LV10075B - Process for preparation of acrolein by catalytic oxidation of propylene in gas phase - Google Patents
Process for preparation of acrolein by catalytic oxidation of propylene in gas phase Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- LV10075B LV10075B LVP-92-382A LV920382A LV10075B LV 10075 B LV10075 B LV 10075B LV 920382 A LV920382 A LV 920382A LV 10075 B LV10075 B LV 10075B
- Authority
- LV
- Latvia
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- propylene
- minimum
- rpahyn
- gas
- Prior art date
Links
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract 8
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 title claims 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002510 pyrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 101100366940 Mus musculus Stom gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FONCMMCKDNCMOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO Chemical compound COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO FONCMMCKDNCMOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021094 Co(NO3)2-6H2O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100172788 Escherichia coli (strain K12) sbcB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100288095 Klebsiella pneumoniae neo gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000000421 Lepidium meyenii Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000759 Lepidium meyenii Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150096418 Mepe gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001191378 Moho Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100066898 Mus musculus Flna gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000986989 Naja kaouthia Acidic phospholipase A2 CM-II Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150089710 cpeA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150013110 katG gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000012902 lepidium meyenii Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/88—Molybdenum
- B01J23/883—Molybdenum and nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
- B01J27/19—Molybdenum
- B01J27/192—Molybdenum with bismuth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/34—Mechanical properties
- B01J35/37—Crush or impact strength
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/34—Mechanical properties
- B01J35/38—Abrasion or attrition resistance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/27—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
- C07C45/32—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen
- C07C45/33—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties
- C07C45/34—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties in unsaturated compounds
- C07C45/35—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties in unsaturated compounds in propene or isobutene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
5 LV 10075 10 15 20
CnOCOB ΠΟΠΥΗΕΗΜΡ ΑΚΡΟΠΕΜΗΑ KATAJ1HTMHECKMM OKHCJ1EHHEM ΠΡΟΠΜΠΕΗΑ B ΓΑ30Β017Ι ΦΑ3Ε
onnc AHHE 25
HaoāpeTeHMe othocmtcb κ cnoco6y nonyMeHMiļ aKponenHa KaTannTMMecKMM οκμοπθημθμ b ra30Boii φββθ nponuneHa B03flyxoM b npncyTCTBMM napoB BOflbi μ μηθρτηογο ra3a wrw npeflnommenbHee 30 OTxoflBinero ra3a peaxum, nocne οταθπθημβ KOHfleHcnpyiomMxcH κομποηθητοβ, ripu ποΒωιιίθΗΗΟϋ TeMnepaType μ οοοτηοιαθημμ Mexcfly ηρΟΠΜΠΘΗΟΜ, B03flyX0M, ΜΗθρΤΗΜΜ Γ330Μ (ΟΤΧΟβΒΙΜΜΜ Γ330Μ) Μ ΒΟΑΟΜ 1:6-9:3 -12:0-5. CUflbHO 3K30TepMMHeCKafl pBaKLļMB ΠρθΠΜΠΘΗ3 Ha 35 γθτθρογθηηομ Kaiami3aTOpe c ra30M, coflepx<amMM KucnopoA, npneopm κ o6pa30BaHMK) aKponenHa xax μθπβΒΟΓΟ npoAyxTa, a TaioKe HB)KenaTBnbHbix no6owHbix npoflyKTOB peaKumi. Μ3βθοτηο, hto 2 6naroflapa xopoweMy 0TB0fly ρθθκαμοηηογο Tenna, HanpnMep, Kox<yxo-Tpy6H0My peaKTopy, mo*ho CHH3HTb noKanbHbiii neperpee KaTann3aT0pa, a τθμ caMbiM n noBbimeHHoe o6pa30BaHne no6oHHbix npoflyKTOB. 5 flanee μ3βθοτηο, hto pa3Mepw n ΒΗβιυΗηη bha KaTann3aTopa 0Ka3biBai0T Bnn^Hne Ha ero nnoTHOCTb n cbinyMecTb. BHyTpeHHnn CTpyKTypa Kaiann3aTopa (nopucTocTb, nnma flM0$y3MOHHoro npo6era) onpeflenaeT προηηκηοβθηηθ βθιαθοτβ n Tenna b KaTami3aTop η τθμ caMbiM 0Ka3biBaeT cymecTBeHHoe βπμλημθ κβκ Ha cocTae 10 Κ3Τ3ΠΜΤΜ4Θ0ΚΜ aKTHBHOtf MaCCbl, TaK Η Ηβ ΘΘ ΟΘΠΘΚΤΜΒΗΟΟΤΒ.
BbICOKaa npOMHOCTb npM OKaTMM Μ H3H0C0CT0nK0CTb ηΒπηιοτοη Ba>KHbiM npeflBapmenbHbiM ycnosneM, htoSm μοχηο 6bino ncnonb30BaTb 3tot KaTann3aT0p b npoMbiiuneHHon πρθκτηκθ.
(lOBblUJeHHblH H3H0C ΜΟΓ 6bl ΠρΜΒΘΟΤΜ K TOMy, HTO .npM 15 ηθποπηθηηη Tpy6 KO*yxo-Tpy6Horo peaKTopa μμθπο 6bi μθοτο pacceHBaHue naAeHna αθβπθημη b οταθπβηβιχ Tpy6ax, pe3ynbTaTOM ηθγο HBMnucb 6bi pa3miHHbie προοκοκη, cnoco6cTByiomne οημ>κθημκ) cenetcTHBHocTH Kaiann3aTopa. B π3τθητθ ΦΡΓ DE-PS 31 25 061 onncbiBaeTcn cnocoā 20 nonyHeHna aKponenHa c ncnonb30BaHneM KaTann3aiopa b ο6οποηκθ. y KaTann3aiopoB b ο6οποηκθ ΟΗηχοιοτοη noKanbHbie neperpeBbi čnaroAapn TepMOBbipaBHHBaiomeMy αθμοτβμκ) MHepTHbix HoenTenen: b· OTHOcnTenbHO τοηκοη οβοηοπκβ yKopaHHBaeTca flnφφy3H0HHbl^ί npoāerflnfi ra30o6pa3Horo peareHTa. 25 B 3aflBKe ΦΡΓ DE-OS 33 38 380 onncbiBaeTcn οκηοηβΗΗθ nponnneHa po aKponenHa Ha KaTann3aTopax b βιιαθ nacTviu b φορΜθ Konbua nnn ποπηογο LinnnHApa, KOTOpbie ηθγοτοβπθηη h3 Maiepnana cofl©P>KaiMero Mo, Fe, Bi n W. 3τη KaTann3aiopbi mo>kho 6bino 6bi npeACTaBnTb xax Kaiann3aTopbi b ο6οποηκθ, 38μθημβ μηθρτηοθ ηρρο 30 KaTann3aiopa "nnepTHbiM npocTpaHCTBOM“ η οτκρ^Β o6onoHKy c Asyx npOTHBonono>KHbix οτοροΗ απη AOCTyna peareHTOB nepe3 sto npocTpaHCTBO. Πο ορθβηθημκ) c KaTann3aTopaMn β ο6οποηκθ y KaTann3aTopoB β φορΜθ KonbLļa nnn nonoro unnnHApa o6HapyxnBaeTcn yBennHeHHoe cooTHOineHne BHeiuHen ποθβρχΗΟΟτη κ o6iseMy. BnaroAapn 35 3T0My aKTMBHan Macca Kaiann3aTopa 6onee AOCTynHa Ann peareHTOB.
He3HannTenbHbie ποτβρη Aasnenna n BbicoKaa CTeneHb οτβοαθ Tenna ot KaTann3aTOpoe β ο6οποηκθ τθιοκθ ηΜββτ μθοτο. Hto6w LV 10075 3
flOCTMHb ΗΘΟβΧΟΑΜΜΟίί ΜΘΧβΗΜΗΘΟΚΟίί Π pOMHOCTM “nOnblX
KaTann3aTopoB“, ai<THBHyio Maccy cunbHO ©κμμθιοτ, hto b cboio onepeflb OKa3biBaeT OTpuuaienbHoe βπμηημθ Ha BHyTpeHmoto CTpyKTypy.
KaiannaaTopbi b βμαθ KonbAa, οαηθκο, c OKpyrnbiMM 5 nepeAHUMH nnocKociaMU απα ynyHweHHfl 3anonHaeMOCTM, onncbiBaKDTca b EsponeMCKoti 3aaBKe EP-OS 0 184 790, πρμηθμ ηθ yxa3aHbi hh Macca KaTann3aiopa, hm cneunanbHbw cnoco6 πο/ψηθημα, b MacTHOCTn, ηθ npeACTaBneHbi ycnoBna αοοτκ>κθημα cneuManbHO ynyHUjeHHoii βη^ρθηηθμ CTpy«rypbi. 10 HTo6bi aKTHBHyto Maccy mo>kho 6bino ncnonb30BaTb onTHManbHO, BHyipeHHyifl CTpy«Typa Kaiann3aTopa αοπ>κη3 6biTb ποοτροθΗβ τθκ, moSbi BbicoKoPi CKopocTH pea«unn ηθ npenaTCTBOBano npoHHKHOBeHHe BemecTB BHyTpb KaTann3aiopa. B EeponeficKoii 3a^BKe EP-OS 0 279 374 onncaH cnocoS 15 nonyHeHM« KaTann3aiopa, coAepx<ainero Mo, Fe, Bi m xapaKTepn3yioiAerocfl yAenbHoii ποβθρχηοοτβκ), o6beMOM πορ m KpHBOii pacnpeAeneHkia nop. Οαηθκο no ycnoBM«M θκοπθρμμθητθ nacTHLtbi KaTami3aTopa MoryT HMeTb noHTM wapoBWAHyio φopMy, τ.θ. oneHb ManeHbKoe 20 ΟΟΟΤΗΟΙΒΘΗΜΘ ΠΟΒθρΧΗΟΟΤΜ K 06beMy, ΠΜβΟ CaMM AOJPKHbl 6blTb OHeHb ManeHbKMMM. 3Τ0 yCJlOBM0 0Γρ3ΗΜΗΜΒ3βΤ npOMblliifieHHOe ncnonb30BaHne KaTann3aTopa M3-3a 6onbujnx noiepb α3βπθημη.
KaTann3aTopbi, πρμμθηαθμηθ m nonyHeHHbie μ3βθοτηβιμμ CnOCOSaMM, ΜΜΘΙΟΤ HeKOTOpbie ΗΘΑΟΟΤΘΤΚΜ OTHOCMTenbHO BblCKa3aHHOii 25 TOHKM 3peHna. BnaroAapa Mcnonb30BaHMto pa3nMHHbix no φορΜθ nacTMiļ Kaiann3aTopa αοοτμγθθτοη πμ6ο coKpameHiie αμΦΦ73μοηηογο npo6era μ ΟΗΜΧΘΗΜΘ HOKanbHOrO ΠθρθΓρθΒβ, Πϋ6θ OnTMManbHOe HCnOnb30BaHHe βοθγο o6beMa KaTann3aTopa čnaroAapa ero npoxoAHUļeii βηυγρθηηθη CTpyKType. OTAenbHbie npnei\/ibi τθκογο poAa npnBOAnnn κ TOMy, hto 30 ncnonb30BaHne Taxnx xaTami3aTopoB cnocoācTBOBano He3HaHMTenbHOMy yBennHeHHK) npon3BOAHTenbHocTM npti nonyHeHMM aKponeHHa no οτηοιιιθημκ) k ncnojib30BaHHOMy o6beMy KaTann3aTOpa. 3to npMHOcuno 3HannTenbHbie y6biTKM c θκοηομμηθοκομ tohkm 3peHMfl, T3K xax KOMneHCHpoBaTb ncnonb30BaHne čonbīuoro μ αορογοοτοηιμθγο 35 peaKTopa μοχηο προβθαθημθμ peatciļm c πρμμθηθημθμ KaTann3aiopOB c BbieoKHM oābeMHbiM HanonHeHHeM. 4 LļeriblO Μ3θ6ρθΤΘΗΜΗ ΑΒΠΗΘΤΟΗ C03flaHMe ynyHLUeHHOrO cnocoāa nonyHeHHH aKponenHa κθτθπμτμηθοκμμ b ra30B0M φθ3θ οκηοπθημη nponuneHa B03flyxoM, b kotopom npncyTCTByioT βοααημθ napbi m MHepTHbiii ra3 nn6o (mto πρθαπομτιλτθπβηθθ) οτχοαηιαμμ ra3 5 peaKLimi nocne yAaneHna H3 ηθγο KOHfleHCnpyiomiixcfl κομποηθητοβ, πρμμθηηιοτοα BbicoKne TeMnepaīypbi n ncnonb3yeTc« cneAytom0e ΟΟΟΤΗΟΙΗΘΗΜΘ Me>Kfly ΠΡΟΠΜΠΘΗΟΜ, B03flyX0M, MHepTHbIM rapOM (οτχοαλιμμμ ra30M) m BOfloii: 1: 6-9: 3-12: 0-5.
Bbino HaiiAeHO, hto c τθκμμ KaTanM3aTopoM, κοτορωίί 10 o6naAaeT οπτμμθπβηβιμ χμμμηθοκμμ cociaBOM m KOTopbiii nonyHaioT, Mcno/ib3yfl HOBbiii cnoco6, c >xenaeMOM ΒΗθίυΗβίί φορΜΟίί n βη^ρθηηθμ CTpyKTypoii, μοχηο paāoīaib 6θ3 οημ>κθημα ero ceneKTMBHOCTH, πριίΜΘΗΛΑ onpBAeneHHbiii μητθρβθπ T©MnepaTyp ΙΛ ΠΡΟΒΟΑΛ npouecc ΠΟΑ He6onbujMM μ36βιτοηηημ α3βπθημθμ πρκ oneHb BbicoKoii yAenbHofi 15 Harpy3Ke. Kaiann3aTop n ero nonyHeHMe 3aaBneHbi b ηθμθακομ naTeme P 39 30 533.3 (89 177 KY).
Cnoco6 comacHO naieHTy οτπμηθθτοη, b ηθοτηοοτμ, τθμ, mto ra3006pa3Hbie BemecTBa mo>kho nponycKaTb npn 300-380°C m aācontOTHOM α^βπθηm 1,4-2,2 6ap Mepe3 Maccy KaTann3aTopa, 20 MMeiomero cocTaB M012, Feo,4-4,0. Coo,4-4,0. Nil ,0-9,0. BiO.2-2,0. P(As)o,2-2,0. K (Rb,Cs)o-0,1. Smo-1,0. Si5-40Ox, npuneM «ρθμημμ ΠρβΑΟΤβΒΠΘΗ Β BUfle ΠΙφΟΓΘΗΗΟίί ΜΠΜ BblCOKOAUCnepCHOii OCattAeHHOfi κρβΜΗΜθΒοίί KucnoTbi, KM3enbrypa, TOHKOAncnepcHoro cunuKaia antoMMHHfl, npenMymecTBeHHo β φορΜβ μοητμορμπποημτθ, a Macca 25 KaTann3aiopa πρθαοτθβπθηθ β φορΜΘ rpaHynnpoBaHHoro cbinyHero npoAyKTa c onncaHHbiMM ημχθ οβομοτβθμμ: a) rpaHynbi Kaiann3aTopa MOiyr 6biTb ntoāoii γθομθτρμμθοκοΡι φορΜυ, cooTHOLueHne βηθ^ηθμ ποβθρχηοοτκ Op κ o6beMy Vp KOTopbix Bbiiue 1,6 mm'1 , a AnaMeTp μθηθθ 7,5 mm; 30 6) MMHMManbHafi nopucTOCTb rpaHyn KaTann3aTOpa 0,46; OTCyTCTBHe ΜΜΚρΟΠΟρ ( < 2HM), MMHHMaribHblM θ6ΐ>ΘΜ ΜΘ30Π0ρ (2-30 hm) 0,03 ομ3/γ, a TaioKe MMHUManbHbifi o6teM Μβκροπορ ( >30 hm) 0,30 ομ3/γ; b) nnoTHOCTb rpaHyn KaTann3aTopa no pTyrn, 1,25 γ/cm3; 35 r) MMHHManbHaH yAenbHaa ποβθρχηοοτβ no BET 10 M^/r; A) MMHMManbHblH ΠρθΑΘΠ ΠρΟΗΗΟΟΤΜ 6,0 H; e) MCTMpaHMe μθηθθ 50 μγ/γ; LV 10075 5 x) noTepu flaBjieHMfl μθηθθ 1600 na/M cnofl KaTann3aTopa, BHOCMMOTO B Tpy6y ΑΜβΜΘΤρΟΜ 2 CM, ΠρΜΗΘΜ yAe/lbHafl Harpy3Ka ycTaHaBnnBaeTC« npn nponycKaHMM 2-8 μοπλ nponeHa/flM^ cnoa Kaiann3aTopa/Hac. 5 y KaTann3aTopa, nonyMBHHoro cnocočoM, oni/icaHHbiM b Μ3θ6ρθΤθΗΜΜ, o6HapyxnBaeTCfl orpoMHoe npenMymecTBO b OTHOiueHMu AOCTMraeMoro ο61ϊΘμηογο BbixoAa npn ncnojib30BaHnn bcbx OKMcnmenbHbix CMeceii, npeAnaraeMbix απη οκμοπθημα nponuneHa b ra30B0ū φ33β. AKTMBHOCTb, Tpe6yeMa« f)na BbicoKoro oSteMHoro 10 BbixoAa, μοχθτ nposīBnaTbCJi 6naroAap« 6naronpMHTHOMy coothohjbhmk) MexAy BHeuJHeii noBepxHOCTbio μ ο6ϊ>θμομ m BHyTpeHHeii crpyKTypoii. noBbiiueHHoe cooTHomeHMe ποΒβρχΗοστΜ w oābeMa cnoco6cTByeT xopomeMy AOCTyny peareHTOB κ KaTannTMHecKu βκτμβηομ Macce m coKpamaeT An00y3MOHHbiii npo6er. OnTHManbHafl BHyTpeHHflfl 15 CTpyKTypa cnoco6cTByeT TOMy, hto An00y3noHHoe conpoTMBneHne BHyTpn KaTann3aTopa oneHb He3HaHtiTenbH0. Bnaropapsļ 3T0My BbicoKaa aKTMBHOCTb, o6ycnoBneHHa5i 6onbiiJoiS Β*ψτρβΗΗθίί noBepxHOCTbK>, ncnonb3yeTca MaKCMManbHO. B npMHLļnne, ποημχθηηοθ An00y3noHHoe conpoTMBneHne BHyTpw KaTann3aTopa TaiOKe OKa3bieaeT 6naronpnHTHoe 20 BnuflHne na ceneKTMBHOCTb Kaiann3aTOpa. TpaHynbi KaTami3aiopa cornacHo M3o6pefeHmo Moryr MMeTb nio6yio reoMeTpnHecKyio 0opMy. (IpMMepbi Hančonee πρθαπομτμτθγ^ηβιχ φορΜ rpaHyn npeACTasneHbi Ha pncyHKe.
BapnaHT KaTann3aTopa, BbiSpaHHbiii απα SKcnepuMeHTa, 25 coctomt M3 Maccbi cneAyKDinero cocrasa: M012. Feo,6-2,0. Coo,6-2,0. Ni2,0-6,0. Bio,5-1,5. P(As)o,5-1,5.K(Rb, Cs)o,001-0,5. Smo,02-0,1.
Sil0-30Ox, ΠΡΜΗΘΜ ΚρθΜΗΜΜ ΠρθΑΟΤβΒ/ΙΘΗ B φΟρΜΘ ΠΜρΟΓΘΗΗΟΓΟ Sl’02 Μ MOHTMopunnoHHTa β βθοοβομ cooTHOiuemiM οτ 1 : 0,5 αο 1 : 4. Πρκ θτομ AOxa3aHa uenecoo6pa3HOdb ncnorib30BaHMfl MOHTMOpunnOHHTa nocne 30 TepMOo6pa5oTKM, yAenbHa* noBepxHOCTb κοτοροΓΟ no BET ημχθ 2,0 μ2/γ. Οοο6θηηο BbiroAHO npoBOAHTb peaKumo b xoxyxo-Tpy6Hbix peaKTopax, Tpy6bi κοτορ^χ μμθιοτ BHyipeHHnii A^aMeTp 16-25 mm.
CornacHo M3o6peTeHMto pj]f\ nonyHeHUfl KaTann3aTopa: 35 a) cMeniHBatoT cycneH3mo KonpeLļunmaTa, nonyHeHHyto
Μ3ΒΘ0ΤΗ0Μ CnOCOSOM H3 paCTBOpOB ΟΟΠΘΪί ΙΟΤΘΠΜΤΚΗΘΟΚΜ aKTMBHblX βθιαθοτβ (κροΜβ Si) m HepacTBOpuMoro KpeMHniicoAepxaLiļero τβθραογο 6
BemecTea, 3aTeM cycn©H3MK) cywaT pacnbīneHMOM, npM stom HaManbnaa TeMnepaTypa B03Ayxa απη cyiuKM cocTaBnaoT 300-600°C, a TeMnepaTypa npM canapaLļmi Bbicyuj0HHoro nopoiuKa 120-220°C, κροΜθ τογο, ncnonb30BaHa TaKaa MmeHCMBHOCTb pacnbmoHMa, hto6w nonynanMCb 5 rpaHynw co cpeAHMM AnaMeTpoM μθηθθ 30 μΜ, πρμηθμ βρθμα npeObiBaHua rpaHyn b pacnbmMTenbHOM KaMepe οοοτθβπαθτ οτ 2 ao 25 ceicyHA; 6) cyxnB rpaHynbi ηροκβΠΜΒβιοτ β πθημ, πρθαποητμτθπβηο b TpyāHaToii BpamaiomeMca πθημ, ripu βρθμθημ npe6biBaHMB οτ 5 ao 60 10 MMHyr m M3KCMMyMe TeMnepaiyp οτ 320 ao 480°C; b) npoKaneHHbie rpaHynw c 5-40% eec. (no οτηοιιιθημιο κ KomiHecTBy rpaHyn) nopoo6pa30BaTenfl, nonHOCTbio pa3JioxnBLuerocB npM TeMnepaType ημχθ 400°C, m c 3KCTpyAMp0BaHH0M Maccoii, οοαθρχοιαθμ cMaHMBaTe/ib, μηγημτθπβ m CBa3yK)mee βθιαθοτβο, αοπλ 15 KOTOpblX ΟΟΟΤΘΒΠΒΘΤ ΗΘ 6θΠΘΘ 40% BBC. ΟΤ ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΘ rpaHy/l, 3KCTpyAMpyK)T β βμαθ >κθπ3Θμομ γθομθτρμηθοκομ φορΜΝ πρΜ T3MnepaType ημ>κθ 80°C μ AaeneHMM ημ>κθ 50 6ap, a 3KCTpyAnpyeMbifl χιγτ αθπλτ, pa3pe3aB Ha rpaHy/ibi ηθο6χοαμμομ απμημ; r) 3KCTpyAnpoBaHHbie OTAenbHbie rpaHynbi cyiuaT μ ποτομ 20 οοτορο>ΚΗθ o6>KMraiOT β πθημ, πρβΑποΗΤΜΤΘΠΒΗΟ β Tpy6naTOM BpamatomeMOB, pa3naratomuMCH κομποηθητ, βρθμη npečbieaHMa rpaHyn Β ΠΘΗΜ OT 5 AO 60 MMHyT, a 33ΤΘΜ 0Τ>ΚΜΓ3Ι0Τ ΠρΜ MaKCMMa/lbHOM T0MnepaType οτ 450 ao 650°C b ποτοκθ B03Ayxa. Θτοτ cnoco6 nonyH0HM« KaTann3aTopa, no cym0CTBy, coctomt 25 M3 K0M6nHaunn pacnbmMTenbHoPi cyniKM μοχοαηογο MaTapMana npM onp0Aen©HHbix ycnoBnax, npoM©>KyTOHHoro οόκμγθ ημχθ AOCTMraoMoii TeMn©paTypbi ηθπρηχθημη, 3KCTpy3MM npoKan©HHbix rpaHyn c onp©Aen0HHbiM κοπμηθοτβομ nopoo6pa3OBaT0nfl μ ογρθημηθηηβιμ
BeCOBbIM ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΟΜ 06blHHblX BCnOMOraT0HbHblX epOACTB ΑΠ« 30 n©p0pa6oTKM m 33κπιοημτθπβηογο οτοκμγθ Ha B03Ayxe npM noBbimeHHOM MHTBpBan© T0Mn©paTyp. Υαο6ηο to, ητο b ιοηθοτβθ nopoo6pa30BaT©nfl MCnonb3y0TCfl TBepAbIM ΠΘΗΤ33ρΜΤρΜΤ CO Cp©AHMM Α^3ΜΘΤρθΜ HaCTMLļ ΜΘΗΘΘ 40 MM. Hap«Ay c nOHTaapMTpMTOM B KaH0CTB0 nOpOO6pa3OBaT0nH MOryT 6blTb MCn0i1b30BaHbl ΤβΙΟΚΘ ποροΐυοκ μθΠΠ(0Π03ΒΙ, Μ0ΗΘΒΜΗ3, 35 uļaBanBBaa KMC/iOTa μ ποπμβμημποββιμ οπΜρτ.
Bnaropapa pacnbīnMTonbHOM cyiuK© cycn©H3Mfl κοηρθΐ4ΜΠΜΤ3Τ3 coAep>KMT npM οπρθΑθΠθΗΗΜχ ycn0BMHX οφθρΜΗθΟΚΜθ rpaHynbi c LV 10075 7
BbICOKOM BHyTp©HH©M nOpMCTOCTblO, HTO Π03Β0/1ΒΘΤ nonynaTb KaTann3aTopbi c 6onbiuoit BHyTpeHHeii noBepxHOCTbK). IlocpeflCTBOM npoMe>KyTOHHoro oāaoira yflan«iOTCB M3 πθρβμηηηχ rpaHyn bc© pa3nO)KMBUJlieCB KOMnOHeHTbl, HTO OflHaKO npn 3aKmOHMTenbHOM ΟΤ)ΚΜΓΘ 5 ΗΘ npUBOflMT K ΟΗΜΧΘΗΜΚ) npOHHOCTM.
Bnaroflapfl Hanunmo nopoo6pa3oeaieneii, Ao6aBnfl©Mbix b npopecce 3KCTpy3nw, πρθαποητμτθπβηθθ AoSaBKa b nepBMHHbie rpaHynbi, npn 3aKJiK)HMTenbHOM οτ>κμγθ o6pa3y©Tca uenaa cncTBMa MaKponop, cnoco6cTByK)maB ynyHUj©HMK) AOCTyna peareHTOB κ BbicoKO 10 aKTMBHblM Me30n0pHCTblM nepBUHHblM HaCTUpaM. npn 3KCTpy3MH MO>KHO BBOflMTb B Κ3ΗΘ0ΤΒΘ ΜΒΓΗΜΤΘΠΒ KepocnH μπμ BOfly, a b KanecTB© CManHBaTena m CBB3yK>mero (mam μβγημτθπβ) 1 - 10%-HbiPi (eec.) BOflHbiii pacTBop MeTM/menniono3bi, npeAnoHTMTenbHee b φορΜβ 3Mynbcmi mna m/b, πμ6ο b KanecTB© 15 ΜΗΓΗΜΤΘΠΗ - CyXOM nOpOUJOK ΜΘΤΜΠΙ4ΘΠΠΚ)Π03ΒΙ. 3aKniOHiiTenbHbiM οίοκμγ npn 450-650°C ΒκηιοΗββτ b ce6a npouecc npeflBapmenbHoro οοτοροχΗΟΓΟ o6>Knra bo BpeMa HarpeBa. 06>κμγ μ οτ>κμγ 3KCTpyflnpoBaHHbix OTflenbHbix rpaHyn mo>kho TaioKe BbiflenuTb b OTflenbHbie npoueccbi. B o6onx cnyHaflx μμθιοτ μθοτο 20 xopowne pe3ynbiaTbi, Korfla npouecc BbDKuraHMB npOBOflflT b πρΑΜΟτοκβ (3KCTpyAnpoBaHHbie rpaHynbi n B03flyiiJHbiii ποτοκ abm^tcb napannenbHO Apyr flpyry), a MaKcuManbHaa TeMnepaTypa BbixiiraHMfl 400°C. ripu ncnonb30BaHnn Ha3eaHHbix KaTanw3aTopoB απα 25 OKMcneHUB nponnn©Ha ao aKponemna b B03AywHoii cpeA© αο/ιχημ coSmoAaTbCB ecē ycnoBna npoiļecca, KOTopbie cnoco6cTByioT BbicoKofi np0M3B0AMT3nbH0CTM. jļanee μ3ο6ρθτθημθ ποβοηβθτοβ ημ>κθ μ3ποχθηηημμ npMMepaMM μ pwcyHKaMM. OTAenbHbie φΜΓγρΗ Ha pncyHKax noKa3biBaioT 30 npeAnoHTmenbHbie reoMeTpunecKue φopMbι rpaHyn KaTann3aTopoB. napaMeipbi, yKa3aHHbie b npnMepax απλ KaTammTOpos, οπρθΑβπΒίοτοΒ cn©AyK)iiļMM o6pa30M: 1) OnpeAeneHne nopMCTOCTn: OHa paccHMTbiBaeTca no ρτγτΜ μ γθπμμ; 35 nopucTOCTb = (1 - nnoTHOCTb Hg/nnoTHOCTb He) x 100 / BennHHHa 6e3pa3MepHaa/ 8 ’TlopiiCTocTb” onpepenneTcn Kak npoueHTHan nacrb oSbeMa nycTOT Maccbi KaTami3aTopa ot oāmero očteMa KaTann3aiopa. 2) ΟπρθρθΠθΗΜθ o6teMa Μθβοπορ:
Barret E.P., Joysur L.G., Halenda P.P. 5 J.Amer. Chem. Soc., 73(1951), S.373
Onpe,qeneHne očteMa MaKponop: ΜΘΤΟβΟΜ ρτγΤΗΟΜ ΠΟρΟΜΘΤρΜΜ Ha Πθρθ3ΜΜΘΤρθ-200 (ļ)MpMbl Kapno-3p6a npn flaBneHim flo 1000 6ap. 4) OnpefleneHne Kax<ymeMCfl πποτηοοτμ KaTanM3aTOpa, 10 πποτηοοτμ no pTym (KaxymancH πποτηοοτβ) μ πποτηοοτμ no γθπμκ» (MCTMHHan nnOTHOCTb).
Ka>KymaflCfl nnoTHOCTb onpepenneTcn τθκμμ o6pa30M: npHMaa CTanbnan Tpy6xa c BHyTpeHHMM αμθμθτρομ’ 20 mm paBHOMepHO 3anonHfleTcn b τθηθημθ 1 mmh. 200 r KaTanM3aTopa, 3θτθμ μ3μθρπθτοη 15 BbicoTa nonyHBHHoro cnon KaTanMaaTopa. nnoTHOCTb no ρτγτΜ onpepenneTcn τβκ: b πμκηομθτρ ο6ϊ»θμομ 25 μπ BBOflflT 2 r Kaiann3aTopa, μ3μθπβηθηηογο μο pa3Mepa nacTMu 200 μΜ, ποτομ ΠΗΚΗΟΜΘτρ TUļaienbHO 33ποπηπθτοπ pTyTbio. 3Han Maccy pTyTM, HB06X0flMM0M flHfl 33Π0ΠΗβΗΜΠ ΠΜΚΗΟΜΘΤρβ, C πρθ6θΜ 20 KaTann3aiopa m 6e3 Hee, a τθιοκθ Maccy npo6bi caMoro KaTanM3aiopa, onpepenniOT nnoTHOCTb no piyTn (μπμ Kaxyu4yK>cn nnoTHOCTb) KaianM3aiopa. (InoTHOCTb. no renrno (μπμ MCTMHHyio πποτηοοτβ) Maccbi KaianM3aTopa οπρβμθππιοτ c noMOiiļbio B03flyiiJHoro nMKHOMeTpa 25 cpaBHBHMn SeKMaHa. 5) ΟπρβΑβπθΗΜθ BET - ποΒβρχΗΟΟΤΜ Ha DIN 66131 (M3MepMTenbHbiM ra3 N2): ycnoBMfl HarpeeaHMn: cywKa -15 Hacoe npM 100° flera3ai4Mn -1 nac b Ba«yyMe npM 200°C. 30 6) OnpefleneHMe npeflena προηηοοτμ: M3M6p6HM6 npoBOflHT nepneHflMKynnpHO HanpaeneHMio 3KCTpy3MM c noMOUļbio npnāopa TBA-28 Erweka, 6epyT ορββΗΘβρΜφΜθΤΜΗβοκοθ 3HaseHMe M3 100 OTflenbHbix 3aMepoe ± CTaHpapTHoe οτκποηθημθ. 35 7) OnpefleneHMe MCTMpaHMn:
Μ3ΜβρβΗΜβ προΒομπτ c noMouļbK) npMāopa TA3- P Poc e, HaeecKa 50 r, nponon>KMTenbHOCTb o6pa6oTKM 5 mmh.; pe3ynbTaT 5 LV 10075 10 15 20 25 30 9 oueHMBaeTCfl no MCTupaHmo nacTnu KaTanimiopa μθηθθ 1 mm b μγ/γ KaTann3airopa. 8) Οπρθαθπθημθ πθαθημη flaB/ieHna: b Tpy6Ky c BHyTpeHHHM αμθμθτρομ 2 cm, KOTopaa b ημχηθμ κοηι4Θ 3aKpbna προβοποηηομ οθτκομ, paBHOMepHo ββοαατ b τθηθημθ MMHyTbi τβκοθ κοπμηθοτβο KaTann3aTopa, ητο6μ Bbicoia cnoa Kaiann3aiopa cocTaBnana 1 m. Hepe3 stot chom nponycKaiOT 1 HM^/nac B03flyxa npn 20°C m M3MepaioT πθαθημθ αθβπθημπ. 9) Οπρθαθπθημθ pa3MepoB rpaHyn: ero npoBOflBT c noMOLLļbfo rpaHynoMeTpa 715 CILAS. B KanecTBe cycneH3M0HH0M χμακοοτμ Mcnonb3yiOT STaHon. flna pa3pyujeHna arnoMepaTOB πρμμθηηιοτ ynbipa3ByK b τθηθημθ 1 mmh. 10) Οπρθαθπθημθ KaTanμτμηθοκμχ cbomctb: 3<ļ>(f>eKTMBH0CTb TBepAblX KaTanM3aTOpOB ΟΠρθΑΘΠΛΙΟΤ B peaKUMOHHOM Tpy6xe c BHyTpeHHMM α^θμθτρομ 20,5 mm, KOTOpaa CHapy>KM oxnaxAaeTca οοπθβομ BaHHoii, npn απμηθ cnoa KaianM3aTopa 250 cm nocpeACTBOM peaKLļMM npeepameHMa nponeHa β axponeMH. PeaKUMio προβοαλτ, pacxoAyn 5,8 μοπθμ nponeHa/Hac, 43,5 Mona B03Ayxa/Hac, 34,8 Mona οτχοα^ιμθγο ra3a [cociaBa: 5% O2,1% nponena, 94% MHepTHoro ra3a (CO2, CO, N2, Ar, nponaH)] m 2,9 Mona H20/nac npM αθβπθημμ Ha βχοαθ b Tpy6Ky 1,8 6ap. ycTaHOBneHHaa TeMnepaTypa coneBofi BaHHbi, MaKCMManbHO yAep>KMBaeMbiM nepenaA TeMnepaiyp (3K30TepMa) b cepeAMHe Tpy6KM, οτθπθηβ npeepameHMa μ ββιχοα npoAyKra npeACTaB/ieHbi β τθδπΜΑθ 3. npM 3tom onp©AenaioT BblXOA 3Κρ0ΠΘΜΗ3 (%) ΚΘΚ Monh/sac o€pa3yiou(erocH βκροπβΜΗβ ---- x 100 Monb/sac nponymeHHoro nponuneHa BbixoA aKpiinoBOM κμοποτη (%) κθκ Monb/nac o6pa3yK)ineīica aKpunoBoii KucnoTbi -- x 100 Monb/sac nponymeHHoro nponuneHa οτθπθηβ npeepameHMa nponMneHa (%) xax Monb/nac Bbixofliuyero M3 peaiaļHOHHoii τργβκκ nponuneHa (1- ----) Χ100 Monb/nac nocTynaiomero b peaKiļnoHHyio Tpy6«y nponunaHa 35 10 5 ceneKTMBHOCTb aKponenHa (%) κβκ Bbixofl aKponenHa --x 100 οτθπθηβ npeepauieHMB nponuneHa ceneKTMBHOCTb aKpnnoBoii kmchotu (%) κβκ Bbixofl aKpunoBoū KucnoTbi -_---x 100 cTeneHb npeBpauieHMB nponuneHa 10 m npOM3BOflMTenbHOCTb iok r/sac o6pa3yio[iļerocfl aKponenHa -- χ ioo flM3 cnofl Kaiann3aT0pa HM>KecneflyK)UļMe npMMepbi KacaiOTcn ποπυηθημη m 15 ΠΡΜΜΘΗΘΗΜΒ Κ3Τ3ΠΜ33Τ0ρ0Β, ΓίρΜΒΘΑΘΗΗΒΙΧ B ΤβδΠΜΑΘ 1.
KaTanM3aTop cocTaBa, yKa3aHHoro b Ta6nMue 1 b npMMepe 1, npeflCTaBneH Ha φΜΓ. 1 b γθομθτρμηθοκομ φορΜθ III. ΠρΜΜθρ1. 20
KonpeiļMnMTaT απλ nonyH6HMn βκγμβηομ φa3bι KaTanM3aTopa, C0Aep>KaiAnii 484,8 r Fe(N03)3 x 9H20, 291,0 rCo(N03)2 x 6 H2O, 1163,2 r Ni(N03)2 x 6H2O m 2,5 Γ KNO3 25 pacTBopntOT b 3,1 π βοαμ m npM nepeMeujMBaHMu npex<Ae Bcero AoāaBnnioT pacTBop 17,4 r Sm203 b 106 r KOHuemrpvīpoBaHHOM HNO3. K 9T0My pacTBopy πρΜδβΒπηιοτ πρπ AanbHeMUjeM ΠθρθΜΘΙΙΙΜΒβΗΜΜ 601 Γ BbICOKOAMCnepCHOM ΙφθΜΗΜβΒΟΜ KMCHOTbl (AapocMn 200) m 1202 r TepMOo6pa5oTaHHoro μοητμορμπποημτθ (yA. noBepxHOCTb no B3T 1 μ2/γ.
B AenMTenbHoii βοροηκθ γοτοβλτ πρπ 60°C pacTBop 2118,6 r (NH4)6 M07O24 x 6H2O b 2,7 π H2O 30 Μ ΠρΜ ΜΗΤβΗΟΜΒΗΟΜ ΠΘρβΜΘΙΙΙΜΒβΗΜΜ npM6aBnfllOT 92,2 Γ 85%-hom H3PO4. riocne θτογο 06a pacTBopa πρπ μητθηομβηομ πθρθμθιιιμβ3ημμ cnMBatOT ΒΜβοτβ μ ΑοδβΒπηιοτ 242,5 r Bi (Νθ3)3 χ 5H2O b 8,2%-Ηοίί HN03. nonyHeHHyK3 cycneH3MKD cyiuaT b pacnbīnuTenbHOM cyuiKe npM TeMnepaType Ha βχοαθ B03Ayxa 550°C. OTHOiueHMe KonMnecTBa B03Ayxa κ pacnbinneMOMy KonMnecTBy cycneH3MM ycTaHaBnMBaiOT tbkmm o6pa30M, HTOčbi T6MnepaTypa Ha BbixoAe noAAepx<MBanacb Ha ypoBHe 35 LV 10075 11 170°C, a ΚΟΠΜΗΘΟΤΒΟ CyCneH3MM γ0Τ3Η3ΒΠΜΒ3Κ)Τ ΤβΚΟΘ, HT06bl BpBMfl npečbiBaHMB rpaHyn b pacnbīnMTenbHOM cyiuMnKe orpaHMHMBanocb 6 cgk. HHTeHCMBHOCTb pacnbīneHMa Bbi6npaioT τβκ, HTo6bi cpeflHMii fluaMeTp o5pa3yioiiļiixcB rpaHyn dp 6bin paBBH 25 μΜ. BbicyujeHHbie rpaHynbi 5 npoKanuBaioT b τργδπβτοίί BpamaiomeMca πθημ npn βρθμθημ npeābiBaHua 30 mmh. m MaKCMManbHoii TGMnepaType rpaHyn 420°C. 1,6 κγ npoKaneHHbix rpaHyn noflaK)T b CMecnTenb-3KCTpyflep n nepeMeiuMBatOT 5 mmh. c 0,4 κγ neHTaspMTpMTa ("τοηκογο noMona”) co cpeflHMM μΜ3ΜβτροΜ HacTMLļ dp = 40μΜ. B 3Ty CMecb AoāaBnaiOT 493 r 10 6%-ηογο (eec.) pacTBOpa τμπο3μ, b κοτοροΜ npeABapMTenbHO 3MynbrMpyioT 26,6 r KepocMHa. 3Ta Macca nepeMeujMBaeica ao τθχ nop, riOKa Ηβ ΑΟΟΤΜΓΗΘΤ ΓΟΜΟΓΘΗΗΟΓΟ ΠΠ30ΤΜΗΗ0Γ0 COCTOflHMfl. ΠΟΤΟΜ ΟΠΘΑΥβΤ 3KCTpy3MB npM αββπθημμ 10 6ap μ T6MnepaType 30°C 3KCTpyAMpyeMOM MaCCbl. 15 3KCTpyAMpoBaHHbiM nonbīii >Kiyr no ηθο6χοαμμοοτμ pex<yT Ha
HaCTM ΠΟ 5 MM, Hap33aHHbie KOnblļa ΑΜβΜΘΤρΟΜ 5 MM, ΑΠΜΗΟΜ 5 MM M BHyrpeHHMM ΑΜβΜθτροΜ 1,8 mm οοτοροχΗΟ cywaT npM 80°C.
BbicyiueHHbi3 KonbLļa bboaht b npeABapMTenbHO HarpeTyio Bpa^aK)myK)cn Tpy6y c hmchom οδοροτοΒ 2 mmh.-1, a M36brroK B03Ayxa 20 SnaroAapn BpameHMK» Tpy6bi pa3orpeBaeT cnoii κοπβμ ao MaKCMManbHoii TGMnepaTypbi 600°C. ΠρΜ stom epeMB npečbiBaHMB bo BpamaiomeMcn Tpy6e οοοτθβπηθτ 30 mmh. flaHHbie ΠΟ ΦμΒΜΗΘΟΚΜΜ CBOMCTBaM Κ3Τ3ΠΜ33Τ0ρ0Β, M3MepeHHbiM Ha nepBOM 3Tane, οβθαθημ b τβδπΜμγ 2, a aKTMBHOCTb 25 KaTanM3aTopa npM nonyneHMM aKponeMHa npeACTaBneHa b Ta6nMLļe 3. ΠρΜΜβρ 2. ΚοηρθμΜΠΜτβτ θκτμβηομ 0a3bi KaTanM3aiopa nonyHaiOT, cyiuaT, npoKanMBaiOT m 3aieM nepeMeiuMBarai b CMecMTene-3KCTpyAepe Tax xe, KaK m b npMMepe 1. 3κοτργ3Μΐο προβοαητ npM αββπθημμ 15 6ap μ 30 TeMnepaiype 3KCTpy3MOHHOM Maccbi 32°C. 3KCTpy3M0HHbm xryT no ΗθοβχοΑΜΜοστΜ pa3pe3aK)T Ha nacTM no 5 mm (c})opMa VI Φμγ. 2), Hape3aHHbie τργδοπκπ KaTanM3aiopa cyiuaT m o6>KMraK)T bo BpauiatomeMcn Tpy6e, KaK b npMMepe 1. B npMMepe 3 KaianM3aTop μμθθτ tot xe cociaB, hto m b 35 npMMepe 1, γθομθτρμηθοκθη φορΜβ II, npeACTaBneHHan Ha Φμγ. 1. 12 ΠρΜΜθρ 3. Β ΟΟΟΤΒΘΤΟΤΒΜΜ C πρΜΜβρΟΜ 1 ΚΟΠρβΑΜΠΜΤΘΤ 3ΚΓΜΒΗ0Μ φθ3Μ KaTann3aTOpa nonyHaiOT, cyiuaT, προκβπΜΒθίοτ m nepeMetUMBaiOT β CMecmene 3KCTpyAepe a ο αοοτμχθημα γομογθηηογο nnacTHHHoro cocTOflHMfl. 9KCTpy3mo προβοαλτ npn paBneHHM 15 6ap m TeMnepaType 3KCTpy3MOHHoii Maccbi 32°C. 3KCTpy3MOHHbiM nonbīii >Kiyr Hape3aiOT Ha nacTM no 5 mm (cfjopMa II Φμγ.1), Hape3aHHbie Tpy6oHKM cyiuaT m o6>KMraiOT bo BpamaiomeMca Tpy6e, kslk b npMMepe 1. B npMMepe cpaBHeHMH 1 3KCTpyAnpyiOT KaTann3aiop cocTasa, aHanornHHoro cociaBy b npMMepe 1, β φορΜβ npeccoBaHHoro >Kryia. ΠρΜΜθρ cpaBHeHMfl 1. B COOTBeTCTBMM C ΠρΜΜθρΟΜ 1 ΚΟΠρβΑΜΠΜΤΘΤ 3KTMBH0M φ83Βΐ
KaTanM3aiopa nonyHaiOT, cyujaT, προκβπΜΒθίοτ m nepeMetUMBaiOT b CMecMTene-3KCTpyflepe ao αοοτμ>κθημ3 γομογθηηομ nnacTMHHOM Maccbi. 3KCTpy3MK) npoBOfl«T npn flaeneHMM 8 6ap m TeMnepaType 3KCTpy3M0HH0M Maccbi 25°C. Maccy KaTanM3aTopa, 3KCTpyAMpyeMyio b φορΜβ HanoriHeHHoro >KryTa ΑΜβΜβτροΜ 5 mm, Hape3aiOT no Mepe ΗβοβχοΑΜΜοοτΜ ao 5 mm απμηομ, Hape3aHHbie Tpy6owKM «aTanM3aTopa cyiuaT m, KaK b npMMepe 1, omMraiOT bo BpamaiomeMCfl Tpy6e. B cneAy(outMx npMMepax 4, 5 m 6 npeACTaB/ieHbi pa3nMHHbie COCTaBbl Κ3Τ3ΠΜ33Τ0ρ0Β ΓΘΟΜΘΤρΜΗΘΟΚΟΜ φΟρΜΗ III Ha φΜΓ. 1, KaK Β npMMepe 1. ΠρΜΜθρ 4.
KonpeuMnMTaT απα nonyHeHM3 θκτμβηομ φθ3Ν KaianM3aT0pa ΓΟΤΟΒΑΤ cneAyK3LUMM o6pa30M: 242,2 r Fe (Νθ3)3 χ 9H20, 232,8r Co(N03)2 χ 6H2O, 1744,8 r Ni(N03)2 x 6H20 M 5,1 r KNO3 pacTBOpaiOT β 3,1 π BOAbi m AoSaBnflfOT npM nepeMeniMBaHMM m TeMnepaType 90°C κ pacTBopy 34,9 r Sm203 b 212 r kohu. HNO3. B nonyHeHHbiM pacTBOp npM AanbHeMiueM nepeMeujMBaHMM bhocat 300,5 r BbicoKOAMcnepcHOM ΚρβΜΗΜΘΒΟΜ KMCJlOTbl (AspOCMJl 200) M 300,5 Γ ΤθρΜΟΟβρββΟΤβΗΗΟΓΟ MOHTMopMnnoHMTa (yp. noBepxHocTb no BET <1μ2/γ). B AenMTenbHOM BopoHKe npM 60°C γοτοβητ pacTBOp 2118,6 r (ΝΗ4)βΜθ7θ24 x 6H2O b 2,7 π H2O m AoSaensfOT κ HeMy npM μητθηομβηομ nepeMeniMBaHMM 115,3 r 85%-hom H3PO4. nocne 3Toro 06a pacTBopa οπΜΒβιοτ βμθοτθ npM ΜΗΤΘΗΟΜΒΗΟΜ ΠβρβΜΘΙ1ΙΜΒ3ΗΜΜ Μ ΑΟδβΒΠΗΙΟτ 485,1 Γ Βί(Νθ3)3 χ 5Η2<0 Β 408 γ 8,2%-ηομ ΗΝ03- nonyHeHHyio cycneH3Mio cywaT B03AyxoM β pacnbīnMTenbHOM cyiuMnKe npM TeMnepaiype Ha βχοαθ 550°C. LV 10075 13 ΟτΗοιυβΗΜβ KoiiHHecTBa B03flyxa κ KonnHecTBy pacnbīnneMOM cycneH3nn noflOnpaeTCfl ripu 3tom t3kmm o6pa30M, HToObi TeMnepaTypa Ha βμχοαθ noflflep>KMBanacb Ha ypoBHe 170°C, a κοπμηθοτβο cycneH3nn ycTaHaBnnBaeTca τβκοβ, ητο6μ βρθμπ npeSbiBaHMfi rpaHyn b 5 pacnbīnMTenbHOM cyuiMnKe cocTaBnnno οκοπο 6 cok. HHTSHCMBHOCTb pacnbīneHun Bbi6npaeicn τβκ, ητο6ν cpeAHMM flnaM8Tp rpaHyn Haxoflnncn b npeflenax dp = 25 μΜ. BbicyiiJ8HHbie rpaHynbi KanbunHnpytoT b Tpy6HaT0ii Bpamatometicn πθημ b τβΗβΗΜβ 30 mmh. m MaKcmvtanbHOM TeMnepaType BHyrpn rpaHyn 420°C.
10 flanbHeHiuan nepepaāoTKa KanbiļMHMpoBaHHbix rpaHyn cneflyeT no npnMepy 1, τοπβκο 3KCTpyAnpoBaHHbiM nonbīii xryT ΜΜββΤ BHyTp8HHMM ΑΚβΜΘΤρ 2 MM. ΠρΜΜβρδ.
KonpeLļHnmaT p/in nonyneημπ θκτμβηομ 0a3bi Karanusaropa 15 ΓΟΤΟΒΠΤ cnefly(OLUMM oāpa30M: 808,0 r Fe(N03)3 χ 9H20, 320,1 r Co(N03)2 χ 6H2O, 1744,8 r Ni (N03)2 x 6H2O m 0,1 r KNO3 pacTBopniOT B 3,1 π BOflbi h μοδβΒππιοτ npH nepeMeiiiHBaHHM m TeMnepaType 90°C 34,9 r Sm203 b 212 r kohli. HNO3. B stot pacTBop npn flanbHeiiLueM nep8M8LLIHBaHHH BHOCflT 600,9 Γ BbICOKOflMCnepCHOii ΚρβΜΗΜΘΒΟΪί 20 KMcnoTbi (Aapocnn 200) m 1201,8 r TepMOo6pa6oTaHHoro MOHTMOpMnnOHMTa (yfl. n0B8pXH0CTb ΠΟ BET<1 M2/r). B flenUTenbHOii BopoHKe npM 60°C γοτοβπτ pacTBop 2118,6 r (ΝΗ4)βΜθ7θ24 x 6H2O b 2,7 π H2O h Ao6aBnnioT κ HeMy npn mhtshcmbhom nepeMeinMBaHMM 115,3 r 85%-hom H3PO4. nocne θτογο 06a pacTBOpa cnuBaiOT βμθοτθ 25 ΠρΜ ΜΗΤΘΗΟΜΒΗΟΜ Π6ρβΜ61ΠΜΒ8ΗΜΜ Μ ΑΟββΒΠΠΙΟΤ paCTBOp 485,1 Γ Βί(Ν03)3 X 5Η2θ β 408 Γ 8,2%-ηομ ΗΝθ3· nonyH8HHyio cycn8H3MK) cyiuaT B03AyxoM b pacnbīnMTenbHOM cyujMnKe npM TeMnepaType Ha βχοαθ 550°C. ΟτΗοιυβΗΜβ KonMHecTBa B03Ayxa κ KonMHecTBy pacnbīnneMOM cycn8H3MM noA^Mpaeicn npM θτομ τθκμμ o6pa30M, mo6bi TeMnepaiypa 30 Ha BbixoA8 noflAep>KMBanacb Ha γροΒΗθ 170°C, a κοπμηθοτβο cycneH3MM ycTaHaBnMBa8Tcn TaKoe, HToSbi epeMn npeGbiBaHMn rpaHyn b pacnbīnMTenbHOM CyiiJMnKe COCTaBnHnO ΟΚΟΠΟ 6 ΟβΚ. HHTeHCMBHOCTb pacnbīneHMn Bbi6MpaeTcn TaK, htoSm cpeAHMii αμθμθτρ rpaHyn HaxoAnncn b npeAenax dp = 25 μΜ. BbicymeHHbie rpaHynbi npOKanMsaiOT 35 b Tpy6naTOM BpamaiomeMcn πθημ β τθηθημθ 30 mmh. m MaKCMManbHOM T8MnepaType BHyrpM rpaHyn 420°C. 14 flanbHeiiujyio nepepa6oTKy Kanbi4HHHp0BaHHbix rpaHyn npoBOAAT, κβκ b npHMepe 4.
KonpeuunmaT αππ nonyHeHHH βκτΗΒΗΟίί (J)a3bi KaTann3aiopa γοτοβπτ cneflyioiiinM o6pa30M: 646,4 r Fe(N03)3 χ 9H20, 174,6 r 5 Co(N03)2 χ 6H2O, 1744,8 r Ni(N03)2 x 6H2O h 0,1 r KNO3 pacTBOpaiOT b 3,1 n BOflbi h Ao6aBnnK>T npn nepeMeiuHBaHHH h τβΜΠβρβτγρβ 90°C pacTBOp 34,9 r Sm2C>3 b 212 r koha. HNO3. B 9tot pacTBop npn flanbHeiiLueM nepeMeiuHBaHHH bhocat 600,9 r BbicoKOflucnepcHOii ΚρβΜΗΜΘΒΟΛ KUCriOTbl (AspOCHH 200) H 1201,8 Γ TepM006pa60TaHH0r0 10 MOHTMopunjiOHma (yfl. noBepxHOdb no BET <1μ2/γ). B flenmenbHOM ΒοροΗΚΘ npn 60°C ΓΟΤΟΒΗΤ pacTBop 2118,6 r (ΝΗ4)6Μθ7θ24 x 6H2O b 2,7 π H2O n AoSaBnniOT κ HeMy npn ηητθηοηβηομ nepeMeiiJHBaHHH 115,3 r 85%-hoh H3PO4. flocne θτογο 06a pacTBopa cnneaioT βμθοτθ npn ηητθηοηβηομ nepeMeiunBaHun n AOčaBnniOT pacTBop 727,7 r Bi(N03)3 x 15 5H2O b 612,0 r 8,2%-hoPI HNO3. nony4BHHyio cycneH3HK> cyiuaT B03AyxoM b pacnbīnmenbHoii cyiunnKe npn TBMnepaType Ha βχοαθ 550°C. ΟτΗοιιίΘΗΜθ KonunecTBa B03Ayxa κ KonnHecTBy pacnbmneMOH cycneH3nn noASnpaeircn npn stom tbkhm o6pa30M, MTOČbi TeMnepaTypa Ha BbixoAe noAA©p>KHBanacb Ha ypoBHe 170°C, a κοπμμθοτβο cycneH3MH 20 ycTaHaBnnBaeTCfi τβκοβ, ητο6μ BpeMa npe6biBaHHfl rpaHyn b pacnbmmenbHoPi cymnnKe cocTaBnnno οκοπο 6 οθκ. Μητθηομβηοοτβ pacnbmeHMn Bbi6npaeTcn τβκ, HTo6bi cpeflHHH ΑΗβΜθτρ rpaHyn HaxoAnncn b npeAenax dp = 25 μΜ. BbicyweHHbie rpaHynbi npoKanneaiOT b Tpy6HaTofi Bpamaiomencfl nenn b τθηθημθ 30 mhh. h MaKCHManbHOH 25 TOMnepaiype BHyTpn rpaHyn 420°C. flanbHeMUjyK) nepepa6oTKy npOKaneHHbix rpanyn npoBOAflT, Kax b npHMepe 4. B npHMepe 7 0opMyK)T aHanorHHHoro cociaBa Kaiann3aiop, Kax b npHMepe 1, τοπβκο αππ npnMepa 7 βμθοτο πβΗτβθρπτρΗτβ 30 Hcnonb3yioT b KanecTBe nopoo6pa30Baienn ποροιυοκ uenniono3bi. ΠρπΜβρ 7. nonyHaiOT npoKaneHHbie rpaHynbi, κβκ b npHMepe 1. 1,6 κγ npOKaneHHbix rpaHyn nopaiOT b CMecHTenb-3KCTpyAep h nepeMeuJHBaiOT 5 mhh. c 0,4 κγ nopouiKa uennK>no3bi b KanecTBe 35 nopoo6pa30BaTenn, npnneM cpe^nm AnaMeip nacTHLļ nopouiKa Aenntono3bi dp = 36 μΜ. flanbHeniuan o6pa6oTKa no npnMepy 1. LV 10075 15 B npuMepe cpaBH©HHfl 2 KaTann3aiop γοτοβητ, κβκ b npuMepe 1, πρΜΗβΜ 6e3 floāaBOK nopoo6pa30BaTeneii MoryT B03HMKHyTb ΑθφΟρΜβΑΜΜ. ΠρΜΜθρ ΟρβΒΗΘΗΜΗ 2. 5 nonyHaK)T npoKaneHHbie rpaHynbi, Ka< b npuMepe 1. 1,6 npoi<aneHHbix rpaHyn nopatOT b cMecMTenb-9«CTpyAep, 33ΤΘΜ fl06aBHflK)T 394,4 Γ 6%-HOrO (βΘΟ.) paCTBOpa TM03bl, B KOTOpOM npeflBapiiTenbHo 9MynbrnpyiOT 21,3 r KepocnHa. 3iy Maccy ΠθρθΜθΐυΜΒ3Ι0Τ flO ΤΘΧ ΠΟρ, ΠΟΚβ OHa Ηθ ΑΟΟΤΜΓΗΘΤ ΓΟΜΟΓΘΗΗΟΓΟ 10 nnaCTMHHOrO COCTOflHMfl. 3KCTpy3MIO ΠρΟΒΟΑΛΤ DpM ββΒΠΘΗΜΜ 14 6ap M TeMnepaiype 9KCTpy3M0HH0w Maccw 32°C (φορΜβ III φΜΓ.1). flanbHeiiiuyio nepepa60TKy 9KCTpy3M0HH0ii Maccbi npOBOA«T, xax b npuMepe 1, πρμηθμ MaKCMManbHaa TeMnepaTypa npw ο6>κμγθ bo BpamaiomePica Tpy6e AOCTuraeT 620°C. 15 |1 Taānuiļa 1 6 2 u_ 1- x 5 0 1 Φ S I g O o o o £ o 2 e c s α § I m ā 2 & * κ § s i co 1- co co
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CM CM CM CM LV 10075 CO cū =r s c VO fi x 9am x a c
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ΦΟΡΜΥΠΑ M305PETEHMR
1. Cnoco6 nonyH8Hnyi aKponenHa KaTanmunecKUM ΟΚΜΟΠΘΗΜΘΜ πρΟΠΜΠΘΗθ B ra30B0H $a3B B03flyX0M B npHCyTCTBHM 5 BOfl«HblX napOB H ΜΗθρΤΗΟΓΟ ra3a ΜΠΜ npeflnOHTMTenbHee οτχοαηιμθγο ra3a peaKUMM nocne οταθπθημα m3 ηθγο οκοηαθηομροβθηηβιχ ΚΟΜΠΟΗΘΗΤΟΒ ΓφΜ ΠΟΒΜΐυθΗΗΟίί TeMnepaType Μ ΟΟΟΤΗΟΙϋθΗΜΜ nponuneHa, B03flyxa, nHepTHoro ra3a (οτχορ,ηιηβΓΟ rasa) h BOflbi 1 : 6-9: 3-12 : 0-5, OTnHMatomHPicfl τθμ, hto ra3oo6pa3Hbie κομποηθητβι 10 nponycKaioT npn TeMnepaType 300-380pC n a6comoTHOM αθβπθημμ 1,4 -2,2 6ap Hep63 Maccy KaTann3aTOpa, κμθιοιαθγο οοοτθβ Moi2.
Feo,04-4,0. Coo,4-4,0. Niļ,0-9,0. Βίο,2-2,0. P(As)0,2-2,0.K(RblCs)0-0,1..
Smo,01-0,2.Si5-40. SĪ5-40Ox, πρΜΗΘΜ κρβΜΗΜΜ npeACTasneH b βμαθ ΠΜρΟΓΘΗΗΟίί ΜΠΜ BblCOKOflMCnepCHOli OCa>KfleHHOii ΙφθΜΗΜΘΒΟΜ KMCflOTbl, 15 KM3enbrypa, TOHKOflucnepcHoro οίπμκθτθ anKDMMHna, npetiMymecTBeHHO b φορΜθ MOHTMopminoHMTa, a Macca KaTann3aTopa npeACTaeneHa b φορΜθ rpaHynnpOBaHHoro cbinyHero npOAyiara co cneAyK)UļMMM CBOMCTBaMU: а) rpaHynbi KaTanw3aTopa μμθιοτ nio6yio reoMeTpKHecKyio 20 φορΝ/^ A^āMBTpOM ΜΘΗΘΘ 7,5 MM, ΟΤΗΟΐυβΗΗΘ ΒΗΘΙϋΗθίί ΠΟΒβρΧΗΟΟΤΜ Op κ o6teMy Vp ημ>κθ 1,6 mm'1 ; б) MMHUManbHaa nopucTocTb rpaHyn Kaiann3aTOpa 0,46; OTcyTCTBne ΜΜκροπορ (< 2 hm), MHHMManbHbiii o6teM ΜΘ3θπορ (2-30 hm) 0,03 ομ3/γ a TaioKe MUHMManbHbiPi oāteM Μβκροπορ (>30 hm); 25 b) π/ioTHOCTb rpaHyn KaTann3aTopa no piyrn 1,25 γ/cm3; r) MHHMManbHaa yAenbHaa noBepxHOCTb no BET 10 μ2/γ; A) MHHMManbHbiPi npeAon npoHHOCTM 6,0 H; e) HCTHpaHHe μθηθθ 50 μγ/γ KaTann3aiopa; w) noTepn AasneHHa μθηθθ 1600 Πθ/μ cnoa Kaiann3aTopa, 30 bhochmoto b Tpy6y ΑΚδΜβτροΜ 2 mm, τιρκηθμ yAenbHaa Harpy3«a ycTaHaBnnBaeica npw προχοκαθημμ 2-3 μοπθη nponeHa/AM3 cnoa KaTann3aTopa/Hac. 2. Cnoco6 non.1,OTnnHaioiMniicfl τθμ, hto Macca
KaTann3aT0pa coaop>kht M012. Feo,06-2,0. Coo,6-2,0. N12,0-6,0, 35 Bio,5-1,5, P(As)o,5-1,5, K(Rb,Cs)0,001-0,05, Smo,02-0,1, Sil0-30Ox, ηρΚΗΘΜ ΚρβΜΗΗίί ηρθΑΟΤΘΒΠΘΗ B φορΜθ ΠΚρΟΓΘΗΗΟΜ Si02 H MOHTMOpHJinOHMTa C BeCOBbIM ΟΟΟΤΗΟΙΰθΗΜΘΜ OT 1 : 0,5 AO 1 :4. 17 3. CnocoS no π.π.1 μπμ 2,OTnnHaK)miiiicfl τθμ, ητο MOHTMOpunnOHHT SnarOAapfl TepMOOSpaSOTKO ΜΜΘΘΤ nOHM)K0HHyiO yflenbHyK) ποΒβρχΗΟοπ» no BET (< 2,0 μ2/γ). 4. Cnocoč no n.n. 1-3, OTriMHaiomniicfl τθμ, ητο 5 peaKLļMio προβοαητ b KO>Kyxo-Tpy6HOM peaicrope, Tpy6bi κοτοροΓΟ μμθιοτ BHyTp0HHnii Α^^Μθτρ 16-25 mm. Πθ ΑΟΒθρθΗΗΟΟΤΜ LV 10075 18 AHHOTAUHfl 5 ΠρθΑΜΘΤ Μ3θ6ρθΤΘΗΜΑ - CnOCOO ΠΟΙΗΘΗΚΑ βΚρΟΠΘΜΗβ
KaTanuTunecKUM οκμοπθημθμ nponuneHa β ra30Boii φβ3θ (TeMnepaTypa 300-380°C μ α3βπθημθ 1,4 - 2,2 6ap) B03flyx0M b npncyTCTBmi βοααημχ napoB μ μηθρτηογο ra3a nnn οτχοαηιαθγο ra3a peaKunn, ripu COSilKDfleHMU ΟΠΡΘΑΘΠΘΗΗΟΓΟ ΚΟΠΜΜΘΟΤΒΘΗ ΗΟΓΟ ΟΟΟΤΗΟΙϋθΗΜΛ 10 BCTynatomnx b peaKumo κομποηθητοβ, nponycKaeMbix nepe3 KaTann3aTop, conep>KaiiļHkl KOMSMHaumo θπθμθητοβ Moi2, Feo,04-4,0.
Coo,4-4,0. Nh,0-9,0, Bio,2-2,0, P(As)o,2-2,0, K(Rb,Cs)o-0,1. Smo,01-0,2, SĪ5-4oOx b BUfle cnoa 0TflenbHbix rpaHyn, πρμηθμ rpaHynbi Kaiann3aTopa BbinonHeHbi onpeAeneHHofi reoMeipunecKoPi φορΜ;Η c 15 paflOM ea>KHbix Φκ3μκο-χμμμηθοκμχ napaMeTpOB m ycTaHOBneHHOii yflenbHOft Harpy3Koii npn προχοχαθημ 2-3 Moneii nponuneHa/flM3 cnoa KaTann3aTopa/Hac.
Claims (4)
- LV 10075 PATENTA FORMULA 1. Akroleīna iegūšanas metode, katalītiski oksidējot propilēnu gāzes fāzē ar gaisu ūdens tvaiku un inertas gāzes klātbūtnē vai labāk, reakcijas 5 atejošās gāzes klātbūtnē pēc sakondensēto komponentu atdalīšanas no tās, pie paaugstinātas temperatūras un pie propilēna, gaisa, inertas gāzes (atejošas gāzes) un ūdens attiecībām 1:6-9: 3-12 :1-5, atšķirīga ar to, ka gāzveida komponentus pie temperatūras 300-380 °C un absolūtā spiediena 1,4-2,2 bāri laiž caur katalizatora 10 masu ar sastāvu Mo12Feoio4.4,Co0i4.4,oNi1o.9,oBio,2;2,oP(As)oi2.2ioK(Rb,Cs)o-oIiSmotoi.o,2Si5.4CļOx, pie kam silīcijs ir pirogēnas vai augsti dispersas izgulsnētas silīcijskābes, infuzoras zemes, sīki dispersa alumīnija silikāta, labāk montmorillonita veidā, bet katalizatora masa ir granulēta birstoša 15 produkta veidā ar sekojošām īpašībām: a) katalizatora granulām ir jebkura ģeometriska forma ar diametru, mazāku par 7,5 mm, ārējās virsmas Op attiecība pret tilpumu Vp ir mazāka par 1,6 mm'1; b) katalizatora granulu minimālā porainība ir 0,46; nav mikroporu 20 (< 2 nm), mezoporu minimālais tilpums (2-30 nm) ir 0,03 cm3/g, kā arī minimāls makroporu tilpums (> 30 nm); c) katalizatota granulu blīvums pēc dzīvsudraba ir 1,25 g/cm3; d) minimālā īpatnējā virsma pēc BET ir 10 m2/g; e) minimālā izturības robeža ir 6,0 H; 25 f) dilšana mazāka par 50 mg/g katalizatora; g) spiediena zudumi mazāki par 1000 Pa/m katalizatora slāņa, kas iepildīts caurulē ar diametru 2 mm, pie kam īpatnējā slodze tiek noteikta pie caurplūdes 2-3 moli propilēna uz t dm3 katalizatora slāņa stundā. 30
- 2. Metode, saskaņā ar 1. punktu, atšķirīga ar to, ka katalizatora masa satur MOi2Feo06.2oCOo6.2oNi2o.6,oBio.5-1.5P(As)o,5.i,5K(Rb)Cs)oooi-0.05Smo,02-0,1 S*10-30^X> pie kam silīcijs ir pirogēna Si02 un montmorillonita veidā svara attiecībās no 1 :0,5 līdz 1:4. 35 2
- 3. Metode, saskaņā ar 1. un 2. punktu, atšķirīga ar to, ka, pateicoties termoapstrādei, montmorillonitam ir samazināta īpatnējā virsma pēc BET (< 2,0 mz/g).
- 4. Metode, saskaņā ar 1. * 3. punktiem, atšķirīga ar to, ka reakciju veic apvalka-cauruļu reaktorā, kura cauruļu iekšējais diametrs ir 16-25 mm.
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FR2747940B1 (fr) * | 1996-04-26 | 1998-08-14 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Catalyseur ou support de catalyseur de forme polygonale |
US5922297A (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 1999-07-13 | Corning Incorporated | Silicophosphate compounds and method of making same |
US6437193B1 (en) | 1997-07-15 | 2002-08-20 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Vapor phase oxidation of propylene to acrolein |
US6281384B1 (en) | 1998-06-26 | 2001-08-28 | E. I. Du Pont Nemours And Company | Vapor phase catalytic oxidation of propylene to acrylic acid |
DE19841872A1 (de) | 1998-09-14 | 2000-03-16 | Creavis Tech & Innovation Gmbh | Elektrokatalytische Selektiv-Oxidation von Kohlenwasserstoffen |
US6337424B1 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2002-01-08 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Catalysts oxidation of lower olefins to unsaturated aldehydes, methods of making and using the same |
DE10101695A1 (de) * | 2001-01-15 | 2002-07-18 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur heterogen katalysierten Gasphasenpartialoxidation von Vorläuferverbindungen der (Meth)acrylsäure |
CN101066528B (zh) * | 2001-11-08 | 2010-09-29 | 三菱化学株式会社 | 复合氧化物催化剂及其制备方法 |
WO2003039744A1 (fr) * | 2001-11-08 | 2003-05-15 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Catalyseur a base d'oxyde composite et son procede de preparation |
JP4179780B2 (ja) * | 2001-12-28 | 2008-11-12 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | 不飽和アルデヒドおよび不飽和カルボン酸合成用触媒の製造方法、この方法により製造される触媒、ならびに、この触媒を用いた不飽和アルデヒドおよび不飽和カルボン酸の合成方法 |
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DE3125061C2 (de) * | 1981-06-26 | 1984-03-15 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acrolein bzw. Methacrolein durch katalytische Oxidation von Propylen bzw. Isobutylen oder tertiär-Butanol in sauerstoffhaltigen Gasgemischen |
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US4537874A (en) * | 1982-10-22 | 1985-08-27 | Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co Ltd | Catalyst for production of unsaturated aldehydes |
DE3445289A1 (de) * | 1984-12-12 | 1986-06-19 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Geformter katalysator fuer heterogen katalysierte reaktionen |
DE3867249D1 (de) * | 1987-02-17 | 1992-02-13 | Nippon Catalytic Chem Ind | Katalysator zur oxydation von olefin oder tertiaerem alkohol und verfahren zu seiner herstellung. |
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-
1989
- 1989-09-13 DE DE3930534A patent/DE3930534A1/de active Granted
-
1990
- 1990-09-05 ZA ZA907080A patent/ZA907080B/xx unknown
- 1990-09-11 AU AU62407/90A patent/AU640946B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-09-11 AT AT90117465T patent/ATE121067T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-09-11 EP EP90117465A patent/EP0417723B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-11 ES ES90117465T patent/ES2022068T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-11 DE DE59008886T patent/DE59008886D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-09-12 RO RO145921A patent/RO112275B1/ro unknown
- 1990-09-12 RU SU904831015A patent/RU2031096C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-09-12 US US07/581,696 patent/US5072052A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-13 JP JP2241374A patent/JP2826181B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-09-13 BR BR909004582A patent/BR9004582A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-09-13 CN CN90107661A patent/CN1026411C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-12-22 LV LVP-92-382A patent/LV10075B/lv unknown
- 1992-12-30 GR GR920300090T patent/GR920300090T1/el unknown
-
1993
- 1993-05-19 GE GEAP1993781A patent/GEP19971024B/en unknown
- 1993-11-09 LT LTIP1449A patent/LT3680B/lt not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9004582A (pt) | 1991-09-10 |
LV10075A (lv) | 1994-05-10 |
CN1050181A (zh) | 1991-03-27 |
DE3930534C2 (lv) | 1992-12-24 |
EP0417723A3 (en) | 1992-01-02 |
RU2031096C1 (ru) | 1995-03-20 |
GR920300090T1 (en) | 1992-12-30 |
RO112275B1 (ro) | 1997-07-30 |
ES2022068T3 (es) | 1995-06-16 |
LT3680B (en) | 1996-01-25 |
ZA907080B (en) | 1991-07-31 |
US5072052A (en) | 1991-12-10 |
ES2022068A4 (es) | 1991-12-01 |
EP0417723B1 (de) | 1995-04-12 |
EP0417723A2 (de) | 1991-03-20 |
DE3930534A1 (de) | 1991-03-21 |
JP2826181B2 (ja) | 1998-11-18 |
JPH03109345A (ja) | 1991-05-09 |
AU6240790A (en) | 1991-03-21 |
LTIP1449A (en) | 1995-05-25 |
ATE121067T1 (de) | 1995-04-15 |
DE59008886D1 (de) | 1995-05-18 |
GEP19971024B (en) | 1997-04-06 |
AU640946B2 (en) | 1993-09-09 |
CN1026411C (zh) | 1994-11-02 |
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