMKpo3MynbCMto c o6beMHOM Bfl3KOCTbK5 20 Cn3 M Bfl3KOCTbJO paCTBOpa ΠρΜ ΚΟΗ14βΗΤρ3Ι4ΜΜ 2000 Η/ΜΠΗ 1,5 0Π3. nonyHeHHyK) 3Mynbcn»o McnbīTbiBaioT no μθτοαμκθ npuMepa 98 Ha βπμαημθ Ha npOHHOCTb 6yMarM B CyXOM/MOKpOM COCTOflHMM. flna npOHHOCTM B MOKpOM coctohhmm nonyneHO 3HaweHMe b 0,8 (J)yHT/iuoMM (0,056 κγ/cm2), a πππ npOHHOCTM b CyXOM COCTOflHMM - 18,7 0yHT/fl(OMM (1,3 κγ/cm2). ΠρΜ MCnblTaHMM MMKp03Myj1bCMM ΧΠ0ρΜρ0Β3ΗΗ0Γ0 nonMMepa CO CpOKOM xpaHeHMH HeTbīpe (4) phsr, c Bfl3K0CTbio pacTBopa 1,01 Ha βπμαημθ na npOHHOCTb b MOKpOM/cyXOM COCTOHHMM npOHHOCTM Β CyXOM COCTOflHMM ΠΟ/^ΗΘΗΟ 3Η3ΗΘΗΜβ 21,4 npM pH 6 m 21,8 npM pH 8, a flna npOHHOCTM β μοκρομ coctohhmm - 2,3 npM pH 6 m 2,2 npM pH 8. 3to yKa3biBaeT Ha to, hto aax<e cmMTbiii ποπμμθρ, ο ηθμ mojkho cyflMTb no ποημ>κθημκ) BA3K0CTM, τβΜ ηθ μθηθθ fleiicTByeT yqoBneTBopMTenbHO. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 100 Κ 246,05 r opraHMHecKoro pacTBopa, coqepttamero ΜΠΡ (199,7 r), iTIOC (31,6 r) m CC (13,9 r), πρκ nepeMeujMBaHMM μθρπθηηο npn6aBnjjfOT242,5 r βοαηογο pacTBopa (pH 3), coaepaomero aKpnnaMMq (109,8 r), 6poMaT Haipna (0,0055 r) μ N - (2-rnqpoKCM3TMn)- 3TMneHflMaMMHTpnyKcycHyto KMcnoTy 10,1 r). nonyHeHHyio cnerKa MyTHyto MMKpo3MynbCMio MOHOMepa npoqyBaioT 40 a30T0M, nocne nero npo6ynbKMBaK)T β MMKpo3MynbCMio ra30o6pa3Hyio SO2, noflqep>KMBafl TeMnepaTypy npM 55°C. ra30o6pa3Hyio SO2 nonyHafOT nponycKaHMeM a30Ta nepe3 0,5%-mm pacTBOp MeTnn6Mcynb$aTa HaipMa. nonyneHHbiM npoqyKT npeacTaensieT co6ou npo3paHHyto ycTOMHMBy»o MMKpo3MynbCMHD nonMai<pMnaMMqa co CB 2,7 cn3. ΠΡ14ΜΕΡ 101 A. B npMBMnMMbiM cocyq, coqep>KainMM ρμμθτμγήμμη (218,4 r, 60,4%-biii BOjqHbiii pacTBOp), μθρπθηηο npMČaenatOT napacpopM (92,4 r, 95%), noqqep>KMBa5i TeMnepaTypy 3Κ30τθρμμηθοκομ peaidjMM ημ>κθ 45°C. Πογψηθηηνμ pacTBOp ocTaBnsRKDT oxnax<flaTbCH npM nepeMeuiMBaHMM m nocne cpMnbTpoBaHMH nonynaiOT np03paHHblM pacTBOp. Β. K 70 r npoqyiora npMMepa 101A qo6aBrmtoT 17,13 r ηθμοημ3μροβ3ηηομ BOObl. 40 LV 11186 C. K 190 r nponyKTa npuMepa 101Apo6aBrmioT 15,04 r flMUMaHOflMaMMfla, 18,62 r 6ncyrib(J}ma Haipna m 12,86 r fleMOHM3MpoBaHHOM BOflbi n nocne $nnbTpoBaHMB nonynaK)T np03paHHbiii pacTBop. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 102 B peaKUMOHHbiii cocya noMeiua»OT npM κομη3τηομ TeMnepaiype 150 r MMKp03MynbCMM ΠΑΜ npMMepa 100 Μ Κ ΗΘΜ npM ΠβρθΜΘΙ1ΙΜΒ3ΗΜΜ μθηπθηηο npn6aBnaK)T 62,7 r apqyKTa JļMA/Ch^O npMMepa 101B c o6pa30BaHneM MyTHOBaToii MMKpo3MynbCMM ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa. ΠρΜΜβρΗΟ sepe3 24 naca MHKpo3MynbCM»o MHBemrMpyiOT b Bopy m nonynaK)T ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa co CB 2,65 cn3 m K3KB 6,6 μθκβ/γ. ΠΡ14ΜΕΡ 103 B peaKUMOHHbiii cocyq noMeiuaioT ripu κομη3τηομ TeMnepaType 150 r MHKp03Mynbcmi ΠΑΜ npMMepa 100, κ κοτοροίί npn nepeMeujMBaHMM μθρπθηηο fločaBnaiOT aflpyKT flMA/CIV^O npMMepa 101, m nonyHaiOT npo3paHHyK) MMKp03MynbCMK) ΠΑΜ MaHHMXa. ΠρΜΜθρΗΟ ΗΘΡΘ3 24 Mača MMKp03MynbCMfO MHBepTnpyiOT b Bopy m nonynafOT ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa co CB 2,65 cn3 μ K3KB 6,2 Μ3ΚΒ/Γ. ΠΡ14ΜΕΡ 104 B CMOHTMpOBaHHbiM Ha TpacyHKe aBTOKnaB noMematOT 75 r MMKpo3MynbCMM ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa npuMepa 103 m k ηθμ npw κομη3τηομ TeMnepaType β τθηθημθ npuMepHO 2-x nacoB no6aBnnioT 8,5 r μθτμπχπορμαθ, noflpepjKMBaa paBneHne b aBTOKnaBe ημ>κθ 30 psi (2,2 κγ/cm2). Κοηθηηημ nponyKT npepcTaBnneT co6om np03paHHblii yCTOMHMBblM KBaTepHM3MpOBaHHblM ΠΑΜ MaHHMXa co CB 2,1 cn3. nPHMEP 105 B cMOHTHpoBaHHbiM Ha TpncyHKe aBTOKnaB noMemaioT 50 r MHKpo3Mynbcnn ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa npMMepa 103 μ κ ηθμ πρΜ κομηθτηομ TeMnepaType b τθηθημθ npMMepaHO 2-x nacoB npMČaBnntoT 4,5 r MeTMnxnopMpa, noflflepacMBan ρθβπθημθ b aBTOKnaBe HM*e 30 psi (2,2 κγ/cm2). Κοηθηημμ npopyKT npeflCTaBnneT co6om np03paHHblM yCTOMHMBblii KBapTepHM3MpOBaHHblM ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa co CB 2,2 cn3. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 106 B CMOHTMpoBaHHbiM Ha TpncyHKe aBTOKnaB noMematOT 50 r MMKpo3MynbCMM ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa npMMepa 103 μ κ ηθμ πρΜ κομηθτηομ TeMnepaType β τθηθημθ npMMepHO 2-x nacoB npMāanntoT 2,9 r MeTMnxnopMpa, nonaep>KMBan paBneHMe b 41 aBTOKnaBe Hnx<e 30 psi (2,2 κγ/cm2). Κοηθηηημ npoqyKT npeacTaBnaeT coāoii npo3paHHbiii ycTOMHMBbiii KBapiepHH3npOBaHHbiii ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa co CB 1,8 cn3. nPHMEP 108 B peaKunoHHbiii cocyn noMemaiOT ripu κομηβτηομ TeMnepaType 150 r MMKpo3MynbcnM ΠΑΜ npMMepa 100, κ κοτοροϋ npn nepeMeLuneaHUM μθαπθηηο npn6aBnflK)T 25,1 r appyKTa flMA/Ch^O npuMepa 101 C, n nonyHaioT 3aMyTHeHHyto MHKp03MynbCHK> ΠΑΜ MaHHMXa. ΠρΜΜβρΗΟ Ηβρβ3 24 Mača MW<p03MynbCMK> MHBepTnpytOT b BOpy m nonyHatOT ΠΑΜ MaHHMxa co CB 2,65 cn3. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 109 B CMOHTupoBaHHbiii Ha TpncyHKe aBTOK/iaB noMemaiOT 50 r MMKpo3MynbCW4 ΠΑΜ MaHHHxa npuMepa 108 μ κ Hefi npn κομηβτηομ TeMnepaType b τθηθημθ npuMepHO 2-x nacoB npučaBrmioT 2,7 r MeTnnxnopnna, nonaep>KMBafl naBneHne b aBTOKnaBe ημ>κθ 30 psi (2,2 κγ/cm2). Κοηθηηημ npopyKT npepcTaBrmeT coāoii npo3paHHbiii ycTOŪHMBbiPi KBapTepHM3npoBaHHbiii ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa co CB 1,4 cri3. ΠΡΜΜΕΡ 110 fleūcTBue KBapTepHM3npoBaHHbix ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa npMMepoB 104-107 m 109 BbmBrmioT b ncnbīTaHun Ha o6e3BO>KMBaHMe ocapKa πρκ cbo6ophom μοτθηθημμ, 3aKmoHatoineMC« b cnepyioineM. B cocypbi TiuaienbHo οτβθιιιιίβ3Κ)τ no 200 r nepepaāoTaHHoro ocapKa c ropopcKoii CTaHumi ohmctkm cTOHHbin bop. BopHbie pacTBopbi KBapTepHM3npoBaHHbix ΠΑΜ MaHHnxa b KanecTBe 0noKKynaHTa γοτοβατ TaKMM o6pa30M, hto KOHueHTpaqnn noniiMepa cociaBrmeT 0,3%. K o6pa3qaM ocapKa poSaBnaioT nonyHeHHbie pacTBopbi b pa3miHHbix po3npoBKax, 33τθμ ocapoK nepeMeiuMBaKDT 5 ceKyHfl nopBecHoii MeiuanKoii co CKopocTbK) 300 o6/mmh, nonyHeHHbiū b BHpe xnonbee ocapoK nepenocaT Ha BopoHKy BioxHepa, nMeiomyK) φ^1Πbτpyκ)myκ) TKaHb, m CBOčojļHoe μοτθηθημθ onpepermioT n3MepeHneM KonMHecTBa φΜΠΒτρ3Τ3 (μπ), coāpaHHoe 3a 10 ceKyHp. M3 npnBeneHHbix b Ta6nnqe 14 paHHblX OHeBMflHa 3φφβΚΤΜΒΗΟΟ^ KBapTepHM3HpOBaHHblX nOJIHMepOB (ΚΠ) B KasecTBe Φποκ^πηητοβ, KOTopbie cpaBHMBaiOTCsi c npopa>KHbiM KaivioHHbiM φποκ^πΗΗτοΜ τογο >κβ 3apana. 42 42 LV 11186 ΤΑΒΠΜϋΑ 14 KM (IpuMepa Οθ3ΜρθΒΙθ(φγΗΤ/τθΗ H)_ 06. cpnnbTpaTa(Mn) 5 104 3.72 140 5.58 155 7.44 155 9.30 160 10 105 3.72 5.58 7.44 9.30 15 106 3.72 145 5.58 155 7.44 170 9.30 165 20 107 3.72 130 5.58 155 7.44 165 25 9.30 170 109 3.72 48 5.58 50 30 7.44 60 9.30 95 11.16 110 13.02 115 14.88 120 35 16.74 128 Comm 1.86 125 (45:55) 3.72 140 5.88 148 7.44 148 43
Comm-npojļa>KHbiM cononuMep aKpunaMup-aKpunoKCusTunipuMeTunaMMOHnii Πο BbiLuen3no>KeHHoii μθτοαμκθ (npmviep 110), ho c yKa3aHHbiMM MOfll^KKaUHflMM MCriblTaHbl B KaHeCTBe φΠΟΚΚγΠ51ΗΤΟΒ, MCnbiTaHbl n npyrne seTBepTMHHbie nonmviepbi, oxBaTbiBaeMbie oSteivioM HacTOBinero μ3ο6ρθτθημη. flonyHeHHbie pe3ynbTaTbi npHBepeHbi b HM>Kecne{3yK)meii Tačnnue 15.
Ta6nnua 15 ΚΠ npmviepa fl03MpOBKa ($yHTbi/TOHHy) Oā^unbTpaTa (μπ) TBepobie B- ea Kexa OcapoK#2 97 (C.B = 1,2)1 25,0 140 21,2 27,0 148 21,0 30,0 142 21,5 32,5 136 21,1 Comm.1 22,5 114 19,7 25,0 142 19,9 27,0 134 20,6 30,0 142 18,6 ΠβρβΜΘΐυΜΒβΗΜβ 10 ceK co CKopocTbto 300 o6/mmh. OcaflOK#3 97 (C.B = 2,0)2 40,0 130 10,5 48,0 126 10,5 56,0 128 10,7 97 (C.B = 1,2)2 40,0 131 102 48,0 134 108 56,0 134 11,4 Comm.2 24,0 125 9,1 32,0 120 8,3 40,0 108 8,8
MeiuanKy pacnonaraioT Ha 10 ceK npn 5 1/2 n Ha 20 ceK ripu 2 1/2 44 LV 11186 TABilMUA 15 (προποπ)ΚθΗΜθ)
OcaqoK#4 97 (C.B. = 1,45) 1,4 14 XX 2,7 33 37,1 4,1 65 41,4 5,4 80 42,0 6,8 90 41,3 1,4 22 XX 2,7 58 39,5 4,1 45 32,9 5,4 37 30,2 xx- He nonflaeTCfl M3MepeHn»o
OcaflOK#5 97 (C.B. = 2,0)3 8,23 160 14,8 12,35 205 15,3 16,46 220 15,2 20,58 230 16,3 24,69 230 16,9 97 (C.B. = 2.4)3 8,23 130 14,2 12,35 210 15,3 16,46 220 16,0 20,58 235 16,5 24,69 236 16,7 Comm3 8,23 160 14,1 10,29 200 14,7 12,35 208 15,0 16,46 226 15,1 45 TA5JH4L1A 15 ('nponojOKeHHe) 3-nepeMeLUMBaHne 20 ceK npn 350 o6/mmh
OcaflOK #6 104 (C.B. = 2,4) 6,3 134 22,5 8,4 158 24,4 10,5 152 23,4 12,5 160 24,5 Comm.xxx 4,2 146 21,2 5,3 143 21,2 6,3 145 21,5 8,4 148 21,1
xxxnepeMewMBaHne 300 o6/mmh/15 ceK
QcaooK#7
CflBMroBaa pecfcopMaumi fl03Mp0BKa ct>MnbTpaT Κθκ 97 (C.B. = 2,5) 300 o6/mmh/5mmh 10 70 13,1 300 o6/mhh/10mhh 10 85 13,3 300 o6/mmh/5mmh 11,7 98 14,0 300 o6/mmh/10mmh 11,7 88 13,3 300 o6/mmh/10mmh 13,3 95 14,0 300 o6/mmh/1 Ommh 15,0 100 14,6 Comm. 300 o6/mmh/8 mmh 6,7 82 12,8 300 q6/mhh/1 5 6,7 70 13,0 MMH 8,3 70 12,3 300 o6/mmh/5 mmh 300 o6/mmh/10 MMH 8,3 85 13,0 TABJIMLIA 15 (προαοπχθΗΜθ) 300 o6/mmh/1 5mmh 8,3 82 13,9 300 o6/mmh/1 5mmh 10.0 95 13,8 300 o6/mmh/1 5mmh 11,7 92 12,6 300 o6/mmh/30mmh 11,7 89 14,1 46 LV 11186 B οβθτθ BbiiuenpuBefleHHoro ποαρο6ηογο oriMcaHMfl cneL4nanncTy 6ypyT caMooHeBupHbi μηογμθ Bapnaunu HacToainero M3o6peieHHH. HanpuMep, βμθοτο ncnonb30BaHna aKpunaMupa b ιοηθοτβθ (anK)aKpnnaMMflHoro MOHOMepa μοχθτ 6blTb ΠρΜΜβΗΘΗ MeTaKpMnaMMfl M 3TaKpMnaMMfl. ΠΟΜΜΜΟ MHMMMMpOBaHMfl nonnMepM3aunn yO-o6nyHeHneM nnn c noMOtubto OKucnmenbHO-BoccTaHOBmenbHOM fl/ia τοΡί >κθ uenu μο>κθτ 6biTb ncnonb30BaH πιοδοΡί M3BecTHbiPi cnoco6, HanpMMep, MOHM3npyKDinee M3nyHeHMe. B peaKunn MaHHHxa MoryT 6biTb npviMeHeHbi caMbie pa3nnHHbie BTopunHbie aMMHbi, TaKne «aic nnnepnfluH, pusTaHonaMMH, fln6yTnnaMMH n aMunMeTunaMUH, TaioKB ok n caMbie pa3nnHHbie npon3BOflHbie $opManbflernpa, b tom ημοπθ h TpnoKcaH.
Bce TaKne ομθβμαημθ ΜορΜφΜκβρΜΜ b ποπηομ ο6τ»θμθ oxBaTbiBatoTCfl npunaraeMOv\ φορινψποίί M3o6peTeHna.
Xota BbiiuenpMBefleHHoe o6cy*AeHne b nepByro onepeflb HanpaBneHO Ha ΓφΜΜΘΗΘΗΜΘ ΠΟΠΜΜβρΟΒ Ha ΟΟΗΟΒβ (MeT)aKpnnaMMfla, KOTOpbie AO ΦνΗΚΜΜ0ΠΜ3Μρ0Β3ΗΙΊ51 ΑΒΠΑΙΟΤΟίΙ ΠΟ CymeCTBy nMHePlHblMH, TaiOKe B03MO>KHO ncnonb30BaHne ciumbix ot He3HaHMTenbHoii Ao yMepeHHoPi οτθπθημ ποπμμθροβ Ha οοηοβθ (MeT)aKpnnaMHAa, KOTOpbie MoryT 6biTb nony4eHbi ripu Ao6aBneHnw He6onblUMX ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒ CUJHBaiOlAMX ΜΟΗΟΜβρΟΒ, TaKMX KaK MeTMneH6nCaKpnnaMMA H T.A. B BOAHbie paCTBOpbl 3ΚρΜΠ3ΜΜΑΗ0Γ0 MOHOMepa ΠΙΟδΟΓΟ M3 BbimenpMBeAeHHoro cnoco6a nepep nonnMepn3aunePi. LV 11186
ΦΟΡΜΥΠΑ I/I30EPETEHMP 1. rionuMep Ha οοηοβθ BOflopacTBopmvioro nonuMepa, μμθιοιαμμ CLUMBaKDLUHe $yHKi4HOHanbHbie rpynnbi, omunaiomnecfi τθμ, ητο ποπμμθρ Haxoflmcfi b φορΜθ, b κοτοροίί no cyiL(ecTBy Becb ποπμμθρ npncyTCTByeT b βμαθ nncKpeTHbix nacTULļ c pnaMeipoM b nmepBane 200-4000 A. 2. flonuMep non.1, οτπμηθιοιαμμοπ τθμ, ητο μμθθτ φορΜγ cyxoro nopoiuKa. 3. Ποπμμθρ non.1, οτπμηθιοιαμμοπ τθμ, ητο μμθθτ φορΜγ κοππομαηογο pacTBopa. 4. ΠΟΠΜΜΘΡ ΠΟΠ.1, OTHMHaiOLLlMMCfl ΤΘΜ, ητο μμθθτ φορΜγ MMKp03MynbCMM. 5. Ποπμμθρ ποπ.1, OTnMHatomMMca τθμ, ητο φyHκ^MHaπbHyιo rpynny BbiāupatOT Μ3: aMMpa, anbflerMfla, aMMHa, 3noKCMrpynnbi, xnoprMApMHa, rMflpoKCMMeTMna m N-ranoMflaMMfla. 6. Ποπμμθρ ποπ.1, οτπμηθιοιαμμοπ τθμ, ητο BOflopacTBopMMbm ΠΟΠΜΜΘΡ OTHOCMTCfl Κ BMHMHOBOMy nOHMMepy ΠρΜΟΟΘΑΜΗΘΗΜΠ. 7. Ποπμμθρ πο π.6, οτπμηθκ^ιαμμοπ τθμ, ητο βμημποβνμ ποπμμθρ πρΜΟΟθβΜΗθΗΜΠ οορθρχΜΤ MOHOMepHbie 3BeHbfl, BbičpaHHbie Μ3 rpynnbi, BKntonaioiAeM: θκρμπθμμα, γμαροκομ3πκμπ(3πκ)3κρμπ3τ, N, N- ΑΜ3ΠΚΜΠ3ΜΜΗ03ΠΚΜΠ(3ΠΚ)3ΚρΜΠ3Τ Μ 3ΠΠΜΠ3ΜΜΗ. 8. Ποπμμθρ πο π. 1, οτπμη3Κ)ιαμμοπ τθμ, ητο Ana^eTp nacTMiļ cocTaBnneT MHTepBan 300-2000 A. 9. Ποπμμθρ ποπ.1, οτπμηθιοιαμμοη τθμ, ητο AnaMeTp ηθοτμα οοοτθβππθτ μητθρβθπ 350-1000 Α. 10. Cnoco6 nonyneHMn nonMMepHbix nacTMLļ ποπ.1, οτπμη8Κ)ιαμμοπ τθμ, ητο ocyLuecTBnniOT: (a) ΟΜΘ11ΙΜΒ3ΗΜΘ (I) ΒΟΑΗΟΓΟ paCTBOpa ΠΟ MeHbllJeM Μθρθ ΟΑΗΟΓΟ MOHOMepa, ΟΠΟΟΟδΗΟΓΟ 06pa30BaTb BOAOpaCTBOpMMbIM ΠΟΠΜΜΘΡ, Μ Β03Μ0ΧΗ0 ΟΑΗΟΓΟ COMOHOMepa C ΑΒΟΜΗΟΜ CBH3bK); (II) MacnnHHoro pacTBopa, BKnfonaiotnero no MeHbiueM Mepe OAHy ymeB0A0p0AHyf0 XMAKOCTb; (III) 3φφθΚΤΜΒΗ0Γ0 KOHMHeCTBa ΠΟΒΘΡΧΗΟΟΤΗΟ-ΘΚΤΜΒΗΟΓΟ ΒΘΙΑΘΟΤΒΘ ΜΠΜ Π0ΒθρΧΗ00ΤΗ0-3ΚΤΜΒΗ0Μ CMeCM C 06pa30BaHMeM OČpaTMMOM 3MynbCMM ΜΠΜ MM«p03MynbCMM; (b) nonMMepM3auMfo nonyneHHOM Ha οτθαμμ (a) 3MynbCMM c nonyneHMeM 3MynbCMM BOAopacTBopMMoro nonMMepa c pa3Mep0M nacTMu b μητθρβθπθ 200-4000 A;
4S (c) flOāaBnenne no MeHbiueH Mepe οαηογο 0yHKUMonn3Mpyioiyero cpeflCTBa κ nonyHeHon Ha ciapnn (b) nonHMepH30BaHHon 3MynbCMn; (d) peaKUMKD φyHκ^noπn3npyκ)U4eΓo cpepcTBa c BopopcTBopuMbiM nonuMepoM. 11. Cnocoā nonyHeHHfi nonnMepHbix nacrn u no n.1, omnHaioiiinxc«
ΤΘΜ, HTO OCyU4eCTBnflKDT (a) cMeujMBaHue (I) βοαηογο pacTBopa (I) no MeHbuueH Mepe οαηογο MOHOMepa, οποοο6ηογο o6pa30BaTb BOflopacTBopuMbifi nonuMep, (2) no MeHbineH Mepe οαηογο φyHκ^noπ^13^1py^o^neΓo cpencTBa n bo3MO>kho (3) no MeHbujeii Mepe οαηογο COMOHOMepa C flBOHHOH CBfl3blO; (II) MacnaHHoro pacTBopa, BK/ifonafoi^ero no MeHbiueM Mepe OflHy ymeBOAopoflHyto >KHflKOCTb; (III) θφφβκτΜΒΗΟΓΟ KonunecTBa ποβθρχηοοτηο-βκτηβηογο BemecTBa μπμ noBepxHOCTHO-aKTHBHOM CMecu c o6pa3oeaHneM oāpaTHMOM 3MynbCHM ηπη MMKp03MynbCnn; (b) o6pa6oTKy nonyneHHOH Ha CTaflHH (a) 3MynbCnn b ycnoBMnx nonnMepn3aunn h φyHK^noπn3a^^1H c nonyneHneM 3MynbCnn BOflOpacTBopMMoro οοηοββηηογο Ha nonHMepe nonHMepa c ΑΗβΜβτροΜ nacTnu 200-4000 A. 12. Cnoco6 non.10, OTnnnaK)LJ4HHca τβΜ, hto oh flononHHTenbno BKntonaeT CTannio (e) HHBepcMn MHKpo3Mynbcnn φyHK^H0ΠM3Hp0BaHH0Γ0 nonHMepHoro Maiepnana. 13. Cnoco6 no n.11, OTnHnaioiflHHCFi τβΜ, hto oh αοποπηητθπβηο BKnfOHaeT CTaflHto (c) nHBepcmi MMKp03Mynbcnn h φyHκ^noπn3npoBaHHOΓo nonuMepHoro MaTepnana. 14. Cnocoā non.10, OTnHHatOLLļMiica τβΜ, hto MOHOMepoM iRBnaeTCfl aKpHnaMUfl, rnflpoKCnanKnn(anK)aKpnnai, N, N-flnanKnnaMMHoanKnn(anK)aKpnnaT Unu annHnaMMH. 15. Cnocoā non.10, OTnHnaioiflHHCH τβΜ, hto MOHOMepoM nenne tch aKpHnaMUfl. 16. Cnocoā non.11, OTnHHatomHHcn τβΜ, hto MOHOMepoM ηθπηβτοη aKpHnaMUfl. 17. Cnocoā no n.11, OTnnHatomnPicn τβΜ, hto MOHOMepoM ΗΒπηβτοη aKpHnaMUfl, rHflpoKCHanKHn(anK)aKpHnaT, N, N-flnanKHnaMHHOanKnn(anK)aKpHnaT ηπη annnnaMHH.
18. Cnocoā nonyneHHn ποπημθρηηχ nacTHp no n.1, οτ/nmaiotpiic« τβΜ, hto ocyu4ecTBnnioT (a) cMeujHBaHHe 4‘) LV 11186 (I) BOflHoro pacTBopa no MeHbineM Mepe οαηογο nonmviepa, cnocoāHoro o6pa30BbiBaTb BOflopacTBopuMbiPi nonuMep n μμθιοιμθγο 0yHKunoHanbHyfO rpynny, H Β03Μ0ΧΗ0 ΠΟ MeHblUeM ΜΘρΘ ΟΑΗΟΓΟ ΟΟΜΟΗΟΜβρθ C ΑΒΟΗΗΟΐλ CBfl3bfO; (II) MacnflHHoro pacTBopa, βκγηοηθκιιαθγο no MeHbiueiži Mepe 0fļHy yrneBOflopoflHyfo >KHflKOCTb; (III) θΦΦθκτμβηογο KonunecTBa noBepxHOCTHO-aKTMBHoro BeuļecTBa nnn noBepXHOCTHO-aKTMBHOū CMecu c o6pa30BaHneM oāpaTMMOii 3MynbCMM μπμ MHKp03MynbCMH; (b) nonnMepn3aunfO 3Mynbcnn CTaflun (a) c nonyneHMeM 3Mynbcnn BOAOpacTBopuMoro ocHOBaHHoro Ha nonuMepe nonuMepa c ακθμθτρομ nacTnu b HHTepBane 200-4000 A. 19. Cnocoā non.18, OTnunaioiAMMCH τθμ, hto μοηομθρομ ηβπηθτοη axpnnaMHA· 20. Cnoco6 non.18, OTnunaioūjMiicfl τθμ, ητο μοηομθρομ αβπαθτοα 3KpnnaMHA, rnApoKCnanKnn(anK)aKpnnaT, N, N-AnanKn/iaMMHoanKMn(anK)aKpnnaT Unu annunaMUH. 21. Cnocoā non.10, OTnunaiomniicfi τθμ, hto φyHκ^^10π^13^1py^ou4ΘΘ cpepcTBO Bbi6npaiOT H3 coeAMHeHHii, μμθιοιαμχ aMHAorpynny, anbAernAHyio rpynny, aMHHorpynny, 3noi<cnrpynny, xnoprnApnHOByio rpynny, γμαΡΟκομμθτμπ hhh N-ranonAaMHAorpynny. 22. Cnoco6 non.11, OTnunaioijjMMCfi τθμ, hto φyHκ^noπ^13^1py^oι^ΘΘ cpepcTBO Bbi6npaiOT H3 coeAHHeHHii, μμθιοιαμχ anbAernAHyto rpynny, aMHHorpynny, 3noKCnrpynny, xnoprnAPHHOByto rpynny, aMMAorpynny, THApoKCHMeTHn Unu N-ranonAaMHAorpynny. 23. Cnocoā non.18, OTnunaioiAHHcn τθμ, hto φyHκ^nOHaπbHo¢ί rpynnoi?i ββπηθτοα bmha, anbAernA, aMUH, 3noKCnrpynna, xnoprnApnH, rnApoKCnnMeTnn hhh N-ranonAaMMA. 24. Cnocoā no n.23, OTnkinafotAniiCB τθμ, hto φyHK^^10HaπbHO^i rpynnoii ηβπαθτοη anbAerHA.
25. Cnocoā nonyHeHM5R noriHMepHbix nacTuu no n.1, OTnnnaK)LAwiicfl τθμ, hto ocyiAecTBnafOT (a) CMeujHBaHHe (I) βοαηογο pacTBopa no MeHbineii Mepe οαηογο nonHMepa, nMetoinero rpynny, cnocoāHyio npespamaTbcn b φyHκ^noHnbHy^o rpynny, n Ta«oii μοηομθρ cnocoāeH oāpa30BbiBaTb BOAopacTBopMMbM ποπμμθρ 1) caM no ceāe Unu b coneTaHHH c ApyrnM μοηομθρομ Unu 2) nocne npeBpaineHMH yxa3aHHoPi rpynnbi b φyHκ^noHaπbHy^o rpynny; 50 (II) MacnflHHoro pacTBopa, BKmcmaiomero no MeHbiueīi Mepe OflHy yrneBOflopoflHyto >KMflKOCTb; (III) 3φφβκτΜΒΗ0Γ0 KonusecTBa noBepxHOCTHO-aKTHBHoro BemecTBa nnn noBepxHOCTHO-aKTHBHOii CMecu c očpa30BaHneM oāpaTHMOii 3MynbCMH nnn MMKp03MynbCMM; (b) o6pa6oTKy nonyHeHHOū Ha CTaflun (a) 3MynbCnn b ycnoBnax nonnMepn3aunn m o6pa30BaHHfl φyHκ^noHaπbHO^ί rpynnbi c nonyneHneM 3Mynbcnn BOflopacTBOpuMoro ocHOBaHHoro Ha nonuMepe nonuMepa c αμθμθτρομ nacTMU b MHTepBane 200-4000 A. 26. Cnocoč no n.25, OTnunaiomMiiCfl τθμ, ητο μοηομθρομ ηβπηθτοη aKpMnaMMA, ruApOKCwanKMn(anK)aKpnnaT, N, N-flManKnnaMHHoanKMn(anK)aKpnnaT h/im annunaMMH. 27. Cnocoā no n.25, OTHMHaiomMficfl τθμ, ητο μοηομθρομ ββπαθτοβ aKpunaMMfl. 28. Cnocoā non.18, οτημηθιοιαμμοα τθμ, ητο oh αοποπημτθπβηο BK/ltOHaei CTaflUfO (c) MHBepCMM MHKp03MyJlbCMM φyHK^^10JlH3Mp0BaHH0Γ0 nonuMepHoro MaTepHana. 29. Cnocoā no n.25, omuHaiomMiiCfl τθμ, ητο οη αοποπημτθπβηο BKmonaeT cTapmo (c) MHBepcnn Mi/iKp03Mynbcnn φyHκ^^1on^13npoBaHHOΓo nonuMepHoro MaTepnana. 51 LV 11186 ΡΕΦΕΡΑΤ nonyHaioT MMKpoHacTMUbi 0yHKLļwonn3npoBaHHoro nonmviepa c pnaMeipoM MacTnu 200-4000 A μ πρμμθηηκτγ b pa3nMHHbix oānacTHx απη ycKopeHna φΠΟΚΙψΠΗΙ4ΜΜ M flHB 3aryLAHBaHMfl flMCnepCMM CyCneHAMpOBaHHblX TBepAblX BeiAecTB.

Claims (29)

  1. LV 11186 IZGUDROJUMA FORMULA 1. Polimērs uz ūdeni šķīstoša polimēra bāzes, kas satur polikondensējošas funkcionālas grupas, atšķiras ar t o. ka polimēra sastāvs pēc būtības ir diskrētas daļiņas ar diametru interv ālā 200 — 4000 A.
  2. 2. Polimērs pēc punkta 1.. a t š ķ i r a s ar t o. ka tas ir sausa pulvera veidā.
  3. 3. Polimērs pēc punkta 1.. a t š ķ i r a s ar t o. ka tas ir koloida šķīduma veidā.
  4. 4. Polimērs pēc punkta 1.. a t š ķ i r a s ar t o. ka tas ir mikroemulsijas veidā.
  5. 5. Polimērs pēc punkta 1.. a t š ķ i r a s ar t o. ka funkcionālās grupas ir izraudzītas no: amido-, aldehīda-, amino-. epoksiarupām. hlorhidrina-. hidroksimetil- un N-halogēnamidogrupām.
  6. 6. Polimērs pēc punkta 1.. a t š ķ i r a s ar t o. ka ūdenī šķīstošais polimērs ir polipievienošanās tipa vinilpolimērs.
  7. 7. Polimērs pēc punkta 6., a t š ķ i r a s ar t o. ka polipievienošanās tipa vinilpolimērs satur monomēru posmus, kas izraudzīti no savienojumiem, kuri satur sekojošas grupas: akrilamītls. hidroksialkil(alk)akxilāts. N.N-dialkilammoalkil(alk)akrilāts un allilamīns.
  8. 8. Polimērs pēc punkta 1.. a t š ķ i r a s ar t o. ka daļiņu diametrs ir intervālā 200 — 4000 Ā.
  9. 9. Polimērs pēc punkta 1. a t š ķ i r a s ar t o. ka daļiņu diametrs ir intervālā 350 — īooo Ā.
  10. 10. Polimēro daļiņu pēc punkta 1. iegūšanas metode, atšķiras ar to. ka tiek izdarīta: \ a) sajaukšana 1) vismaz viena monomēra. kas spēj veidot ūdeni šķīstošu polimēru, ūdens šķīdums ar vismaz vienu komonomēm. kurš satur dubultsaiti: 2) eļļas šķīduma, kas satur vismaz vienu šķidru ogļūdeņradi: 3) virsmas aktīvas vielas vai virsmas aktīva maisījuma efektīvu daudzumu, līdz iegūst. apgrieztu emulsiju vai mikroemulsiju: (h;. stadijā (a) iegūtās emulsijas polimerizāeija. kuras rezultāta iegūst ūdeni šķīstoša polimēra emulsiju ar daļiņu izmēriem intervālā 200 — 4000 A. (c) vismaz viena funkcionālas grupas veidojoša (funkcionali/ejošai līdzekļa pievienošana stadijā (b) iegūtai polimerizēuii emulsijai: (d) funkcionālās grupas veidojoša līdzekļa reakcija ar ūdenī šķīstošu polimēru. ι i.i ιμΙΓΠγΓο uajinii pcC puilKīā i. icūuSiilĪtiS fflCtOuē.
  11. U t S Ķ i Γ ii S α 1 » ,;„ir i v, NU UCJV izdarīta: (a) sajaukšana 1) ūdens šķīduma tl.jno vismaz viena monomēra. kas spēj veidot ūdeni šķīstošu polimēru. <2.;no vismaz viena funkcionālas grupas veidojoša līdzekļa un. iespējams. rJ>. jno vismaz viena komonomēra. kurs satur dubultsaiti; 2) eļļas šķīduma, kas satur vismaz vienu šķidru ogļūdeņradi: 3) virsmas aktīvas vielas vai virsmas aktīva maisījuma efektīvu daudzumu, līdz iegūst apgrieztu emulsiju vai mikroemulsiju; (b) stadijā (a) iegūtās emulsijas apstrāde polimerizācijas un funkcionalīzes apstākļos, kuras rezultātā iegūst polimēru uz ūdenī šķīstoša polimēra bāzes ar daļiņu diametru 200 — 4000 Ā.
  12. 12.Polimēro daļiņu pēc punkta 10. iegūšanas metode, atšķiras ar t o. ka papildus tiek iekļauta stadija (e) — funkcionalizēta polimēra materiāla mikroemulsijas inversija.
  13. 13. Polimēro daļiņu pēc punkta 11. iegūšanas metode, atšķiras ar t o. ka papildus tiek iekļauta stadija (o) — funkcionalizēta polimēra materiāla mikroemulsijas inversija.
  14. 14. Polimēro daļiņu pēc punkta 10. iegūšanas metode, atšķiras ar t o. ka par monomčru kalpo akrilamīds. hidroks īalkili ulk )akr ilāts. \.N- dialkilaminoalkil(alk)akrilāts vai allilamins. t o. ka par t o. ka par t o. ka par N.N-
  15. 15. Polimēro daļiņu pec punkta 10. iegūšanas metode, atšķiras ar monomēru kalpo akrilamīds.
  16. 16. Polimēro daļiņu pēc punkta 11. iegūšanas metode, atšķiras ar monomēru kalpo akrilamīds.
  17. 17. Polimēro daļiņu pēc punkta 11. iegūšanas metode, atšķiras ar monomēru kalpo akrilamīds. hidroks ialkil(alk)akrilāts. dialkilaminoalkiltalkīakrilāis vai allilamins.
  18. 18.Polimēro daļiņu pēc punkta 1. iegūšanas metode, atšķiras ar t o. ka tiek izdarīta: (aī sajaukšana 1) vismaz viena monomēra. kas spēj veidot ūdeni šķīstošu polimēru un kurš satur funkcionālu grupu, ūdens šķīdums ar vismaz vienu komonomēru. kurš satur dubultsaiti: LV 11186 2i eļļas šķīduma, kas satur vismaz vienu šķidru ogļūdeņradi; 3) virsmas aktīvas vielas vai virsmas aktīva maisījuma efektīvu daudzumu. līdz iegūst apgrieztu emulsiju vai mikroemulsiju: (b) stadijā (a) iegūtās emulsijas polimerizācija. kuras rezultātā iegūst ūdenī šķīstoša polimēra emulsiju ar daļiņu izmēriem intervālā 200 — 4000 A.
  19. 19. Polimēro daļiņu pēc punkta IK. iegūšanas metode, atšķiras ar t o. ka par monomēru kalpo akrilamīds.
  20. 20. Polimēro daļiņu pēc punkta IK. iegūšanas metode, atšķiras ar t o. ka par monomēru kalpo akrilamīds. hidroksialkil(alk)akrilāts. N.N-diaLkilaminoalkil(aIk)akrilāts vai allilamīns.
  21. 21. Polimēro daļiņu pēc punkta 10. iegūšanas metode, atšķiras ar t o. ka funkcionālo grupu veidojošais līdzeklis ir izraudzīts no savienojumiem, kas satur amidogrupu. aldehidgrupu. ummogrupu. epoksigrupu. hlorhidrīna grupu, hidroksimetilgrupu vai N-halogēnamidogrupu.
  22. 22. Polimēro daļiņu pēc punkta 11. iegūšanas metode, atšķiras ar t o. ka funkcionālo grupu veidojošais līdzeklis ir izraudzīts no savienojumiem, kas satur aldehidgrupu. amino grupu, epoksigrupu. hlorhidrīna grupu. amidogrupu. hidroksimetilgrupu vai N-halogēnamidogrupu.
  23. 23. Polimēro daļiņu pēc punkta IK. iegūšanas metode, atšķiras ar t o. ka funkcionālā grupa ir amidogrupa. aldehidgrupu. aminogrupa, epoksigrupu. hlorhidrīna grupa, hidroksimetilgrupu vai N-halogēnamidogrupa.
  24. 24. Polimēro daļiņu pēc punkta 23. iegūšanas metode, atšķiras ar t o. ka funkcionālā grupa ir aldehidgrupu.
  25. 25. Polimēro daļiņu pēc punkta 1. iegūšanas metode, atšķiras ar t o. ka tiek izdarīta: (a) sajaukšana 1) vismaz viena monomēra. kuram ir grupa, kas spēj pārvērsties funkcionālā grupā, un kurš spēj veidot ūdeni šķīstošu polimēru (l.) patstāvīgi vai kopā ar kādu citu monomēru vai (2.) pēc pieminētās grupas pārvēršanas funkcionālā grupā; 2) eļļas šķīduma, kas satur vismaz vienu šķidru ogļūdeņradi: 3) virsmas aktīvas vielas vai virsmas aktīva maisījuma efektīvu daudzumu, līdz iegūst apgrieztu emulsiju vai mikroemulsiju: (b) stadija (a) iegūtas emulsijas polimerizācija un funkcionālas grupas veidošana, kuras rezultātā iegūst ūdenī šķīstoša polimēra emulsiju ar daļiņu izmēriem intervālā 200 — 4000 A.
  26. 26. Polimēro daļiņu pēc punkta 25. iegūšanas metode. atsķirs» a r t o. ka par monomēru kalpo uknlamids, hidroksoalkilt alk )akrilāts. N.N-dialkilaminoalkil(alk)akrilāts vai allilamīns.
  27. 27. Polimēro daļiņu pēc punkta 25. iegūšanas metode, atšķiras ar t o. ka par monomēru kalpo akrilamīds.
  28. 28. Polimēro daļiņu pēc punkta 18. iegūšanas metode, atšķiras ar to. ka papildus tiek iekļauta stadija (c) — funkcionalizēta polimēra materiāla mikroemulsijas inversija.
  29. 29. Polimēro daļiņu pēc punkta 25. iegūšanas metode, atšķiras ar to. ka papildus tiek iekļauta stadija (c) — funkcionalizēta polimēra materiāla mikroemulsijas inversija.
LVP-93-919A 1988-12-19 1993-06-30 Polymer on the basis of water soluble polymer and method of preparation thereof LV11186B (en)

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US07/428,704 US4956400A (en) 1988-12-19 1989-10-30 Microemulsified functionalized polymers

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LV11186B true LV11186B (en) 1996-08-20

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EP0374478A3 (en) 1992-05-06
EP0374478B1 (en) 1997-07-16
DE68929209D1 (de) 2000-06-15
US4956400A (en) 1990-09-11
BR8906586A (pt) 1990-09-04
EP0763547A1 (en) 1997-03-19
DE68928178T3 (de) 2003-05-28
EP0763548B1 (en) 2000-03-08
DE68929209T2 (de) 2001-01-25
LV11186A (lv) 1996-04-20
AU4688889A (en) 1990-06-21
ATE190322T1 (de) 2000-03-15
KR900009779A (ko) 1990-07-05
RU2056434C1 (ru) 1996-03-20
CA2005668C (en) 2001-07-24
EP0374478B2 (en) 2002-10-09
TW589334B (en) 2004-06-01
AU613815B2 (en) 1991-08-08
ES2143129T3 (es) 2000-05-01
DE68929175D1 (de) 2000-04-13
RU2056433C1 (ru) 1996-03-20
JP2744096B2 (ja) 1998-04-28
DE68928178D1 (de) 1997-08-21
KR0154321B1 (ko) 1998-12-01
ES2103704T5 (es) 2003-02-16
ES2143128T3 (es) 2000-05-01
EP0763547B1 (en) 2000-05-10
EP0763548A3 (en) 1997-03-26
CA2005668A1 (en) 1990-06-19
EP0374478A2 (en) 1990-06-27
EP0763548A2 (en) 1997-03-19
DE68929174D1 (de) 2000-04-13
ATE190321T1 (de) 2000-03-15
EP0764661B1 (en) 2000-03-08
SK716689A3 (en) 1998-11-04
EP0764661A3 (en) 1997-04-02
EP0764661A2 (en) 1997-03-26
ES2145963T3 (es) 2000-07-16
DE68929174T2 (de) 2000-07-13
JPH02225502A (ja) 1990-09-07
ATE155492T1 (de) 1997-08-15
DE68928178T2 (de) 1998-02-05
ES2103704T3 (es) 1997-10-01
SK279458B6 (sk) 1998-11-04
ATE192752T1 (de) 2000-05-15
GR3026043T3 (en) 1998-05-29
DE68929175T2 (de) 2000-07-13

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