JPWO2017146130A1 - 放射性ヨウ素含有流体の処理方法 - Google Patents
放射性ヨウ素含有流体の処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2017146130A1 JPWO2017146130A1 JP2018501748A JP2018501748A JPWO2017146130A1 JP WO2017146130 A1 JPWO2017146130 A1 JP WO2017146130A1 JP 2018501748 A JP2018501748 A JP 2018501748A JP 2018501748 A JP2018501748 A JP 2018501748A JP WO2017146130 A1 JPWO2017146130 A1 JP WO2017146130A1
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- silver
- zeolite
- iodine
- compact
- binderless
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- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 208
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 204
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 204
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 195
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 189
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 166
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- -1 silver ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 62
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 19
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001427 strontium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000004035 Cryptotaenia japonica Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015724 Trifolium pratense Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000000659 Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000007641 Trefoil Factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 240000002913 Trifolium pratense Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cs+] AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JYIMWRSJCRRYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4] JYIMWRSJCRRYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010559 graft polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002915 spent fuel radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001631 strontium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sr+2] AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
- B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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- B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28016—Particle form
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3007—Moulding, shaping or extruding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/14—Type A
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- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/14—Type A
- C01B39/18—Type A from a reaction mixture containing at least one aluminium silicate or aluminosilicate of a clay type, e.g. kaolin or metakaolin or its exotherm modification or allophane
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B39/00—Compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites; Their preparation; After-treatment, e.g. ion-exchange or dealumination
- C01B39/02—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof; Direct preparation thereof; Preparation thereof starting from a reaction mixture containing a crystalline zeolite of another type, or from preformed reactants; After-treatment thereof
- C01B39/20—Faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
- C01B39/22—Type X
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- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/02—Treating gases
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
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- B01D2253/108—Zeolites
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
[1]放射性ヨウ素を含む流体を、銀含有量が50wt%以下である銀含有バインダレスゼオライト成形体からなるヨウ素吸着剤に通過させ、当該ヨウ素吸着剤に放射性ヨウ素を吸着させる、放射性ヨウ素含有流体の処理方法。
[2]前記ヨウ素吸着剤は、銀イオンを5wt%以上含有する銀含有ゼオライト成形体からなる、[1]に記載の放射性ヨウ素含有流体の処理方法。
[3]前記ヨウ素吸着剤を構成するバインダレスゼオライト成形体は、バインダレスA型ゼオライト成形体又はバインダレスX型ゼオライト成形体である、[1]又は[2]に記載の放射性ヨウ素含有流体の処理方法。
[4]前記放射性ヨウ素を含む流体は液体であり、前記ヨウ素吸着剤は、30μm〜1500μmの範囲の粒径を有する粒子状である、[1]〜[3]のいずれか1に記載の放射性ヨウ素含有流体の処理方法。
[5]前記放射性ヨウ素を含む流体は気体であり、前記ヨウ素吸着剤は、800μm〜2000μmの範囲の粒径を有する粒子状である、[1]〜[3]のいずれか1に記載の放射性ヨウ素含有流体の処理方法。
前処理として、ゼオライト粉末、またはゼオライト成形体(以下、単に「試料」ともいう。)を大気中110℃で乾燥し、水分を十分に除去した。前処理後の試料をデシケーター内に静置し、温度25℃、相対湿度80%の条件下で16時間以上放置し、水分を飽和吸着させる水和処理を行った。水和処理後の試料重量(X1)を測定した。更に、水和処理後の試料に対して大気中、900℃の条件下で、1時間熱処理し、水分を十分に除去した。熱処理後の試料重量(X2)を測定した。X1及びX2の値を用いて以下の式(3)により試料100g当たりの水分吸着量(以下、「g/100g−剤」とする。)を求めた。
一般的なBET比表面測定装置(装置名:BELSORP 28SA、日本ベル社製)を用い、BET比表面積を測定した。吸着温度は液体窒素温度(−196℃)として吸着等温線を測定した。得られた吸着等温線における相対圧力0〜0.1に相当する範囲の窒素吸着容量から、BET比表面積を計算した。
成形体試料を酸に溶解し測定溶液とした。測定溶液中の金属イオン濃度をICP法により測定した。測定には、一般的なICP−AES(装置名:OPTIMA3000DV、PERKIN−ELMER社製)を使用した。
成形体中の銀の状態(銀種)は紫外可視光測定により測定した。すなわち、積分球付属装置(装置名:ISR−3100、島津製作所社製)を試料室に取り付けた自記分光光度計(装置名:UV−3100、島津製作所社製)を用い、以下の条件で紫外可視吸光測定を行った。
ICP測定により得られた銀担持量、及び、UV−VIS測定により得られた各銀種の割合から、測定試料中の各銀種の含有量を求めた。
10,000倍の測定倍率で観察した走査型電子顕微鏡観察図において確認できる独立した最小単位の粒子であって粒子径が1.5μm以下の粒子を無作為に30個抽出し、その大きさを計測し、その平均径を求め、ゼオライト微粒子の平均粒子径とした。
成形体5gを乳鉢にて10分間粉砕した後、目開き200μmの篩を通した。篩を通過した粉砕後の試料0.5gを純水50mlに添加してスラリーとした後、ホモジナイザーにて2分間超音波分散を行った。その後、そのスラリー溶液の粒度分布をマイクロトラック(日機装社製)にて測定した。
以下の手順にて、福島第一原発の汚染水を模擬した非放射性ヨウ素を含む模擬汚染水を調製した。
<銀含有ゼオライト成形体の調製>
市販のA型ゼオライト粉末(A−4、東ソー株式会社製)100重量部に対し、カオリン粘土20重量部、カルボキシメチルセルロース3重量部を、水を添加しながら混練して混合物を得た。得られた混合物の含水量は45wt%であった。この混合物を押出成形して、複数の直径1.5mm、長さ1mm〜5mmの円柱状のゼオライト成形体を得た。この成形体を100℃で一晩乾燥した後、空気流通下600℃で3時間焼成した。焼成後の成形体を室温の純水で洗浄した後、6wt%のNaOH水溶液を235mL/分の流速で循環流通させ、カオリン粘土をゼオライトに転換させた。循環流通は、40℃で1時間行った後、80℃で5時間行った。得られたA型ゼオライト成形体のSi/Al2モル比は2.5であった。得られた成形体のゼオライト純度は98.1wt%であり、バインダレス成形体であることを確認した。また、XRD測定によりA型ゼオライト以外の他のゼオライト構造を含まないことを確認した(図9)。
粒径300〜600μmの銀含有ゼオライト成形体を内径16mmのガラスカラムに10cmの層高となるように充填した。このガラスカラムに模擬汚染水を67mL/minの流量で通水し、カラム出口水を定期的に採取してヨウ素濃度を測定した。ヨウ素の定量分析は、ICP−MS(Agilient 7700x)を用いて行った。ヨウ素の除去性能を図3に示す。図3において、横軸は吸着剤の体積に対して何倍量の模擬汚染水を通水したのかを示すB.V.であり、縦軸はカラム出口のヨウ素濃度をカラム入口のヨウ素濃度で除した値である。図3から、バインダA型銀含有ゼオライト成形体と比較して、バインダレスA型銀含有ゼオライト成形体は銀含有量が少なくてもヨウ素吸着性能が高いことがわかる。すなわち、本発明の銀含有ゼオライト成形体からなるヨウ素吸着剤は、単位体積当たりのヨウ素吸着能が高いことが確認できた。
<銀含有ゼオライト成形体の調製>
市販のX型ゼオライト粉末(F−9、東ソー株式会社製)100重量部に対し、カオリン粘土20重量部、カルボキシメチルセルロース3重量部を、水を添加しながら混練して混合物を得た。得られた混合物の含水量は45wt%であった。この混合物を押出成形して、直径1.5mm、長さ1〜5mmの円柱状の成形体を複数得た。この成形体を100℃で一晩乾燥した後、空気流通下600℃で3時間焼成した。焼成後の成形体を室温の純水で洗浄した後、8.1wt%のNaOH及び1wt%のSiO2を含む水溶液を235mL/分の流速で循環流通させ、カオリン粘土をゼオライトに転換させた。循環流通は、40℃で1時間行った後、90℃で7時間行った。得られたX型ゼオライト成形体のSi/Al2モル比は2.8であった。得られた成形体のゼオライト純度は97.7%でありバインダレス成形体であることを確認した。また、XRD測定によりX型ゼオライト以外の他のゼオライト構造を含まないことを確認した(図9)。
調製した粒径300μm〜600μmの銀含有バインダレスX型ゼオライト成形体を用いて、実施例1と同様にしてヨウ素吸着性能を測定し、ヨウ素吸着性能を図3と同様の図6に示す。
<銀含有ゼオライト成形体の調製>
硝酸銀47.7gを純水142gに溶解させた硝酸銀水溶液(25.1wt%)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、銀含有量45wt%の銀含有バインダレスA型ゼオライト成形体を調製した。銀含有量が30wt%、35wt%の銀含有バインダレスA型ゼオライト成形体は、実施例1で調製したものを用いた。
実施例1と同様にして、銀含有量が30wt%、35wt%及び45wt%の銀含有バインダレスA型ゼオライト成形体(粒径300μm〜600μm)を用いて、実施例1と同様にしてヨウ素吸着性能を測定し、ヨウ素吸着性能を図3と同様の図7に示す。
<銀含有ゼオライト成形体の調製>
硝酸銀7.0gを純水142gに溶解させた硝酸銀水溶液(4.7wt%)を用いた以外は実施例2と同様にして、銀含有量9wt%の銀含有バインダレスX型ゼオライト成形体を調製した。また、硝酸銀29.9gを純水142gに溶解させた硝酸銀水溶液(17.4wt%)を用いた以外は実施例2と同様にして、銀含有量34wt%の銀含有バインダレスX型ゼオライト成形体を調製した。BET比表面積は570m2/g、Si/Al2モル比は2.8、Na/Alモル比は0.27、Ag/Alモル比は0.73、(アルカリ金属+Ag)/Alモル比は1.0、Ag担持量は34wt%、SiO2、Al2O3、Na2O及びAg2Oの総量は99wt%である。銀イオン、銀クラスター及び金属銀の存在比を表5に示す。
実施例1と同様にして、銀含有量が9wt%、18wt%、34wt%及び42wt%の銀含有バインダレスX型ゼオライト成形体(粒径300μm〜600μm)を用いて、実施例1と同様にしてヨウ素吸着性能を測定し、ヨウ素吸着性能を図3と同様の図8に示す。
市販のX型ゼオライト粉末(F−9、東ソー株式会社製)を実施例2と同様に焼成して成形体を得た。この成形体を室温の純水で洗浄し、洗浄後、NaOHを6重量%含む水溶液を235mL/分の流速で、40℃で1時間、その後、80℃で5時間循環流通させ、カオリン粘土をA型ゼオライトに転換したこと以外は実施例2と同様な方法でゼオライト成形体を得た。
Claims (5)
- 放射性ヨウ素を含む流体を、銀含有量が50wt%以下である銀含有バインダレスゼオライト成形体からなるヨウ素吸着剤に通過させ、当該ヨウ素吸着剤に放射性ヨウ素を吸着させる、放射性ヨウ素含有流体の処理方法。
- 前記ヨウ素吸着剤は、銀イオンを5wt%以上含有する銀含有ゼオライト成形体からなる、請求項1に記載の放射性ヨウ素含有流体の処理方法。
- 前記ヨウ素吸着剤を構成するバインダレスゼオライト成形体は、バインダレスA型ゼオライト成形体又はバインダレスX型ゼオライト成形体である、請求項1又は2に記載の放射性ヨウ素含有流体の処理方法。
- 前記放射性ヨウ素を含む流体は液体であり、前記ヨウ素吸着剤は、30μm〜1500μmの範囲の粒径を有する粒子状である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1に記載の放射性ヨウ素含有流体の処理方法。
- 前記放射性ヨウ素を含む流体は気体であり、前記ヨウ素吸着剤は、800μm〜2000μmの範囲の粒径を有する粒子状である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1に記載の放射性ヨウ素含有流体の処理方法。
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