JPWO2020054210A1 - 組成物及び積層体 - Google Patents
組成物及び積層体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2020054210A1 JPWO2020054210A1 JP2020546727A JP2020546727A JPWO2020054210A1 JP WO2020054210 A1 JPWO2020054210 A1 JP WO2020054210A1 JP 2020546727 A JP2020546727 A JP 2020546727A JP 2020546727 A JP2020546727 A JP 2020546727A JP WO2020054210 A1 JPWO2020054210 A1 JP WO2020054210A1
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- inorganic filler
- copolymer
- present disclosure
- amide bond
- fluoromonomer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Abstract
Description
本開示は、無機フィラー、フルオロモノマーとアミド結合を有する重合性ビニル化合物との共重合体、及び、溶媒を含むことを特徴とする組成物に関する。
本開示の組成物は、上記共重合体を含むので、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)等を使用する場合と比較して、無機フィラーの分散性(溶媒に対する無機フィラーの分散性)、及び、耐酸化性に優れる。
本開示の組成物は、また、上記共重合体が比較的少量であっても、無機フィラーの分散性、及び、耐酸化性に優れる。
本開示の組成物は、また、長時間(例えば、調製後7日以上)経過しても、無機フィラーの分散性に優れる。
本開示の組成物は、また、粘度変化が小さい。
なかでも、繊維状カーボンが好ましく、カーボンナノチューブ(CNT)がより好ましい。
上記平均粒子径は、粒度分布計や電子顕微鏡(SEM)により測定することができる。
上記繊維状カーボンは、また、平均繊維長/平均繊維径の比率が1〜5000であることが好ましく、1〜500であることがより好ましい。
上記平均繊維径及び平均繊維長は、粒度分布計や電子顕微鏡(SEM)により測定することができる。
上記積層数は、ラマン分光法により測定することができる。
上記シート状カーボンは、一層の平均厚みが0.1〜1nmであることが好ましく、0.2〜0.4nmであることがより好ましい。
上記シート状カーボンは、シートを広げたときの最長部分の平均長さが0.1nm〜1000μmであることが好ましく、1nm〜100μmであることがより好ましい。
上記平均長さは、電子顕微鏡(SEM)により測定することができる。
上記平均粒子径は、粒度分布計や電子顕微鏡(SEM)により測定することができる。
なかでも、アルミナ、酸化チタン、酸化シリコンが好ましい。
上記平均粒子径は、粒度分布計や電子顕微鏡(SEM)により測定することができる。
なかでも、金、銀、銅が好ましい。
上記平均粒子径は、粒度分布計や電子顕微鏡(SEM)により測定することができる。
本開示の組成物において、上記共重合体は、上記無機フィラーを上記溶媒に分散させる分散剤として機能するものであってよい。
上記アルキル基としては、炭素数1〜3のアルキル基が挙げられ、メチル基が好ましい。
上記フルオロアルキル基としては、炭素数1〜12の直鎖又は分岐したフルオロアルキル基が好ましい。
上記フルオロモノマーとしては、ポリマー主鎖を構成する炭素原子に結合したフッ素原子を上記共重合体に導入でき、それによって上記共重合体の耐酸化性が向上することから、(1)が好ましく、フッ化ビニリデン、トリフルオロエチレン、テトラフルオロエチレン、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、クロロトリフルオロエチレン、モノフルオロエチレン、トリフルオロスチレン、及び、一般式:CH2=CFRf1(式中、Rf1は炭素数1〜12の直鎖又は分岐したフルオロアルキル基)で表されるフルオロモノマーからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることがより好ましく、フッ化ビニリデン、トリフルオロエチレン、テトラフルオロエチレン、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、クロロトリフルオロエチレン、及び、トリフルオロスチレンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることが更に好ましい。
また、上記フルオロモノマーとしては、テトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(HFP)、クロロトリフルオロエチレン(CTFE)、フッ化ビニリデン、トリフルオロエチレン、モノフルオロエチレン、フルオロアルキルビニルエーテル、フルオロアルキルエチレン、トリフルオロプロピレン、ペンタフルオロプロピレン、トリフルオロブテン、テトラフルオロイソブテン、ヘキサフルオロイソブテン、トリフルオロスチレン、及び、一般式:CH2=CFRf1(式中、Rf1は炭素数1〜12の直鎖又は分岐したフルオロアルキル基)で表されるフルオロモノマーからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることが好ましく、TFE、CTFE、フッ化ビニリデン及びHFPからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることがより好ましく、TFE及びフッ化ビニリデンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることが更に好ましい。
また、分散性及び耐酸化性が一層向上する点で、上記フルオロモノマーは、フッ化エチレン(1つ以上の水素原子がフッ素原子で置換されたエチレン)及びフッ化プロピレン(1つ以上の水素原子がフッ素原子で置換されたプロピレン)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることが好ましく、テトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)及びヘキサフルオロプロピレン(HFP)からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることがより好ましい。
上記重合性ビニル基としては、ビニル基、アリル基、ビニルエーテル基、ビニルエステル基、アクリル基等が挙げられる。
本開示の組成物は、上記共重合体が比較的少量(上記質量比が比較的大きい)であっても、無機フィラーの分散性、及び、耐酸化性に優れる。
本開示の組成物は、塗料組成物であってもよい。
CX1 2=CX2(CF2)nX3 (i)
(式中、X1、X2及びX3は、同一又は異なって、水素原子又はフッ素原子を表し、nは、1〜10の整数を表す。)で表されるフルオロオレフィン、下記一般式(ii):
CF2=CF−ORf2 (ii)
(式中、Rf2は炭素数1〜5のパーフルオロアルキル基を表す。)で表されるパーフルオロ(アルキルビニルエーテル)等が挙げられる。
上記単量体(iii)としては、下記式(iii−1):
二次電池の電極には導電剤が含まれるが、導電剤の分散性が悪いと、電極全体に導電性が付与されず性能が悪化する。また、導電剤を増量してこの問題に対処しようとすると、エネルギー密度が低下するおそれがある。
本開示の組成物は、上記無機フィラーが導電剤(カーボンフィラー等の導電性無機フィラー)である場合も、その分散性に優れる。また、上記共重合体が比較的少量であっても優れた分散性を発揮することができる。その結果、二次電池の性能を向上させることができる。
また、従来電池分野で分散剤として一般に使用されているPVPは、耐酸化性が低く、4.45V以上の高電圧で分解し、ガス発生や抵抗増加の原因となるおそれがある。
本開示の組成物は、耐酸化性に優れるので、高電圧の二次電池にも適用できる。
また、本開示の組成物は、分散剤としてPVPを使用した場合と比較して、電極合剤スラリーとした場合の粘度変化が小さい。
本開示の組成物は、二次電池の正極形成用組成物として特に好適に使用することができる。
上記組成物から形成される塗膜は、上記基材上に直接形成されてもよく、他の層を介して形成されてもよい。
本開示の積層体を備える導電性部材も、本開示の1つである。上記導電性部材は、例えば、二次電池の電極であることが好ましい。
本開示の分散剤は、上記共重合体からなるので、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP)等からなる分散剤と比較して、無機フィラーの分散性(溶媒に対する無機フィラーの分散性)、及び、耐酸化性に優れる。
本開示の分散剤は、また、使用量が比較的少量であっても、無機フィラーの分散性、及び、耐酸化性に優れる。
本開示の分散剤は、また、長時間(例えば、調製後7日以上)経過しても、無機フィラーの分散性に優れる組成物(無機フィラー分散液)を与えることができる。
本開示の分散剤は、また、粘度変化が小さい組成物(無機フィラー分散液)を与えることができる。
本開示の分散剤は、上記共重合体のみからなるものであってよい。
本開示の分散剤は、使用量が比較的少量(上記質量比が比較的大きい)であっても、無機フィラーの分散性、及び、耐酸化性に優れる。
例えば、インク、ゴム、導電性フィルム、電気化学デバイス(電池等)等に好適に使用することができる。なかでも、二次電池に使用することが好ましく、二次電池の電極に使用することがより好ましい。
SWCNT:単層CNT(CNTs2、SUSN社製)
アルミナ:平均粒径0.5μmのアルミナ粒子(市販品)
NMP:N−メチル−2−ピロリドン(水溶性有機溶媒、東京化成社製)
PVP K30:重量平均分子量4.0×104のポリビニルピロリドン(東京化成社製)
分散剤1:重量平均分子量4.6×104、テトラフルオロエチレン単位48mol%、N−ビニル−2−ピロリドン単位52mol%の共重合体
分散剤2:重量平均分子量4.5×104、テトラフルオロエチレン単位36mol%、N−ビニル−2−ピロリドン単位64mol%の共重合体
添加剤1:PVdF(ポリフッ化ビニリデン)(#7200、クレハ製)
実施例1
SWCNT(10mg)と分散剤1(100mg)をNMP(100g)に加え、超音波(37kHz)で1時間処理してSWCNTの分散液1を調製した。
実施例1の分散剤1を100mgから50mgに変更して分散液2を調製した。
実施例1の分散剤1を100mgから20mgに変更して分散液3を調製した。
実施例1の分散剤1を100mgから10mgに変更して分散液4を調製した。
実施例3の分散剤1を分散剤2(20mg)に変更して分散液5を調製した。
実施例3の無機フィラーをアルミナ(10mg)に変更して分散液6を調製した。
実施例6の分散剤1を分散剤2(20mg)に変更して分散液7を調製した。
実施例3の分散液3に添加剤1(100mg)を追加して分散液8を調製した。
実施例5の分散液5に添加剤1(100mg)を追加して分散液9を調製した。
SWCNT(10mg)をNMP(100g)に加え、超音波(37kHz)で1時間処理してSWCNTの分散液10を調製した。
SWCNT(10mg)とPVP K30(100mg)をNMP(100g)に加え、超音波(37kHz)で1時間処理してSWCNTの分散液11を調製した。
比較例2のPVP K30を100mgから20mgに変更して分散液12を調製した。
比較例3の分散液12に添加剤1(100mg)追加して分散液13を調製した。
分散液1〜13を室温で5時間静置し、5mLスクリュー管に各サンプルを約2mL入れ、目視観察にて沈殿の有無を確認した。更に同分散液を静置して7日後の沈殿の有無を確認した。沈殿が見られたものを×、見られなかったものを○と評価した。
結果を表1に示す。
LSV(リニアスイープボルタンメトリー)法による測定を行い、耐酸化性を評価した。LSV測定は、1.0MのLiPF6を電解質とし、エチレンカーボネートとエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7で混合した溶液を標準測定溶媒として用いた。標準測定溶媒にPVP K30、分散剤1、分散剤2をそれぞれ1.0重量%添加し、更にそれぞれの溶液にSWCNTを0.1質量%添加して3種の測定溶液を調製した。測定容器に予め調製した各測定溶液を入れ、作用極に白金電極、対極及び参照極にリチウム電極を浸したものをLSV測定用セルとし、OCV(Open Circuit Voltage)から掃引速度5mV/sで、酸化側に8V(vs.Li+/Li)まで電位を掃引させ、反応開始電位を測定した。反応開始電位は、応答電流が5mA/cm2となった時点の電位として判断した。
結果を表2に示す。
Claims (9)
- 無機フィラー、フルオロモノマーとアミド結合を有する重合性ビニル化合物との共重合体、及び、溶媒を含むことを特徴とする組成物。
- 前記無機フィラーと前記共重合体との質量比(無機フィラー/共重合体)が、0.1〜100である請求項1記載の組成物。
- 前記共重合体は、テトラフルオロエチレン及びヘキサフルオロプロピレンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のフルオロモノマーとアミド結合を有する重合性ビニル化合物との共重合体であって、全単量体単位に対して、フルオロモノマー単位が65〜7モル%であり、アミド結合を有する重合性ビニル化合物単位が35〜93モル%である請求項1又は2記載の組成物。
- 前記無機フィラーは、カーボンフィラーである請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記無機フィラーは、繊維状カーボンである請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 前記無機フィラーは、カーボンナノチューブである請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 基材と、前記基材上に形成された、請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の組成物から形成される塗膜とを備える積層体。
- 請求項7記載の積層体を備える導電性部材。
- 無機フィラーを溶媒に分散させるための分散剤であって、フルオロモノマーとアミド結合を有する重合性ビニル化合物との共重合体からなることを特徴とする分散剤。
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