KR20060089184A - 감압 분위기의 탄소농도 측정장치 - Google Patents
감압 분위기의 탄소농도 측정장치 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR20060089184A KR20060089184A KR1020060064952A KR20060064952A KR20060089184A KR 20060089184 A KR20060089184 A KR 20060089184A KR 1020060064952 A KR1020060064952 A KR 1020060064952A KR 20060064952 A KR20060064952 A KR 20060064952A KR 20060089184 A KR20060089184 A KR 20060089184A
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- carbon concentration
- furnace
- vacuum
- concentration measuring
- heat treatment
- Prior art date
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009838 combustion analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/04—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/08—Arrangements of linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/14—Arrangements of heating devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/18—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/04—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
- F27B9/045—Furnaces with controlled atmosphere
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B9/32—Casings
- F27B9/34—Arrangements of linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
- F27D1/0006—Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics
- F27D1/0009—Comprising ceramic fibre elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
- F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B5/16—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
- F27B2005/166—Means to circulate the atmosphere
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
- F27D7/06—Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers
- F27D2007/066—Vacuum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
- F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
- F27D2009/001—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a fluid other than a gas
- F27D2009/0013—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a fluid other than a gas the fluid being water
- F27D2009/0016—Water-spray
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
진공 (2 Pa) | N2 가스 분위기 (0.1 MPa) | 감소율 | |
최대 온도폭 | 298 K | 192 K | 36% |
승온 시간 | 3.4 Ks | 2.0 Ks | 41% |
진공 (0.4 Pa) | N2 가스 분위기 (0.1 MPa) | 감소율 | |
최대 온도폭 | 9 K | 9 K | 0% |
승온 시간 | 3.7 Ks | 2.8 Ks | 24% |
Claims (5)
- 열처리로의 노 동체의 외부와 그 노 동체 내의 처리실 사이를 연통시키는 탄소농도 측정체 삽입 포트(port)와, 그 포트의 내부를 배기시키는 수단과, 상기 노 동체의 외부에 있는 상기 포트의 부분의 진공 시일(seal)을 유지하는 수단과, 상기 노 동체의 외부로부터 상기 처리실 내로 탄소농도 측정체를 운반하는 수단, 및 상기 탄소농도 측정체의 탄소량을 측정하는 수단을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 감압 분위기의 탄소농도 측정장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 탄소농도 측정체가 탄소농도 측정용 강선인 것을 특징으로 하는 탄소농도 측정장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 탄소농도 측정체가 탄소농도 측정용 강(鋼) 호일(foil)인 것을 특징으로 하는 탄소농도 측정장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 탄소농도 측정체가 피침탄처리체의 시편(試片)인 것을 특징으로 하는 탄소농도 측정장치.
- 제 1 항, 제 2 항, 제 3 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 노 동체의 외부에 있는 상기 포트의 부분의 진공 시일을 유지하는 상기 수단이, 탄소농도 측정체를 운반하는 상기 수단을 체결 및 보유하는 수단인 것을 특징으로 하는 탄소농도 측정장치.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001168471A JP4493881B2 (ja) | 2001-06-04 | 2001-06-04 | 真空熱処理炉 |
JPJP-P-2001-00168472 | 2001-06-04 | ||
JP2001168472A JP4710053B2 (ja) | 2001-06-04 | 2001-06-04 | 減圧雰囲気の炭素濃度測定方法及び装置 |
JPJP-P-2001-00168471 | 2001-06-04 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020020030201A Division KR100637808B1 (ko) | 2001-06-04 | 2002-05-30 | 진공 열처리로 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20060089184A true KR20060089184A (ko) | 2006-08-08 |
KR100749133B1 KR100749133B1 (ko) | 2007-08-13 |
Family
ID=26616307
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020020030201A KR100637808B1 (ko) | 2001-06-04 | 2002-05-30 | 진공 열처리로 |
KR1020060064952A KR100749133B1 (ko) | 2001-06-04 | 2006-07-11 | 감압 분위기의 탄소농도 측정장치 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020020030201A KR100637808B1 (ko) | 2001-06-04 | 2002-05-30 | 진공 열처리로 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6709629B2 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP1265044B1 (ko) |
KR (2) | KR100637808B1 (ko) |
DE (1) | DE60212762T2 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101363072B (zh) * | 2008-09-27 | 2010-06-16 | 杭州金舟电炉有限公司 | 一种密封快冷室 |
US20100095875A1 (en) * | 2008-10-20 | 2010-04-22 | Magline, Inc. | Pallet with floor clearance |
AU2010279452B2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2015-04-30 | Swagelok Company | Low temperature carburization under soft vacuum |
CN101881556A (zh) * | 2010-07-09 | 2010-11-10 | 沈阳恒进真空科技有限公司 | 多工作区大容量节能型真空烧结炉 |
CN102062531A (zh) * | 2010-12-17 | 2011-05-18 | 湖南航天工业总公司 | 一种全密闭式微波高温烧结辊道窑炉 |
CN102519254B (zh) * | 2011-12-31 | 2013-09-11 | 西安建筑科技大学 | 一种气氛可控的真空箱式高温炉 |
EP2804965B1 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2020-09-16 | Swagelok Company | Concurrent flow of activating gas in low temperature carburization |
JP6117674B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-22 | 2017-04-19 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 貼合方法及び装置 |
CN103898437A (zh) * | 2014-03-19 | 2014-07-02 | 江苏益科热处理设备有限公司 | 一种采用复合炉衬结构的高温渗碳多用炉 |
CN104654796B (zh) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-06-08 | 浙江省长兴精工电炉制造有限公司 | 一种箱式炉用炉壳 |
CN105219930A (zh) * | 2015-09-17 | 2016-01-06 | 苏州新协力特种工业模板有限公司 | 一种钢铁用真空退火炉 |
US20180195801A1 (en) * | 2017-01-11 | 2018-07-12 | Wishing Star Marble Co. Ltd. | Device and Method for Optimizing Natural Stone |
CN107385381A (zh) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-11-24 | 上海汽车变速器有限公司 | 改善真空低压渗碳均匀性的方法 |
CN115943054A (zh) * | 2019-02-11 | 2023-04-07 | 德仕托金属有限公司 | 密封炉 |
CN113847805B (zh) * | 2021-09-28 | 2023-07-21 | 山东交通学院 | 一种超高温烧结炉 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20214A (en) * | 1858-05-11 | Improved cartridge case | ||
US2698222A (en) | 1949-10-22 | 1954-12-28 | Leeds & Northrup Co | Methods of and apparatus for calibrating measuring systems for constituent potentials |
US3817084A (en) | 1972-11-17 | 1974-06-18 | Nasa | Apparatus for inserting and removing specimens from high temperature vacuum furnaces |
US4118016A (en) * | 1976-10-12 | 1978-10-03 | C.I. Hayes Inc. | Continuous heat treating vacuum furnace |
US4582742A (en) | 1985-02-21 | 1986-04-15 | Gilhart Jack S | High-temperature fibrous insulation module |
US5114635A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1992-05-19 | Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Process for producing carbon material and carbon/carbon composites |
JP2639747B2 (ja) * | 1990-08-23 | 1997-08-13 | 工業技術院長 | ラジアルロータの製造方法 |
JPH04130069A (ja) | 1990-09-19 | 1992-05-01 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | ハニカム状セラミックス構造体の製造方法 |
JP2586972Y2 (ja) | 1991-05-23 | 1998-12-14 | 同和鉱業株式会社 | 炭素濃度測定用鋼線保持棒 |
GB9210327D0 (en) * | 1992-05-14 | 1992-07-01 | Tsl Group Plc | Heat treatment facility for synthetic vitreous silica bodies |
US5643987A (en) * | 1994-05-24 | 1997-07-01 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Synthesis of microporous ceramics |
JP2001012861A (ja) * | 1999-07-01 | 2001-01-19 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 真空炉およびその操業方法 |
US7033446B2 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2006-04-25 | Surface Combustion, Inc. | Vacuum carburizing with unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbons |
-
2002
- 2002-03-28 US US10/108,770 patent/US6709629B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-24 DE DE60212762T patent/DE60212762T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-24 EP EP02253691A patent/EP1265044B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-30 KR KR1020020030201A patent/KR100637808B1/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2004
- 2004-01-16 US US10/760,056 patent/US7024916B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2006
- 2006-07-11 KR KR1020060064952A patent/KR100749133B1/ko active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100637808B1 (ko) | 2006-10-24 |
EP1265044A1 (en) | 2002-12-11 |
EP1265044B1 (en) | 2006-06-28 |
DE60212762D1 (de) | 2006-08-10 |
US6709629B2 (en) | 2004-03-23 |
DE60212762T2 (de) | 2007-06-28 |
KR100749133B1 (ko) | 2007-08-13 |
US20020189322A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
US20040149006A1 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
KR20020092803A (ko) | 2002-12-12 |
US7024916B2 (en) | 2006-04-11 |
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