KR100236995B1 - 하드코팅, 하드코팅에 의해 피복되는 공작물 및 하드코팅에 의해 공작물을 피복하는 코팅방법 - Google Patents
하드코팅, 하드코팅에 의해 피복되는 공작물 및 하드코팅에 의해 공작물을 피복하는 코팅방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR100236995B1 KR100236995B1 KR1019920008321A KR920008321A KR100236995B1 KR 100236995 B1 KR100236995 B1 KR 100236995B1 KR 1019920008321 A KR1019920008321 A KR 1019920008321A KR 920008321 A KR920008321 A KR 920008321A KR 100236995 B1 KR100236995 B1 KR 100236995B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- chromium
- workpiece
- hard coating
- content
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/40—Oxides
- C23C16/403—Oxides of aluminium, magnesium or beryllium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/40—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH147091 | 1991-05-16 | ||
CH01470/91-1 | 1991-05-16 | ||
CH1470/91-1 | 1991-05-16 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR920021734A KR920021734A (ko) | 1992-12-18 |
KR100236995B1 true KR100236995B1 (ko) | 2000-01-15 |
Family
ID=4211238
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019920008321A KR100236995B1 (ko) | 1991-05-16 | 1992-05-16 | 하드코팅, 하드코팅에 의해 피복되는 공작물 및 하드코팅에 의해 공작물을 피복하는 코팅방법 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5310607A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0513662B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP3323534B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR100236995B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1035956C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE134718T1 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9201865A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE59205430D1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20110073427A (ko) * | 2008-10-10 | 2011-06-29 | 오를리콘 트레이딩 아크티엔게젤샤프트, 트뤼프바흐 | 비 감마―상 큐빅 AlCrO |
Families Citing this family (60)
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ATE119583T1 (de) * | 1991-03-27 | 1995-03-15 | Krupp Widia Gmbh | Verbundkörper, verwendung des verbundkörpers und verfahren zu seiner herstellung. |
EP0603585B1 (fr) * | 1992-12-21 | 2000-02-09 | Balzers Aktiengesellschaft | Elément optique, méthode de fabrication d'une couche, couche ou structure à couches et utilisation de l'élément optique |
CH688863A5 (de) | 1994-06-24 | 1998-04-30 | Balzers Hochvakuum | Verfahren zum Beschichten mindestens eines Werkstueckes und Anlage hierfuer. |
US5879823A (en) * | 1995-12-12 | 1999-03-09 | Kennametal Inc. | Coated cutting tool |
DE19830206C2 (de) * | 1997-09-16 | 2001-08-23 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Substraten mit Aluminiumoxid (Al¶2¶O¶3¶) |
AU2003254888A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 | 2004-02-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ALUMINA COATING COMPOSED MAINLY OF Alpha-TYPE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, ALUMINA COATING COMPOSED MAINLY OF Alpha-TYPE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, LAMINATE COATING INCLUDING THE ALUMINA COATING, MEMBER CLAD WITH THE ALUMINA COATING OR LAMINATE COATING, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE MEMBER, AND PHYSICAL EVAPORATION APPARATU |
JP4427271B2 (ja) | 2003-04-30 | 2010-03-03 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | アルミナ保護膜およびその製造方法 |
US9771648B2 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2017-09-26 | Zond, Inc. | Method of ionized physical vapor deposition sputter coating high aspect-ratio structures |
US20050103620A1 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-05-19 | Zond, Inc. | Plasma source with segmented magnetron cathode |
JP4569746B2 (ja) * | 2003-12-22 | 2010-10-27 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮する表面被覆サーメット製切削工具 |
EP1536041B1 (fr) * | 2003-11-25 | 2008-05-21 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Outil de coupe en cermet revêtu d'une couche de revêtement dure résistante à l'écaillement |
CN100445023C (zh) * | 2003-12-22 | 2008-12-24 | 三菱综合材料株式会社 | 具有抗破碎性优异的硬涂层的表面涂覆金属陶瓷切削工具 |
US20050205415A1 (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2005-09-22 | Belousov Igor V | Multi-component deposition |
DE102004044240A1 (de) * | 2004-09-14 | 2006-03-30 | Walter Ag | Schneidwerkzeug mit oxidischer Beschichtung |
EP1803142A1 (fr) * | 2004-09-24 | 2007-07-04 | Zond, Inc. | Appareil de generation de decharges electriques de haute tension |
JP4780513B2 (ja) * | 2005-01-21 | 2011-09-28 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 硬質被覆層が高速切削加工ですぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮する表面被覆サーメット製切削工具 |
MX2007011703A (es) * | 2005-03-24 | 2008-03-10 | Oerlikon Trading Ag | Capa de material duro. |
JP4730651B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-19 | 2011-07-20 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 耐熱合金の高速断続切削加工で硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮する表面被覆サーメット製切削工具 |
ATE541068T1 (de) * | 2005-09-09 | 2012-01-15 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Pvd-beschichtetes schneidwerkzeug |
SE529015C2 (sv) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-04-10 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | PVD-belagt skärverktygsskär tillverkat av hårdmetall |
JP4761141B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-16 | 2011-08-31 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 難削材の高速切削加工で硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮する表面被覆サーメット製切削スローアウエイチップ |
WO2008041402A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-02 | 2008-04-10 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | outil de découpe d'un revêtement de surface |
AU2007306494B2 (en) * | 2006-10-10 | 2012-05-31 | Oerlikon Trading Ag, Truebbach | Layer system having at least one mixed crystal layer of a polyoxide |
US7939181B2 (en) * | 2006-10-11 | 2011-05-10 | Oerlikon Trading Ag, Trubbach | Layer system with at least one mixed crystal layer of a multi-oxide |
US9605338B2 (en) * | 2006-10-11 | 2017-03-28 | Oerlikon Surface Solutions Ag, Pfaffikon | Method for depositing electrically insulating layers |
US8129040B2 (en) * | 2007-05-16 | 2012-03-06 | Oerlikon Trading Ag, Truebbach | Cutting tool |
SE533395C2 (sv) * | 2007-06-08 | 2010-09-14 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Sätt att göra PVD-beläggningar |
DE102007030734A1 (de) | 2007-07-02 | 2009-01-08 | Walter Ag | Beschichtetes Werkzeug |
JP2009035784A (ja) | 2007-08-02 | 2009-02-19 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 酸化物皮膜、酸化物皮膜被覆材および酸化物皮膜の形成方法 |
US7741659B2 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2010-06-22 | United Microelectronics Corp. | Semiconductor device |
JP2009120912A (ja) | 2007-11-15 | 2009-06-04 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 硬質皮膜を備えた耐摩耗性部材 |
SE531933C2 (sv) | 2007-12-14 | 2009-09-08 | Seco Tools Ab | Belagt hårdmetallskär för bearbetning av stål och rostfria stål |
SE532048C2 (sv) | 2008-03-07 | 2009-10-13 | Seco Tools Ab | Oxidbelagt skärverktygsskär för spånavskiljande bearbetning av stål |
SE532049C2 (sv) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-10-13 | Seco Tools Ab | Oxidbelagt skärverktygsskär för spånavskiljande bearbetning av stål |
SE532047C2 (sv) | 2008-03-07 | 2009-10-13 | Seco Tools Ab | Oxidbelagt skärverktygsskär för spånavskiljande bearbetning av gjutjärn |
SE532050C2 (sv) * | 2008-03-07 | 2009-10-13 | Seco Tools Ab | Oxidbelagt skärverktygsskär för spånavskiljande bearbetning av stål |
JP5234925B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-03 | 2013-07-10 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 硬質皮膜およびその形成方法ならびに硬質皮膜被覆部材 |
DE102008026358A1 (de) * | 2008-05-31 | 2009-12-03 | Walter Ag | Werkzeug mit Metalloxidbeschichtung |
JP5435326B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-02 | 2014-03-05 | 日立金属株式会社 | ダイカスト用被覆金型およびその製造方法 |
CZ305038B6 (cs) | 2009-07-28 | 2015-04-08 | Shm, S. R. O. | Způsob vytváření ochranných a funkčních vrstev metodou PVD z katody se sníženou povrchovou elektrickou vodivostí |
DE102009028579B4 (de) | 2009-08-17 | 2013-08-22 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Beschichtete Körper aus Metall, Hartmetall, Cermet oder Keramik sowie Verfahren zur Beschichtung derartiger Körper |
TW201135817A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2011-10-16 | Hon Hai Prec Ind Co Ltd | Colourful multi-layer film structure and the method manufacturing the same |
WO2012018063A1 (fr) | 2010-08-04 | 2012-02-09 | 株式会社タンガロイ | Outil revêtu |
DE102010042828A1 (de) * | 2010-10-22 | 2012-04-26 | Walter Ag | Target für Lichtbogenverfahren |
JP5472529B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-31 | 2014-04-16 | 日立ツール株式会社 | 硬質皮膜被覆部材及びそれを具備する刃先交換式回転工具 |
DE102011053372A1 (de) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-07 | Walter Ag | Werkzeug mit chromhaltiger Funktionsschicht |
WO2014101517A1 (fr) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-03 | Wu Shanghua | Procédé de formation d'un revêtement à base de al2o3 à la surface d'un outil de coupe en nitrure de silicium par pvd et procédé de revêtement faisant appel à un matériau composite |
DE112014001520B4 (de) | 2013-03-21 | 2023-06-15 | Kennametal Inc. | Beschichtungen für Schneidwerkzeuge |
DE112014001562B4 (de) | 2013-03-21 | 2019-08-08 | Kennametal Inc. | Beschichtungen für Schneidwerkzeuge |
US9371580B2 (en) | 2013-03-21 | 2016-06-21 | Kennametal Inc. | Coated body wherein the coating scheme includes a coating layer of TiAl2O3 and method of making the same |
EP3063309B1 (fr) | 2013-11-03 | 2022-10-12 | Oerlikon Surface Solutions AG, Pfäffikon | Couche barrière à l'oxydation |
WO2015099047A1 (fr) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-07-02 | 京セラ株式会社 | Outil de coupe |
DE102014104672A1 (de) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-10-08 | Kennametal Inc. | Beschichtetes Schneidwerkzeug und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
US9719175B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 | 2017-08-01 | Kennametal Inc. | Multilayer structured coatings for cutting tools |
US9650714B2 (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2017-05-16 | Kennametal Inc. | Nanocomposite refractory coatings and applications thereof |
US9650712B2 (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2017-05-16 | Kennametal Inc. | Inter-anchored multilayer refractory coatings |
DE102016108734B4 (de) | 2016-05-11 | 2023-09-07 | Kennametal Inc. | Beschichteter Körper und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Körpers |
DE102016212874A1 (de) * | 2016-07-14 | 2018-01-18 | Oerlikon Surface Solutions Ag, Pfäffikon | Schutzbeschichtung für eine thermisch beanspruchte Struktur |
CN106399930A (zh) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-02-15 | 华南理工大学 | 一种合金钢表面渗氮后原位pvd镀膜的一体化复合处理方法 |
EP3682040B1 (fr) | 2017-09-15 | 2024-06-05 | Oerlikon Surface Solutions AG, Pfäffikon | Revêtements à base d'al-cr-o présentant une stabilité thermique supérieure et leur procédé de production |
Family Cites Families (12)
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US3511703A (en) * | 1963-09-20 | 1970-05-12 | Motorola Inc | Method for depositing mixed oxide films containing aluminum oxide |
US3837894A (en) * | 1972-05-22 | 1974-09-24 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for producing a corrosion resistant duplex coating |
US3990860A (en) * | 1975-11-20 | 1976-11-09 | Nasa | High temperature oxidation resistant cermet compositions |
US4052530A (en) * | 1976-08-09 | 1977-10-04 | Materials Technology Corporation | Co-deposited coating of aluminum oxide and titanium oxide and method of making same |
SE406090B (sv) * | 1977-06-09 | 1979-01-22 | Sandvik Ab | Belagd hardmetallkropp samt sett att framstalla en dylik kropp |
ATA261878A (de) * | 1978-04-14 | 1979-05-15 | Ver Edelstahlwerke Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung beschichteter hart- metallkoerper |
US4357382A (en) * | 1980-11-06 | 1982-11-02 | Fansteel Inc. | Coated cemented carbide bodies |
US4495907A (en) * | 1983-01-18 | 1985-01-29 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Combustion chamber components for internal combustion engines |
US4540596A (en) * | 1983-05-06 | 1985-09-10 | Smith International, Inc. | Method of producing thin, hard coating |
US4615913A (en) * | 1984-03-13 | 1986-10-07 | Kaman Sciences Corporation | Multilayered chromium oxide bonded, hardened and densified coatings and method of making same |
US4668585A (en) * | 1984-06-08 | 1987-05-26 | Osaka Prefecture, Horonobu Oonishi and Kyocera Corporation | Fe-Cr-Al type implant alloy composite for medical treatment |
US4822689A (en) * | 1985-10-18 | 1989-04-18 | Union Carbide Corporation | High volume fraction refractory oxide, thermal shock resistant coatings |
-
1991
- 1991-08-13 US US07/744,532 patent/US5310607A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-05-07 AT AT92107708T patent/ATE134718T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-05-07 EP EP92107708A patent/EP0513662B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-07 DE DE59205430T patent/DE59205430D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-16 KR KR1019920008321A patent/KR100236995B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-05-16 CN CN92104556A patent/CN1035956C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-18 BR BR929201865A patent/BR9201865A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-05-18 JP JP12462492A patent/JP3323534B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-01-26 US US08/187,092 patent/US5447804A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20110073427A (ko) * | 2008-10-10 | 2011-06-29 | 오를리콘 트레이딩 아크티엔게젤샤프트, 트뤼프바흐 | 비 감마―상 큐빅 AlCrO |
KR101660995B1 (ko) | 2008-10-10 | 2016-09-28 | 오를리콘 서피스 솔루션스 아크티엔게젤샤프트, 페피콘 | 비 감마―상 큐빅 AlCrO |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3323534B2 (ja) | 2002-09-09 |
KR920021734A (ko) | 1992-12-18 |
JPH05208326A (ja) | 1993-08-20 |
CN1035956C (zh) | 1997-09-24 |
EP0513662A1 (fr) | 1992-11-19 |
BR9201865A (pt) | 1993-01-05 |
ATE134718T1 (de) | 1996-03-15 |
US5447804A (en) | 1995-09-05 |
DE59205430D1 (de) | 1996-04-04 |
EP0513662B1 (fr) | 1996-02-28 |
CN1069294A (zh) | 1993-02-24 |
US5310607A (en) | 1994-05-10 |
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