LU85733A1 - IMPROVEMENT IN VERTICAL CONSTRUCTIONS - Google Patents

Description

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The present invention relates to vertical constructions, in particular of high height, and preferably, although not exclusively, silos for the storage and loading of cereals, or other bulk products, such as friend-don, talc, lime and the like.

To date, these constructions have been carried out on site, either in concrete or in folded sheet metal. A concrete silo is expensive and takes a long time to build. A folded and welded sheet silo also, and it also has its own drawbacks linked to the very shape of the constituent elements: the interior wall having hollows and reliefs, the existence of these hollows leads to zones of differential friction with d 'on the one hand the formation of organic matter deposits tending to rot on the spot, and on the other hand the formation of arches determining significant dynamic forces.

The invention overcomes all these drawbacks, by means of a simple process and equipment, inexpensive, and convenient to implement.

According to the invention, the construction is carried out by means of standard modular elements, produced in advance in the factory, and assembled on site by simple bolting or welding on vertical posts, these elements consisting of flat panels, remaining smooth. on their internal face, and on the external face of which are welded horizontal reinforcing and stiffening ribs, forming with the flat panels closed boxes.

According to an interesting alternative embodiment, the said ribs are themselves supplemented by pieces in the form of profiles or angles of various sections, repaired by 30 edges on the external face of the panel covered by the »rib and on all or part of the length thereof, that is to say inside said box, their number and • frequency being determined by the stresses exerted on said panel.

35 One thus obtains, from elements which are small and easy to produce and transport, constructions of all shapes and sizes, smooth on the inside, and whose strength and rigidity are guaranteed by said ribs. According to the invention, the dimension of the ribs, and in particular their thickness, is proportional to that of each panel; similarly 2 ¥ their spacing is progressive in the vertical direction, as a function of the height of the construction, in accordance with the usual thrust diagram, itself dependent on the height of the construction and the nature and quantity of the 5 materials that 'it contains.

The implementation of this method can give rise to numerous variants of the basic modular elements.

Thus, although, basically, the ribs 10 are of trapezoidal section, it must be considered that, depending on the nature and the dimensions of the constructions considered, it is desirable to adapt this section, both for economic reasons and for take into account mechanical constraints.

15 Thus, in the case of thin walls, it will be possible to mount much higher ribs, equivalent to several standard ribs close together or joined in one, thus saving the metal and the weld lines corresponding to the joining zone, which then reduced to a simple longitudinal imprint.

Likewise, to make the curvy-pyramidal bottom of a polygonal construction, ribs of triangular section will be used, one side of which is horizontal and the other vertical, with the result of bringing only the support legs of the construction vertical efforts, easy to resume.

The reinforcement pieces mounted inside the ribs can also take particular shapes, depending on the dimensions of the rib.

Thus, in the most frequent case, such a reinforcement piece 30 will be U-shaped, placed on edge on the smooth sheet, with its wings parallel to the length of the rib. However, in the case of a high rib corresponding to the meeting of two or more standard trapezoidal ribs, the U-shaped reinforcement piece will advantageously comprise a wing folded back towards the back of the base of the U, ensuring a better seating of the part on the smooth sheet metal of the wall, which provides better protection against deformation, while this reinforcing piece is made of very thin sheet metal.

According to a simplified variant, the portion of smooth sheet 40 "3 situated under a rib located in an area liable to undergo local deformations will be reinforced by a series of simple vertical angles welded at suitable intervals to said sheet.

5 Furthermore, the posts vertically delimiting the elements and which, in the general case, are of rectangular section, can also give rise to several variants, in particular in the case of polygonal constructions.

Thus, it is possible to keep stiffening ribs according to the invention entirely parallelepipedal, instead of indenting them at their ends at an angle · <. equal to half the angle at the top of the polygon, if, instead of columns with rectangular cross-section, columns with trapezoidal cross-section are used, the small base being towards the inside of the construction and the non-parallel sides being inclined on the bases of the same angle σ (.

In the same case, and in the event that, for the storage of particularly corrosive materials, the smooth sheet of the element is made stainless inside the construct-20 tion, it is normally necessary that this smooth sheet either continuous and contiguous at the location of the connection of two neighboring elements. For this purpose the vertical edge of each sheet is folded inwards, and it is advantageous to replace said posts with thick plates, which both simplifies production and requires twice less welding.

These various variants as well as others are illustrated by the appended drawing in which: - Figures 1 and la are perspective views and partially cut away of a folded sheet silo wall according to the prior art.

- - Figures 2 and 2a are similar perspective views and partially cut away, of a modular element according to ”the invention, - Figures 3 and 3a are similar to Figures 2 and 35 2a, but include the complementary parts of reinforcement of the ribs according to the invention.

- Figures 4,4a and 4b illustrate the constitution of a flat wall and its support on the ground, from the front, in vertical section and in horizontal section.

40 “Figure 5 illustrates the construction of an angle 4 in a construction with a polygonal section, - Figure 6 is a partial view of a construction in progress by means of these elements.

- Figure 7 shows, in perspective, a stiffening rib 5 of great height for thin wall.

FIG. 8 represents, in perspective, a reinforcement piece which can be used in particular with a rib of the type of that shown in FIG. 7.

- Figure 9 shows in perspective another OJ variant of the reinforcing means of the smooth sheet under a rib, - Figure 10 shows in axial section, a bottom * curvo-pyramidal for a polygonal construction according to the invention, 15 - Figure 11 illustrates the replacement of posts by solid irons in a polygonal construction whose internal surface is made stainless.

- And Figure 12 is a view similar to Figure 5 but with poles with a trapezoidal section.

20 Referring firstly to FIGS. 1 and 1a, it can be seen that the wall of a silo constructed according to prior techniques, consists of a single sheet 1, folded alternately inward and outward, so as to form alternately hollow ribs 2, and in relief 3. Such folded sheets are generally fixed by points on vertical posts as shown for example in French patent 79 00159 of January 4, 1979.

Although this construction, and this folding into ribs, provides a certain rigidity to the construction, it has the drawbacks of leaving areas such as 4 in which the material stored in the silo can accumulate without flowing at the time. emptying the silo. This material is generally of organic origin, it risks rotting on site and contaminating the next filling of the silo. In addition, the flow of the vaults forming when the silo is emptied creates significant dynamic stresses on. the walls.

Furthermore, the posts on which these sheets come to be applied, and these sheets themselves, are generally 40 very large, made on the site itself and assembled on site at the cost of effort and effort. considerable.

If we now refer to FIGS. 2 and 2a, we see that a similar but very improved result is obtained thanks to the invention, according to which, the wall of the silo is made up by a flat sheet 5, on the outer face of which are fixed, for example by welding, horizontal ribs, such as 6, forming a succession of closed horizontal boxes.

The following double result is thus obtained: - on the one hand the internal surface of the wall is completely smooth, - and on the other hand this wall is made rigid by the ribs which may be of corresponding depth and spacing responding to the mechanical stresses of the wall constituted in this way.

Such elements can be produced in various sizes, by continuous welding and automatically in the factory, then assembled on site as modular elements adapted to the shape of the construction.

In the variant of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 3a, complementary parts 10 are inserted between the panel 5 and each rib 6. Thanks to the partial cut-out practiced in FIG. 3, it can be seen that such a part 10 has the shape of a ü placed on edge on the panel 5, and having the thickness e_ of the rib. These parts 10 serve to compensate for any buckling 25 of the sheet 5 behind the rib in the case of high loads. Their number and arrangement will therefore depend on the size of the silo and the location of the panel in question.

In the case of a complex construction, this number and this distribution can be determined from a computer program, which will make it possible to construct, from a series of elements identical to each other, a whole series of silos. Of course, the parts 10 could have a different section, for example in V, in Z, or any other, their essential role being to form along the ribs a series of partitions of additional reinforcement.

Figures 4 and 5 illustrate various modes of assembly of the modular elements as shown in Figures 2-2a or 3-3a, that is to say each consisting of a panel 11 on paint! are welded horizontal ribs 12, to form cais-40 stiffening sounds, reinforced or not by parts such as 6 as 10 (Figures 3-3a). These modular elements are bordered by vertical posts 13, making it possible to assemble them in two different ways:

For the construction of large flat panels 5 dimensions (Figures 4,4a, 4b), several panels 11-12-13 are juxtaposed, to form unitary sub-assemblies such as S, and S2 "and these sub-assemblies are juxtaposed the along two posts 13'a-13'b to form a complete planar wall. It is at the location of the pairs of posts 13'a-13'b that such a pa-10 king rests, by anchoring and stabilizing feet ensuring sufficient seating for this wall. To this end, the posts 13'a and 13'b are shortened, to allow the insertion of feet 14a-14b, with a trapezoidal vertical section, and the large base of which is fixed to a common base 15 of very high weight. Such a structure is particularly suitable for a construction with a rectangular base and of very large dimensions such as a grain silo.

For the construction of structures of smaller dimensions, with polygonal section, the procedure is as illustrated in FIG. 5. In this case, each panel comprises a single complete module 11-12-13, and at the corners of the structure, the rib is indented as shown in broken lines 11 'at an angle to allow the mounting of an inclined pole 13 ", intended to be coupled to another pole 13" b, having the same inclination, of the following panel. The two posts 13a and 13 "b are therefore embedded, which will ensure their mutual assistance, and as a result of the continuous working conditions.

According to a variant of assembly of two adjacent posts 13, instead of a weld ensuring such embedding, a bolting can be used, which eliminates any weld under the site, but which, implying a joint, disadvantages the solidity of the elements thus assembled, which no longer assist each other. To compensate for possible deformation under the effect of the filling pressure, it is then possible to reinforce each bolt for a tube sleeve.

Figure 6 illustrates such an assembly, the modular elements, such as A and B, being mounted on posts such as C, it being understood that, although this is not shown in the drawing for clarity, the thickness e_ of each rib 40 and the spacing E between two successive ribs vary 7 according to the size of the elements used, and according to the altitude at which this element is mounted, the calculation of these different dimensions of course falling under the usual construction techniques.

To illustrate the above, reference will now be made to FIG. 7, which is similar to FIG. 2, but in which, the wall 105 being thin, two ribs are merged into one, 106, resulting in fact from the meeting of two ribs such as 6, assembled along a footprint 107. This saves the material of the two edges 108 and their 10 two welds on the sheet 105. In addition, it is thus ensured that the entire section of the metal works. The energy efficiency of the wall is therefore further improved.

Similarly, if we now refer to Figure 8, there is shown the same rib 106, but supplemented by a piece 15 of reinforcement 109, similar to the piece 10 of Figure 3, but of a design still more efficient: the part retains a general U-shaped section, the base 110 of the u being indented at 111 for the passage of the imprint 107, and this base is further folded back at 112, which ensures a better seating of the part on the sheet 105 and possibly makes it possible to shorten the branches 113 of the U.

In accordance with another variant, in FIG. 9, a rib according to the invention, 201, is shown on a smooth sheet 200, the front portion 202 of which is torn off to allow the means of reinforcement of the reinforcement to be seen. sheet, which here consist of vertical angles in L 203, welded to the sheet 200 by one of their wings. The edges of the other wing are naturally cut at 204 to adapt to the inclination of the lateral walls of the rib, with which they are not necessarily in contact, however.

These angles 203 make it possible to compensate for the local forces tending to deform the smooth sheet 200. Their frequency and even their presence is therefore a function of these forces and of their distribution.

In FIG. 10, a polygonal construction 114 is shown, formed of vertical panels according to the invention, ending in a hopper 115 of curvo-pyramidal shape, that is to say resulting from the meeting of isosceles triangles along on their equal sides by curvature towards a common vertex 8 116. Any horizontal section of this hopper will therefore be a homothetic polygon of the basic polygon of construction 114, and rectilinear reinforcement ribs 117 will be distributed all around a certain number of these sections. According to the invention, these ribs will be of triangular section, one of their faces being vertical and the other being horizontal, as shown. We can thus calculate a hopper 115 such that no horizontal forces are reported: the progressiveness of the curvature brings back to the feet 118 of the panels 10 only vertical forces, which we know very well to take up.

The solidity of the construction is therefore further increased.

Finally, with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12, it can be seen that in certain cases it is possible to modify the shape of the posts 13. Thus, in FIG. 11, the posts 13 have been replaced by solid irons 119, which more easily allow the connection of the sheets 120, if it is necessary to fold them as shown in 121 to ensure the continuity of the wall, for example when the construction is intended to receive corrosive materials such as sulfur, salt or the like. In this case, a shim 122 is necessary to make up for the play equal to twice the thickness of a sheet between the two solid irons 119, and the welding is done above this shim at the point where the two plies meet. 121. Manufacturing is thereby simplified and less costly, although this variant is preferably intended only for polygonal constructions.

In FIG. 12, similar to FIG. 5, it has been shown how, by means of posts 113 "with trapezoidal cross-section which are obtained by means of specific tools, it is possible to use standard rectangular ribs 112 to make polygonal structures, instead of having to, with posts with rectangular section, notch the ribs at an angle corresponding to each polygon, as shown in dashed lines 11 ′ in FIG. 5. This results in a significant saving in labor and in matters.

. It thus appears that the various standard elements which can be used according to the invention can be produced according to specific variants suitable according to the destination of the various constructions, the number of these variants remaining however very limited compared to that of the applications of these constructions.

9 The advantage of this new type of construction compared to conventional metal silos lies in the speed of construction, the absence of fouling of the internal wall, the reduction of the dynamic effects on emptying, better "energy efficiency". ", that is to say an increase in the admissible internal pressure for a given quantity of stored materials, and above all the possibility of automating the factory production of standard modules which it then suffices to assemble on the site with a minimum of material and personnel.

10 Furthermore, the advantage of this type of construction compared to concrete which is sometimes also used, is its always lower cost, and especially the speed of the site compared to a concrete site, which is necessarily very long and which is done on site, whereas in the case of the present invention, the product is entirely produced in the factory, in the form of modular elements simply mounted on the site by means of a suitable bolting or welding system.

Likewise, compared with traditional constructions, the advantage of the invention is considerable flexibility whatever the size of the construction, and moreover it can be considered that the larger this construction, the more the advantage of this system is also large, insofar as constructions such as traditional silos have very large elements, which poses transport problems, as well as problems of bad weather and personnel for the whole finishing on site.

These problems are eliminated thanks to the invention, which only involves a set of elements which are easy to build in the factory, and to transport and assemble easily on a site.

It should be understood that, although it is particularly suitable for the construction of silos, the invention is not limited to this application and, on the contrary, allows the construction of any construction, in particular of large vertical or polygonal dimensions, for the storage, loading and unloading of all bulk materials.

Claims (18)

1. A method for making vertical constructions characterized in that it consists of producing modular standardized elements in advance in the factory, which are then assembled on site, each element consisting of a smooth sheet 5 on the external face of which are stiffened and reinforcing ribs. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth of each rib is proportional to the dimensions of the panel. 3. Method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the spacing between two successive ribs varies depending on the altitude at which said panel is mounted. 4. Method according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ribs are horizontal. 5. Method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the panels are assembled on vertical posts with rectangular section. 6. Method according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that complementary reinforcing parts are inserted along the ribs between the panel and the top of the rib. 7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that said parts have the shape of U posed edge against the panel. 8. Construction elements and constructions such as silos, obtained by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 7. 9. Construction elements according to claim 8, characterized in that, at the base of a pair of said posts are inserted feet with a trapezoidal vertical section and joined to a base for anchoring to the ground. 10. Constructions according to claim 8, characterized in that two adjacent panels are assembled by welding their respective posts. 11. Construction according to claim 8, characterized in that two adjacent panels are assembled by bolting their successive posts, with the interposition of a joint. 12. Construction elements according to claim 8, characterized in that for the stiffening of a thin wall 1 1 η, a higher rib is used resulting from the union of several ribs along a longitudinal footprint, with elimination of the common wings and their weld lines on the smooth sheet. 13. Elements according to claim 12, characterized in that the reinforcing part comprises a wing folded back towards the rear of the base of the U, the opposite edge of which has a notch to receive the imprint of the stiffening rib. 14. Elements according to claim 8, characterized in that, each element having the shape of a curved isosceles triangle parallel to its base, the stiffening ribs are distributed also parallel to the base and of triangular section, one face being horizontal and the other vertical face. 15. Elements according to claim 12, characterized in that the reinforcing part is at least one L-shaped angle iron vertically welded by one of its wings on the smooth sheet below 1 <rib. 16. Elements according to claim 15, characterized in that said angles are distributed as a function of the thrust 20 experienced locally by the sheet metal zone concerned. 17. Elements according to any one of claims 8 to 16, characterized in that in the case of a polygonal construction, the posts consist of solid bars around the outer edge of which the vertical edge is folded back. of each sheet, the clearance remaining between the two irons full of an angle being furnished by a wedge. 18. Elements according to any one of claims 8 to 16, characterized in that, in the case of a polygonal construction, the posts have a trapezoidal section, allowing the use of standard rectangular ribs.