KR20070085906A - 액상선 근방 사출 성형 방법 - Google Patents
액상선 근방 사출 성형 방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20070085906A KR20070085906A KR1020077012920A KR20077012920A KR20070085906A KR 20070085906 A KR20070085906 A KR 20070085906A KR 1020077012920 A KR1020077012920 A KR 1020077012920A KR 20077012920 A KR20077012920 A KR 20077012920A KR 20070085906 A KR20070085906 A KR 20070085906A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- metal
- injection molding
- temperature
- component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title description 36
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 181
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 178
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910021323 Mg17Al12 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 37
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 19
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- 229910018137 Al-Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 229910003023 Mg-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018084 Al-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910018192 Al—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019018 Mg 2 Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910019752 Mg2Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- -1 cyrylcone carbide Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000399 optical microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/003—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using inert gases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S164/00—Metal founding
- Y10S164/90—Rheo-casting
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/985,879 | 2004-11-10 | ||
| US10/985,879 US7255151B2 (en) | 2004-11-10 | 2004-11-10 | Near liquidus injection molding process |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| KR20070085906A true KR20070085906A (ko) | 2007-08-27 |
Family
ID=36315127
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020077012920A Ceased KR20070085906A (ko) | 2004-11-10 | 2005-11-09 | 액상선 근방 사출 성형 방법 |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7255151B2 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP1819464A4 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP2008519690A (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR20070085906A (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN101056728A (https=) |
| AU (1) | AU2005304221B2 (https=) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0517746A (https=) |
| CA (1) | CA2582687C (https=) |
| IL (1) | IL182379A0 (https=) |
| MX (1) | MX2007005401A (https=) |
| RU (1) | RU2352435C1 (https=) |
| TW (1) | TWI307368B (https=) |
| WO (2) | WO2006050597A1 (https=) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20170007444A (ko) * | 2014-05-16 | 2017-01-18 | 지스코 컴퍼니 리미티드 | 저과열 내지 무가열 온도에서의 주조를 위한 용융 금속의 제조 공정 |
Families Citing this family (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100611673B1 (ko) * | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-10 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 박막 형성 방법 및 유기전계발광소자의 제조 방법 |
| US7353858B2 (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2008-04-08 | Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd. | Cap for servicing molding-system valve |
| US20080041499A1 (en) * | 2006-08-16 | 2008-02-21 | Alotech Ltd. Llc | Solidification microstructure of aggregate molded shaped castings |
| WO2008046219A1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2008-04-24 | G-Mag International Inc. | Process control method and system for molding semi-solid materials |
| US20080295989A1 (en) * | 2007-05-30 | 2008-12-04 | Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd. | Near-Liquidus Rheomolding of Injectable Alloy |
| US7699092B2 (en) * | 2007-06-18 | 2010-04-20 | Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd. | Metal-molding system and process for making foamed alloy |
| CN101688270B (zh) | 2007-06-28 | 2012-09-05 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | 镁合金板 |
| US20090107646A1 (en) * | 2007-10-31 | 2009-04-30 | Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd. | Metal-Molding Conduit Assembly of Metal-Molding System |
| US8535604B1 (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2013-09-17 | Dean M. Baker | Multifunctional high strength metal composite materials |
| US8813816B2 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2014-08-26 | Apple Inc. | Methods of melting and introducing amorphous alloy feedstock for casting or processing |
| CO7320177A1 (es) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-07-10 | Univ Pontificia Bolivariana Upb | Método para la manufactura de materiales compuesto de matriz metálica de estructura globular con partículas cerámicas |
| RU2592795C1 (ru) * | 2015-04-03 | 2016-07-27 | Федеральное казенное предприятие "Алексинский химический комбинат" (ФКП АХК) | Способ изготовления гранул армированного полимерного прессматериала и устройство для его осуществления |
| KR102090073B1 (ko) | 2015-07-13 | 2020-03-17 | 엔테그리스, 아이엔씨. | 격납이 향상된 기재 용기 |
| FR3059170B1 (fr) * | 2016-11-24 | 2018-11-02 | Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur | Roue polaire d'inducteur de machine electrique tournante |
| KR102016144B1 (ko) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-09-09 | (주) 장원테크 | 고방열 마그네슘 합금 제조방법 |
| CN111451472A (zh) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-07-28 | 宁波勋辉电器有限公司 | 镁合金车用喇叭罩壳的制造方法 |
| CN112705714B (zh) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-11-02 | 燕山大学 | 用于表面修复一体化设备的半固态浆料制备及供料装置 |
| CN116037888A (zh) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-05-02 | 山东天元重工有限公司 | 一种铁路镁合金垫板的制造方法 |
| CN116727630A (zh) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-09-12 | 伯乐智能装备股份有限公司 | 一种大注射量球状晶镁合金触变成型工艺及设备 |
| CN117921004B (zh) * | 2024-01-24 | 2025-09-26 | 广东省科学院新材料研究所 | 一种金属材料触变注射成型用原料及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN120715193B (zh) * | 2025-08-19 | 2025-10-31 | 湖南大学苏州研究院 | 一种双压射协同铸造系统及铸造方法 |
| CN120940607A (zh) * | 2025-10-16 | 2025-11-14 | 东莞市汇鑫精密铸造有限公司 | 一种支架铝合金压铸模具的真空压铸装置 |
Family Cites Families (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2179673A (en) * | 1985-08-23 | 1987-03-11 | London Scandinavian Metall | Grain refining copper alloys |
| US4832112A (en) * | 1985-10-03 | 1989-05-23 | Howmet Corporation | Method of forming a fine-grained equiaxed casting |
| US5040589A (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1991-08-20 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method and apparatus for the injection molding of metal alloys |
| GB9501645D0 (en) * | 1995-01-27 | 1995-03-15 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | The manufacture of composite materials |
| JP2972852B2 (ja) * | 1996-05-07 | 1999-11-08 | 工業技術院長 | 連続的撹拌凝固による超微細結晶粒金属材料の製造方法 |
| AUPO110296A0 (en) * | 1996-07-18 | 1996-08-08 | University Of Melbourne, The | Liquidus casting of alloys |
| GB9618216D0 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1996-10-09 | Triplex Lloyd Plc | Method of making fine grained castings |
| JP3475707B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-27 | 2003-12-08 | マツダ株式会社 | 金属の半溶融射出成形方法及びその装置 |
| JP3370278B2 (ja) * | 1998-07-03 | 2003-01-27 | マツダ株式会社 | 金属の半溶融射出成形方法及びその装置 |
| US6250364B1 (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 2001-06-26 | International Business Machines Corporation | Semi-solid processing to form disk drive components |
| JP3337135B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-30 | 2002-10-21 | 日精樹脂工業株式会社 | 金属材料の射出成形方法 |
| US6808679B2 (en) * | 1999-12-15 | 2004-10-26 | Noranda, Inc. | Magnesium-based casting alloys having improved elevated temperature performance, oxidation-resistant magnesium alloy melts, magnesium-based alloy castings prepared therefrom and methods for preparing same |
| US6502624B1 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2003-01-07 | Williams International Co., L.L.C. | Multiproperty metal forming process |
| US6494703B2 (en) * | 2001-02-23 | 2002-12-17 | Husky Injection Molding Systems, Ltd. | Barrel assembly |
| JP2003025054A (ja) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-01-28 | Kobe Steel Ltd | マグネシウム合金の射出成形方法及び装置 |
| US6938669B2 (en) * | 2001-08-30 | 2005-09-06 | Denso Corporation | Metal molding method and apparatus |
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| JP3549054B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-25 | 2004-08-04 | 俊杓 洪 | 固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法、その装置、半凝固金属スラリの製造方法およびその装置 |
| JP3549055B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-25 | 2004-08-04 | 俊杓 洪 | 固液共存状態金属材料成形用ダイカスト方法、その装置、半凝固成形用ダイカスト方法およびその装置 |
| JP3520991B1 (ja) * | 2002-09-25 | 2004-04-19 | 俊杓 洪 | 固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法 |
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| US7220492B2 (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2007-05-22 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Metal matrix composite articles |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20170007444A (ko) * | 2014-05-16 | 2017-01-18 | 지스코 컴퍼니 리미티드 | 저과열 내지 무가열 온도에서의 주조를 위한 용융 금속의 제조 공정 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2582687C (en) | 2010-05-04 |
| WO2006050599A1 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
| RU2352435C1 (ru) | 2009-04-20 |
| IL182379A0 (en) | 2007-07-24 |
| TW200636081A (en) | 2006-10-16 |
| BRPI0517746A (pt) | 2008-10-21 |
| AU2005304221B2 (en) | 2008-06-05 |
| TWI307368B (en) | 2009-03-11 |
| AU2005304221A1 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
| EP1819464A4 (en) | 2008-11-12 |
| US20060096733A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
| CA2582687A1 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
| US7237594B2 (en) | 2007-07-03 |
| MX2007005401A (es) | 2007-07-04 |
| RU2007121668A (ru) | 2008-12-20 |
| CN101056728A (zh) | 2007-10-17 |
| JP2008519690A (ja) | 2008-06-12 |
| US20060096734A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
| WO2006050597A1 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
| US7255151B2 (en) | 2007-08-14 |
| EP1819464A1 (en) | 2007-08-22 |
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