WO2008046219A1 - Process control method and system for molding semi-solid materials - Google Patents
Process control method and system for molding semi-solid materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008046219A1 WO2008046219A1 PCT/CA2007/001847 CA2007001847W WO2008046219A1 WO 2008046219 A1 WO2008046219 A1 WO 2008046219A1 CA 2007001847 W CA2007001847 W CA 2007001847W WO 2008046219 A1 WO2008046219 A1 WO 2008046219A1
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- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- feedstock material
- molding
- feedstock
- shot
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/32—Controlling equipment
Definitions
- Figure 1 shows a cross section of a conventional thixomolding machine and mold
- Figure 2 shows a cut away perspective view of a test crucible in accordance with an aspect of the present invention
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
A system and method for controlling the molding of products from semi-solid materials tests feedstock materials prior to molding. The actual temperature at which a desired percentage of solids will be obtained in the molding shot is determined by the testing and the molding operation is performed with the molding shot substantially at the determined temperature. In one embodiment, the feedstock is tested at appropriate intervals, such as at each change of feedstock lot. In another embodiment, the feedstock is tested at regular intervals during the molding process and an open loop or closed loop control system is employed to alter the process temperature, as needed, during molding operations.
Description
Process Control Method and System For Molding Semi-Solid Materials
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a process control system and method for controlling a molding operation. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system and method for controlling the molding of parts from semi-solid materials.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The manufacture of parts by molding or casting semi-solid materials is well known. One example of such a manufacturing process is the molding of magnesium based alloys, typically referred to as thixomolding. In thixomolding, the magnesium alloy is heated to a semi-solid state and is then injected into a tool to form the part. While thixomolding can provide numerous advantages over die casting and/or over molding from other materials, it can be challenging to reliably produce parts of acceptable quality. In particular, the thixomolding process is very sensitive to the percentage of solid materials in the semi-solid molding shot. Changes of one percent or less in the amount of solid material in the molding shot can result in the difference between an acceptable part and an unacceptable part.
The percentage of solids in a molding shot depends upon the temperature of the shot and the liquidus temperature of the shot feedstock material. Conventionally, a machine operator will test mold several parts and will adjust the operating temperature of the molding machine depending upon the results of the test molding operations until the desired result is obtained. It may also be required to vary the operating temperature of the machine during molding operations to maintain the desired part quality as molding process variables change. Unfortunately, these techniques result in wastage as test parts and improperly molded production parts must be examined and rejected and disposed of, increasing expenses. Further, it is difficult to reliably mold high quality or complex to mold parts in a reproducible manner.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel system and method of controlling the manufacture of parts by molding or casting semi-solid materials which obviates or mitigates at least one disadvantage of the prior art. According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling the molding of parts from a semi-solid material with a pre- specified percentage of solids formed from a feedstock material, comprising the steps of: selecting a feedstock material with a known nominal phase diagram; determining the actual liquidus temperature of the selected feedstock material; from the difference between the liquidus temperature specified in the known nominal phase diagram and the actual determined liquidus temperature, determining the temperature at which the pre-specified percentage of solids will be obtained from the feedstock; and adjusting the heating of the feedstock material in the molding process to obtain a molding shot substantially at the determined temperature at which the pre-specified percentage of solids will be obtained from the feedstock; and molding a part from the obtained molding shot.
Preferably, the step of determining the actual liquidus temperature of the selected feedstock material is performed at least once for each lot of feedstock material. More preferably, the step of determining the actual liquidus temperature of the selected feedstock material is performed at regular intervals during molding operations.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a crucible for testing a feedstock material of metal alloy to determine at least the liquidus temperature of the feedstock material, comprising: an upper gas chamber; a lower test chamber to receive a feedstock material to be tested, the test chamber comprising an upper conical portion and a lower cylindrical portion and the test chamber being hermetically sealed to the upper gas chamber; a thermocouple extending from the upper gas chamber through the center of the upper conical portion and the lower cylindrical portion to contact the feedstock material being tested to provide a signal representing the temperature of the feedstock material; a gas inlet to allow an inert gas to be supplied to the interior of the upper gas chamber and lower test chamber; and a heater to heat the
feedstock material in the lower test chamber to a temperature above the liquidus temperature of the feedstock material.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a molding machine for forming parts from a thixotropic molding shot with a pre- selected percentage of solids, the molding shot formed from a feedstock material, comprising: a barrel and screw assembly, the screw being rotatably located within the barrel and driven by a rotary drive and the assembly including at least one heater to heat feedstock material in the barrel; a test crucible operable to heat a sample of the feedstock material and to output a signal representing the temperature of the feedstock material in the test crucible; a feedstock feeder mechanism operable to supply feedstock to the barrel and screw assembly and the test crucible; and a computing device responsive to the signal from the test crucible to determine the actual liquidus temperature of the feedstock material in the test crucible and to control the output of the at least one heater such that the molding shot is substantially at the actual temperature at which the pre-selected percentage of solids are present in the molding shot.
The present invention provides a system and method for controlling the molding of products from semi-solid materials. The feedstock materials are tested, prior to molding, to determine the actual temperature at which a desired percentage of solids will be obtained in the molding shot. The molding operation is performed with the molding shot substantially at the determined temperature. In one embodiment, the feedstock is tested at appropriate intervals, such as at each change of feedstock lot. In another embodiment, the feedstock is tested at regular intervals during the molding process and an open loop or closed loop control system is employed to alter the process temperature, as needed, during molding operations.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached Figures, wherein: Figure 1 shows a cross section of a conventional thixomolding machine and mold;
Figure 2 shows a cut away perspective view of a test crucible in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;
Figure 3 shows a plot of the output from the test crucible of Figure 2, showing the derivation of the liquidus and solidus temperatures from a test sample;
Figure 4 shows a flowchart of a process in accordance with the present invention; and
Figure 5 shows a schematic view of a portion of a thixomolding machine in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A thixomolding machine and mold is indicated generally at 20 in Figure 1. The molding machine 24 comprises a rotary drive 28 which drives a screw 32 located in a barrel 36. Solid feedstock 40 is introduced into barrel 36 via a vacuum conveyor 44 and a feeder screw 48 with an inert gas 52, such as argon. While feedstock 40 is heated to some extent by the resulting friction of its movement along screw 32 in barrel 36, a series of heater bands 56 are provided along barrel 36 to add additional heat sufficient for heating feedstock 40 to a desired molding temperature. By controlling the amount of heat added by heater bands 56, the temperature of the molding shot can be selected as desired. The resulting shot 60 of semi-solid molding material is expressed through a nozzle 64 into a mold 68 to form a molded part 72
In thixomolding, feedstock 40 can be in the form of a powered, chipped or pelletized alloy of magnesium and other metals. Under the ASTM standards for thixomolding, feedstock alloys are named in the form of AZ91 D, where the first letter represents the first alloying element added to the magnesium, the second letter represents the second alloying element added to the magnesium, the first digit indicates the amount of the first alloying element, the second digit indicates the amount of the second alloying element and the final letter is an assigned letter to distinguish between alloys having the same nominal designation. Thus, AZ91 D is an alloy of magnesium with aluminum and zinc with a nominal 9% aluminum content and a nominal 1 % zinc content. Table 1 shows the
composition of some conventional thixomolding feedstock materials.
Table 1
In thixomolding, the percentage of solids in the mold shot is directly dependent upon the temperature of the molding material relative to the material's liquidus temperature. In turn, the liquidus temperature of the material is dependent upon the composition of the alloy material. As shown in Table 1 , the aluminum content of AZ91 D, for example, can vary ±0.5% (between 8.5% and 9.5%) and this variation in the aluminum content changes the liquidus temperature of AZ91 D and thus the percentage of solids in a thixomolding shot for a given temperature.
For example, the present inventors have determined that, for AZ91 D with 8.5% Aluminum content, at 590°C, a thixomolding shot will have a solids content of 5%. Conversely, for AZ91 D with 9.5% Aluminum content at 59O0C, a thixomolding shot will have a solids content of 20%. Similar variations in solids content at a given temperature occur for other thixomolding alloys as their compositions vary.
As will be apparent to those of skill in the art of thixomolding, even much less than a 15% variation in solids content can prove problematic to obtaining acceptable molded parts. Thus, the above-mentioned requirement for molding test parts and/or the ongoing variation of molding processes is exacerbated by the variations in feedstock alloys which can occur between lots and/or between manufacturers.
Thus, the present inventors have developed a system and method for determining the liquidus temperature for feedstock material and adjusting the temperature of thixomolding shot accordingly to achieve a desired percentage of
solids in the shot.
Figure 2 shows a test crucible 100 which the present inventors have developed for determining the liquidus temperature of a feedstock alloy. The interior of crucible 100 includes a lower test chamber 104 and an upper gas chamber 108 which are joined together in a gastight manner. Lower test chamber 104 includes a conical upper portion 1 12 and a cylindrical lower portion 1 16 and a thermocouple 120 extends into the center of cylindrical lower portion 1 16 while the signal leads 124 from thermocouple 120 extend through a gastight sealed aperture in upper gas chamber 108. Feedstock material is introduced to the test chamber 104 and is heated by an inductive heater (not shown) in the presence of an inert gas, such as argon, introduced to the interior of crucible 100 through an inlet 128. As the feedstock material is heated, thermocouple 120 provides a measurement of the temperature of the feedstock material to a suitable recording device (not shown) through signal leads 124. While not required, the combination of conical upper portion 1 12 and lower cylindrical portion 116 ensure that the feedstock material is maintained in good contact with thermocouple 120 as the feedstock material is heated and liquefies, thus reducing its volume, providing for accurate temperature measurements. Figure 3 shows a plot 200 of the temperature versus time data and a plot
204 of the derivative (dT/dt) of the temperature versus time curve for a sample of AZ91 D with an aluminum content of 7.6%. From point 208 on plot 204, the liquidus temperature of 601 0C can be determined and from point 216 on plot 208, the solidus temperature of 423 0C can be determined. Table 2 shows the example results of liquidus temperatures (TL) obtained with crucible 100 for each of feedstock alloys AZ91 , AM60 and AJ52, each with three different percentage contents of aluminum.
In one embodiment, the temperature at which the desired percentage of solids is obtained is determined by effectively shifting the nominal phase diagram for the feedstock material in view of the determined actual liquidus temperature and then determining the respective temperature at which the desired percentage of solids will be obtained for the actual measured feedstock from the shifted phase diagram. While this discussion employs the term "phase diagram" to describe the data defining the phase change characteristics of the feedstock alloy materials, the present invention is not limited to this information being in a diagram or in any other particular format and it is instead intended that the term "phase diagram" encompass any and all means of representing the phase change characteristics of feedstock alloy materials. It is contemplated that this embodiment, which is described more fully below with reference to Figure 4, can advantageously be employed when relatively large lots of feedstock material with the same composition are available.
Figure 4 shows a flowchart representing the method of a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the method commences at step 300 wherein a feedstock material is selected (i.e. - AZ91 , AM60, etc.) and its nominal phase diagram is obtained. As is known to those of skill in the art, nominal phase diagrams are generally available for each of the available feedstock materials, either from standards laboratories, the feedstock manufacturer or from other sources.
At step 304, the nominal temperature at which a desired percentage of solids is obtained in the thixotropic molding shot is determined from the phase
diagram. At step 308, a sample of the feedstock material is tested to determine at least its actual liquidus temperature. At step 312, the determined actual liquidus temperature is used to shift the nominal phase diagram for the feedstock material to determine the actual temperature at which the desired percentage of solids will be obtained.
At step 316, the heating of the feedstock material through the molding machine is adjusted such that the molding shot is heated to the determined actual temperature at which the desired percentage of solids will be obtained and, at step 320, one or more parts are molded with the properly heated thixotropic material.
In another embodiment of the present invention, it is contemplated that the determination of the actual liquidus temperature will be performed on an ongoing basis, for each molding shot or for each nth molding shot. A portion of a thixomolding machine, in accordance with this embodiment, is indicated at 400 shown in Figure 5. Thixomolding machine 400 includes a feedstock supply and/or feeder mechanism 404 which supplies feedstock material to a barrel and screw assembly 408 and to a test crucible 412.
Barrel and screw assembly 408 is a generally conventional thixomolding barrel and screw and their associated components, such as a rotary drive, and barrel and screw assembly includes one or more heater bands 416 whose heat output can be adjusted to alter the temperature of the feedstock material moving through barrel and screw assembly 408.
Test crucible 412 is similar to crucible 100 but also include an outlet 420 which allows tested material to be removed and either disposed of, or (as illustrated) introduced to barrel and screw assembly 408. Test crucible 412 further includes an inlet 424 which allows a sample amount of feedstock to be admitted to test crucible 412 from feeder mechanism 404. While not illustrated, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art, that an inert gas, such as argon, is supplied both to test crucible 412 and to feedstock supplied to barrel and screw assembly 408 to eliminate any atmospheric gases therein.
A signal 428, representing the temperature of the feedstock material in test crucible, is applied to a computer device 432. Computer device 432 can be
any suitable computing device such as a personal computer ruggedized for industrial uses or an industrial control computer, etc.
Computer device 432 receives and processes temperature signal 428 as the sample feedstock material in test crucible 412 is heated and cooled to determine the actual liquidus temperature of the feedstock material in test crucible 412 and which will be provided to barrel and screw assembly 408. Once the actual liquidus temperature of the feedstock material has been determined by computing device 432, computing device 432 determines the temperature for the feedstock material at which the desired percentage of solids (as previously specified to computing device 432 in any appropriate manner) will be obtained, as described above. Computing device 432 then adjusts the output of heater bands 416 to raise or lower the final temperature of the thixotropic molding shot of feedstock material which will be provided from thixomolding machine 400.
While not essential, it is also contemplated that a second thermocouple 436 can be provided at the nozzle of barrel and screw assembly 408 and the output of second thermocouple 436 can be provided to computer device 432 to allow for closed loop control of the thixomolding process, i.e. - if the temperature of the mold shot of material exiting barrel and screw assembly 408 is above or below the determined temperature, computing device 432 makes an appropriate adjustment to the output of heater bands 416 to alter the temperature of the mold shot towards the determined temperature.
As should now be apparent, the present invention provides a system and method for controlling the molding of products from semi-solid materials. Feedstock materials are tested prior to molding and the actual temperature at which a desired percentage of solids in the molding shot will be obtained is determined and the molding operation is performed with the molding shot substantially at the determined temperature. In one embodiment, the feedstock is tested at appropriate intervals, such as at each change of feedstock lot. In another embodiment, the feedstock is tested at regular intervals during the molding process and an open loop or closed loop control system is employed to alter the process temperature, as needed, during molding operations.
The above-described embodiments of the invention are intended to be
examples of the present invention and alterations and modifications may be effected thereto, by those of skill in the art, without departing from the scope of the invention which is defined solely by the claims appended hereto.
Claims
1 . A method of controlling the molding of parts from a semi-solid material with a pre-specified percentage of solids formed from a feedstock material, comprising the steps of: selecting a feedstock material with a known nominal phase diagram; determining the actual liquidus temperature of the selected feedstock material; from the difference between the liquidus temperature specified in the known nominal phase diagram and the actual determined liquidus temperature, determining the temperature at which the pre-specified percentage of solids will be obtained from the feedstock; and adjusting the heating of the feedstock material in the molding process to obtain a molding shot substantially at the determined temperature at which the pre-specified percentage of solids will be obtained from the feedstock; and molding a part from the obtained molding shot.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining the actual liquidus temperature of the selected feedstock material is performed at least once for each lot of feedstock material.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining the actual liquidus temperature of the selected feedstock material is performed at regular intervals during molding operations.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the feedstock material is a magnesium alloy.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the actual liquidus temperature is determined by heating a sample of the feedstock in a test crucible.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein a computing device operates the test crucible and determines the liquidus temperature of the test sample, determines the temperature at which the pre-specified percentage of solids will be present in the molding shot and adjusts the heating of the feedstock to heat the molding shot to the determined temperature.
7. The method of claim 6 further comprising the step of measuring the temperature of the molding shot, the computing device comparing the measured temperature to the determined temperature and adjusting, if necessary, the temperature of the molding shot.
8. The method of claim 5 wherein, after determining the liquidus temperature of the sample feedstock material, the sample feedstock material is added to the feedstock material in the molding process.
9. A crucible for testing a feedstock material of metal alloy to determine at least the liquidus temperature of the feedstock material, comprising: an upper gas chamber; a lower test chamber to receive a feedstock material to be tested, the test chamber comprising an upper conical portion and a lower cylindrical portion and the test chamber being sealed to the upper gas chamber in a gas tight manner; a thermocouple extending from the upper gas chamber through the center of the upper conical portion and the lower cylindrical portion to contact the feedstock material being tested to provide a signal representing the temperature of the feedstock material; a gas inlet to allow an inert gas to be supplied to the interior of the upper gas chamber and lower test chamber; and a heater to heat the feedstock material in the lower test chamber to a temperature above the liquidus temperature of the feedstock material.
10. A crucible for testing a feedstock material according to claim 9 wherein the feedstock material is a magnesium alloy.
1 1. A crucible for testing a feedstock material according to claim 9 further comprising an inlet to introduce feedstock material to the test chamber and an outlet to remove tested feedstock material from the test chamber.
12. A molding machine for forming parts from a thixotropic molding shot with a pre-selected percentage of solids, the molding shot formed from a feedstock material, comprising: a barrel and screw assembly, the screw being rotatably located within the barrel and driven by a rotary drive and the assembly including at least one heater to heat feedstock material in the barrel; a test crucible operable to heat a sample of the feedstock material and to output a signal representing the temperature of the feedstock material in the test crucible; a feedstock feeder mechanism operable to supply feedstock to the barrel and screw assembly and the test crucible; and a computing device responsive to the signal from the test crucible to determine the actual liquidus temperature of the feedstock material and to control the output of the at least one heater such that the molding shot is substantially at the actual temperature at which the pre-selected percentage of solids are present in the molding shot.
13. A molding machine according to claim 12 wherein the feedstock material is a magnesium alloy.
14. A molding machine according to claim 12 wherein the sample of feedstock heated in the test crucible is supplied to the barrel and screw assembly, after testing, to form part of a molding shot.
15. A molding machine according to claim 12 further including a temperature sensor to measure the temperature of the molding shot exiting the barrel and screw assembly, the temperature sensor outputting a signal representing the measured temperature to the computing device and the computing device being operable to alter the operation of the at least one heater to maintain the measured temperature in substantial agreement with the actual temperature at which the pre-selected percentage of solids are present in the molding shot.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US85293406P | 2006-10-19 | 2006-10-19 | |
| US60/852,934 | 2006-10-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008046219A1 true WO2008046219A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
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ID=39313567
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CA2007/001847 WO2008046219A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 | 2007-10-19 | Process control method and system for molding semi-solid materials |
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| WO (1) | WO2008046219A1 (en) |
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8459331B2 (en) | 2011-08-08 | 2013-06-11 | Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc | Vacuum mold |
| US8701742B2 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2014-04-22 | Apple Inc. | Counter-gravity casting of hollow shapes |
| US8813817B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-08-26 | Apple Inc. | Cold chamber die casting of amorphous alloys using cold crucible induction melting techniques |
| US8813814B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-08-26 | Apple Inc. | Optimized multi-stage inductive melting of amorphous alloys |
| US8813816B2 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2014-08-26 | Apple Inc. | Methods of melting and introducing amorphous alloy feedstock for casting or processing |
| US8813818B2 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2014-08-26 | Apple Inc. | Melt-containment plunger tip for horizontal metal die casting |
| US8813813B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-08-26 | Apple Inc. | Continuous amorphous feedstock skull melting |
| US8826968B2 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2014-09-09 | Apple Inc. | Cold chamber die casting with melt crucible under vacuum environment |
| US8833432B2 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2014-09-16 | Apple Inc. | Injection compression molding of amorphous alloys |
| US8858868B2 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2014-10-14 | Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc | Temperature regulated vessel |
| US9004151B2 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2015-04-14 | Apple Inc. | Temperature regulated melt crucible for cold chamber die casting |
| US9302320B2 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2016-04-05 | Apple Inc. | Melt-containment plunger tip for horizontal metal die casting |
| US9314839B2 (en) | 2012-07-05 | 2016-04-19 | Apple Inc. | Cast core insert out of etchable material |
| US9346099B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2016-05-24 | Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc | Unevenly spaced induction coil for molten alloy containment |
| US9445459B2 (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2016-09-13 | Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc | Slotted shot sleeve for induction melting of material |
| US9873151B2 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2018-01-23 | Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc | Horizontal skull melt shot sleeve |
| US9925583B2 (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2018-03-27 | Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc | Manifold collar for distributing fluid through a cold crucible |
| CN112453351A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-09 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Method and system for adjusting technological parameters of die casting machine and storage medium |
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Cited By (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8459331B2 (en) | 2011-08-08 | 2013-06-11 | Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc | Vacuum mold |
| US8858868B2 (en) | 2011-08-12 | 2014-10-14 | Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc | Temperature regulated vessel |
| US9302320B2 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2016-04-05 | Apple Inc. | Melt-containment plunger tip for horizontal metal die casting |
| US8813818B2 (en) | 2011-11-11 | 2014-08-26 | Apple Inc. | Melt-containment plunger tip for horizontal metal die casting |
| US9314839B2 (en) | 2012-07-05 | 2016-04-19 | Apple Inc. | Cast core insert out of etchable material |
| US8813816B2 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2014-08-26 | Apple Inc. | Methods of melting and introducing amorphous alloy feedstock for casting or processing |
| US9254521B2 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2016-02-09 | Apple Inc. | Methods of melting and introducing amorphous alloy feedstock for casting or processing |
| US8826968B2 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2014-09-09 | Apple Inc. | Cold chamber die casting with melt crucible under vacuum environment |
| US8833432B2 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2014-09-16 | Apple Inc. | Injection compression molding of amorphous alloys |
| US9649685B2 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2017-05-16 | Apple Inc. | Injection compression molding of amorphous alloys |
| US9004151B2 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2015-04-14 | Apple Inc. | Temperature regulated melt crucible for cold chamber die casting |
| US9004149B2 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2015-04-14 | Apple Inc. | Counter-gravity casting of hollow shapes |
| US8701742B2 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2014-04-22 | Apple Inc. | Counter-gravity casting of hollow shapes |
| US9238266B2 (en) | 2012-09-27 | 2016-01-19 | Apple Inc. | Cold chamber die casting with melt crucible under vacuum environment |
| US9101977B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2015-08-11 | Apple Inc. | Cold chamber die casting of amorphous alloys using cold crucible induction melting techniques |
| US8813813B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-08-26 | Apple Inc. | Continuous amorphous feedstock skull melting |
| US8813814B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-08-26 | Apple Inc. | Optimized multi-stage inductive melting of amorphous alloys |
| US8813817B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-08-26 | Apple Inc. | Cold chamber die casting of amorphous alloys using cold crucible induction melting techniques |
| US9346099B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2016-05-24 | Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc | Unevenly spaced induction coil for molten alloy containment |
| US9810482B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2017-11-07 | Apple Inc. | Inline melt control via RF power |
| US9841237B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2017-12-12 | Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc | Unevenly spaced induction coil for molten alloy containment |
| US10197335B2 (en) | 2012-10-15 | 2019-02-05 | Apple Inc. | Inline melt control via RF power |
| US9445459B2 (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2016-09-13 | Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc | Slotted shot sleeve for induction melting of material |
| US9925583B2 (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2018-03-27 | Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc | Manifold collar for distributing fluid through a cold crucible |
| US10857592B2 (en) | 2013-07-11 | 2020-12-08 | Crucible Intellectual Property, LLC. | Manifold collar for distributing fluid through a cold crucible |
| US9873151B2 (en) | 2014-09-26 | 2018-01-23 | Crucible Intellectual Property, Llc | Horizontal skull melt shot sleeve |
| CN112453351A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-03-09 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Method and system for adjusting technological parameters of die casting machine and storage medium |
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