KR880010220A - 매트 담체/기체 서브조립체 및 촉매변환기의 제조방법 - Google Patents
매트 담체/기체 서브조립체 및 촉매변환기의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR880010220A KR880010220A KR1019880001012A KR880001012A KR880010220A KR 880010220 A KR880010220 A KR 880010220A KR 1019880001012 A KR1019880001012 A KR 1019880001012A KR 880001012 A KR880001012 A KR 880001012A KR 880010220 A KR880010220 A KR 880010220A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- swelling
- mat
- catalytic converter
- cell
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
- F01N3/2853—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
- F01N3/2857—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing the mats or gaskets being at least partially made of intumescent material, e.g. unexpanded vermiculite
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
- F01N3/2853—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
- F01N3/2864—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing the mats or gaskets comprising two or more insulation layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2350/00—Arrangements for fitting catalyst support or particle filter element in the housing
- F01N2350/02—Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing
- F01N2350/04—Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing with means compensating thermal expansion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
- F01N2470/10—Tubes having non-circular cross section
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49345—Catalytic device making
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49789—Obtaining plural product pieces from unitary workpiece
- Y10T29/49798—Dividing sequentially from leading end, e.g., by cutting or breaking
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
내용 없음
Description
본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음
제 1도는 본 발명에 따라 장치된 두 개의 세라믹기체(substrate)를 갖는 촉매변환기의 일부 측단면도,
제 2도는 촉매 모놀리스 변환기내의 종래 부풀음매트담체(mat support)를 나타내는 일부 절개평면도,
제 3도는 제 1도의 라인 3-3을 따르는 단면도.
Claims (6)
- 기체가 고정치수를 갖는 모놀리식 촉매변환기내에 장치되는 경우, 알려져 있지 않은 다양한 치수의 파열성기체(14', 15')주위의 부풀음매트(46, 47)의 장치밀도를 조절하는 방법에 있어서, 다음과 같은 단계 즉, 파열성기체(14', 15')를 랜덤하게 선택하는 단계 ; 및 상기 기체치수의변화를 보상하도록 소정치수의 매트/기체 서브조립체(110,114)를 달성하기 위하여 선택된 파열성 기체주위를 운모매트의 충분한 외선층으로 래핑하는 단계를 포함하며, 선택된 기체의 치수변화에 무관하게 상기 변환기 하우징(13)내에 장치되는 경우, 매트장치 밀도는 소정값내에 유지되도록 함을 특징으로 하는 부풀음 매트의 장치밀도 조절방법.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 파열성기체(14', 15')가 세라믹기체임을 특징으로 하는 부풀음 매트의 장치밀도 조절방법.
- 제 2항에 있어서, 상기 부풀음매트에 의해서 고정되는 모놀리식 세라믹기체(14', 15')를 갖는 촉매변환기를 소정 장치밀도로 조립하기 위하여, 다음과 같은 단계 즉, 다양한 외주치수를 갖는 상기 기체의 목록으로부터 모놀리식 기체(14', 15')를 선택하는 단계 ; 선택된 모놀리식기체(14', 15')의 외주치수를 측정하는 단계 ; 상기 외주치수의 측정에 의해서 미리 결정된 상기매트의 소정길이(108, 110)를 부풀음매트의 목록으로부터 선택하는 단계 ; 상기 소정길이의 매트를 모놀리식기체(14', 15')주위에 래핑하는 단계 : 및 래핑된 모놀리식기체(110, 114)를 하우징(13)내에 장치하는 단계를 포함하여, 매트의 소정길이(108, 112)가 변환기 사용중에 그것의 온도가 증가되는 경우, 하우징(13)내의 상기 조절된 장치밀도를 제공하도록 함을 특징으로 하는 부풀음 매트의 장치밀도 조절방법.
- 내연기관의 배출개스를 정화하는 촉매변환기에 있어서, 소정 외주치수의 관현금속셀(16, 18) ; 상기 셀에 의해서 에워싸여지고 상기 셀의 내부로부터 부풀음재료(46)의 제 1두께에 의해서 일정간격으로 배열되고 정렬되어 부재(10)를 통한 흐름이 셀의 축에 대하여 근본적으로 축상이 되도록 하는 제 1개스투과 세라믹 촉매부재(10) ; 상기 셀에 의해서 에워싸여지고 상기 셀의 내부로부터 부풀음재(47)의 제 2두께에 의해서 일정간격을 갖고 상기 제 1촉매 부재(10)와, 일련 흐름을 위해, 일련일직선 배열되어 부재(12)를 통한 흐름이 셀의 축에 대하여 근본적으로 축상이 되도록하는 제 2개스투과 세라믹 촉매부재(12)를 포함하고, 부풀음매트(46, 47)의 상기 제 1 및 제 2두께가 상기 제 1항에서 제 3항중의 어느 한 항을 따르는 방법에 의해서 형성되고 부풀음재(46)의 상기 제 1두께는 부풀음재(47)의 제 2두께보다 다른수의 층으로 형성되어 셀(16, 17)과 각각의 촉매부재(10, 12)사이의 다른공간을 보상하도록 함을 특징으로 하는 촉매변환기(catalyic convert)
- 제 4항에 있어서, 부풀음재(46, 47)의 제 1 및 제 2의 두께는 동일한 두께를 갖는 매트의 회선층에 의해서 형성됨을 특징으로 하는 촉매변환기.
- 제 4항에 있어서, 부풀음재(46, 47)의 제 1 및 제 2의 두께 각각은 촉매 부재주위를 회선형으로 래핑되는 시이트형의 부풀음재에 의해서 형성되고, 상기 시이트의 단부는 각각 촉매부재(10, 12)의 주변을 서로에 대해서 오프셋 되도록 하여 상기 층상의 부풀음재를 셀(16, 18)과 각각의 촉매부재(10, 12)사이의 공간에 균일하게 일치시키도록 함을 특징으로 하는 촉매변환기.※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US014,283 | 1987-02-13 | ||
US07/014,283 US4750251A (en) | 1987-02-13 | 1987-02-13 | Mat support/substrate subassembly and method of making a catalytic converter therewith |
US14,283 | 1987-02-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR880010220A true KR880010220A (ko) | 1988-10-07 |
KR910001691B1 KR910001691B1 (ko) | 1991-03-18 |
Family
ID=21764545
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019880001012A KR910001691B1 (ko) | 1987-02-13 | 1988-02-04 | 매트담체/기체 서브조립체 및 촉매변환기의 제조방법 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4750251A (ko) |
EP (1) | EP0278597B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JPS63201310A (ko) |
KR (1) | KR910001691B1 (ko) |
AU (1) | AU606914B2 (ko) |
CA (1) | CA1296647C (ko) |
DE (1) | DE3870900D1 (ko) |
ES (1) | ES2031233T3 (ko) |
MX (1) | MX169830B (ko) |
Families Citing this family (30)
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DE3738537A1 (de) * | 1987-11-13 | 1989-06-01 | Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines traegerkoerpers fuer einen katalytischen reaktor |
DE69010753T2 (de) * | 1989-05-01 | 1994-12-08 | Carborundum Co | Blähendes Befestigungspolster. |
GB9222286D0 (en) * | 1992-10-23 | 1992-12-09 | Fibre Tech Ltd | Catalytic converters |
JPH06288232A (ja) * | 1993-04-05 | 1994-10-11 | Nippon Steel Corp | タンデム型メタル担体 |
DE59400450D1 (de) * | 1993-07-07 | 1996-08-29 | Leistritz Abgastech | Abgaskonverter |
DE4433974C1 (de) * | 1994-09-23 | 1996-03-28 | Eberspaecher J | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Katalysatoren |
EP0837229B1 (en) * | 1996-10-15 | 2002-04-24 | Corning Incorporated | Method of making a catalytic converter for use in an internal combustion engine |
EP0856646A1 (en) * | 1997-02-03 | 1998-08-05 | Corning Incorporated | Method of making a catalytic converter for use in an internal combustion engine |
US6051193A (en) | 1997-02-06 | 2000-04-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Multilayer intumescent sheet |
CA2278486C (en) | 1997-02-06 | 2005-12-27 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Multilayer intumescent sheet |
DE69817637T2 (de) | 1997-02-12 | 2004-08-05 | Corning Inc. | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators einer Brennkraftmaschine |
EP0975421B1 (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 2014-06-18 | Basf Se | Preparation of low-dust stabilisers |
US5909916A (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-06-08 | General Motors Corporation | Method of making a catalytic converter |
US6591497B2 (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 2003-07-15 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Method of making converter housing size based upon substrate size |
AU2034800A (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2000-07-12 | Corning Incorporated | A catalytic converter for use in an internal combustion engine and a method of making |
US6317976B1 (en) | 1998-12-28 | 2001-11-20 | Corning Incorporated | Method of making a catalytic converter for use in an internal combustion engine |
US6759015B2 (en) | 1999-03-23 | 2004-07-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Insulated mounting for a pollution control device |
DE69925042T2 (de) * | 1999-07-13 | 2006-03-02 | Wimetal S.A. | Verfahren zur herstellung von katalysatoren und anordnung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
DE10046610C1 (de) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-04-25 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Fest-Los-Lagerung eines Katalysator-Trägerkörpers |
US20060045824A1 (en) * | 2004-08-25 | 2006-03-02 | Foster Michael R | Gas treatment device and system, and method for making the same |
US7682577B2 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2010-03-23 | Geo2 Technologies, Inc. | Catalytic exhaust device for simplified installation or replacement |
US7682578B2 (en) | 2005-11-07 | 2010-03-23 | Geo2 Technologies, Inc. | Device for catalytically reducing exhaust |
US7722828B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2010-05-25 | Geo2 Technologies, Inc. | Catalytic fibrous exhaust system and method for catalyzing an exhaust gas |
KR100815015B1 (ko) * | 2006-02-17 | 2008-03-18 | 한국델파이주식회사 | 자동차의 배기가스 정화장치 |
DE102006015658A1 (de) * | 2006-04-04 | 2007-10-25 | Arvinmeritor Emissions Technologies Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen von abgasführenden Vorrichtungen, insbesondere Abgasreinigungsvorrichtungen |
US7823285B2 (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2010-11-02 | Automotive Components Holdings, Llc | Method of selectively assembling multiple catalytic elements within a catalytic converter housing |
CN104895654A (zh) * | 2008-11-11 | 2015-09-09 | 坦尼科汽车营业公司 | 用于处理排气的催化单元以及这种单元的制造方法 |
US20100239469A1 (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2010-09-23 | Keith Olivier | Monolithic exhaust treatment unit for treating an exhaust gas |
US9790836B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2017-10-17 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company, Inc. | Loose-fill insulation exhaust gas treatment device and methods of manufacturing |
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JPS5298008A (en) * | 1976-02-13 | 1977-08-17 | Tsuchiya Seisakusho | Foamed ceramic supports and manufacture |
US4048363A (en) * | 1976-06-16 | 1977-09-13 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Offset laminated intumescent mounting mat |
CA1102706A (en) * | 1977-05-06 | 1981-06-09 | Rainer Scholz | Monolithic metal catalyst for the detoxication of the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines |
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JPS5522608A (en) * | 1978-08-03 | 1980-02-18 | Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd | Germicidal composition for agriculture and horticulture |
US4239733A (en) * | 1979-04-16 | 1980-12-16 | General Motors Corporation | Catalytic converter having a monolith with support and seal means therefor |
FR2473623A1 (fr) * | 1980-01-14 | 1981-07-17 | Maremont Corp | Ensemble de purification catalytique des gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne d'automobiles et procede de fabrication de cet ensemble |
JPS58165516A (ja) * | 1982-03-25 | 1983-09-30 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排気ガスの処理装置及びその製造方法 |
US4385135A (en) * | 1982-05-26 | 1983-05-24 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Intumescent sheet material containing low density fillers |
US4559205A (en) * | 1983-02-28 | 1985-12-17 | General Motors Corporation | Catalytic converter substrate and retainer assembly |
JPS6189915A (ja) * | 1984-10-09 | 1986-05-08 | Nippon Raintsu Kk | 排気ガス浄化装置の製造方法 |
-
1987
- 1987-02-13 US US07/014,283 patent/US4750251A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-10-07 CA CA000548744A patent/CA1296647C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1988
- 1988-01-15 EP EP88300306A patent/EP0278597B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-01-15 DE DE8888300306T patent/DE3870900D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-01-15 ES ES198888300306T patent/ES2031233T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-01-27 AU AU10775/88A patent/AU606914B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-02-02 MX MX026492A patent/MX169830B/es unknown
- 1988-02-04 KR KR1019880001012A patent/KR910001691B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-02-13 JP JP63030085A patent/JPS63201310A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR910001691B1 (ko) | 1991-03-18 |
US4750251A (en) | 1988-06-14 |
EP0278597A3 (en) | 1990-01-10 |
JPS63201310A (ja) | 1988-08-19 |
EP0278597A2 (en) | 1988-08-17 |
MX169830B (es) | 1993-07-27 |
DE3870900D1 (de) | 1992-06-17 |
AU606914B2 (en) | 1991-02-21 |
ES2031233T3 (es) | 1992-12-01 |
CA1296647C (en) | 1992-03-03 |
AU1077588A (en) | 1988-08-18 |
EP0278597B1 (en) | 1992-05-13 |
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